review nutrition & transport. 1. explain what a food label tells you. the nutritional facts...
TRANSCRIPT
REVIEWNutrition & Transport
1. Explain what a food label tells you.
The nutritional facts found in processed foods.
2. Identify the following information for the food to the left.
a. Serving sizeb. Total carbohydratesc. Caloriesd. Protein
3. How many calories would you consume if you ate 2 servings of these crackers?
2 crackers
10g
60
2g
120 calories
4. Identify each structure labeled in the diagram.
oral cavity
stomachpancreas
small intestine
rectum
gall bladder
large intestine
5. Where does protein digestion begin?
6. What is the function of F?
7. Where are nutrients absorbed into the blood?
In the stomach
Absorb water
In the small intestine
8. What does C produce? Where does it go?
9. What is the function of G?
10 Chemical digestion is completed in this structure.
11. What type of digestion occurs in A?
Pancreatic juiceGoes to the small intestine
store bile
small intestine
mechanical and chemical
12. What is the name of this process? What is its function?
13. Where in the digestive tract does this process occur?
•peristalsis•To push food through the digestive tract
esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine
14. What is structure F? What is the function of this substance?
15. Identify structure B. What kind of digestion occurs here?
16. What is the function of structure A?
•liver •to produce bile
•stomach
The esophagus pushes food down into the stomach using peristalsis.
•chemical digestion
17. Through which of these structures does food pass?
18. Which organs are not part of the gastrovascular tract? How do they aid in digestion?
Esophagus (A)Stomach (B)
Small intestine (D)
•Liver (F) – produces bile that goes to the SI•Gall bladder (E) – stores bile•Pancreas (C) – releases pancreatic juice into SI
19. Describe the role of the small intestine in digestion.
•Where most chemical digestion occurs
•Where chemical digestion is completed
•Lined with VILLI which absorb nutrients into the blood
20. Identify the labeled organs.
A - mouth
B - Esophagus
C – Stomach
D – Pancreas
E - Large intestine
F - Appendix
G - Small intestine
H – Gall bladder
I - Liver
21. Through what organs does food pass? (in order)
mouth
Esophagus
Stomach
Small intestine
Large intestine
Rectum
Anus
22. Where excess water reabsorbed?
23. What occurs in structure G?
24. What does I produce? Where does it go?
25. This is where chemical digestion begins.
26. This is where chemical digestion ends.
Large intestine
Villi absorb nutrients into blood
Bile – into small intestine
mouth
Small intestine/duodenum
27. Identify organs where there is no digestion occurring.
Esophagus
Liver
Salivary glands
Pancreas
Glass bladder
28. Which part of the human blood:a. is the most numerous? b. contains a nucleus?c. is produced in the bone marrow?
d. consists mainly of water?
wbc’srbc’s
rbc’s, wbc’s, platelets
plasma
Y Z
29. Identify structures X, Y, and Z.
red blood cell
white blood cell
platelet
30. Which activity is not a function of white blood cells in response to an invasion of the body by bacteria?
1. engulfing these bacteria 2. producing antibodies to act against this type of
bacteria 3. preparing for future invasions of this type of
bacteria 4. speeding transmissions of nerve impulses to
detect these bacteria
31. Explain the difference between arteries and veins.
•Arteries carry blood AWAY from heart. Veins carry blood to the heart.
•Arteries are larger, more muscular and elastic than veins.
•Arteries carry blood under higher pressure than veins. •Veins have valves to prevent the backflow of blood. Arteries do not have valves.
32. Explain what occurs in capillaries and why.
The exchange or diffusion of substances into or out of the capillary.
Capillaries are extremely small and have a VERY thin lining that allows for diffusion to occur.
O 2
glucose
O 2
glucose
glucose
O 2
O 2
glucose
CO 2
CO 2
CO 2
33.The diagram represents a capillary near some cells. a. Identify the substances diffusing out of the capillary and into cells. b. Identify the substances diffusing out of cells into the capillary.
left ventricle
right ventricle
left atrium
right atrium
34. Identify the structures below.
aorta
Upper vena cava
Pulmonary artery
Pulmonary vein
35. When blood passes through the heart from the left atrium (D) to the left ventricle (E), it must first pass through a
valve
36. Explain the difference between mechanical and chemical digestion.• Mechanical is a physical breakdown,
while chemical digestion breaks down complex molecules into more simple molecules using enzymes.
37. Where does mechanical digestion begin? How?• Mouth – teeth grind up food38. Where does chemical digestion begin? How?• Mouth – ptyalin in saliva starts to
chemically break down starches into sugar
39. Where does chemical digestion end?• Duodenum (small intestine)
40. Where does most chemical digestion occur?• Duodenum (small intestine)
41. Where and how are nutrients absorbed once food has been completely broken down. • They are absorbed in the villi of the
small intestine by diffusion.
42. Identify the digestive organ described.
a. Where the digestion of protein begins.• stomach
b. Where mechanical digestion begins.• mouth
c. Site of water absorption.• Large intestine
d. All chemical digestion is completed here.• Duodenum (SI)
42. Identify the digestive organ described.
e. Where the breakdown of starch begins.• mouth
f. Where bile is stored.• Gall bladder
g. Releases many enzymes into the SI.• pancreas
42. Identify the digestive organ described.
h. Pushes food into the stomach.• esophagus
i. Where the absorption of nutrients occurs.• Small intestine
j. Lining is protected by a mucus layer.• stomach
43. How is energy measured in food?• calories
44. Identify the 6 types of nutrients. • Carbs, proteins, lipids, vitamins, minerals,
water
45. The main function of the human digestive system is to (1) break down foods for absorption into the blood (2) exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide in the lungs (3) release energy from sugars within the cells (4) carry nutrients to all parts of the body
46. Nutrients from digested food enter the blood stream through the process of (1) absorption (3) respiration (2) elimination (4) secretion
47. Which substance provides humans with their main source of energy? (1) food (2) carbon dioxide (3) water (4) chlorophyll
48. Describe the function of plasma.• Transports materials (blood cells,
hormones, wastes…)
49. Describe the function and shape of red blood cells.• Disc shaped, no nucleus, carries oxygen
& carbon dioxide
50. What do red blood cells contain?• Hemoglobin (red protein that allows them
to carry oxygen)
51. Identify the part of blood being described.
a. Most numerous blood cell.• Red blood cellsb. Carries enzymes.• plasmac. Involved in blood clotting.• plateletsd. Carries oxygen.• Red blood cells
51. Identify the part of blood being described.
e. Largest blood cell.• White blood cellsf. Made up of 90% water.• plasmag. Involved in blood clotting.• plateletsh. Protect the body against disease.• White blood cellsi. Carries hormones.• plasma
52. What component of blood is important in healing wounds on the skin?
a. red blood cells b. urea c. platelets d. white blood cells
53. What is a pickup function of blood?
a. picks up urine from the bladder b. picks up undigested food from
the large intestine c. picks up carbon dioxide from
the air in the lungs d. picks up carbon dioxide waste
from cells.
19. Which statement best describes the activities of the parts of the blood shown in the diagram below?
a. A and B kill germs, and C carries oxygen. b. A, B, and C produce hemoglobin. c. B and C kill germs, and A carries nutrients. d. A carries oxygen, B starts clotting, and C
kills germs.
A
B
C
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20. What part of the blood carries minerals, vitamins, sugar, and other foods to the body's cells? a. plasma b. red blood cells c. white blood cells d. platelets 21. What would happen to people who have an open wound and whose blood did not clot naturally? a. Nothing. Clotting is not important. b. They would have to take special clotting drugs. c. They would bleed to death. d. They would need a transfusion of plasma.
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Arteries
Capillaries
Veins
57. Identify the blood vessels below:
58. Identify the blood vessel described.a. Carry blood towards the heart.• veinsb. Thickest blood vessel.• arteriesc. Where the diffusion of substances occurs.• capillariesd. Contain valves.• veins
58. Identify the blood vessel described.e. Blood vessel used when measuring pulse rate.• arteriesf. Thinnest blood vessel• capillariesg. Blood flows through with a lot of pressure.• arteriesh. Very elastic.• arteries
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60. Explain the function of the circulatory system. • Transport materials through the body61. Describe the four chambers of the heart.• right atrium & right ventricle – pump
deoxygenated blood from cells to lungs• Left atrium & left ventricle – pump oxygenated
blood from lungs to cells62. Explain the importance of valves in the heart.• Prevent blood from moving backwards63. Why is the septum so important?• Prevents blood in right and left sides from
mixing
64. Where is deoxygenated blood pumped to?• The lungs65. Where is oxygenated blood pumped to?• To body cells66. Identify the largest artery in the body. Where does it pump blood to? Oxygenated or deoxygenated? • Aorta, to all body cells, oxygenated
67.Identify the part of the heart being described.
a. Chamber that receives oxygenated blood.• Left atriumb. Wall that separates the right and left side of the heart.• septumc. Chamber that pumps out deoxygenated blood.• Right ventricle
67. Identify the part of the heart being described.
d. Chamber that receives deoxygenated blood.• Right atriume. Prevents the backflow of blood between atria and ventricles.• valvesf. Chamber that pulps out oxygenated blood.• Left ventricles
Lower vena cava
upper vena cava
Left ventricle
Right ventricle
Pulmonary vein Pulmonary vein
Pulmonary artery
aorta
Pulmonary artery
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Pulmonary artery
Salivary gland
esophagus
stomach
duodenum
pancreas
Small intestine
rectum
mouth
epiglottis
liver
Gall bladder
Large intestine
appendix
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