real-time aerosol measurements in pilot scale coal fired

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Real-time Aerosol Measurements In Pilot Scale Coal Fired Post Combustion CO2 Capture

Southern Research Energy & Environment

by

Chiranjib Saha, PhD.

Southern Research

Justin H. AnthonySouthern Company Services, Inc.

Wilsonville, AL

Project No: DE-FE-0022596

19-Sep-17

4th Post Combustion Capture Conference, September 5-8, 2017

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DISCLAIMER

19-Sep-17 Southern Research Energy & Environment

Disclaimer: This presentation was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United States Government. Neither the United States Government nor any agency thereof, nor any of their employees, makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States Government or any agency thereof. The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the United States Government or any agency thereof.


AMINE BASED POST-COMBUSTION CONCEPT

Aerosols can dominate amine loss and are difficult to remove in different pilot plants

EPLI, PDI & CPC have been used with varying degrees of success

Coal Air+

Boiler

Steam

Turbines

Power

Q

AMINE – CO2

CO2

CO2 Capture

AMINE

Hea

t In

tegr

atio

n

AMINE

AMINE – CO2

CO2 Rich Solvent

CO2 Rich Solvent

CO2 Lean Solvent

CO2 Lean Solvent

CO

2 R

ich

fl

ue

gas

CO2

Clean flue gas

Stack

ABSORBER

REGENERATOR

AerosolsPower Plant Incineration

H2SO4 mist


OBJECTIVES OF THE CURRENT WORK

Evaluate feasibility of using an Electric Low Pressure Impactor (ELPI+™) for aerosol characterization in post-combustion CO2 capture

Characterization of aerosols at the Pilot Solvent Test Unit (PSTU) and Slip-Stream Solvent Test Unit (SSTU) at the National Carbon Capture Center (NCCC)

Conduct isokinetic sampling of real-time aerosols using an ELPI+™

Produce aerosol characterization data sets which correspond to scheduled process changes in real-time


PILOT/SLIP-STREAM SOLVENT TEST UNIT SCHEMATIC

5000 lb/hr and 500

lb/hr of flue gas

flows to the PSTU

and SSTU absorbers

respectively

Isokinetic samples

extracted from pre-

scrubber inlet, SSTU

absorber inlet and

PSTU/SSTU wash

tower outlets (WTO)

DOE Report; Prepared by : Southern Company Services, Inc.


MEASUREMENT SET-UP

Sample stream is expected to be saturated

Dilution reduces condensation on the impactor plates

Dekati ELPI+TM used for characterization


ELECTRICAL LOW PRESSURE IMPACTOR

Real-time distribution of aerosols number concentration for 0.006 to 10 μm size

DEKATI ELPI+TM User Manual, Ver. 1.53

Working Principles:

1. Aerosol charging via coronal charger

2. Increasing jet velocity for cut size control

3. Electrometers record current transfer to each stage

Collection Plate

Flow to a Stage

Nozzle Diameter

Jet Plate to Collection Plate

Distance

Jet Velocity

Collection Substrates


PICTURES OF MEASUREMENT SET-UP

Temperature & Flow Controllers

ELPI+™ HTController

Vacuum Pumps

ELPI+™ Controller

Isokinetic Probe & Transport Line

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ELPI+™ STAGE CUT PROFILES CALIBRATION


Stage # 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

Particle Size

DEKATICAL.

9.840 6.630 3.970 2.370 1.590 0.941 0.608 0.379 0.260 0.154 0.093 0.055 0.027 0.016 0.006

PSTUTest

9.852 5.352 3.646 2.466 1.629 0.948 0.605 0.384 0.259 0.158 0.097 0.056 0.031 0.015 0.006

DEKATICAL.

9.991 5.420 3.686 2.488 1.638 0.947 0.598 0.375 0.247 0.145 0.085 0.049 0.027 0.014 0.006

SSTUTest

9.995 5.423 3.690 2.492 1.642 0.950 0.601 0.378 0.251 0.148 0.088 0.051 0.028 0.014 0.006

Values in µm

D50% impactor cut points with aerodynamic diameters

Values corrected for pressure and temperature during each test

Calibration values provided by Dekati for impactor number 10086


PSTU REAL-TIME NUMBER CONCENTRATION

Combined number concentration ranged from E+06 to E+07

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0.E+00

2.E+06

4.E+06

6.E+06

8.E+06

1.E+07

1.E+07

0.01 0.10 1.00 10.00

Nu

mb

er

dN

/dlo

gD

p [

1/c

m³]

Dp [µm]

0.E+00

2.E+06

4.E+06

6.E+06

8.E+06

1.E+07

1.E+07

0.01 0.10 1.00 10.00

Nu

mb

er

dN

/dlo

gD

p [

1/c

m³]

Dp [µm]


EFFECT OF INTERCOOLERS ON AEROSOL FORMATION

PSTU - Intercoolers Off PSTU - Intercoolers On

Aer

od

ynam

ic d

iam

eter

[µ

m]

Time [hh:mm:ss]

0.006

10

Aer

od

ynam

ic d

iam

eter

[µ

m]

Time [hh:mm:ss]

0.006

10


EFFECT OF DILUTION HEATING

0.0E+00

3.0E+06

6.0E+06

9.0E+06

1.2E+07

0.01 0.1 1 10

dN

/dlo

gD

p [

1/c

m³]

Dp

0.0E+00

3.0E+07

6.0E+07

9.0E+07

1.2E+08

0.01 0.1 1 10

dN

/dlo

gD

p [

1/c

m³]

Dp

90°C 180°C

Observed size change is likely related to accelerated evaporation due to low relative humidity and elevated temperature

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0.0E+00

3.0E+06

6.0E+06

9.0E+06

0.001 0.010 0.100 1.000 10.000

Nu

mb

er d

N/d

logD

p (

1/c

m3)

Dp (µm)

SSTU - Wash Tower Outlet

SSTU - Absorber Inlet


NUMBER CONCENTRATION COMPARISON

Much lower aerosol concentration at wash tower outlet

0.0E+00

2.0E+07

4.0E+07

6.0E+07

0.001 0.010 0.100 1.000 10.000

Nu

mb

er d

N/d

logD

p (

1/c

m3)

Dp (µm)

PSTU - Wash Tower Outlet

SSTU - Wash Tower Outlet

PSTU - Scrubber Inlet

Aerosol concentration is very high at PSTU scrubber inlet


Pattern indicates aerosol collection of solids

Aerosol droplets impacted on stages coalesced in flow eddies

Indications of solvent observed within liquids

POST-TEST OPTICAL IMAGES OF STAGES 3 AND 4

25mm25mm

Stage 3 Stage 4


EFFECT OF BAGHOUSE INSTALLATION

Aerosol number dropped significantly after the E.C Gaston baghouse installation

Few smaller size aerosols observed at WTO after the baghouse installation

0.0E+00

5.0E+05

1.0E+06

1.5E+06

0.001 0.010 0.100 1.000 10.000

Nu

mb

er d

N/d

logD

p (1

/cm

3)

Dp (µm)

SSTU - Before Bag-house

SSTU - After Bag-house


SMOOTH AND SINTERED COLLECTION SUBSTRATES

Accumulation of aerosols on normal substrates

Sintered substrates soak up the aerosols in their pores


CONCLUSIONS

Successful testing of the ELPI+™ system at the NCCC PSTU/SSTU during several test campaigns since 2015

Typical number concentrations were similar to those previously reported

Encouraging results observed under varying process conditions with significant changes characterized in real time

The effect of E.C. Gaston baghouse installation is positive to reduce aerosol concentrations

Further investigations are on-going to develop cost effective control measures

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS


More information: www.nationalcarboncapturecenter.com

real-time aerosol measurements in pilot scale coal fired

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