presentation energy and comfort
TRANSCRIPT
Energy and Comfort in Buildings
Practical assessment University of Minho
Master of Sustainable Rehabilitation And Construction18-Dec-2015
Group 4:Ahmad Alshaghel
Chadi Charles Nisreen ArddaRita Correia
Energy and Comfort in Buildings
• Introduction• Orientation• Window area• Air change rate • HVAC systems• Shading system• DHW systems • Insulation • NZEB• Thermal Comfort
• Introduction
Age of Earth = 4.6 Billion YearAge of Industrial revolution= 300 year
Age =46 years After 1 Minute50% resources
New tenant
Legalization is required Every single movement is required
Building = 40% CO2
• Orientation
B
0.61
Ntc/Nt
Energy Class
Reference Solution, Porto
Heating gains decrease 2%
total energy increase 0.4%
Solution 1
B
0.62
Ntc/Nt
Energy Class
Solution 2
energy for cooling increases around 13%. the total energy increase 6%B
0.66
Ntc/Nt
Energy Class
Solution 3
energy for cooling and cooling about 1%.the total energy increase 1%B
0.61
Ntc/Nt
Energy Class
• WindowsWindow is not hall in the wall
B
0.61
Ntc/Nt
Energy Class
Solution 1
Transmission /cooling decrease about 10%
WW
R 51% 28%
energy for heating decrease about 5%
energy for cooling decrease about 13%
global energy decrease 6%
B
0.58
Ntc/Nt
Energy Class
Solution 2
Transmission /cooling decrease about 10%
WW
R 56.1% 32%
energy for heating decrease about 4%
energy for cooling decrease about 9%
global energy decrease 4.5%
B
0.59
Ntc/Nt
Energy Class
Solution 3
Transmission /cooling decrease about 15%
energy for heating decrease about 8%
energy for cooling decrease about 20%
global energy decrease 10%
B
0.59
Ntc/Nt
Energy Class
Solution 1+ Solution 2
• Air Change rate (Ventilation)Measure of the air volume added to or removed from a space (normally a room or house) divided by the volume of the space.
Reference Solution
First suggested Solution
Air Change rate (Ventilation Rate):
Second suggested Solution
Third suggested Solution
Grids + Ducts
ACr EC
ACr EC
ACr EC
Mechanical Fan+ Ducts
Heat Recovery system
• HVAC (heating and cooling):
Most important factor to distinguish the building thermal comfort, acceptable indoor air quality and the energy consumption
Reference Solution
First suggested Solution
Second suggested Solution
Third suggested Solution
Biomass boiler
EC
EC
EC
water heat pump+ Digital Inverter Ceiling
Wall AC
HVAC (heating and cooling):
Reference
Cooling Heating
First we have to define the composition of the glass used in the case study, where we have by default that the gtvi=0.55 , which in the regulation book in table 12 we can define that the glass used is
Vidro Duplo (int
+ ext) and colorido na massa 5mm + incolor 4 a 8 mm.
• Shading Systems
1. Lona Muito Transparente. (0.64 B) [ Reference case study ]
2. the Portada De Madeira. (0.59 B)
3. Persiana de Reguas de Madeira (0.60 B)
4. Persiana De Reguas Metalicas Ou Plasticas on the south and east and west side only . (0.59 B)
The best solution is the Persiana De Reguas Metalicas ou Plasticas installed only on the south and east and west elevations where it
combines the economical benefits with the sustainable solutions for a better overall project.
• AQS or DHW Domestic Hot Water.Water used, in any type of building, for domestic purposes,
principally drinking, food preparation, sanitation and personal hygiene.
1. Caldeira. The used model is a boiler that works on natural gas, and it is backed up by solar collectors which will renew the heat for the hot water. (0.61 B)
2. Water Heater (liquid fuel). the first solution is a water heater that works on Diesel oil, and it is backed up by solar collectors that renew the heat for the water to stay hot. (0.62 B)
3. Boiler that works on Electricity. the second solution is a boiler that works on electricity and it’s backed up by photovoltaic solar panels that gives renewable electricity to power the boiler in a sustainable way. (0.62 B)
4. Stove Boiler. the third solution is a basic one where it is a stove boiler that boil water on solid fuel and it’s backed up by a geothermal heat pump that renew the heat for the water. (0.56 B)
The best solution is the most organic one and it’s the third one the STOBE BOILER.
InsulationThe possibilities for insulation are
numerous and can be very different both in type, volume, price, and environmental
impact
The 3 SolutionsInternal Insulation
Distributed insulation
External insulation
Building Thermal inertiaASSUMED CONTRIBUTION fromPavements and Separation Walls:
maximum allowed superficial mass (150Kg/m2)reduction factor equal to 1.
Sseparationwalls = 130m2
It = [2 x (150 x 1 x 130) + (150 x 189,12)] / 189,12 = 356 Kg/m2
Plane Thermal bridgesASSUMED
Concrete Intermediate Pillars (0,25m thick)R = 0,25/2,3 = 0,11 [(m2.ºC)/W]
Internal Insulation Distributed insulation
Linear Thermal bridges2 values from the ITeCons online CATALOGUETwo exterior wall junctions and Wall – Frame
junctions
ASSUMED: Insulation material touches de window frame REH - DEFAULT VALUES
Linear Thermal bridges2 Used values from the ITeCons online CATALOGUE
- Internal Insulation
Linear Thermal bridges2 Used values from the ITeCons online CATALOGUE
- Distributed Insulation
Linear Thermal bridges2 Used values from the ITeCons online CATALOGUE
- External Insulation
U- Values Internal Insulation
Results – Internal insulation
Results – Distributed insulation
External InsulationITeCons Online catalogue of
constructive solutions
Results – External insulation
Results - COMPARISON
Results - COMPARISONSAVINGS
Results - COMPARISONCOSTS
Comparison
Hext (W
/°C)
Hint (W
/°C)
Htr (W/°C
)
Qint,i (
kWh/y
ear)
Qsol,i (
kWh/y
ear)
Qg,i (k
Wh/year
)
Qint,v
(kWh/y
ear)
Qsol,v (
kWh/y
ear)
Qg,v (k
Wh/yea
r)ηi
Nic [kW
h/(m2.y
ear]ηv
Nvc [kW
h/(m2.y
ear]
Global
[kWhEP
/m².y
ear]
Ntc/Nt
Classi
ficatio
n
CO2 E
mission
s (t/y
ear)
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
SOLUTION 1SOLUTION 2SOLUTION 3REF
nZEB
• nZEB
PARAMETER SLECTED SOLUTION
1. Orientation R2. Windows 33. Shading 34. Insulation 35. Ventilation R6. HVAC 17. AQS 3
+Efficient shower systems – Class A
+PV Solar system
• nZEB
A+ 0.01
Ntc/Nt
Energy Class
• Thermal Comfort
Thermal Comfort
**The red line represents the comfort zone without an ambient control system**The blue line represents the comfort zone without an ambient control system
Results
Average value of the measured
outside temperature
(7 previous days)Tn-i (ºC)
Outside temperature(Weighted average)
Tmp (ºC)
Tn 13,51
Tn 13,54
14,85Tn 15,49Tn 17,68Tn 16,07Tn 15,58Tn 14,18
Average Tr
between 17h and
18h(Fireplace
OFF)
Average Tr between 18h and 22h30
(Fireplace ON)
Average Tr between 23h
and 1h(Fireplace
stopped being feeded)
18,61 24,37 21,99
Results
14 14.2 14.4 14.6 14.8 15 15.2 15.4 15.6 15.8 1617
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
Tconf + 3ºC / Non HeatedTconf / Non HeatedTconf - 3ºC / Non HeatedMeasured Tr (17h-18h)Measured Tr (23h-1h)Tconf + 3ºC / HeatedTconf / HeatedTconf - 3ºC / HeatedMesured Tr (18h-22h30)
Thank You