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Cognition and LearningCognition and Learning

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Phobias and ConditioningPhobias and Conditioning

Phobias are irrational fears of specific objects, animals, or situations

People acquire phobias through conditioning

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Classical ConditioningClassical ConditioningA learning procedure in

which subjects make associations between a natural stimulus and a neutral stimulus

Ivan PavlovTuning fork/salivation

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The ExperimentThe ExperimentA neutral stimulus can

replace a natural stimulus if it’s presented just before that stimulus

Food = unconditioned stimulus (US)

Salivation = unconditioned response (UR)

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Other TermsOther TermsConditioned stimulus

(CS) = tuning forkSalivation = conditioned

response (CR)Conditioned responses

are learned, not natural or reflexive

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Classical ConditioningClassical Conditioning

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Principles of Principles of Classical ConditioningClassical ConditioningAcquisition of a conditioned response

occurs graduallyTiming is very importantThe intensity of the US