prospects of co utilisation in...
TRANSCRIPT
Prospects of CO2 utilisation
in Europe
Dr. Mar Pérez-Fortes
Dr. Andrei Bocin-Dumitriu
Dr. Vangelis Tzimas
CCUS Project, Energy Systems Evaluation Unit, IET - JRC
Carbon capture, utilisation and storage (CCUS)
supply chain
• Exploration of the real utilisation potential.
• Creation of additional value chains for CO2 usage.
• Potential connections between CO2 sources and CO2 consumers.
• Prospective use of biomass and waste for a potential negative CO2 balance.
Fossil fuels,
organic wastes,
biomass
CO2 production: preparation
of fossil fuels, combustion,
industrial processes,
CO2 conditioning
CO2 transportation
(optional): pipelines, ships
CO2 utilisation and storage:
geological, different industrial
processes
CCU
Aresta et al. (2013), Aresta et al. (2007), Quadrelli et al. (2011)
CCU portfolio
CCU pathways. Source: CSLF’s CO2 Utilisation
Options Task Force Phase 1 Report (2012)
Potential abatement effects of CCU technologies.
Source: Carbon Counts and Ecofys report (2012)
CO2 re-use workshop – 7th June 2013
• The workshop was organised by DG JRC-IET and DG CLIMA and focused on three
promising pathways:
(i) Methanol production, (ii) Mineralisation, and (iii) Polymer production.
• The aim was to:
o present how the most promising pathways for CO2 re-use
are related to climate and energy technology policies,
o facilitate a dialogue between stakeholders,
o address the challenges for a possible large scale roll-out.
• Expert presentations on:
o the state of the art of the technologies,
o the needs of the sector for large scale deployment of CCU,
o the impact of the CO2 re-use products on the market.
http://publications.jrc.ec.europa.eu/repository/
http://setis.ec.europa.eu/setis-deliverables/setis-workshops-hearings/workshop-co2-re-use-technologies
CCU – Priorities
CO2 re-use technology Uptake potential (Mt/y) Research & Industrial
engagement TRLs
Methanol production > 300 + + + 5-6
Mineralisation of CO2 > 300 + + + 6-9
Polymerisation 5 < demand < 30 + + + 3-5
Formic acid > 300 + + + 3-5
Urea 5 < demand < 30 + + + 9
Enhanced coal bed methane recovery 30< demand < 300 + - - 6
Enhanced geothermal systems 5 < demand < 30 + + - 4
Algae cultivation > 300 + - - 3-5
Concrete curing 30< demand < 300 + + - 4-6
Bauxite residue treatment 5 < demand < 30 + + - 4-5
Micro-organism engineered for fuels >300 + + - 2-4
CO2 injection to methanol synthesis 1<demand<5 + - - 2-4
Graphene** ~ 224 (not an annual figure) + - - 1-3
The most promising CCU pathways in the
European context
o Priorities established after the CO2 re-use workshop (7th of June 2013,
Brussels) co-hosted with DG CLIMA.
o R&D activities are currently included in the draft 2013-2015 Implementation
Plan of the CCS-EII.
o CO2 utilisation is also part of the SET-Plan Integrated Roadmap.
• JRC research focuses on CCU options
with significant CO2 uptake potential
and net reduction of CO2 emissions.
A process engineering and economics approach
to assess CCU technology options:
Process description
Representative average size, input data and working conditions for the selected plants.
Renewable methanol Mineral carbonation
Plant size 1,300 (t of product/d) 14,400 (kg/h of fly ash)
Pressure (bar) 75.7 (Reaction) and 1.1
(Distillation) 20 (Reaction)
Temperature (°C) 210 (Adiabatic reactor) 30 (Isothermal reactor)
Mass flow rate of CO2
(kg/h) 80,500 464 (Stoichiometric)
Mass flow rate of reactants
(kg/h) 10,977 (Stoichiometric H2)
216,000 of H2O
(L/S=15kg/kg)
(Montes-Hernández et al. 2009; Huijgen et al. 2006; DOE/NETL, 2013; Van-Dal and Bouallou, 2012; Van-Dal and Bouallou, 2013; webpage of CRI, accessed 24.02.2014)
Flowsheet simulations
Methanol
Electricity
H2O
O2
H2
WATER
HYDROLYSIS
H2
CO2
COMP2
Methanol
reactor
Conditioning
system
Purge
Residual
gases
Distillation
column
H2O
METHANOL SYNTHESIS
COMP1
HE1
COND
REB
Flash1
Flash2
COMP3
HE2
HE3
COMP4
Flash3
ACCELERATED AQUEOUS CARBONATION OF FLY ASH
H2O
Fly ash
CO2
COMP1
PumpCarbonation
reactor
CO2
Recycles
Crusher
Filter
CaCO3 - rich
fly ash
H2O
(Purge)H2O
HE1HE2
HE1-HE2
COMP2
Flash1
Flash2
Purge 2Purge 1
Accelerated
aqueous
carbonation of
fly ash
Methanol
synthesis
Preliminary results
KPIs Renewable
methanol
Mineral
carbonation
Product purity (%wt) 88 (of CH3OH) 6 (of CaCO3)
CO2 converted in the reactor (%) 27 17
Total CO2 recycled and converted (%) 94 82
Selectivity 33.7 -
Heat duty (MWh/tCO2used) 1.47 (cooling needs) 1.57 (cooling) , 8.18
(heating)
Electricity requirement (MWh/tCO2used) 8.08 1.28
CO2 emissions (tCO2/tCO2used) 6.5 (0.3 without electrolysis) 1.3
CAPEX (MEUR2010/(tCO2used/h)) 1.98 65.5
Conclusions
• CCU has the potential to decrease power plant and heavy industry CO2
emissions.
• CCU can contribute on CO2 emissions reduction, however at a small scale.
• Methanol synthesis, urea production, formic acid production, polymers
synthesis and mineralisation seem to be the most promising pathways for
Europe.
• Economic and environmental impact will be evaluated as KPIs.
• Competition with conventional processes should not be overlooked.
• Market analysis will be performed (horizon 2030).
