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WHAT ARE RHETORICAL MODES?

Diferent methods o writing which you can incorporate into

your writing to make it more efective Use the modes to your advantage – as a writer (to make

your essay stronger) – and or your reader (to help themconnect with your essay better)

Choose your mode wisely or each paper – you wouldn’twant much narration in a typical research paper

hese modes are oten ound with one another!

"#ample$ rarely will you %nd &ust a process analysis paperwithout a little bit o de%nition and description!

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WHAT ARE THE NINE RHETORICAL

MODES? 'llustration

Description

arration

De%nition

ComparisonContrast

Cause"fect

DivisionClassi%cation

*rgumentation

+rocess *nalysis

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ILLUSTRATION

"#plains a general statement by means o one or more

speci%c examples "#amples are speci%c cases or stories which make a general

statement more believable!

Usually used in con&unction with some kind o analysis orargumentation

Use illustrations (speci%c reasons) to support an argument

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DESCRIPTION

Describes something – a person, a place, or an ob&ect

Captures it in words so others can imagine it or see it in themind-s eye

Uses descriptive e#amples that make use o the senses(sight, smell, hearing, taste, and touch) to convey an imageor represent an idea

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NARRATION

ells the story o what happened, the speci%c events that

happened, and the people who were involved Uses organi.ed acts and details in a clear chronological or

time order

/ay use %rst, second or third person in any narrative, butbe consistent in your use o personal pronouns

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DEFINITION

"#plains what a word, idea, or topic means

0emember you must be very clear when you de%nesomething or your reader1

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COMPARISON/CONTRAST

Comparison e#amines the ways in which two persons,

places, or things are similar Contrast e#amines the ways in which they are diferent

2elps the reader understand one person, place, or thing inrelation to another

/any times the goal o a comparison is or evaluation

"#ample$ ' you are comparing various ast ood restaurants,or e#ample, you will want to reach some conclusion aboutwhich restaurant is the best! hereore, you need to usesome speci%c criteria (price, healthiness, etc!) on which tobase your comparison!

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CAUSE/EFFECT

"#amines why something happened or what its

conse3uences were or will be 0eers to a direct relationship between events

*nswers the 3uestion 4why did something happen, andorwhat results did it have54

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DIVISION/CLASSIFICATION

gathers items, ideas, or inormation into types, kinds, or

categories according to a single basis o division DivisionClassi%cation essays oten also use De%nition

"#ample$ 6ou might start with a paper about sports anddivide it up into three particular sports – baseball, ootball,and basketball! 6ou could then classiy these sports by theirpopularity in the *merican culture!

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ARGUMENTATION

*lso known as +ersuasion

'nvolves the development o the writer-s own argument 7ometimes involves using outside sources and reerences to

other writers

he primary unction o *rgumentation is or the writer toarticulate hisher opinion about the issue being discussed!

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PROCESS ANALYSIS

Describes how to do something, how a particular event

occurs, or how something works 'nstructions are very similar to a +rocess *nalysis essay