WELCOME TO VISION

2014!!!

SAMRAT HALDER

2nd Year, IIT KHARAGPUR

KOUSHIK MONDAL

2nd Year, NIT DURGAPUR

ANIRBAN CHATTERJEE

1st Year, BARASAT

GOVERNMENT COLLEGE

SOURAV SARKAR

3rd Year, IISER KOLKATA

SIDDHARTHA SARKAR

4th Year, IIT KHARAGPUR

*

MAJOR

PROBLEMS

FACED BY INDIA

A shortage of skilled and

competent people in India.

Problems for the public sector

:None of the public sectors

finance companies have done

a serious job of revamping

their pay scales. They face

two alternatives: a sharp

increase in wages of high-skill

labors, or bankruptcy.

Problems of governance : In

government itself, low wages

at senior levels are a serious

problem. An economic advisor

at the Finance Ministry earns

less than Rs.20,000 a month.

It is possible to have

individuals take up these

roles if they are

independently wealthy;

altruistic; power-hungry;

corrupt or incompetent. This

is not a happy state of affairs

etc.

SO NOW WE HAVE TO DECIDE………………

Brain Drain:

Issues India’s problem starts with the already small pool of students who choose to do a Ph.D. Between 1991 and 2001, the number of doctorates awarded increased by only 20% compared to an 85% jump in China.

Today, no more than 1% of students with undergraduate degrees opt for doctoral studies and the substantial number who do prefer to go abroad. India produces only up to 125 Ph.D.'s in computer engineering a year, despite nearly 1.7 million engineering students graduating each year.

Again only 5% of Indians who go to the US to earn a doctorate degree return home, as was revealed in a study on the mobility patterns of PhD graduates in science, engineering science and health.

India also has the largest diaspora, with 40% of its home-born researchers working overseas and 75% of its scientists going to the US. A major reason behind the brain drain is the divide between universities and specialized research institutions, with most universities not engaged in cutting-edge research and is unable to attract the best minds. India’s quest to become a leading knowledge economy will largely depend on its ability to promote research and innovation.

.

BRAIN GAIN

PUSH FACTORS Under employment. Economic under development. Low wage/salary. Over production and under

utilization. Lack of research and other

facilities. Lack of freedom. Discrimination in appointment

and promotion. Poor working facilities. Lack of scientific tradition and

culture. Unsuitable institution. Desire for a better urban life. Desire for higher qualification

and recognition. Better career expectation. Lack of satisfactory working

conditions.

PULL FACTORS Better economic prospects. Higher salary and income. Better level of living and way of life. Better research facilities. Prestige of foreign training. Intellectual freedom. Better working condition and

better employment opportunities. Presence of a rich, scientific and

cultural tradition. Attraction of urban center. Availability of

experience/supporting staff. Frequent chances of a lucky

break in life. Allocation of substantial funds

for research. Modern educational system and

better opportunity for higher qualifications.

SOME STEPS ALREADY

TAKEN

As the nation’s elite institutions try to morph from world-class teaching institutions to

world-class research centers, they have put in place flexible recruitment policies,

generous research grants, and industry-academe collaborations to attract their

researchers back from foreign institutions.

At IIIT Delhi, two-thirds of academics have a Ph.D. or postdoc from a foreign university.

IIT Bombay has hired more than 100 young Indian assistant professors in the past three

years, all with international experience.

When Vinay Joseph Ribeiro, an assistant professor at IIT Delhi, returned to India it was

for personal reasons: “While doing my Ph.D. at Rice University in Houston, I worked

with a Catholic community that wanted some work done in Delhi. I wanted to pitch in,

and thus applied at IIT Delhi,” Ribeiro said.”MAKING THE P.HD ATTRACTIVE”

At IIIT Delhi, a joint Ph.D. with Queensland University of Technology has met the needs

of several Ph.D. students.

International collaborations attract students and academics alike. IIT Bombay has a

major joint Ph.D. program with Monash University in Australia and more than 100

students are enrolled.

The Indian government launched a prime minister’s fellowship scheme for doctoral

research with industry partnership last year for science, technology, engineering,

agriculture, and medicine. Under the scheme, 100 fellowships will be given to selected

candidates working on research projects jointly with industry.

WHAT CAN BE DONE

• We cannot stop the brain drain of professionals to countries of their choice. What has to be done is to find out which of our professionals are in high demand by which countries so that we can develop strategies to satisfy these demands at a profit to India.

• If India supplies countries in which professionals such as Doctors and nurses were in high demand for a fee, the income can be used to improve the training facilities, pay the lecturers and those professionals who remain in the country better salaries as well as generate some foreign exchange for India. With the establishment of more training facilities for the implementation of proposals, more students would have facilities to enter higher institutions of learning, while most professionals would also have the opportunity to gain financially.

• The country’s universities must be provided with well-trained lecturing staff who are reasonably remunerated so as to ensure that they resist the pull factors of the Diaspora. This will provide India with a stable expertise base. Their teaching, research and development activities must be appropriately funded so as to enable them to effectively impart knowledge and skills to their trainees Universities need to ‘think outside the box’ and consider private-public partnerships in their quest to unlock funding. Knowledge is an unexcelled weapon for development as it enables mankind to exploit planet earth’s resources in a more sophisticated and sustainable way. This strategy will enable the country to produce a competent workforce. Furthermore, the provision of competitive remuneration packages, properly maintained research facilities and adequate research funding levels will enable the country to attract back the skills it has lost to the Diaspora.

CONT.

WHAT MORE CAN BE

DONE

• Another possible solution to the problem is to make migration more difficult. In other

words, there need to be policies put in place that would make permanent migration a

less attractive alternative. For example, one policy could be that any student coming

to an industrialized or developed country on a student visa, must return to their home

country for a specified period of time before they are able to apply for a more

permanent status. This would reduce the employment opportunities available to the

student in the receiving country as well as present students with an opportunity to

explore career options in their home country while they become re-assimilated into

their home culture.

• Government also need to find more successful ways of making it easier for emigrants

to return home if they are unsuccessful in the developed country. Kapur and McHale

(2005) suggest that governments in the receiving countries should make social security

entitlements portable and help sponsor the return of people whose home countries are

in need of their skills. They also suggest that governments in the developed countries

should tax the immigrants and put a portion of the revenue from this tax in a special

account that will be accessible to the immigrant on his or her return home.

Governments can also encourage some form of distant learning programs and forums

where Highly Skilled Migrants can share information with students in source countries.

• For a long prospective and effective step to brain gain in India is to control the

population. Population burst in India has caused the less employment. Even among

bright students, competition for employment has increased. As result they try to find

the alternative secure way to go abroad. If we can take the step to control the

population, employment will be increased as well as the financial infrastructure can be

stronger. In this way overall research and innovation quality can be modified which will

surely a solution for the brain gain.

DIFFICULTIES

In the developed countries there are some professors who will not willingly chair a

thesis or dissertation committee of a student who cannot participate in the research of

the professor. If restrictions are placed on the types of topics students can study, then

there is also the possibility of eliminating some profound research or discovery that

these students could be contributing to the world.

Enforcement of these policies will result in not only having students deal with

restrictions in the areas of study that they can engage in, they will also be under

tremendous pressure to decide and determine the length of their studies from the

moment they begin.

Furthermore, dedicating the time and resources to ensure that the student returns to

his or her home country and uses his or her acquired education there will be quite

difficult to achieve. Students can be ordered to go home after graduation, but this is

difficult to enforce. In fact, such policies could push students into a situation of

unemployment and hopelessness in their home countries. One must consider the push

factors and conditions that encouraged them to leave in the first place. Also, these

policies will not be successful unless all governments in both receiving and source

countries agree to implement this policy.

ACTIONS NEEDED TO

IMPLEMENT ALL THESE

Govt. should work sensibly as nothing can be done in one day. But the beginning of of

the work flow should be done right now only to to give the Indian economy a better

future.

The govt. should regularly keep track of the money invested for research purpose.

They should take the issue very seriously from the very root level and make sure that

the right person is posted for the right work and also he is doing his part properly.

All they should maintain good relationships with the developed countries so that they

don’t stop outsourcing to India as that may lead us to a disastrous future.

All govt need to do is turn the brain drain in brain gain ,i.e reduce the outgoing of our

wealth form our motherland and also at the same time make a better India so that

people from developed countries start thinking of pursuing their career here at India.

Last but not the least we should make sure that the entire system gets corruption free

as.

Brain Drain Is Not Always Negative .While it is easy to identify the ways in which brain

drain can hurt economic development, the reasons that it may not be so bad, or may

in fact be positive, are not so obvious. Yet, acknowledging and accounting for the

positive spin-offs from highly skilled emigration is an important first step in getting to

the bottom of the dilemmas brain drain poses.

IMPACT

India will be turned to a developed country from a developing country, the tag which

we could remove from us even after the 65 years of our independence.

Indian economy and our average lifestyle will boost up.

Indian brain will be involved for the cause of their own motherland not for some

foreign lands for only a few dollars.

India will be a self dependent country from all the aspects.

Academicians based abroad will come back and who are already here in India will

make a better impact. Also possibility is that foreign academicians will be engaged

with India.

India can be a major participant in the mega research projects (e.g. CERN, space

missions , Exawatt Centre for Extreme Light Studies (ECELS), Russia and many more in

near future).

At the theoretical level, economist Oded Stark and others have argued that brain drain

may lead to positive results. Even in the poorest of countries (Cuba may well be a good

example), the prospect of being able to emigrate may increase incentives to acquire

education and skills and induce additional investment in education. When this

domestic "brain gain" is greater than the "brain drain," the net impact on welfare and

growth may well be positive.

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