prg 101/1/1 diary of arthur hardy south australia o … erisipelas is a bacterial skin infection. 10...

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PRG 101/1/1 Hardy diary 1838-40 transcript of 30

PRG 101/1/1 Diary of Arthur Hardy 27 Sept 1838 to 3 Jan 1840 covering his voyage to South Australia on the “Platina” and his pastoral and agricultural operations at section 335 on the Torrens (Paradise) Transcribed by Barbara Wall, Volunteer at the State Library of South Australia, 2012

Bound volume with ‘Arthur Hardy’s Diary, 1838 to 1840” affixed to spine.

[Pencil note on verso of flyleaf] Originally lent to Archives in Dec 1919 by Mr H. M. Hardy1, and incorporated in the collection in 1938, many years after Mr H. M. Hardy’s death. [page 1]

[added in pencil] See Cockburn’s “Pastoral Pioneers” vol 1, p.1542 and Papers relative to S

A (1843) p 74 [In box at bottom of page]

INDEX At end of volume [pages 2 and 3 blank]

[page 4 [Added in pencil] A. H. –– Born 3, May 1817 [In ink, and in Hardy’s handwriting, as is the whole diary]

Arthur Hardy 27th Sept. 1838 – [5th page of book, but numbered I by Hardy]

Journal 1838 Sept 27th I this day bid farewell to all my friends for many years & embarked on board the Barque “Platina” Captn Wellbank for South Australia. 28th Foggy – -I T3 got under weigh at 9 AM. & turned down to the top of Sea reach Anchored for the night. 29th Fine –. I T Got under weigh at 9 A.M. & turned down to abrest the Nore light Anchored for the Night. 30th S Fine– I T Got underweigh at 6 A.M. with wind at W.N.W. ran into Downs landed Pilot wrote to my mother turned in at 11 P M off Folkstone. Oct 1 Fine – I T Running down Channel. Arrived off Weymouth at night hove too till Morning. 2d Fine – I.T. Went into Weymouth at 10 0clock went on shore & found Hart & Lucas & others there dined on shore was introduced to Mr. Williams who came on shore with

1 Herbert Mansell Hardy (1856-1927 ) Arthur Hardy’s second son. 2 Pastoral Pioneers of South Australia (1925-27) by Rodney Cockburn (1877-1932). 3 This handwritten symbol, which cannot be accurately reproduced on a keyboard, and whose meaning has not

been able to be identified, occurs at the beginning of each entry until 9th June 1839.

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his family in the Evening, sailed at 11 A. M. round Portland Bill. struck slightly on rock. \wrote Cary. Papa. John. Gosanford [?]/ 3d Fine –I T continued running down channel. took our departure from the start at Noon. 4th Fine – I T Pain in chest. continued with a fair wind [page 2]

Oct 5th Fine –. I T Pain in chest contind. Fair wind Lat 46°.32” N Long 10°.30’ W. 6th Showery –. I T Pain contind. fair wind Lat 44°.36’ N Long 12°. 36’ W. 7th S Fine –. I T Thermometer in Cabin 68 fair wind. Lat 42°.47’ N Long 14°.21’ W the pain in the chest having continued took 3 Calomel & Colocynth Pills 8th Stormy & Squalls –. I. T. Pain in chest contind Lat 40°.27’ N Long 16°.15’ W 9th Fine wind contind fair in the Evening had severe vomiting from the Pills which continued upwards of an hour & brot up a large quantity of blood which Mr Weston said was from the Stomach & not from the Lungs took ten drops Opium in Alum Water Lat 38. N Long 17°34 W 10th very fine the pain in the chest continues very violent in the Evening took some Arrow Root finished reading “Homeward Bound” Lat 35.40 N Lon 18.31 \rubbed in 3 drops of Croton Oil on chest./ 11th very fine – I T much better. fair wind. commenced reading Cunninghams Work on N S.W.4 took Arrow root. Lat 33°.22’ N Long 18°.56 W 12th Very fine – I T continue much better fair wind Lat 30°.40 Long 17° 13’ passed Palma one of the Canary Isles. 13th Very fine – I T Not quite so well. one of the Emigrants children died & was buried in the Evening Lat 28° 23’ N Long 18°.10’ W \Saw Herro

5 the most SW island of the Canaries./

14th S Very fine– I T Thermometer before breakfast 80° under the Awning. Service was performed on Deck. read W Fox’s “Right & Expediency”6 Lat 25°.57’ N Long 18°. – W [page 3. Across the top of pages 2 & 3 ] 1838 [This occurs on every two pages until 1839.]

Oct. 15 Very fine – I T finished reading Cunninghams N S Wales. crossed the Tropic of Cancer Lat 23°.22’ N Long 18° – -W. 16th Very fine – I T commenced reading Childe Harold7. recommenced smoking a pipe after breakfast. Lat 20°. 30’ N. Long 2 18°. 21’ 17th Very fine & hot – I T netting almost all day Lat 17°.24’N Long 18°.30’W. 18th Fine. very hot. – I T commenced reading Moore’s Account of Swan River8. between Cape De Verde & Africa Lat 15°.56’ N Long 18°40’ W 19th Fine but excessively hot – I T finished Moore’s work. got out & cleaned guns & pistols wound off 1 lb of twine Lat 14° 37’ N Long 18° 55’ W Calm almost all day saw Bonetas sharks etc. 20th Fine –. I T still warm. bathed at 5 A.M & found much benefit from it. in the Evening it was calm & the water was beautifully phosphorescent, the fish being more clearly visible than at day time some 8 to 10 feet long & like flashes of fire Lat 13°51’ Long 19°20’

4 Peter Miller Cunningham (1789-1864), Scottish naval surgeon and author, published Two Years in New South

Wales in 1827. 5 El Hierro is the smallest and farthest South and West of the Canary Islands. 6 William Johnson Fox (1786-1864) published On Right and Expediency 1838. 7 Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage, a long poem by George Gordon, Lord Byron (1788-1824) published between

1812 and 1818. 8 George Fletcher Moore (1798-1886) was a prominent early settler in Colonial Western Australia/

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21st S Very fine – I T Thermometer in Cabin 83 I this morning finished reading the Gospel of S. Matthew reading two chapters a day . I have before this attended service on deck with other persons but the service was so badly conducted that I determined to read in the Cabin; read Mr Fox’s 2 sermons on Providence. I bathed this morning Lat 13° 6’ N Long 19°. 25’W very light wind. [page 4]

Oct. 22d. Very fine & warm – I T bathed at 5 A.M. commenced another net for a chicken coop. wind continues fair but very light Lat 12° 12’ N Long 19° 48’ W. 23d Fine & warm – I T did not bathe this morning, finished net & went on with the large one. practised guitar for two hours Lat 11°.9’ – N Long 20°.28’ W steward was put in irons last night for drunkeness & contind in irons all today. 24th Showery – I T bathed this morning. a heavy squall came on at 10 A.M. wind came foul saw sevl ships in Evening spoke “Upton Castle” from London to Bombay she sailed from Gravesend 1 Oct. & Madeira 14th Lat 10°.35’ N Long 20° – W. 25th Dull hazy weather –. I T bad sore throat & cold dis bathed wind continues foul. the Steward was released. Lat 10°. 34’ N Long 19°46’ W 26 Very fine & hot –. I T did not bathe. one of the steerage passengers a young woman died last night of low fever. she was buried this morning saw a shark today who nibbled sevl times but would not take the bait. Took a row in the Gig Lat 10°26’Long 19°5’. sore throat continues bad I have for sevl days been suffering from spontans Erisipilas9 in the face. taking Glauber salts10 & Lime juice – 27th Very fine 5° did not bathe. cold better & erisipelas disappearing. took glauber salts & smoked. the wind came fair again last night & continues so today Lat 8°43’ N Long 18°.46’ W [page 5]

28th S Squally – I T Thermometer in shade 80°. Soon after midnight last night I was aroused by a disturbance on deck & found that the crew had mutinied & refused to do any duty every appearance of a heavy squall. got out the pistols and loaded them & the Captn & Officers with the assistance of the passengers secured the crew: in the morning they expressed themselves sorry for what they had done & the Captn forgave them & they have returned to their duty. the wind has come foul & we have lost about 12 hours of a fair fresh breeze. read one of Mr Fox’s Sermons. took salts & smoked Lat 7°.7’ N Long 18°.46’ W did not bathe. 29th fine with squalls 5c I T a homeward bound ship passed in the night but the Watch did not tell the Captn or we might have spoken her & sent letters wrote to be ready for any other to Papa – Lat 7°.3’ N Long 17°.17’ W From this day my connection with the Meymotts ceases 30th fine with squalls & light variable winds. – I T read “A month in the Bush”11 – saw a shark but he would not bite – Lat 6°.45’ N Long. 17° 15’ W 31st fine & showers. calm –. I T read Shakepeare’s “Winters tale” not much pleased with it. plot very common place. wrote to M. H.H. Lat 6°.35’ N Long 17°.14’ W Novr. 1st Warm with heavy showers –. I T The cargo from the after hold was got out & restowed Lat 6°.20’ N Long 17° 17’W saw a sail on the Lea quarter . 10 miles 2d Warm with showers – .I T Another of the Emigrants children died & was buried

9 Erisipelas is a bacterial skin infection. 10 Glauber Salt is the hydrate of sodium sulphate 11 Thomas Walker (1804-1886) was a merchant, banker and benefactor, born in Scotland, who rode overland

from Sydney to Melbourne. His journal A Month in the Bush in Australia was published anonymously in London

in 1838.

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[page 6]

Nov 2d contind worked some Logarithms – got some linen washed. Lat. 6°.9’ Long. 3d Heavy rain all day – I T read part of Lang’s12 account of N.S.W. no observation. 4th S Showery & find afterwards – I T wind still baffling with calms Thermo 79° Lat 5°19’ N Long 16°.14’W. worked ships course. 5th Fine but calm & hot.– I T worked Latitude & Long. read part of Langs acct of N.S.W. Lat 5°9’ N Long 16°.10’ W set papers to rights &c. 6th Fine calm & hot – I T finished Langs acct of N.S. Wales. bought a hammock from Captn slung it under Mizen boom & found it comfortable & cool in the heat of the day walked two miles after tea. Lat 5°: – N Long 16° 18’ W. 7th Fine with heavy squalls of rain – I T bathed again this morning & walked a mile before breakfast. worked some thorough Bass. no observation 8th Heavy rain all day – I T taken ill with Bilious fever took 3 Cal & Colocynth pills in Evening. No observation. 9th Fine & warm – I T not much better laid in hammock under Mizen boom all day read part of Hillyards work on Agriculture13. In the Evening \at 8½ h../ saw a most beautiful meteor, the Captn & all on board said that tho’ they had often seen them before they had never seen anything half so fine ; it appeared like a ball of greenish fire 8 or 9 Inc in diameter with a tail about 6 ft long of yellow & red sparks it rose in the North & passed quite over to the South at about an angle of 70° shewing an intense light [page 7]

Lat 4°.36’ N Long 17°. 15’ W. 10th Fine very warm – . I T not much better. finished Hillyards work. Lat 4°.12’ N Long 17°.47’ W. 11th S Showery – . I T No better finished Blakelock on sheep. took quinine Sulf Acid Lat 4° -‘ N Long 15°.9’ W– 12th Dull weather – I T rather better today Erisipelas14 gone. No observation the clouds have been particularly beautiful the last few evenings as has also the lightning. commenced Defoe’s Histy of the Plague. 13th Fine fresh breeze from the S.E. –. I T The Captn supposes we are now in the regular Trades. We all sincerely hope so, it being 3 weeks that we have had calms & light baffling winds. I am getting better now. Lat 3°.22’ N Long 18°.41’W. 14th Fine fresh breeze – I T every appearance of the wind conting. finished Defoe’s Histy of the Plague. netted for some time much better in health Lat 1°.57’ N Long 20° 42’ W. 15th Fine less wind – I T netted. read the Panc [?] Sun. In the Eveng Neptune came on board with his wife after having hailed the ship, their Majesties came into the Cabin & took a glass of wine after which they took their departure in their boat & showed a light which continued to be seen very brilliantly for nearly two hours it being seen from the Main top gallant top long after being lost from the Deck Lat 1°.9’ N Long 22°.30’ W.

12 Scotsman John Dunmore Lang (1799-1878) emigrated to Australia in 1822 and wrote An Historical and Statistical Account of New South Wales, both as a Penal Settlement and a British Colony on a voyage returning

to England. It was published in 1834. 13 Clark Hillyard Practical Farming and Grazing Northampton 1837. 14 Erysipilas, a skin infection.

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[page 8]

Novr 16th Very fine & pleasant weather -. I T A child was born this morning worked some Algebra & netted. We have this day crossed the Equator & are in Southern Latitude, a large ship is in sight to leeward standing the same way with ourselves. Lat -°.1’ South Long 23°.58’ W In the Eveng Neptune came on board again after having hailed the ship & the Captn ordered the Main yard to be put aback. he was attended by a band of Music & with his queen rode on a gun carriage. the men made themselves very merry in the Eveng

but were annoyed at not being allowd to shave. 17th Fine fresh breeze – . I T . five ships were in sight this morning we have at noon come nearly abrest 3 of them & have lost sight to of the 2 others. I smoked a cigar in the Main top. netted & read the Newspaper. Lat 1°16’ S Lon 25°37’s 18th S. fine –. I T one of the children of Mr Rede an intermediate passenger died & was buried this morning making the fourth death – I have not been so well yesterday & today Lat 2°.25’ S Long 27° 6’ W. read Mr Fox’s Lecture on the 3 Ideas of Christianity15 & a Sermon by Biddulph16 lent me by Mr Williams it was I thought very common place & aptly illustrated Mr Fox’s lecture as to the intolerant spirit of the Established Church & its similarity to Catholicism. 19th Very fine & fresh breeze –. I T I am not nearly so well today. we are making a better course. netted a good deal Lat 3°.51’ S Long 28°.30’ W. 20th Very fine & fresh breezes –. I T Not better today. Netted. Lat 5°46’ S Long 29° 50’ W. [page 9]

Novr 21st Fine & fresh breeze.–. I T rather better today. a large ship homeward bound was seen about 10 miles to Leeward at Sundown last night. Netted Lat 7°53’ S Long 30°47’W. 22d Cloudy, fine breezes, & squalls –. I T still getting better. Another large homeward bd ship met us yesterday afternoon about 10 miles to Windward. Another of Mr Rede’s children died last night & was buried this morning \5th death/ Netted & Commenced Voltaires Histy of Charles XII Lat 10°. 20’ S Long 31°.22’ W. 23d Fine fresh breezes . – I T better today. Netted & read. Lat 12°.54’ S Long 31°.35’W. 24th Fine & fresh trades – I T getting better. netted & read [This is followed by a sentence in shorthand.]17 Lat 15°.39’ S Long 31°.-‘ W.

25th S. Cloudy. fresh trades –. I T Thermor 78. Yesterday afternoon the infant born on the 16th died & in the Eveng the mother died also making the 6th & 7th deaths. they were both buried in the Eveng. One of the Sailors has struck a large Porpoise with a harpoon it is the first fish taken & they seem to enjoy it very much. Read one of Mr Fox’s Sermons. for New years day & to the Young. “Do as you would be done by” I liked it very much. finished Voltaires Histy of Char XII & was pleased with it. Lat 17°.59’ S Long 30°.18’W 26th Fine & moderate breeze – I T set my papers to rights & got my accounts all made up. Lat 19°.52’ S Long 29°.15’W. at 2 P.M. we made the Island of Trinidad & came up to it in the Evening. It was a very beautiful sight particularly by moonlight. it is a very bold & precipitous rock with scarcely any verdure.

15 William Johnson Fox (1786-1864) The Three Ideas of Christianity London, 1838. 16 Thomas Tregenna Biddulph. 17 The first version of Pittman’s Shorthand was published in 1837. There were earlier shorthands. Dickens was

taking down parliamentary debates in shorthand in 1829.

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[page 10]

Novr 27th Fine – I T At daylight Trinidad was right out of sight. it is warm. we saw the sun today at an altitude of 89° the greatest we shall see it. struck a porpoise & killed it but it fell from the hook in getting on board Lat 21°.44’ S Lon 28°.15’W 28th Fine. light breeze – I T Copied my sketch of Trinidad. Lat 23°.28’ S Long 27°.3’ W 29th Showery. strong breezes & squalls – I T netted. wound off 1lb of string Lat 25°.45’ S Long 28°.44’ W 30th Fine. light breeze –. I T lined some music paper for Miss Williams Lat 27°10’S long 24°.1’ W. Decr 1st Fine. Scarcely any wind –. I T read the account of the Wood Engravings in the London & Westr Review, I was very much pleased with it. Mr Piddington gave me 2 very find potatoes for seed got a bag made & hung them up. Lat 28°.23’ S Lon 22° 23’W 2d S Fine. light airs –. I T Thermometer 76°. We have had a calm all yesterday afternoon this morning Mr Read has lost his last & 3rd child: it is buried & makes the 8th death it is a dreadful thing to have lost his whole family within a fortnight. – I read this morning in the London & West Review the “Courts of British Queens” & was much pleased with it. read two of Mr Fox’s sermons. Lat 29°.15’ S Long 21°.49’ W 3d Fine. light breeze –. I T Read the Review of Milnes18 Poems. rather liked them Lat 30° 25’ S Long 20°.55’ W 4th Fine. light breeze –. I T rather more wind Lat 31°.49’ S Long 19°.43’ W– 5th Fine. light breeze – . I T We have lost another of the Steerage children making the 9 th death its name was Scholar. read the Review on Domestic service. In the Eveng a heavy squall carried away maintopmast stud sail Boom Lat 32°.58’ S Long 18°.30’ W. 6th Strong Wind & heavy Sea – . I T Read the Review on the Tower. the wind has come [page 11]

Decr round to S S E & it seems very cold Thermor 64. we have all put on warm things. It is Alfreds birthday & we have had his health to drink over & over again, I wish he had been here. Lat 33°.8’ S Long 17°30’ W. 7th Fine & fresh breeze – . I T the wind has come round to the Westward this morning about 8 A.M. & is freshening Lat 33°.44’ S Long 16°.53’ W saw sevl Whales & Albatrosses 8th Fine but cloudy. strong hard breeze – . I T a great many albatrosses in sight Lat 34°54 S L 14°6’ 9th S Cloudy. less wind.–. I T Thermr 57°. There is a very heavy swell. This morning a large barque passed us, we exchanged colours. We suppose her to be the Therese Convict Ship which was laying ahead of us at Deptford Lat 35°.20’ S Long 11°.14’ W. 10th Fine – . I T it has been calm nearly all day. heavy swell & not so cold. Lat 35°.14’ S Long 9°.35’ W. 11th Fine & fresh breeze – . I T last night I saw the constellation of the Southern Cross in great beauty it is situated exactly under one of the Magellan Clouds19 Lat 35°10’ S Long 6.17 W. 12th Very fine & fresh breeze – . I T the wind continues fair Lat 35°.11’ S Long 2°.41’ W. the wind being nearly aft & very fresh drives the spray forwards from the Bows & the Sun shining thro’ it produces most beautiful rainbows some apparently a great distance under the surface. I suppose that these must be similar to those seen under the falls of Niagara.

18 Possibly Simple Poems on Simple Subjects by Christian Milne, Aberdeen 1805. 19 The two Magellanic or Magellan Clouds (Nubeculae Magellan) are irregular dwarf galaxies visible in the

southern hemisphere.

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13th Cloudy strong hard wind & squalls – I T the ship is right before the wind & rolls very heavily yesterday afternoon we carried away flying jib boom & fore lower Stud sail boom. saw a Whaler hove too abot 10 miles to leeward Lat 35°.5’ S Long -°.46’ East 14th strong winds & cloudy am. I T ship rolls less. Lat 34°.46’ S Long 4°.31’ E. [page 12]

Decr 15th Very fine & increasing breeze – . I T less wind in fore part of day Lat 34°.41’ S Long 6°.51’ E 16th S Cloudy weather, fresh breeze – . I T Thermr 66° Lat 34°.24’S Long 10°.22’ E 17th Cloudy & squalls with rain – . I T I was not so well this morning having considerable pain in my chest but I am better now. Lat 34°.13’ S Long 13°. –‘ E 18th fine less wind – . I T Saw sevl ships homeward bound & one ahead going the same course as ourselves. Lat 34°.4’ s Long W16°.20’ E. In the afternoon we were delighted with the cry of “Land,’Land”– all hands looking out & there the Table land was plain enough right ahead – 19th Fine & warm – . I T Sailed into Table Bay & came to an anchor & after being visited by the Port Surgeon Captn Dawson of Mr Weedings ship “Sarah” came on board & took me on shore, when I presented my letter to Messrs Simpson & then engaged a room at Mrs Eyres Boarding House. I went on board again to fetch clothes &c I dined at Mrs Eyres (very good dinner) I met there int alia a Mrs Rawlings & Mrs & Miss Oneil passengers pr “John Fleming” from Bengal, they were very pleasant people. Mrs Rawlings has a very fine voice & sings very nicely. had a hard Bed – 20th Fine & very warm – . I T had some music after breakfast & went to Simpsons partner Mr Hamel who went round with me for several hours purchasing things took Tiffen with him. called on & introduced myself to Mr Ebden. I like the place much better than I did at first. the view from Villets is very pretty dined at Mrs Eyres, Mrs Rawlings (the charming woman) sang all the Evening. [page 13]

Decr 21st Fine & very warm –. I T went to Ebdens & on board the ship took tiffen at Mrs Eyres & went with Mrs Rawlings & the Oneils to the Government Gardens& the Baron Ludwigs gardens – & afterwards to old Villets. dined at Hamets in the Evening 22d Very fine but hot, a fiery South Easter –. I T the sky is a clear deep blue & the sun makes every place like an oven – called at Simpsons & Ebdens & returnd to Mrs Eyres to Tiffen went with Mrs Rawlins for a walk to Villets & other places, after dinner called on the Williams who were staying at Morrisons – had some more music singing by Mrs Rawlings for the last time, accompanied her & the Oneils to their ship the “John Fleming” I did not think it a particularly delightful ship. returned on shore & slept at Mrs Eyres – Best friends must part – 23d S Fine not so hot –. I T Got some Coolies to take my things from Simpsons to the Boat – went for a drive with Mr Weston to the Custom House Wynburg & called at Ebdens Fine house not well furnished – Mr W dined & staid all night with me – 24th Showery but cooler – . the Captn called at 7 to say he was getting under weigh got breakfast & bidding good bye to the Cape went on board, went to a Spanish ship & bought a Manilla Hat – we got underweigh at 12 & left the “John Fleming” still in the Bay. It is Williams Birthday drank his health. I do not feel very well. On the whole I was much pleased with Cape Town it is picturesque but very hot, dusty & expensive, the houses & streets are laid out in the Dutch style fine lofty rooms & stoops outside whence “She Stoops to conquer–“20 received its name – The country is

20 She Stoops to Conquer, a comedy by Irish author Oliver Goldsmith, was first performed in 1773. The ‘stoops’

refers to the heroine’s pretending to be a maid and has nothing to do with Dutch stoops.

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[page 14]

very pretty especially the long Avenues of Oaks – I was much amused with the long trains of bullock 18 & 22 to a waggon – On The Table Mountain is very fine, we saw it extreemly clear in the South Easter. Buono Giorno, Buona speranza. Decr 25 Christmas day . cold but fine dv I T we have been beating along in sight of the Table Land “holding our own only” exchanged colours with an English Man of War. 26th Fine turned from Westward latterly – . I T made a long board to the Westward & then went about & laid our course S & by E much better today. Lat 34°.44’ S Long 19°.32’ E 27th Fine & warm – . I T saw a large man of War yesterday, today we have doubled the Cape of Good Hope. Saw Cape D’Agulhas Lat 35°.17’ S Long 19°40’ E 28th Fine – . I T saw & spoke the Ketch Swallow bound to London & saw a large ship to leeward. we have had a South Easter for several days during all which time there has been the most splendid sky I ever saw, clear dark blue with a violet tinge round the Sun. Lat 36°.30’ S Long 19°.27’ E. 29th Very fine, not so warm – . I T The wind has come round to the S.W. Lat 37°.25’ S Long 20°40’ E 30th S Fine. cool – . I T . spoke an American Whaler Bound in to the Cape wrote M H H by him; gave him some vegitables &c. Lat 38°2’ S Long 23°.8’ E Thermr 63° 31st Cloudy & fine breeze – . I T We are making more Southing. a Brig was in sight all the afternoon standing the same way as ourselves Lat 39°.10’ S Long 24°. 2’ E 1839 Jany 1st cloudy & hard wind – . I T the new year has commenced with heavy blowing weather from E by N. double reefed topsails, down royal yards & masts [page 15]

in morning the wind came light & right aft. heavy sea. Lat 39°.40’ S Long 26.15 E. Jany 2d Fine with squalls & rain – . I T In morning a heavy squall struck us, carried away lower stud sail boom – & blew to ribbons the main royal the main topgallant stud sail the main top stud sail & foretopgallant stud sail & slightly injured some other sails – let go all & afterwards made sail again. Lat 40°.17’ S Long 28°.23’ E 3d Fine & fresh breeze – . I T I have not been so well this day or two Lat 40°.23’ S Lo 32°.33’ 4th Fine [. . .] I T/ venous – saw several whales this morning Lat 40°.34’ S Long 34°.56 E. 5th Strong hard wind & squalls – . I T at 11 last night it commenced blowing a gale of wind which lasted for several hours with Thunder & vivid lightning & heavy rain & the wet came thro’ into most of the Cabins but not into mine. closed reefed topsails were all she could send under. the sea continues high. Lat 41°.6’ S Long 38.17 E. 6th S Fine but cold – . I T Struck a porpoise & got it on board. Lat 41°.9’ S Long 41°.48’ E Thermr 57° 7th Fine at first rainy afterwds – . I T We have this morning had our first really hard gale of wind, the Sea was very grand, really in mountains. it blew away the foresail & the wind being fair we scudded under close reefed topsails. No observation. 8th Fine but cold – . I T weather more moderate Lat 40°.36’ S Long 49°.15’ E 9th Fine – . I We got a white nosed porpoise & a fine young albatross today, we got several other Albatrosses but lost them in getting them in. At night we saw sevl fish called “Bright Eyes” they are flat & horny about 18 Inc in diameter & 2 Inc thick with fins & tail like a porpoise Lat 41°.15’ S Long 51°.38’ E.

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[page 16]

Jany 10th Heavy gales & fine – . I T We have had seas over us continually all day but we do not care for it as it is taking us along at a capital rate, under 2 reefed main & foretopsail & reefed foresail Lat 41°.55’ S Long 56°.27’ E 11th Gales & rain – . I the weather of yesterday contind all the afternoon carried away foretopsail at midnight the wind suddenly shifted to the Southward & she rolled tremendously Mr Rodgers insisted that the ship was upside down & wished for a candle to see I wonder whether he lighted the candle the wrong way Lat 41°.44’ S Long 59°.43’ E 12th Fine – . I T The rain cleared off in the Eveng & in the morning the wind moderated. dried wet clothes &c. made sevl extracts from Cape Almanac Cotton Linseed &c Lat 41°.- S Long 61°.20’ E 13th S Fine & more moderate – . I T \Thermr 65/ read “the Great South Land“21 & pamphlets. Lat 40°.51’ S Long 64°.18’ E 14th Fine. strong wind – . I T the sea is running very high we have shipped the first regular [?] Sea today it came boiling over the Gangway no harm done Lat 40°.42’ S Long 68°.25’ E 15th Fine – . I T The wind continues fresh & the sea high Lat 40°. 28’ S Long 72°.1’ E 16th Fine – . I T Wind has moderated & sea going down Lat 40°.25’ S Long 75°.8’ E 17th Fine – . I T Scarcely any wind . heavy swell. killed 2 Albatrosses Lat 40°17’ S Long 77°.30’ E 18th Very fine – . I T Rather more wind – but getting to Eastward Lat 40°.22’ S Long 79°.29’ E 19th Very fine – . I T In the Evening there was the most beautiful sunset I ever saw the sun set in a dense bank of clouds about 5 deg high & having a sharp clear ouline like the horizon. There were scarcely any clouds but the sky was composed of most beautiful colours encircled [?] by a dense blue we passed St Pauls22 yesterday it is supposed. No observation. [page 17]

Jany 20th S Cold – . I T Thermr 63° fresh breeze. hazy & rain – No observation 21st Rain & cold – I T dirty weather strong breeze double reefed topsails No observation. 22d Very fine – I T the weather has cleared up & Sea gone down Lat 40°.39’ S Long 92°.60’ E 23d Very fine – I T the weather continues fine. I begin to think the Steward is mad. Lat 40°.11’ S Long 96°.9’E 24th Fine – I T We have today passed the 100th degree of E long. Lat 39°.54’ S Long 100°.7’ E 25th Cloudy – I T The wind is dying away – pleasant weather Lat 40°3’ S Long 103°.25’ E 26th Fine & Showers – I T fresh variable wind Lat 40°.10’ s Long 106°.2’ E. 27th S cold & rain – I T Therm 59° strong wind. Not very well in chest. Lat 40° .10’ S Long 109°.24’ E – 28th Very cold – I T Strong hard wind – No better today Lat 39°.54’ S Long 113°.28’ E 29th Cold – I T Blowing very hard, in the night the ship got taken aback & we were very nearly all lost the Captn was on deck instantly & the ship luckily paid off. it has been

21 The Great South Land ‘Four articles on emigration, designed to exhibit the principles and progress of the new

colony of South Australia’ by William Smillie, E Johnstone, 1838. 22 Île Saint-Paul is an island forming part of the French Southern and Antarctic Lands in the southern Indian

Ocean.

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the most uncomfortable night since I have been on board the wet coming in in several places & the sea running right over the poop. Lat 40°.6’ S Long 116°.55’ E 30th Cold – I T more moderate, in the morning quite calm. rather better Lat S Long E 31st Fine – I T calm & light winds – finished my tent Lat S Long E Feby 1st Very warm – I T very light winds all day Lat S Long E 2d Cloudy – I T wind from E b N. little of it took an Albatross Lat S Long E 3d S Fine – I T Thermt 61° began reading again Earnest Maltravers23. I think it the best work of the kind I ever read, it has more of the Philosophy of real life than any book I know of & its morality I think very good. Lat S Long E [page 18] Feby 4th Fine– I T light winds. took an albatross Lat S Long E– 5th Fine – I T light winds & calm Lat S Long E. 6th Rainy – I T light variable winds, not making much progress. Lat S Long E. 7th Very fine – I T This has been one of the most splendid days since leaving England. Got the Anchors over the bows & the Cables roused up & bent as we expect to make the land tomorrow morning, made a case for my desk. Lat S Long E. 8th Very fine – I T we were delighted this morning with the cry of “Land” it proved to be W. end of Kangaroo Island we hauled up for Endeavours Straits & are about half way thro’ the land appeared at first as tho’ there was an opening betn the N & S ends which we steered for but had to haul up to the Northward. The land has the appearance of the cliffs at Robin Hoods Bay we have seen Gambiers & Althorps Islands. 9th Very fine – I T At daylight we were delighted with a view of the Main land of South Australia, the coast of Gulf St Vincent is beautifully wooded with tolerably high cliffs of a red clayey formation appearing like the Alum cliffs at Robin Hoods Bay24. The country rises in undulating hills lightly wooded & looking very brown, but this is the worst time of the year We made Holdfast Bay at about 1 A. M.& came to an anchor when a whale boat came off & took myself & the mails ashore thro’ a tremendous surf. Mr Fisher was on the beach & I was introduced to him he kindly walked half way up to the town with me & there got me a horse on which I rode up to the town where I found Alfred25 & that [page 19]

he was married. I am glad to find it so for he has made choice of a wife who will I think make him happy & who I like very much, I was introduced to Mr & Miss Newenham Alfred’s father & sister in law I like them very much – & I was introduced to Louisa’s brother also who called in the Evening. Alfred has a small but nice cottage & garden well fenced & I can see no reason why he should not be as happy as the day is long & I am fervently hope they may be so. From his account the land is increasing much in value. 10th S Very fine & hot – I T strong hard wind & very dusty. After breakfast walked with Alfred round the town & to look at my town acres26. the town is more built on than I

23 Ernest Maltravers a novel published in 1837 by Edward Bulwer Lytton, 1803-1873, an immensely popular

English politician, poet, playwright and novelist. 24 Robin Hood’s Bay is a bay and small village on the North Coast of Yorkshire. 25 Alfred Hardy (c.1814-1870), older brother of Arthur, arrived in South Australia on the Cygnet in 1836. He

married Mary Louisa Newenham on 26 January 1839. 26 Town acres for A. Hardy were 1: 675 on South Terrace, second block east from Hanson (now Pulteney) street

and 2: 1026 in North Adelaide on the south east corner of Brougham Place and Stanley Street.

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had expected. There is no view of the sea from it, the trees are very little cut down yet went with Alfred & Louisa & called on Mrs Newenham 11th Very fine – I T Went to Holdfast Bay & on board the ship brought up Mewett27 and his family & pitched a tent for them in the garden 12th Very fine – I T called on the Govr who was out. called on Mr Newenham who went with me to the Bank dined at Alfreds. 13th Very fine – I T Went to Bank & called on Mrs Morphett: 14th Very hot – I T Went to Bank & land office called on Govr put advertisement in the Gazette to let land. called on Mr Watts. 15th Very hot – I T called on Mr Hack & got a letter from him to a Mr Stuart who has some sheep for sale looked at them they were not good & were sold. put [page 20]

Feby15 advertisement in Southern Australian 16th Very hot – I T Went to Port & saw the Captn cod not get to ship but made an arrangemt for receg the “tin” on Monday Morng dined at Anthonys, very good dinner returned to town & went to a party at Mrs Nixons 17th S Cooler – I T walked out & saw my land & was better pleased with it than I had expected 18th Fine & warm – I T went to Port & on board the ship with the Captn staid on board all day packing up & was much annoyed by Mosquitoes in the Evening 19th Fine – I T came on shore with the Captn who brot the specie28, I was much annoyed to find that he had brot a box of shot instead of my case. brot some things up to town. 20th Fine – I T Went to Port & recd a case of specie brot it up to town & deposited it at the Bank. called on Mr Newenham & Mrs Nixon met Mr Williams & considered as to chartering a vessel to Port Phillip for sheep which Mr Russelll recommended. 21st Fine – I T Chartered the Brig Adelaide with Mr Williams, but having heard of some sheep for sale I went with Mr Jones to Holdfast Bay to board the Brig & aftwds

transferred the charter at Mr Hacks as I had been told there was great risk in bringing up sheep & Mr Stevens at the Bank advised us to buy those of Mr Jones. 22d Fine n – I T called on Mr Russell & Mr Newenham went with Mr Jones to Bank & transferred the dollars to him in part payment for the sheep He gave a [page 21]

Feby 22 rect for them & signed an agreement to sell the sheep & a warranty & it was arranged we should take possession in a fortnight. In the Eveng I went to a Party at Mr Newenhams & met the Judge Mr Jickling a pleasant intelligent & well informed man29 met Mr Bernard30 also. had a pleasant evening. 23d Very hot – I T This day has been more uncomfortably hot than any day since I have been here Thermr in house 110° called on Dr Bright Mr Howard Mr Jickling Mrs Williams Mr Newenham & Mrs Stokes went to Mrs Nixon’s in the Evening. 24th S Warm – I T Started this morning with Mr F Nixon to go to Mount Barker to look at the sheep we had bought & which were 20 miles up the Country. The country is tremendously hilly when near Mount Lofty but very picturesque, precipitous ravines hundreds of feet deep with trees in the ledges, like what I imagine the scenery on the Rhine (Drackenfells)31. We got to Crafers Hotel (past the tiers & at the foot of Mount

27 Mewett was a shepherd whom Hardy had brought with him from England. His family accompanied him. 28 coined money. 29 Henry Jickling was Judge of the Supreme Court of South Australia from November 1837 to March 1839. 30 The Honorable Robert Bernard, Advocate General. 31 Drachenfels is a mountain in Germany.

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Lofty) by one oclock when where we lunched & then pushed on, the whole country from then to the Angas river (but which I believe to be the Onkaparinga) is a descent but formed of extreemly steep & stony ridges each one rather lower than the preceeding & very thickly wooded the land good for nothing but the timber. When we got to the River Mr Nixon said he knew a short cut thro’ the woods & away we started but lost ourselves nearly two hours but steering by my pocket compass bro t us out to the Australian Coys station, it is situated in the finest valley for pasturage I have yet seen & in branches of the same valley are [page 22]

Feby 24 Mr Hacks & Captn Finnis stations & Mr Nixons camp to wch we got just before dark & I staid there all night as no one knew the place I wanted to go to, played 2 games chess with Nixon & then turned in on the ground saw Mr Pullen there who had just arrived overland from Portland bay, pleasant sort of a man. 25th Fog & rain all day – I T After breakfast rode to Captn Finnis to ask the way but he was not at his station & so had to ride back as far as the Cattle Coys 6 miles saw their dairy wch is cool & well situated on the Banks of the Onkaparinga rode to Mr Finnis station and got some lunch then rode to Mr Jones where I found Mr Williams shepherd & my own looked over the sheep the wethers are very good & some of the Ewes are very good. turned in at 8 rather tired. 26th Showery – I T Up with the sun looked over the sheep went out & tried to shoot some parrots but cod not get near any tho’ there were thousands red green & black Walked to Finnis the valley is not so good as that in which Mr Hacks station is rode to the cattle Coys station & on home to Adelaide called on Mr Bernard & was introduced to Mr Wyatt who I liked. spent evening at home, very tired. 27th Cloudy & cool – I T walked with Louisa to Grumbleton & called at Bank, on Mrs Williams Dr Bright Mr Jickling & Mr Wyatt Emily dined with us today had 2 loads of goods from the Port The brick foundation for hoe is finished today. 28th Fine – I T Went to Port & had to remain there all day as no boat went off to the ship dined at Anthonys. In Eveng Captn came ashore & took me off – slept on board [page 23]

March 1 Very fine & cool – I T a most delightful day – packed up my things got them in to the long Boat & then went on shore in the gig32 saw the things landed & went to the town in the Eveng, introduced myself to Mr Bryan a friend of Mr Jicklings at the Port 2d Very fine – I T called on Mr Williams & went about with him to the Bank & other places dined at home – had 3 loads of goods from Port. 3d S Very fine – I T staid at home all day & unpacked some things. 4th Showery – I T got my drawers stowed & set the people to work to put up my house Mr Stephens called & wished me to take some land of his but it would not suit 5th Fine – I T employed all day superintending putting up hoe. 6th Fine – I T employed superintending putting up hoe called on Mr Williams in Eveng called on Allan & fixed to take chge of sheep on Monday instead of Friday next 7th Showery & cooler – I T employed at hoe Saw Mr Williams & called on Allan, called on Mr Morphett & bought 100 yds fold netting for £10. spent Eveng at Mrs Newenhams. 8th Rainy & cold – I T employed at hoe called on Allan & Mr Newenham. bought a horse [?] for £60:10: – wrote to Butler & 3 other letters.

32 A boat reserved for the ship’s captain.

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9th Fine & cool – I T went to Mr Williams & Russells, sent Mewett up to Mount Barker in the Eveng went to Mrs Newenhams & played some duetts with Emily, I was surprised I had not forgotten more of them. 10th S Very fine – I T After breakfast rode with Mr Newenham to his land under the hills from thence we struck thro’ the Bush & made the Torrens we followed it up [page 24]

March 10 contd to nearly where it enters into the mountains, the country is very fine. I cod not see much sheep feed but I saw a great many flocks & in most capital condition so much so that I am determined to move there – We rode thro’ the Bush to Mr Malpass station & dined there & then rode in & took tea at Mr Newenhams (who accompd me home. 11th Very fine & cool – I T Up at 3 AM & went to Mr Allans (Mr Jones agent) who had promd to have the horses ready at that time it turned out that one more wanted shoeing & we cod not start till 8 when I started with Mr Williams & Allan for Mount Barker we lunched at Crafers and then rode on & got to Jones station at 2 PM. we counted & branded all the sheep & left the lambs for tomorrow, we dine at 7 In riding up I had a most narrow escape, the mare after leaping a gully ran away & we passed under sevl boughs so low that Mr Williams thot that I must have been killed, but I escaped. After dinner we sat round a blazing fire resting on our saddles it was a most picturesque sight, one fire with us lying round it & the other with the people & dogs by another fire & the woods in a dark circle round us & the sky a clear dense blue with its miriads of shining stars & the tents in the background reflecting the fire. turned in, in the tent also. tired. 12th Fine & cold – I T Up at 5 it was extreemly cold & a very heavy dew had fallen went for a walk for an hour & a half & shot some Parroquets after breakfast set to work again & divided & branded all the lambs, it was done by 12. had lunch & then rode into town stopping to order some stuff in the tiers. Mr Newenham spent the evening with us. [page 25] March 13th Very fine – I T rather tired. after breakfast met Mr Williams at Allans & pd into the Bank £ leaving £100 unpd to meet a deduction wch we claim the sheep not agreeing to the description – At Mr Newenhams in the Eveng. 14th Showery – I T found the horse very lame wch prevented my coming out to the land called at Allans & got an order for Jones dray for tomorrow ordered a quantity of stores for the camp to take out tomorrow spent the Eveng at Mr Newenhams 15th Fine – I T bought half a coil of rope for the fold netting £1:2:6 & loaded the dray & sent it off in charge of the tent keeper to the station, rode off to meet the sheep & directed Sam to put them in the Coy yard for the night I then rode on to the land & found the dray, unloaded it & pitched the tent, when just as it was dusk the horse slipped his tether & ran away sent Stephen after it to track it into town if possible I was obliged to set off again myself got in about 9 very tired & found the sheep all right & comfortable 16th Heavy showers – I T Up before the sun & drafted the sheep & yarded them – after breakfast the horse was brot back he had gone to Mr Newenhams, sent Mewett & Stephen to drive out the sheep rode out in the afternoon pitched the fold & got the sheep secured & turned in but I cod not sleep, I was out continually found all right 17th S Showery – I T Up with the sun, counted out the sheep & walked round to see where the feed was, called at Geo Newenhams camp. put in a little mustard seed for salad

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18th Fine – I T Geo Newenham & Mr Dark with their party came & surveyed the two sections & marked them off (by the Govrs order) they dine with me, rode in, in Eveng

[page 26]

March 19th Fine – I T called on Mr Newenham & Mr Jickling & at other places rode out in afternoon, found all comfortable. 20th Fine – I T Contd clearing away & cut sevl posts for hoe at Geos camp in Eveng. 21st Very fine – I T Counted out sheep as usual, cleared some land away at the River for a garden & dug it up, killed sevl centipedes, Captn Walker sheep got mixed with ours & we have a great trouble in drafting them it will not be finished today, dined at Geo Newenhams camp 22d Fine – I T Finished drafting the sheep when I found we were a great many short, it appears Mewetts boy let them stray from the flock while he was tending them I went to O Gilles station & found 3 I then went to the Coy & found 3 more & we found 2 alive in the bed of the river, In the afternoon the Coy shepherd came & sd he had 96 & we found 13 dead, he would not give them up as he said he had no yard to draft them, rode into town after dark & went to Bank & apptd to see Mr Randall the Coy manager tomorrow, called at Mrs Newenhams, went to Alfreds received 3 tres33 from John Taylor & a No of newspapers., 3 ships in, I have had great pain in chest from over exertion having been out at hard work walking & riding from 5 AM till 10 PM. 23d Cloudy – I T there are nearly 1000 persons arrived by the ships yesterday I have already had several applications for my house, called on Mr [page 27] Mar 23d contd Newenham & pd him his acct went to Bank & saw Mr Randall who gave me an order to their shepherd to draft the sheep rode out & took Mewett & Haslip & got 96 sheep out & drove them home, gave the man two guineas 24th S. Fine – I T Up with the sun. counted out the sheep. all right. went into town in the morning dined at Alfreds, went to Mrs Newenhams in the Evening. 25th Cloudy – I T called on Geo Stephens & Captn Bull. went to Grumbleton & to the land office, tendered for two sections for Mr Weeding. rode out in afternoon. all right 26th Very fine – I T Cutting posts for building a house & for fencing. wrote tre to John Taylor. sheep all right. 27th Very fine – I T up as usual N Newenham came out with a friend to take part of Alfreds land shewed it them they staid & dined with me. wrote Weeding. 28th Cloudy – I T we last night lost another ewe, one that had been badly bitten wrote Papa & Cary & Frank Montgomery. 29th Fine cool – I T Good Friday received a tre from Alfred saying he had recd a consignt of sheep rode in & found he had been at the Port & that luckily the sheep were not consignd to him, as they had lost 650 out of 800 went to Grumbleton Emily dined with us. 30th Hard rain – I T went to Coy store & to Port Office & sent tres off. went to Land Office came out Hy Newenham came out with some men to make a garden near us. 31st S Raining & cold – I T put up two panels of fencing. Mr Newenham dined with me. April 1st Fine & cool – I T rode in, had the horse shod, went about the town, sent a load of goods

33 ‘tre’ is apparently an abbreviation for ‘letter’. It is used a number of times.

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[page 28]

April 1st contd out rode out in Eveng. contracted with Ottaway to put up a pisé34 hse the load did not get out till ½ p 12 P.M. having lost their way. An old Ewe died of fall from the wain35 2d Very fine – I T The men have commenced the pisé hse & it will do very well. put up some more paling – 3d Very fine – I T counted out sheep rode into town before breakfast called on Captn Sturt. went to Land Office & Grumbleton went to the Govrs Levée and was introduced to the new judge & sevl others. called on Mrs Williams. went to a Corrobery [?] at Grumbleton in the Eveng introduced to Mrs Wyatt. pleasant evening. 4th Fine – I T Brought a quantity of seeds for the garden went to the Land Office to see the tenders decided but we did not get the land. went to Coy store. called on Captn Sturt & made arrangements as to letting him my hoe to be decided tomorrow rode out in the Eveng found all right & Pisé house getting on well. We have been much troubled with the Natives today 5th Fine – I T At work at fence in the Morning. rode in, in the afternoon saw Capt Sturt. In the Eveng went to a party at Mrs Wyatts who I liked very much pleasant Eveng 6th Fine – I T Went about the town, pchased 3 lots of land at Islington Village. rode out with Alfred in the Evg & on to the Survey tent: Killed a sheep that would not live 7th S Fine – I T got on with the fence – made a frame for a window. G Newenhan came to breakfast with me. I dined with him – In Eveng tremendous Gale. [page 29]

April 8th Cloudy – I T Powell who I have engaged to assist here came out, set him to work. men sulky & troublesome, I do not know why. got on with fencing etc. 9th Fine – I T at work at fence & making a seed garden Mr Newenham came out, rode to Fergusons & ordered some paling & sawn stuff. hired Surveyman’s tent yesterday 10th Fine – I T got on with fencing &c. 11th Very fine – I T much annoyed by the wild dogs. Mewett complained of having to work as well as tend the sheep must get rid of him I am afraid. sowed in the garden short & long cucumbers. Vegit Marrow. Green melon. early Knights Cabbage & Green silesian lettuce. went into town & called on Captn Sturt called on Mrs Williams & at Grumbleton spent the eveng at Mrs Wyatts – very pleasant 12th Very fine & warm – I T called on Captn Sturt. bought 2 sacks flour, which is rising enormously – looked out for a shepherd. sold one of Johns puncheons36 to Weston for £60 £20 cash & bills c 2 & 3 mos rode out in Eveng. sheep all right. 13th Fine – I T Had to kill another ewe that had been bitten. rode into town. saw Captn Sturt & the Govr rode out in Eveng. 14th S Fine – I T sheep all right. heard of some sheep missing went in search but being dark could not find them. not ours. 15th Heavy rain & cold – I T rode into town called on Captn Sturt who took my hoe from the 1st inst for 12 mos for a government office. called on Mrs Nixon and at Grumbleton saw Mr Williams & called on Judge. rode out with George in Eveng.

34 earth or clay, sometimes mixed with straw or gravel, which is rammed hard in frames to form the walls of a

building. 35 a wagon or cart. 36 a large cask or a piece of timber used for flooring.

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[page 30]

April 16 Fine – I T Robinson came to work for me. built a hoe leaning to the end of the Pisé hoe with feather edge boards for Mewett & to keep stores in, rode into town, went to a party at Mrs Howards in the Evening. very dull. 17th Fine – I T Went to Land Office with Alfred sent Mrs Mewett & family out to the land rode out, sent in Platts tent. went to George’s camp in eveng & slept there. 18th Very fine & cool – I T came to land to breakfast got the rafters on the house gave charge of the sheep to new shepherd Hugh Watson who I engaged yesterday cleared away a good deal of scrub & went on with fencing. dined with Geo Newenham 19th Cloudy & cool – I T went to my house to breakfast Watson is ill of Disentery sent him into town rode up the river & saw Pinkertons section wch Alfred wishes to have rode over to Fergusons who had sent the paling dined at home & commenced the roofing of my hoe went to George’s in Evening. 20th Cloudy & showers – I T cut the paling in half for roof & put on the battens & part of the paling in front, the seeds in the garden are coming up. 21st S Fine – I T Darke Hy & Geo Newenham came to breakfast with me, after breakfast heard Mr Gilles old shepherd calling from the or side of the river on going over found that he had been knocked down & speared by the blacks, sent Mewett to take chge of the sheep & got assistance & carried him over to my house, he is dreadfully injured; rode into town to Mrs Gilles who sent out a cart for him & a surgeon & a party of mounted police after the blacks but they did not catch them dined at Alfreds & went to Grumbleton [page 31]

April 21st contd the blacks are getting so bold that if they are not shot they will be killing the white people whenever they want any thing, it appears they have not taken any of the sheep but robbed him of his “white money” 22d heavy rain – I T called at Mr Gilles to enquire how the shepherd was & saw Miss Blunden [?] who is very handsome, the old man is supposed to be better but inflammation is taking place & I am afraid he will not survive. in the Eveng rode out with a strong party of police & 2 native constables to pursue the wretches, but the blacks wished for more assistance & the party bivouacked at my camp & sent in for a fortnights rations, I intend going with them tomorrow & we will bring them in dead or alive. slept at Geo Newenhams camp. 23d Fine – I T Mr Inman did not get out with the party ‘till 2 oclock & he brought 15 natives with him he does not start till tomorrow, I think he loses the chance of getting them by so much delay slept at Geo’s camp. 24th Very fine – I T Started with the party directly after breakfast passed the dry creek & arrived at Bryants station at 12 oclock the blacks had been there 2 days before & robbed the man of all his things, found their wurleyi37 and in it the remains of one of Mr Gilles sheep went on to Fisher & Handcocks station where they had been the day before & thence to their No 2 station where we bivouacked, in an Ampitheatre of hills & rocks. The moon rose over the hills most splendidly We were much disturbed by the wild dogs, Fishers shepherd told me he had lost 100 sheep today & had lost some every

37 An Aboriginal hut or shelter made of boughs, leaves and plaited grass.

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[page 32]

April 24 contd day for a fortnight past, We have passed a great deal of fine sheep runs today but the grass wch is very luxuriant is in seed – the blacks built us a Wurley under wch we slept. I had a wallaby rug wch is extremely useful in the Bush – 25th Very fine Up at daylight & directly after breakfast proceeded but cld not find Ansteys station Got to a stopping place of the blacks at 2 P.M. but our friends were not there Inman & 2 others rode on abot 3 miles & thot they had traces of them they brot back a kangaroo wch was “little but good” bivouacked for the night in a most romantic situation in an ampitheatre as before with a most splendid moon hanging out apparently from the deep blue sky One of the dogs killed 2 of Fishers sheep this morning & bit a black thro’ the leg, I wish he had killed the brute. 26th Very fine – I T pushed on at daylight to the place Inman had been to last night over a beautiful country of extensive grassy flats & some of the Valleys green left the cart there & we pushed on to Lyndoch Valley but the blacks were not there, saw some Emu, returned to the cart & staid there – Soon after dark all the horses at one instant started & broke their tether ropes & went off at a full gallop & we lost all trace of them, when the moon rose we saw 3 natives at a distance walking up & down in the moonlight our blacks were dreadfully frightened & went thro’ a variety of ceremonies, taking green boughs & walking [page 33] April 26th contd backwards round the camp & putting water in their mouths & squirting it out over the boughs they called them “wild man” they sd they were cannibals eating black or white men & that they were in the habit of stealing on their Worleys at night & killing them. at 11 we started to look after the horses & found mine & I came back with him while the rest went after theirs but in returning I fell in with the other four & secured them much to the joy of the others on their return, kept watch, the others shirked their watch. 27th Showery – I T After breakfast started to the “great river” the Upper Para where we arrived about 1 P.M. having passed thro’ some heavy scrub & afterwds very good sheep runs but did not see any water. We found Jacobs camp & that we were at the Murray pass. I staid there with Shaw while the others & two of the blacks on our horses proceeded to “Milner” [?] where we heard the fellows were gone the day before – dined with Jacob & slept under his tent. 28th S Fine – I T had breakfast with Jacob Inman returnd at abot 2 p.m. with 3 blacks they had captured but they were not those were in search of – these have murdered Mr Hallets shepherd & buried the body in the river but on Inman’s threatening to shoot them they took him to the body they had the mans gun dog & 5 sheep in the hut when taken took first watch from 8 till 12 & then turned in 29th Very fine – I T Up with the Sun, put the prisrs into the cart & drove in, my colt got knocked up 8 miles from Adelaide & I had to walk part of the way I got a lift in [page 34]

April 29th contd the cart the remr of the distance, the land on the plains is not good there is no water, went to Alfreds dined & slept there – 30th Fine – I T called at Grumbleton & Mrs Nixons, bought a barrel of Pork rode out to land in afternoon slept at Geo’s camp May 1st Fine – I T breakfasted at my hoe went into town called at Grumbleton Mrs Nixons & Mrs Wyatts went to land office rode out in afternoon Hy Newenham took tea with me & slept at Geo’s camp.

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2d Showery – I T put in some more melon seeds the rats having eaten those I first planted Mewetts boy ill & he has gone out with sheep himself unpackd the 2 puncheons of iron goods & stowed them away –slept at Geo’s – 3d Very fine – I T This is my 22d birthday, [This part of the entry is underlined in blue pencil.] after breakfast rode into town, sent a cart out with two sacks flour & a barrel pork &c flour is rising enormously I pd £4 pr sack last week & was offered £7 not to take it dined at Alfreds Mrs Nixon Emily & Miss Conway dined there Bernard came in the Evening. 4th Cloudy & cool – I T went to Grumbleton & called on Allan to settle sheep business Jones having arrived but having lost 1200 of 1500 put on board, a lucky escape for us wrote to Mr Williams about it rode out in afternoon & slept in my own hoe for the first time. I hear today that Bryants shepherd who had been robbed by the blacks when we were after them has been murdered by them making the fourth white man killed by the blacks within a week [page 35]

May 4 contd a special commission is to be held to try them, the governmt it is thot will adopt half & half measures wch will make things ten times worse as the White poeple will commence aggressions wch they have hitherto abstaind from 5th S Very fair – I T Hy Newenham was with me all day, marked out some beds 6th The finest day I have ever seen – I T the weather has been cooler these few days. put in some peas & had more ground dug up. 7th Very fine – I T put in more seeds, after breakfast went into town & attended a public meeting Called to consider the “black question” it was only an excuse to get an opportunity to abuse “the powers that be”, called at Grumbleton Emily was at Alfreds called at Mrs Howards, slept at Grumbleton Alfreds 8th Fine – I T called at Mrs Nixons, rode out to dinner, slept at home – 9th Fine – I T Sowed some more seeds, discovered at noon that the horse was adrift found him & found that the tether pin & rope had been stolen rode abo t to look after the theif but no traces of him called at Geo’s camp & met Alfred there. 10th Very fine – I T prepared some more grod commenced building a pig pound finished reading “My Life” a very good novele, read “Love in a Village”38 George & Darke dined with me, 11th Very fine – I T I have for some mornings been out shooting Teal we have had in consequence fresh rations all the week Alfred Captn Bull & Hy Newenham dined with me, finished pig pound. [page 36] May 12 S Very fine – I T Sowed some more seeds. Hy Newenham was with me all day – put up moreen39 curtain & so divided the rooms. 13th Very fine – I T We have had delightful weather for a month past not too warm, like June in England. read some plays got on with garden. 14th Very fine – I T rode into town & got several necessaries, the bakers have not more than 6 days flour left & everything is rising enormously. went to Grumbleton in the Evening. called on Allan as to sheep &c. 15th Showery – I T bought two sacks of potatoes for seed Sent them out with some other things. tried my horse in the cart harness he goes very well I shall buy a cart for him.

38 Love in a Village was a comic opera by Thomas Arne 39 a sturdy ribbed fabric.

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16th Raining – I T planted out potatoes &c put one of the Sashes [?] in. Darke & GN dined with me. read part of Corinne40, I like it but as much as I have read appears to be an acct of Rome & not of Italy or the Italians. 17th Fine – I T Sent the 4 rams into town to Allans, recd tres from John, Cary & Oxenford pr “Planter” Hy Newenham came out. 18th Fine & cool – I T rode into town, called on Allan & arranged the sheep business came out in Eveng. 19th S Very fine – I T burnt some scrub. in afternoon rode over to G N’s camp. 20th Fine – I T rode into town saw Allan, called at Grumbleton met Mr Nyas at Alfreds who’ brot a tre of introduction from John Taylor – went to Mrs Wyatts & Mrs [page 37] May 20th contd. Nixons in Eveng. 21st Very fine – I T Went with Mr Nyas to port to bring up his specie41, went on board the “Planter” at North channel. apparently a wretched ship & not well found in provisions, came to town, and rode out to land in Eveng Mr Nyas accompanyd me. 22d Very fine not so cool – I T put in a quantity of seeds &c. contind “Corinne” – 23d Fine – I T gardening all day, finished “Corrinne” not much pleased with the characters or plot. descriptions of Rome & Florence apparently good. 24th Very fine – I T rode into town – Queens birthday went to Leveé saw Mr Williams went to Mrs Nixons in the Eveng. 25th Very fine – I T having been invited by the S a Coy to attend the opening of their New Port and rode down there, the Govr was there with everyone else, they gave a very good dinner &c went to Grumbleton in the Eveng 26th S Fine – I T rode out, all well. 27th Fine – I T at work in garden & put in middle window of hoe rode to Survey tent in the Eveng. 28th Very fine – I T rode into town, went with Alfred to Man’s office to settle the sale of some land. went to Grumbleton saw Mrs Wyatt there, rode out in Eveng 29th Fine – I T having purchased 4 pigs fpr £10 got on with pig pound, fired scrub in the river. 30th Fine – I T got on with pig pound & garden. rode into town with Pinkerton Nyas. [page 38]

May 30 contd – called on me, let him a quarter of my acre to put his house upon, went with Alfred to Mans & completed the pchase sale of land allotted to him. guaranteed sale. 31st Raining & squally – I T bought 3 sows & a pig for £10 a great bargain sent a cart to Port for them called on Mrs Sturt & Mr Gooch purchased a capital saddle & bridle rode out in afternoon wrote to Greenford & A Denman. found a message for me from Hy N. wch will require explanation – I have had bad tooth & headache for several days – June 1 Heavy rains & very cold – I T not at all well, made up accts wrote to my father. Nyas came out, went into town in afternoon bought a saddle & bridle 2d S Heavy showers & cold – I T lost a sheep from the cold several were unwell, it must have dropped behind. rode out & found Nyas at my hoe. 3d Showery not so cold – I T turned the pigs “on the world” they have behaved well & come home, commenced building a stable, rather better myself. readg [. . .] 4th Fine – I T the rain has much improved the appearance of the garden. Getting on with stable &c.

40 Madame de Stael’s novel Corinne was published in 1807. 41 coined money.

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5th Fine – I T Getting on with stable &c & digging in garden. Nyas brought his tent & things out & dined with me. 6th Cloudy – I T Some of the Ewes appear as if they wod lamb soon & in consequce it is necessary to build some pens, commenced on them, cut down some gum wattels. 7th Fine – I T getting on with pens, rode into town called at Grumbleton, saw Cook [page 39]

June 7 contd the butcher as to purchasing wethers & as to taking land. Alfred rode out with me – 8th Showery – I T Getting on with pens, I am told that the rain comes here in the wet season at every change of the Moon, Nous Verrons, there is a new moon on the 11th –went into town called on Mrs Wyatt. & saw P Cook butcher who is to come on Tuesday to look at the sheep. rode out in Eving calling on Darke on road. 9 S Very fine. Yesterday we lost one of the old Ewes from the Gall [?] & water &c. Several more appear sickly from the same cause dined at Nyas’s tent: pd Powell wages 10th Fine cutting scrub &c all day, had a load out but the man cod not get his horse on, took my horse & went to look after it, found that he had got into some thick wattel bush a mile out of the track put my horse on as a leader & managed to find our way home after a great deal of trouble. 11th Fine, cutting scrub again, after dinner was told that some ladies were coming, they proved to be Alfred & Louisa & the Grumbletonians, showed them abo t the place & got them some bush fare,. Cook the Butcher came to look at the wethers but sd they were not fat enough, the rascal wants to get them low price, but no go. 12th Fine getting on with sheep yard & fired the scrub in several places but it did not burn well. in the Eveng the rain came on again, in part fulfilling the prediction as to raining at every change of moon, tho’ the moon changed yesterday morg 13th Showery. The horse had a very violent attack of cholic & at one time I was afraid [page 40]

June 13 Contd I should lose him gave him a gentle does of Ginger in hot water with 60 drops laudanum & 1½ oz oil turps in it, but as he got worse took 2 qts blood from him which has relieved him, put temporary roof & sides to stable, 14th Raining the horse is better. planted potatoes, Nias drove me into town in his cart. went to Bank & Grumbleton dined at Alfreds. 15th Fine. went to Bank & sevl places recd a letter from my father. Nias drove me out in afternoon. all well the river has risen very much. 16th S Fine. I have been very unwell for sevl days but am better put my horse in Nias’s cart & drove him about, he goes very well & brot home some bark another old ewe died. Walkers Geese got into the garden & eat off almost all the things in it. 17th Fine. went into town to Grumbleton Bank &c. Westons bill not pd saw Alfred got his letter from my father – rode out with Alfred. 18th Fine cold. Getting on with pen, not at all well took 2 cal. col. pills 3 & 5 – 19th Fine cold. finished the yard behind the hoe went over to Walkers who have a great many lambs but are doing very badly, the pigs get a great many of them & Hy Newenhams pigs last night killed 11 – bought a small sow for £1:15:- there are 3 ships in from England I hear, & that Gouger42 is arrived. much better today 20th Fine. drove the horse into town, he went in very well but did not come out so well went to Bank, Fergusons, Grumbleton &c got tres from John & William. the

42 Robert Gouger (1802-1846) was one of the founders of South Australia and Colonial Secretary. He was

returning after a visit to England.

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[page 41]

June 20th contd Ganges & City of Adelaide43 are in the offing but the mails are not in. finally settled for the sheep, The geese got into the garden again & finished it. 21st Shortest day, heavy showers cutting scrub & getting on with the garden. 22d Very heavy rain & hail. Nyas drove me into town, went to Bank, Walkers &c. the or44 ships are not in yet, Walkers are getting on very badly with their sheep. 23d S. heavy rain, anor old ewe died. finished tre to my father, the sow I bought the other day is missing I must look after him – 24th Showery. made a truck & “set my hoe in order”– carrying up scrub for a new fence. 25th Showery. cut about 50 stakes & began a new fence, cut a track thro’ the Wattles for the carts to come by recd tres by Ganges from Papa Mama & Caroline. 26th Fine. the horse that has been adrift some day has walked off, went into town with Nias went to Richardson’s Grumbleton &c. bought 50 lbs damaged flour. slept in town. dined at Captn Bulls, selected land for Weeding. 27th Fine. called at Grumbleton, dined at Southern Cross with Darke Powell brought the horse in, rode out in Evening. 28th Fine, cut 50 stakes for hedge & some scrub, rode over in afternoon to look at the land I selected on Wednesday, it is very good not so good as some of Alfreds but better than most, with two large creeks thro’ it & on the road to the Sources of the Para, it will be valuable. 29th Fine cut 50 stakes again. & getting on with the hedge. [page 42]

June 30th S. Very fine, one of the young Ewes presented me with a fine lamb. the first I have had, mother & offspring doing “as well as can be expected”. shut up the pigs they must not come out again till the lambing is finished in the evening another young Ewe lambed. July 1 Fine. busy all day making yard for the Ewes & lambs, two more lambed Nias lent me his man to go with the sheep for a day or two which helps the making the yard materially, as does the horse’s having taken to drawing well. 2d Showery, getting on with the yard two more ewes lambed. 3d Raining, went into town, got a blank in Coltman’s Lottery, called on G Stephens went to Grumbleton in Eveng Nias having left town without waiting for me. 6 Ewes lambed. 7 lambs. 4th Showery. rode Alfreds horse out in the Morning, in afternoon rode my horse out to the Sources of the Para got to Mr William’s’s station left there at dusk & lost myself found myself at his station again in about two hours staid there all night 10 Ewes lambed. 5th Showery, left Mr Williams’s at abt 10 lost the track again but found my way at last 2 Ewes lambed, recd some paling for making hurdles. 6th Showery drawing stuff for pen all day 6 Ewes lambed. 7th S. Showery Mr Stokes came out & dined with me 5 Ewes lambed. 8th Showery. getting on with large pen 7 Ewes lambed. went into

43 Two ships bringing passengers and mail to Adelaide. This City of Adelaide is an earlier ship than the one at

present scheduled to return from Scotland to Adelaide. 44 ‘or’ (the letters have a line above them) may be an abbreviation for ‘other’.

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[page 43]

July 8th. contd town with Powell who got drunk & I was obliged to discharge him went to Mrs Howards in the Eveng. 9th Showery got one of Alfreds men to assist me in bringing out the cart found all going on well 8 Ewes lambed. 10th Showery. cutting mortices in post for gates &c. 5 Ewes lambed. one lamb came dead having been so for some days apparently 11th Showery. morticing two posts for gates, hard work. branded sev l of the tools some having been borrowed without being returned & some being stolen – 4 Ewes lambed 12th Fine. drove into town & looked out for a man but did not meet with one to suit. recd the first rent for my house. attended Sale of Timor ponies but cod not buy any they went too high. Sold Smith 20 wethers at 45/- drove out in Eveng 3 Ewes lambed. 13th Fine. rode into town & saw sevl people who wanted situations but none to suit bought some chissels at Richardsons. rode out in Eveng. 4 Ewes lambed. 14th S Fine. engaged all the Morng with the sheep. in afternoon Mr Newenham & Mr Stokes came out & dined with me. 10 Ewes lambed. 15th Raining. rode into town saw Captn Sturt. called at Grumbleton. saw Watson in afternoon but did not agree with him as to wages &c. slept in town 3 Ewes lambed 16th Very heavy rains. in town all day. Saw Darke who has some plants for me. went to land office. dined with Alfred. 2 Ewes lambed. one lamb died. 17th Raining `Saw Captn Sturt. engaged Watson to come out tomorrow received letters [page 44]

July 17th Contd from my father & Cary pr “Asia”45 2nd March. sent off letters to my father rode out in Eveng 9 Ewes lambed. 18th Fine. Watson came out & to work. made wattles for gateway in front. 3 Ewes lamd 19th Showery drove into town, saw Captn Sturt. pd Captn Walkers acct bought some Pork flour & potatoes at Richardsons. 4 Ewes lambed, the boy lost one lamb & I am afraid Watson has lost another. 20th Showery. divided the pig pound, had a dray out with pork & Mrs Watson & sent in 80 rails. 4 Ewes lambed – copied “Bygone hours” 21st S Showery. reading & writing all day. Nias dine with me. 6 Ewes lambed. 22d Fine but very cold white frost in Morning. setting posts & rails all day cut betn 60 & 70 lambs in mo afternoon. Alfred came out, & brt me letters from John & Oxenford pr “City of Adelaide” 3 Ewes lambed. 23d Fine, frosty in morning, Setting fence. P Nixon called having lost his way he dined with me & rode my horse into town, the large white sow pigged 10 pigs but she lay on 4 & killed them 4 Ewes lambed. the old sow before she pigged caught hold of a lamb & killed it. 24th Fine getting on with fencing & breaking up ground 3 Ewes lambed 25th Fine. went into town, to Richardsons & dined at Mr Newenhams 3 Ewes lambed. 26th Fine, drove out & brought a barrel of Pork \flour/ out with me for [page 45] July 26th contd Watsons rations. cut up old tree in the garden. 27th Cloudy engaged all day fencing & breaking up grod Mr & Mrs Stokes & Emily Newenham called & took tea with me, one Ewe lambed. 28th S Very fine, took a walk up the River with Nias, 3 Ewes lambed single lambs & 1 had twins.

45 Ship from London.

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29th Very fine breaking up grod in garden, drove into town, went to Bank Counthoe46 & drove out in Eveng. 1 Ewe lambed. 30th Very fine, getting on with breaking up, piled the split rails round the hoe to season they form a good fence. one ewe Lambed. 31st Fine, breaking up garden cut 50 more lambs, lost the horse for two day but found him this afternoon Aug 1st Raining, the men could not work on acct of the wet, went into town to the Bank & the horse has strayed away again. 2 Ewes lambed – 2d Raining, breaking up grod & completed temporary fence round front garden 3 Showery & cold breaking up grod Sowed some swede turnips & transplanted some lettuce & turnip. & sticking peas – 4th S Fine, Geo Newenham came out & dined with me. two ewes lambed. 5th Raining, went into town saw Hy Newenham who endeavoured to acct for his conduct about the rails but it was not satisfactory, Mewett was after the [page 46]

Aug 5th contd horse all day but did not find him. sent tre to Butler. recd newspapers 6th Showery, found the horse about 7 miles to the North put in some of my potatoes. one ewe lambed. 7th Raining. made a gate 4 Ewes lambed. one lamb dead, not very well 8th Showery. went into town, got a barrel of flour at Richardsons pd Newmans acct by ch. at bank. the first & 2d creeks were full of water for the first time Alfred drove Lousia & Emily out in the afternoon & as it came on to rain they staid all night & took my bed. Got some more potatoes in. 9th Showery, walking about with the ladies, one Ewe lambed a dead lamb. 10th Fine, got some more potatoes in, put some seeds in the flower garden, Watson has given one of my sheep to the Coys shepherd as he tht it was not ours, he must get it back or pay for it. 11th S Very fine took a walk up the River dined with Nias. 12th Very fine & warm rode into town saw Captn Sturt rode out in afternoon two ewes lambed, the sow killed another lamb. 13th Fine chipping over the large square & plantg out Cabbage. 14th Fine finished the chipping & planted abt 2000 cabbage &c rode into town got some seeds from Darke spent eveng at Alfreds 15th Showery rode out. breaking up more ground &c. one ewe lambed 16th Showery, breaking up more ground setting seed bed to rights &c Alfred [page 47] Aug 16th contd, came out in the afternoon – took tea with Nias. 17th Raining & tremendously high winds, put hedge alongside the road, breaking up grd &c rode into town saw Captn Sturt. staid in town. 18th S Raining, walked out, the 1, 2d & 4th creeks are quite torrents now, & the river has risen very much & flows with a rapid stream. 19th Fine rode into town Saw Captn Sturt went to Land Office &c. Creeks up. 20th Fine, breaking up grod all day & making ditch outside fence. 21st Fine, finished breakg up square in front of hoe Mewett & John split some posts & very good ones too 22d Very fine, chipping over ground, went into town called on the Gov. dined at Alfreds & met Mrs Finniss there slept in town one ewe lambed

46 Countinghouse?

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23d Fine rode out to my sections on the Brownhill creek in evening went to a very pleasant party at Mrs Wyatts, one ewe lambed 24th Raining, rode out, planted some more potatoes & cabbage. 25th S Showery. Geo Newenham came out & dined with me. 26th Fine finished plantg the cabbage bed began breaking up grod for Maize [?], recd a note from Louisa saying that Edwd was arrived rode into town & found him there & well47 staid in town. recd tres from John & Oxenford pr Somersetshire48 to 9th April all well. 27th Showery, Edward went to the Port & I rode out, began fencing for the [page 48] Aug 27 contd Maize [?] & contd breaking up ground 28th Fine but cold. fencing & breaking up ground all day 29th Showery, went into town, went with Edwd to call at Govmt Hoe rode out in afternoon. breaking up & fencing & spliting. 1 Ewe lambed. 30th Showery – splitting all day Edwd & Alfred came out Edwd stays here – 31 Showery fencing & breaking up grod took a walk with Edwd. Sept 1st S Showers walked into town with Edwd dined at Alfreds called at Captn Bulls in the Eveng. 2d Fine going abo the town all day with Edwd went to Mrs Nixons in the Eveng. 3d Very fine went abo with Edwd walked out in the afternoon, men getting on with fencing & breaking up grod. 4th Very fine fencing &c put in some melon & cucumber seeds. 5th Very fine, fencing & breakg up grod sowed some tobacco. wrote to my father & Putland. 6th Fine, went into town & about with Edwd went to Walkers & Man’s got ch pd

7th Fine, fencing & breakg up grod Edwd rode out in afternoon went into town. 8th S showery, at Alfred’s all day went to Nixon’s in Eveng one ewe lambed. 9th Showery, went abot with Edwd called on & was introduced to Mr Smart and out with Nias in afternoon, not very well. [page 49]

Sept 10th Fine, went into town with Nias, bought a pony & rode it out. 11th Fine breakg up grod sowed carrots & planted potatoes Darke & Ormsley came out & I rode with them to Ormsley’s camp on the Para. 12th Showery, walked over to Mr William’s to breakfast rode home from there felling trees &c. 13th Fine Felling & splitting trees – 14th Fine rode into town called on Mr Smart & the judge rode out in Eveng. 15th S Fine, wrote to Oxenford Mr Man called in the afternoon – 16th Fine rode into town called on the judge rode out 17th Fine, the poney got away & gave us a great deal of trouble, began fence at end of sheep yard. 18th Showery, getting on with fence. one ewe lambed. 19th Showery, finished fence across yard commenced plantg maize 20th Fine commenced fencing side line of Maize contd plantg &c one ewe lambed.

47 Edward Hardy (1811-1869) was Arthur Hardy’s elder brother. He came to South Australia on a short visit,

returned to England, went to New Zealand, and finally returned to England where he inherited the family estate.

His death was reported in the South Australian Register. 48 Ship from London.

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21st Fine, rode into town recd letter pr Recovy49 from John & newspapers dined at Alfreds, Edwd came out with me. 22d S Fine, Edwd dined & went in, went over to Walkers in afternoon. 23d Fine planting Maize hilled up cabbage sowed beet &c. not at all well all day [page 50]

Septr 24th Showery, rode into town went to Walkers &c went to a party at Mrs Nash’s introduced to Mrs Gouger a pleasant evening. 25th Showery, rode out felling trees &c. 26th Fine, felling trees & fencing. 27th Fine, felling & splitting & breaking up ground. 28th Fine, rode into town called on Bernard50, called at Mrs Wyatts in Eveng. 29th S Showery, the Pony not having been brought in walked out with Edwd 30th Showery, fencing & plantg Maize, Edwd went in Octr 1 Showery walked into town went to Alfreds & Newenhams. 2d Showery, rode Alfreds horse to look after the pony & found him amongst Sturts horses their stockman promised to send him in. 3d Showery went about the town called on Weston went to Newenhams in Eveng

4th Showery dined at Alfreds, went to Mrs Wyatts in Eveng. 5th Heavy showers, the pony not having been sent in Walked out after breakfasting with Bernard. 6th S Showery, went after the pony & got him home. Bernard & P Nixon came out & dined with me. 7th Fine rode the pony in Hawker the groom commenced breaking him in 8th Fine about the town all day went to Grumbleton in Eveng. 9th Very fine, Hawker gave the pony another turn in the cart, Edwd & [page 51] Octr 9th contd I drove him out. he went very well. 10th Very fine, Watson left me today altho his time is not up which puts me to great inconvenience. tried to drive the pony in but after about three hours work we only got to the 4th creek & were obliged to take him out of the cart & lead him into town, dined at Alfreds it being Edwds birthday. Coln Light was buried today 11th Very fine, went to Treasury & to Neales went to Mrs Nixons in Eveng had a cart out with flour & rice & took my cart into town 12th Very fine, called on Mr Andrews who introduced me to his wife dined at Bernards 13th S Very fine. walked out. Bernard came out & dined with me. 14th Fine chipping Maize, Edwd came out to dinner & brot me tres from Papa Caroline & John. 15th Very fine, Alfred came out to dinner, went in with him. 16th Fine, called on Andrews whose child was ill, engaged another shepherd 17th Fine, went to Levée, dined at Grumbleton. 18th Very fine & hot, going about all day went to Alfred’s in Eveng. 19th Showery, called on Bernard, went to see the first stone of S. Johns church laid dined at Gilles house. 20th S Fine, drove out Mr Newenham came out to dinner.

49 The Recovery from London reached Port Adelaide on 19th September 1839. 50 The Honorable Robert Bernard, Advocate General..

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[page 52]

Octr 21st Fine, drove into town, purchased Bennetts poney, Engaged Stephen as shepherd & brought him out. 22d Very fine, Mrs & Newenham Mrs Nixon Louisa Emily Edwd Alfred & Hy N. came out & spent the day with me pleasant day rode in with them. 23d Very fine, recd second quarters rent walked out in Eveng. 24th Very fine, fencing &c all day not well 25th Fine drove into town, called on Bernard dined at Alfreds drove out 26th Fine, a lamb was seized with Gall in the head Killed it & took it into town drove out in afternoon 27th S Fine Bernard & Hy Newenham dined with me, drove in, in Eveng. 28th Fine Bought some Merino for a gown drove out. 29th Fine, fencing, went over to Walkers sheep shearing work very badly done 30th Cloudy, drove into town, found an invitation to dinner from Governmt hoe; dined there; went to a party at Grumbleton afterwards – 31st Heavy rains & thunder, drove out wet thro’ Novr 1st Raining, planting some more Maize completing fence. 2d Fine, drove into town, sold cwt new potatoes, lunched with the judge & made affidt called at Governmt house drove out in Eveng, planted some potatoes 3d S Cold showery. not very well today 4th Fine, drove into town had breakfast with Bernard went to the Court [page 53]

Novr 4th Contd was admitted a Barrister Solr Atty & Proctor of the Supreme Cot drove out, found that Coys Shepherd had let his sheep run amongst mine, I am four short. entd into ptnship with R Bernard Adv. Genl

5th Fine drove into town to Court Hoe &c drove out. 6th Fine drove into town to Cot Ho. called at Alfreds out in Eveng 7th Rainy drove in went to Cot Sessions terminated breakfasted at Bernards 8th Showery went in to breakfast with Bernard arranged a good deal of buss came out in afternoon – 9th Showery drove in, in the afternoon staid in all night 10th S Rainy dined at Captn Bulls spent the eveng at Alfreds. 11th Fine, at buss all day drove out in afternoon 12th Showery drove in to buss came out in afternoon plantg Maize 13th Fine, washed sheep drove in afterwds came out in Eveng. 14th Showery drove in, went to a Pic nic at Captn Sturts went to a party at Judges in Eveng slept in town 15th Showery breakfasted with Bernard at buss all day drove out in Evg 16th Cloudy, drove in had a good deal of buss to do had to drive out for Hy Newenham drove in again slept in town 17th S Very fine drove out Bernard & Newland dined with me went over to [page 54] Novr 19th contd Captn Walkers. 18th Very wet, drove into town there was a grand Pic Nic at the Bay I did not go on acc t of the wet went to a party at Howards in Eveng. 19th Rainy breakfasted with Bernard saw Mr Williams drove out with him he dined with me – 20th Rainy drove in, at buss all day came out in afternoon

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21st Showery, drove in, Louisa was confined, with a very fine boy they are hapily doing well 22d Heavy rains, at buss as usual called at Louisa’s who is doing well, drove out 23d Storms & Rain all day, drove in, at buss as usual was so unwell that I cod not come out in the Eveng 24th S Showery, better today breakfasted with Bernard dined at Grumbleton drove out in afternoon 25th Showery drove in, at buss as usual drove out in Eveng 26th Fine, drove to Coys on road in who are shearing today drove out in afternoon & had a pen pitched for shearing. 27th Fine. Commencd shearing the wool weighs well but is not so clean as I cod wish went into town in afternoon 28th Very fine, going on shearing drove in to buss & out in afternoon after calling at Louisa’s who gets on very well as does also the little one Alfred came out with me [page 55]

Novr 29 Cloudy – shearing & in town at buss. 30th Fine. Shearing drove out in afternoon Edwd came out with me Decr 1 S Fine, drove in after dinner 2d Very fine, Bernard Howard & the two Nixons rode out to dinner & to see the Shearing 3d Fine Shearing, going on – in town. 4th Fine Shearing, built a store room at end of hoe. 5th Fine, Shearing, put up a Verandah in town as usual. 6th Cloudy, went in town Edwd took his passage pr “Lady Emma” for England made arrangements for staying in town ‘till he went 7th Fine drove out & in again – shearing nearly completed. building a slab house for the people. 8th S. Very fine, went to the Church, drove out to dinner drove in & went to Church again 9th Fine, dined at Grumbleton. 10th Very fine – finished shearing – dined at Alfreds – 11th Fine – drove out in Eveng to make arrangements for pressg the wool went to Coys who promd to lend me their press tomorrow drove in 12th drove out early & took a dray out got the wool all over to the Coy station after having weighed it, found there was over 1200 wch is very good [page 56]

Decr 12th contd Edwd drove the Hewenhams out & they spent the day with me rode in with them in Deacons car which broke down & spilt us all no damage done – 13th Fine, finished pressing wool – at business all day dined at Gumbleton 14th Fine – went to Alfreds – 15th S Very fine, went with Edwd to Port & dined on board the ‘Lady Emma” she is a very nice barque apparently he engaged his Cabin drove up in Eveng. 16th Fine – had my bed room floored & ceiled which is a great comfort 17th Cloudy – having a good deal of trouble with the men about the rations discharged Hilton 18th Fine at business all day dined at Grumbleton. 19th Very fine – drove out in afternoon – Bernard came out to dinner. 20th Cooler than it has been – at buss all day a Grand dinner was given by the Bar to the Judge & Bench it went off very well. 21st Fine – drove out in afternoon & in again Geo Newenham came out.

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22d S Cloudy Edwd & I drove to the Bay Bernard & Alfred acccompanyg called at Gougers dined at Grumbleton. 23d Showery drove Edwd to Port to see him off for England, when Captn came down went to the flag staff but there was no boats & [page 57]

Dec 23d contd we had to return to Anthonys the Captn sd he wod sail at day light staid there till midnight then took leave of Edwd sent tres home by him to Mr H H – Papa Caroline & Harriet, there have been six vessels in within the last week recd a tre from Harriet & some newspapers to end of July 24th Fine – at buss all day drove out in Eveng. 25th Fine Xmas day – drove into town dined at Alfreds, called at Gougers& at Grumbleton in Eveng. 26th Very fine & warmer at buss all day went to a grand ball given by the overland men spent a pleasant eveng got home at 5 A.M. 27th Very hot – at buss all day drove out in Eveng. 28th Extremely hot. Therr in Sun 145°, drove in to buss drove Mr James out who staid all night 29th S Very hot & close went about a little James staid & slept. 30th Still very hot thermr 106 in shade not very well & staid in town. drove James in & engaged at buss all day drove out not well staid in town. 31st Extremely hot & close thunder in Eveng. at buss all day, drove out 1840 Jany 1 Very hot & close began digging potatoes they answer well drove in – “Adelaide Races” did not go – drove out rained in Eveng slightly & the night was cooler the first refreshing sleep for a week [page 58]

Jany 2d Very hot & sultry in day. drove in at buss all day called at Alfreds & drove out in Eveng night cooler. 3d Hot & close – drove in [The diary ceases at this point and the substantial number of pages left are blank.]

[Back Cover] [On the inside of the back cover of the diary have been pasted two pages of a typewritten index.] INDEX (Compiled by Miss Mabel Hardy) June 1959. [handwritten in ink]

Aborigines pp.28,30,34,35 Allan,– pp.23,24,25,34,36 Andrews.– p.51 Anstey’s Station p.32 Beresford,– 38 Bernard, R. (Adv.Gen.) 21,22,34,50,51,52,53,54,55,56 Blunden, Miss 31 Bright, Dr 21,22 Brownhill Creek 47 Bryan,– 23

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Bryant’s Station 31 Bull, W. Capt. 27,35,41,48,53 Capetown pp.12-13 Conway, Miss 34 Cook, P. (butcher) 38,39 Crafers Hotel 21,24 Darke, (Surveyor) 25,30,35,36,39,41,43,46,49 Denman, A. 38 Ferguson,– 29,40 Finnis, Mrs 47 Finnis’s Station 22 Fisher’s Station 31 Gilles, O. 30,31,51 Gooch,- 38 Gouger, R. 40,50,56,57 Hack,– 19 Hallett,– 33 Handcock’s Station 31 Hardy, Alfred pp.18-58 Hardy, Edward pp.47-57 Hawker,– (groom) 50 Health 1,4,6,7,8,12,17,26,38,40,54 Hilton, – 56 Howard, – 21,30,35,43,54,55 Inman, (Police Sup.) 31,32,33 Jacob,– 33 James, 57 Jickling, Judge 21,22,26,29,49,52,53 [second page of index]

Malpas’s Station 24 Mann,– 37,38,48,49 Mewett,– 19,23,25,29,30,34,45,47 Morphett, Mrs 19,23 Mt Barker 21,24 Music 4 Mutiny 5 Nash, Mrs 50 Newenham family pp.18-57 Newland,– 53 Nixon,– 20,21,22,29,34,35,37,44,48,50,51,55, NYAS,– 36,37,38,39,40,41,42,44,45,46,47,48,49 Ormsby 49 Pinkerton,– 37 Police,– 31-33 Pt Adelaide 37 Powell,– 29,41,43 Pullen,– 22 Reading,– 2,3,5,6,7,8,9,10,16,35,36,37,44 Religion 3 Richardson,– 41,43,44 Robinson,– 30 Russell,– 20,23

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St John’s Church 51 Shaw,– 33 Shearing 54-55 Sketching 10 Smart,– 48,49 Smith,– 43 Stephen,– 25,52 Stephens, G. 23,27,42 Sturt, C. Capt 28,29,38,43,44,46,47,53 Stokes,– 21,42,43,45 Supreme Court, 53 Taylor, John 36 Walker, Capt 26,40,41,44,48,49,50,52,54 Watson, Hugh 30,43,44,45,46,51 WATTS,– 19 Weeding,– 27 Weston,– Surgeon 2,29,40,50 Williams,– 20,21,22,23,24,25,28,29,34,37,42,49,54 Wyatt,– 22,28,29,34,36,39,47,50

prg 101/1/1 diary of arthur hardy south australia o … erisipelas is a bacterial skin infection. 10...

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