Imperialism in the late C.19th & early C.20th

Imperialism in the late C.19th & early C.20thImperialism in the late C.19th & early C.20thImperialism is empire buildingImperialism in the late C.19th & early C.20thImperialism is empire buildingGlobal European Imperialism started in the C15th under the Portuguese, Dutch and SpanishImperialism in the late C.19th & early C.20thImperialism is empire buildingGlobal European Imperialism started in the C15th under the Portuguese, Dutch and SpanishThese were: Centralised Nation-StatesTechnologically & Militarily advancedAble to avoid major conflict with strong nations around themSea faring nations with ease of access to trade routes

Imperialism in the late C.19th & early C.20thBy the C.19th Industrialisation was the main advantage of the Europeans over their rivals

Industrialisation lets you:Make massive profitsMake cheap goods quicklyCreate new technologiesEducate the massesEmploy your population productivelyMassively grow your populationOutpace your rivals

Imperialism in the late C.19th & early C.20thBy the C.19th Industrialisation was the main advantage of the Europeans over their rivalsThe British (who were the most industrialised) became the greatest colonial power.

Queen Victoria (r.1837-1901)-whom our own colony was named after..No sunset for me..Imperialism in the late C.19th & early C.20thA close second were the FrenchBoth were worried about the Russians and other rivals

One is not amused by Ruskies..Imperialism in the late C.19th & early C.20thNotable Imperial conflicts:The Great Game (1813-1907): British & Russian rivalry over control of Central Asia

Russian encroachment onto Afghan territory makes the British concerned that Russia will launch an attack on India, the Jewel in the British crown..

Imperialism in the late C.19th & early C.20thNotable Imperial conflicts:The Great Game (1813-1907): British & Russian rivalry over control of Central Asia

1838: British attempt to secure region in First Anglo-Afghan War was a disaster as local mobs in Kabul riot and kill Europeans in the streets. The British were soon forced to retreat and were massacred by tribesmen as they fled to India. Imperialism in the late C.19th & early C.20thNotable Imperial conflicts:The Great Game (1813-1907): British & Russian rivalry over control of Central Asia

Subsequently Russia was able to seize provinces of Northern Afghanistan and increase its hold on the region. The British, after winning the Second Anglo-Afghan war in 1880, agreed to recognise Russian control of these areas in exchange for running Afghanistans foreign policy. They remained suspicious of each other however..Imperialism in the late C.19th & early C.20thNotable Imperial conflicts:The Great Game (1813-1907): British & Russian rivalry over control of Central Asia

The caption of the cartoon reads: "If we hadn't a thorough understanding, I (British lion) might almost be tempted to ask what you (Russian bear) are doing there with our little playfellow (Persian cat).

By 1880s The Great Game had shifted focus towards Tibet, China and Korea

Imperialism in the late C.19th & early C.20thNotable Imperial conflicts:Crimean (1853-1856): British, French & Ottomans vs Russians (Stalemate)

Imperialism in the late C.19th & early C.20thNotable Imperial conflicts:Crimean (1853-1856): British, French & Ottomans vs Russians (Stalemate)

Key Outcomes:

Technology (machine gun & artillery) dominant over cavalry and force of numbers.

First European experience of trench-warfare.

Everyone took notes on how a modern war might be run.

Imperialism in the late C.19th & early C.20thNotable Imperial conflicts:Franco-Prussian War 1870-1871Decisive Prussian victory (France shamed, gave up Alsace-Lorraine)

Imperialism in the late C.19th & early C.20thNotable Imperial conflicts:Franco-Prussian War 1870-1871Decisive Prussian victory (France shamed, gave up Alsace-Lorraine)

Key Outcomes:

More modern weapons (pin-loading rifles) and smaller more professional army decisive advantages for Germans.

Led to an increase in militarism and mistrust on the European continent.

Imperialism in the late C.19th & early C.20thNotable Imperial conflicts:Franco-Prussian War 1870-1871Decisive Prussian victory (France shamed, gave up Alsace-Lorraine)

Key Outcomes:

More modern weapons and smaller more professional army decisive advantages for Germans.

Led to an increase in militarism.

Imperialism in the late C.19th & early C.20thNotable Imperial conflicts:Italo-Ethopian Wars (1895-1896) Italy vs Ethiopians & Russians (Ethiopian victory)

Imperialism in the late C.19th & early C.20thNotable Imperial conflicts:Italo-Ethopian Wars (1895-1896) Italy vs Ethiopians & Russians (Ethiopian victory)

Key Outcomes:

Complicated supply lines and harsh climate crippled Italian forces.

First defeat of a white colonial Empire by free African people.

Imperialism in the late C.19th & early C.20thNotable Imperial conflicts:Boer War (1899-1902) Britain & Colonies vs Africaaner Dutch & German (British victory)

Imperialism in the late C.19th & early C.20thNotable Imperial conflicts:Boer War (1899-1902) Britain & Colonies vs Africaaner Dutch & German (British victory)

Key Outcomes:

Well armed, guerilla tactics and knowledge of terrain caused great loss of life to attacking British.

British secured victory through use of colonial troops used to climate conditions (Australians, Canadians, Indians and Nepalese).

First use of concentration camps.

Imperialism in the late C.19th & early C.20thNotable Imperial conflicts:Boer War (1899-1902) Britain & Colonies vs Africaaner (British victory)

Key Outcomes:

British secured victory through use of colonial troops used to climate conditions (Australians, Canadians, Indians and Nepalese).

First use of concentration camps.

Imperialism in the late C.19th & early C.20thNotable Imperial conflicts:Russo-Japanese War (1904-1906) Russia vs Japan (with British ships) (Jap. victory)

Imperialism in the late C.19th & early C.20thNotable Imperial conflicts:Russo-Japanese War (1904-1905) Russia vs Japan (with British ships) (Jap. victory)

Key Outcomes:

Superior range and calibre of heavy guns decisive in Japanese victories on sea. Contributes to Naval Arms race.

First defeat of a European power by an Oriental nation.

Following victory, dominance of region by Japan- Emergence of Japan as an expansive Imperialist nation.

Yellow Peril fear in Australia

Uprisings and discontent weaken Tsarist RussiaImperialism in the late C.19th & early C.20thNotable Imperial conflicts:Russo-Japanese War (1906) Russia vs Japan (with British ships) (Jap. victory)

Imperialism in the late C.19th & early C.20thNotable Imperial conflicts:Russo-Japanese War (1906) Russia vs Japan (with British ships) (Jap. victory)

Imperialism in the late C.19th & early C.20thNotable Imperial conflicts:Russo-Japanese War (1906) Russia vs Japan (with British ships) (Jap. victory)

Imperialism C.19th-C.20thAsia, 1900CE

BritainFranceJapanGermanyOttomanRussiaUSAChina

Imperialism in the late C.19th & early C.20thIn the 1860s Germany and Italy became independent, unified nations and quickly started to create industrial empires and acquire colonies

Imperialism in the late C.19th & early C.20thWhile the British initially saw the Germans under Bismarck as a buffer against the French and Russians, by 1900 the Prussian-led Germans had overtaken the majority of their rivals.

Imperialism C.19th-C.20th

Europe, 1900CEAustria-Hungary

BritainFranceGermanyOttomansRussiaItalyBelgiumImperialism C.19th-C.20thAfrica, 1900CE

Imperialism C.19th-C.20thAsia, 1900CE

BritainFranceJapanGermanyOttomanRussiaUSAChina