History Of PhotographyLate 20th Century

Gary Winogrand• Garry Winogrand (1928-1984) was

a photographer, born in New York City.

• He was a proponent and practitioner of street photography.

• Influenced by Walker Evans and Robert Frank.

• Winogrand died in 1984, leaving behind nearly 300,000 unedited and in many cases undeveloped images.

Jerry Uelsmann

• Jerry Uelsmann, master of the photo montage and pioneer of photo manipulation in the darkroom.

• Uelsmann has been exploring, and pushing, the boundaries of photographic medium for over 40 years.

• Experiments with complex multiple prints, negative imagery and other techniques to convey his personal vision.

Richard Avedon

• His portraits are easily distinguished by their minimalist style, where the person is looking squarely in the camera, posed in front of a sheer white background.

• He is also distinguished by his large prints, sometimes measuring over three feet in height.

• His large-format portrait work of drifters, miners, cowboys and others from the western United States became a best-selling book and traveling exhibit entitled In the American West.

David Hockney• Primarily a painter, Hockney also

worked with photography, or more precisely - photocollaging/ montaging.

• Using varying numbers (~5-150) of small polaroid snaps or photolab-prints of a single subject Hockney arranged a patchwork to make a composite image that he called a “joiner”.

• Because these photos are taken from different perspectives and at slightly different times, the result is work which has an affinity with Cubism.

Diane Arbus

• Photographs depicting outsiders, such as tranvestites, dwarves, giants, prostitutes, and ordinary citizens in poses and settings conveying a disturbing uncanniness.

• Nicole Kidman stars as Arbus in a movie called Fur: An Imaginary Portrait of Diane Arbus. This film will be released on 10 November 2006.

Lucas Samaras

• Lucas Samaras was already known as a sculptor, painter, and performance artist when he began experimenting with photography.

• Used himself as a subject.

• In 1970’s Samaras discovered that the wet dyes of Polaroid prints were highly malleable, allowing him to create what he calls "Photo-Transformations”.

Annie Leibovitz

• Leibovitz is a noted American portrait photographer; her style is marked by a close collaboration between the photographer and the subject.

• In 1975, Leibovitz served as a concert-tour photographer for the The Rolling Stones.

• Since 1983, Leibovitz has worked as a featured portrait photographer for Vanity Fair.

• In 1991, Leibovitz mounted an exhibit at the National Portrait Gallery.

Sandy Skoglund

• Sandy Skoglund (born 11 September 1946) is an American photographer and installation artist.

• Skoglund creates surrealist images by building elaborate sets, furnishing them with carefully selected colored objects, a process of which takes her months to complete.

• Finally, she photographs the set, complete with actors.

• The works are characterized by bright, contrasting colors or a monochromatic color scheme.

Robert Mapplethorpe

• Robert Mapplethorpe was an American photographer, famous for his large-scale, highly-stylized black & white portraits, photos of flowers and male nudes.

• The frank, erotic nature of some of the work of his middle period triggered a more general controversy about the public funding of artworks.

Sebastião Salgado

• Brazilian economist- turned documentary photographer.

• Salgado works on long term, self assigned projects many of which have been published as books.

• His projects often focus on the underprivileged and the working class around the world.

Cindy Sherman

• Sherman works in series, typically photographing herself in a range of costumes.

• For example, Sherman appeared as B-movie and European art film actresses in her landmark series, the Complete Untitled Film Stills, (1977-1980).

• Sherman's recent series, dated 2003, features her as clowns.

• Although Sherman does not consider her work feminist, many of her photo-series, like the 1981 "Centerfolds," call attention to the stereotyping of women in films, television and magazines.

Richard Misrach

• Contemporary landscape photographer concerned with man’s impact on and destruction of the land.

• Richard Misrach has spent most of his career photographing the American desert, revealing it in images that have been described as haunting, potent, and alarming.

James Nachtwey

• James Nachtwey (1948 - ) is one of the most influential photojournalists and war photographers of the late 20th century.

• Has traveled the world covering wars and conflicts, getting injured in the process.

• His photographs of the World Trade center after the 911 bombings are simply amazing.

David LaChapelle

• Uses a distinctive mix of journalistic and surrealistic techniques.

• Advertising/ Fashion photographer who won the 1997 International Center of Photography's Infinity Award.

• Won 1996 VH1 Fashion Award for Photographer of the Year.

Jeff Wall• His themes are primarily social

and political, including urban violence and alienation, racism, poverty, and gender and class conflict.

• Wall distinguishes between unstaged "documentary" pictures, and "cinematographic" pictures, produced using a combination of actors, sets, and special effects.

• His signature works are large, light-boxed transparencies

Thomas Demand

• Photographs can seem convincingly real or strangely artificial. The work of German photographer Thomas Demand achieves a disquieting balance between the two.

• Born in 1964, Demand began as a sculptor and took up photography to record his paper constructions. In 1993 began making constructions for the sole purpose of photographing them.

• Demand begins with a preexisting image taken from the media, usually of a political event, which he translates into a life-size model made of colored paper and cardboard.

• Once they have been photographed, the models are destroyed.