reconstructing sea levels in venice, italy from 1700 to 1872 nick angelini laura corsetto
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Reconstructing Sea Levels in Venice, Italy from 1700 to 1872 Nick Angelini Laura Corsetto David DeFusco Michael Scarsella In cooperation with CNR Advisors:Dario Camuffo Alberto Gallo Emanuela Pagan. Introduction. Social Implications - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Reconstructing Sea Levels in Venice, Italy from 1700 to
1872
Nick AngeliniLaura CorsettoDavid DeFuscoMichael Scarsella
In cooperation with CNRAdvisors: Dario Camuffo
Alberto GalloEmanuela Pagan
IntroductionIntroduction
Social Implications-Tide levels have been rising all over the world for centuries.-The melting of polar ice caps has caused much of this sea level rise9% area decrease per decade20% area decrease since 1979-Industrial revolution effects starting in 1860
*Is the rise in sea level natural, or has man influenced it?
Artic cap area decrease since 1979(NASA)
IntroductionIntroduction
-The rising rate of the sea level in Venice is unknown from 1700 to 1872.-Gap needs to be filled in order to fully analyze contributing factors behind rising sea levels. -Acqua Alta occurs 20 times per year on average.
St. Mark’s square, September, 2001
Mission StatementMission Statement
Using similar photographic analysis methods, accurate paintings will be examined to
determine what the sea levels were during the time period of each of the paintings. By applying data collected from paintings,
photos, and engravings in canal walls, this project will verify Camuffo’s results and
provide a more accurate reconstruction of sea levels in Venice from 1700 to 1872, when
automated tide gauges came online.
ApproachApproach
Understand background information
Create appropriate methodologyResults and analysisConclusion
BackgroundBackground
Selected artistsC markersPhotographs Dario Camuffo’s results
Venetian ArtistsVenetian Artists
Who? When?– Canaletto 1725-1755– Bellotto 1745-
1765– Guardi 1760-1780
Why rely on Venetian art?– Accuracy
Camera obscura Antonio Givanni "Canaletto" Canal (1697-1768)
Camera ObscuraCamera Obscura
Primitive lens system Extremely accurate
for its time How it works:
– Light through lens– Mirror reflects light
onto surface– Canvas placed on
surface– “Photographic” image
created
Camera ObscuraCamera Obscura
Primitive lens system Extremely accurate
for its time How it works:
– Light through lens– Mirror reflects light
onto surface– Canvas placed on
surface– “Photographic” image
created
Camera ObscuraCamera Obscura
Primitive lens system Extremely accurate
for its time How it works:
– Light through lens– Mirror reflects light
onto surface– Canvas placed on
surface– “Photographic” image
created
Venetian PaintingsVenetian Paintings
Canaletto’s “Disciples” Belloto and Guardi
Notice algae line– Average high tide
level – Comune MarinoLa Punta Della Dogana (1727)
C markersC markers
C markers – Documents
comune marino per year
– Etched in stone on canal walls
– Many locations unknown (WPI-IQP)
PhotographsPhotographs
Earliest known photos of Venice (mid-1800s)
Will be used in coalition with paintings
More accurate than paintings
Later timeframe for extended dataset
Project TechniquesProject Techniques
Reconstruct sea levels – Present-day replication of views
Paintings, Photographs
– Waterline differential (height) Photo measurements vs. on-site measurements
– Plot data of average sea level Vs. time (yrs) Data comparison to global warming statistics
– Apply information to or from C-Marker data
Learning from the Past…Learning from the Past…
Dario Camuffo (CNR)– Originator of sea-level
construction concept.– Learn from his work
(11 paintings used)– Improve upon his work
Two additional approaches
– Photographs– C markers
Dario Camuffo of CNR
……Applying toward the FutureApplying toward the Future
Selection of Venetian landscape portraits– Database created
Utilized Catalogue Raisonné
– Catagorized appropriately for future use Date, Image, Source, other info.
– Narrowed down by visible Comune Marino line
Digital ReproductionsDigital Reproductions
Map locations of paintings
Obtain copies of photographs – Map locations
Go to locations– Take digital photos of
present-day views– Measure to fixed points
near and far, in 3 dimensions.
– Document DataMap of sea levels and painting locations
Waterline DifferentialWaterline Differential
Record on-site measurement dataMeasure same distances within
photo/portrait.– Create a ratio (scale)
Distance from comune marino in comparison to today.
Derive Quantitative data – Water level in year of each
photo/portrait.
Waterline Differential Cont.Waterline Differential Cont.
• Side-by-side comparison of photos
• Obvious comune marino shift
Photo Courtesy of Dario Camuffo, 2002
• Example shows a 44 cm +/- 10 shift since 1880
• Side-by-Side gives visual confirmation of numeric data
C-MarkersC-Markers
Dated C-Markers checked for support to tide progression trend
If not dated – possible to date with tide information. – Height corresponds to year on tide progression
chart. Markers photographed and documented
for database. Treated as a tertiary source for data if
deemed reliable.
Results and AnalysisResults and Analysis
Create graphical representations of data– Graphs, charts, tables, database
Comparison of data– Global warming
Look for human influences
– Pre-recorded tide data since 1872 Look for correlation
Graphical RepresentationGraphical Representation
• Gather relevant data
• Height differential
• Year of photo/portrait
• Plot data points
• Tide progression
Data ComparisonData Comparison
• Compare tide progression line with global warming data
Comparison to Tidal DataComparison to Tidal Data
KEY: Left to Right
•Canaletto & Bellotto
•Photographs
•Tide Gauge data (Blue)
measured sea level since 1872
Courtesy of Dario Camuffo
ConclusionConclusion
Ultimately aid researchers– Known tidal levels
Two Centuries prior to what is currently known
– Comparable to global warming data
Discover human influence on sea level rise
– Find a cause for sea level rise since 1700
Thank You!