proposal (part 1) abc

8/11/2019 Proposal (Part 1) abc

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NADIA NUR AFIQAH BINTI ISMAILFSTPi, UTHM



What is a proposal?



Proposal…

• An offer to do something orrecommendation that something bedone.

• A general purpose – to PERSUADE readersto improve conditions, authorise work ona project, accept a service or product, orsupport a plan for solving a problem ordoing a job.



Questions tobe

addressed byresearchproposals

How are yougoing to do

it?

Why you

want to doit?

What do youplan to

accomplish?What do youwant to do?

For whom isthe proposal

intended?

What is thesubject of

theproposal?



TYPES OF PROPOSAL

Internal orExternal

Solicited orUnsolicited



INTERNAL OR EXTERNAL

INTERNAL:• proposals written to someone within your

organization (a government unit/agency,

a business, a private office etc).

• Ex: when a training officer proposes to

the Human Resource Department of thecompany the need to do analysis for thestaff to decide the kind of trainingneeded.



EXTERNAL:

•

Written by one separate, independentorganization or individual for anotherparty or organization.

• Ex; when an independent consultantproposes the latest computer processingsystem for another firm.



SOLICITED OR UNSOLICITED

SOLICITED:

•

designed based on a request made by therecipient of the proposals.

•

Ex; when a firm requests for a proposalsthrough the mail or publish in the media.



UNSOLICITED:

• those that are not requested by any recipient.

• they are to convince the recipient that there is aproblem or need to be address.

• Ex; when a party proposes a new computerizedsystem to replace an old manually operated onebeing used by a company.



PREPARING A PROPOSAL

Identifying a topic

Narrowing a topic

Forming a thesis statement



IDENTIFYING A TOPIC

Generally, the main objective of implementing asurvey research is to solve a problem which hasbeen observed or identified.

In technical writing, the problem can be initiated bya query of what and how things occur.

Choose topic that reflects your interest andunderstanding.



NARROWING A TOPIC

The English Language Proficiency among Malaysian

A poor standard of English language proficiency amongstudent



CONTINUE….

A poor standard of English language proficiency amongUTHM diploma students

Factors that contribute to the poor standard ofEnglish language proficiency among UTHM diploma

students



Example:

Weak title: Three Plays by A. Samad Said

Better title: A Comparison of FemaleCharacters in Three Plays by A. Samad Said



The titles below are considered as weak titles in research

study. Redo the titles so that they can become better titles fora research proposal.

Improving English Education in Primary Schools

Accidents Rate in Kuala LumpurParticipation in Sports among StudentsVandalism

The Use of Hand Phones



KEY ELEMENTS IN A PROPOSAL

IntroductionBackground of studyStatement of problem

ObjectivesSignificance of the studyLimitation of the studyMethodology



Components of a proposal

http://d/UTHM/UWB%2020302%20(TECH%20WRITING)/MISS%20NADIA/4.%20PROPOSAL%20WRITING/COMPONENTS%20OF%20A%20PROPOSAL.doc

http://d/UTHM/UWB%2020302%20(TECH%20WRITING)/MISS%20NADIA/4.%20PROPOSAL%20WRITING/COMPONENTS%20OF%20A%20PROPOSAL.doc



1.0 I NTRODUCTION

The most important part of your proposal.If your introduction gets your audience'sattention, they will stay with you throughout

your proposal.An effective introduction discusses themeaningfulness of the study with presentationof problem or issue.

The introduction presents a background andstatement of context for your investigation.



TIPS

Begin with something interesting, e.g., a quote or story,

to capture the reader's interest.Introduce your question or curiosity. What is it that youwant to know or understand? How did you getinterested in the topic?Tell why there's a need for the study. Cite relevantliterature that calls for the need for the research in thisarea, or demonstrates the lack of attention to the topic.

In your own words, describe how you think this studywill be useful.Conclude the introduction with an overview of yourproposal.



EXAMPLE: INTRODUCTION

Parmjit, S (2004). e-Learning readinessamong staff of the Faculty of Education,Universiti Teknologi MARA

a brief description of what e-Learning is usage of e-Learning at large (from theliterature) a brief description of what this study willbe focusing on

-



1.1 B ACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Background of the study is the part of any researchwhere in the particular topic is placed.This may contain the general description , and mayinclude the broader description of the topic.Other include a brief preview of the topic to discuss.Explaining about the topic thoroughly from general tospecific.The history, as well as the latest developments in the

area, can also be part of the background of the study .



Title: Vandalism by Kejora University CollegeStudents.Background information:

Damaging the facilitiesToo much money is spent to repair the facilitiesDecrease the image of KUC in the eyes of the visitors andnew students

EXAMPLE



EXAMPLE OF BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_2/Background%20of%20the%20Study.doc

http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_2/Background%20of%20the%20Study.doc



1.2 S TATEMENT OF PROBLEMS

The most important aspect of a research proposal isthe clarity of the research problemIt should state what you will be studying , whetheryou will do it through experimental or non-

experimental investigation, and what the purposeof your findings will be .As a part of the Introduction, effective problemstatements answer the question “Why does this

research need to be conducted?”



TIPS

Give a short summary of the research problem

that you have identifiedA research proposal may not be consideredacceptable or credible if you fail to clearlyidentify the problemYour biggest difficulty might be narrowing thetopic since the topic is still relatively unfamiliar to you. Your Literature Review should be a

helpful source



IDENTIFYING THE PROBLEM

Issue or problem: __________________________________

What do I want to know: ___________________________

Who: _____________________________________________

Where: ___________________________________________

Why: _____________________________________________Other relevant matters: ____________________________

Problem statement:

___________________________________________________

___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________



EXAMPLE

Issue or problem: Smoking Campaign in Kejora University

CollegeWhat do I want to know: The effectiveness of the non-smokingcampaign

Who: Staff and students

Where: Kejora University CollegeWhy: To evaluate the campaign

Other relevant matters:Declaration of non-smoking environment, fine, warning, campaign,

posters, talks, etcMany still smoke and many new smokers among studentsEnvironmental problem



EXAMPLE

Problem statement:The number of staff and students who smoke on campus

is increasing. Different measures and actions taken to reducethe number of smokers on campus have failed. For example, acampaign was carried out to declare the campus a smoke-free

area. The purpose of the research is to determine theeffectiveness of the non-smoking campaign on smokers inKUC. The respondents of the research will be the staff andstudents of KUC. Smoking is a difficult habit to kick. Mostsmokers see themselves as macho while many new smokers

among students smoke because of peer pressure. What arethe opinions of the staff and students about the campaigns?And what are the effects of smoking on the environment?



Issue or problem: Declining participation in sports amongstudents

What do I want to know: ___________________________

Who: _____________________________________________

Where: ___________________________________________Why: _____________________________________________

Other relevant matters: ____________________________

Problem statement:

___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________

EXERCISES



Identify THREE (3) problems encountered in ParitRaja/Batu Pahat/Air Hitam areas.In class, discuss in your group:

Title

Background of the studyStatement of problem

CLASSROOM ACTIVITY

proposal (part 1) abc

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