pavement design - 1

Pavement DesignPavement DesignGuest Lecturer Guest Lecturer

Dr. Sirous Alavi, P.E.Dr. Sirous Alavi, P.E.

SSIERRAIERRA TTRANSPORTATION RANSPORTATION EENGINEERSNGINEERS, I, INC.NC.1005 Terminal Way, Suite 1251005 Terminal Way, Suite 125

Reno, Nevada 89502Reno, Nevada 89502

Topics Topics

IntroductionIntroduction Design FactorsDesign Factors Pavement TypesPavement Types

Fundamentals of Pavement DesignFundamentals of Pavement Design AASHTOAASHTO Asphalt InstituteAsphalt Institute

Design FactorsDesign FactorsClimateClimate TrafficTraffic

MaterialMaterialPropertiesProperties

Pavement Pavement StructureStructure

Pavement Pavement ConditionCondition

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ClimateClimate

TemperatureTemperatureMoistureMoisture

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Material PropertiesMaterial Properties

Nondestructive TestingNondestructive TestingField and Laboratory TestingField and Laboratory Testing

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Nondestructive TestingNondestructive Testing

Falling Weight Deflectometer (FWD)Falling Weight Deflectometer (FWD) Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR)Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) Seismic Pavement AnalyzerSeismic Pavement AnalyzerMagnetic Induction Tomography Magnetic Induction Tomography

(MIT)(MIT)

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Falling Weight Falling Weight Deflectometer (FWD)Deflectometer (FWD)

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UsesUses Basis for estimating inBasis for estimating in--situ propertiessitu properties Estimate of structural capacityEstimate of structural capacity Assess variabilityAssess variability Rehabilitation (overlay) designRehabilitation (overlay) design

Ground Penetrating Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR)Radar (GPR) Underground Underground

crosscross--sectional sectional imageimage

Burst of radioBurst of radio--frequency energy frequency energy radiated into the radiated into the ground to detect ground to detect discontinuities in discontinuities in the groundthe ground

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Portable Seismic Pavement Portable Seismic Pavement Analyzer (PSPA)Analyzer (PSPA) Operating Operating

principle is based principle is based on generating on generating and detecting and detecting stress waves in stress waves in the pavement the pavement structurestructure

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Magnetic Induction Magnetic Induction Tomography (MIT)Tomography (MIT) Sensor unit emits Sensor unit emits

electromagnetic electromagnetic pulses and pulses and detects the detects the induced magnetic induced magnetic fieldfield

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Field and Laboratory Field and Laboratory TestingTesting Drilling & SamplingDrilling & Sampling California Bearing Ratio (CBR)California Bearing Ratio (CBR) Resistance Value (RResistance Value (R--value)value) Dynamic Cone Penetrometer (DCP)Dynamic Cone Penetrometer (DCP) TriaxialTriaxial FatigueFatigue

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Drilling and SamplingDrilling and Sampling

CoresCores SoilsSoils BeamsBeams

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California Bearing California Bearing Ratio (CBR)Ratio (CBR) Applying load to a Applying load to a

small penetration small penetration piston at a rate piston at a rate and recording the and recording the total load at a total load at a certain certain penetrationpenetration

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Penetration Piston

Sample

Resistance Value (RResistance Value (R--value)value)

Expresses a Expresses a material's material's resistance to resistance to deformation as a deformation as a function of the ratio function of the ratio of transmitted of transmitted lateral pressure to lateral pressure to applied vertical applied vertical pressurepressure

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Testing Head

Base

Sample

Fluid Under Pressure

Rubber Membrane

Pressure Gauge

Dynamic Cone Dynamic Cone Penetrometer (DCP)Penetrometer (DCP) Supply kinetic Supply kinetic

energy to the energy to the penetrometer, penetrometer, which causes which causes it to move a it to move a distance distance through the through the soilsoil

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Triaxial TestingTriaxial TestingI

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N Most versatile test Most versatile test available to available to determine the determine the stressstress--strain strain properties of soilproperties of soil

Fatigue TestingFatigue TestingI

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Cyclic loading to test Cyclic loading to test specimen specimen

Load can be a repeated Load can be a repeated application of a fixed load application of a fixed load or simulation of inor simulation of in--service service loadsloads

Load may be repeated Load may be repeated millions of cycles at millions of cycles at predefined loading time predefined loading time

Traffic Traffic

Critical factorCritical factorConsider both the loading Consider both the loading

magnitude and configuration and magnitude and configuration and the number of load repetitionsthe number of load repetitions

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Pavement DamagePavement DamageI

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2000 Repetitions < 1 Repetition

Types of EquipmentTypes of Equipment

WeighWeigh--InIn--Motion (WIM)Motion (WIM) Bending Plate, Load Cell, Bending Plate, Load Cell, PiezoPiezo SensorsSensors

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ClassifiersClassifiers Road Tubes, Inductance Road Tubes, Inductance

Loops, Loops, PiezoPiezo Sensor, Video Sensor, Video

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CountersCounters Road Tubes, Inductance Road Tubes, Inductance

Loops, Loops, PiezoPiezo Sensor, Video Sensor, Video

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Pavement ConditionPavement Condition

ProfilerProfilerAutomated Automated

Distress SurveyDistress SurveyManual Distress SurveyManual Distress Survey

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ProfilerProfiler

Comprehensive Comprehensive system that is used system that is used to collect roadway to collect roadway surface data for surface data for determining the ride determining the ride quality quality

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Automated Distress SurveyAutomated Distress SurveyI

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Inspection of Inspection of pavement and pavement and identifying distressesidentifying distresses

High speed High speed equipment that takes equipment that takes picturespictures of of roadwayroadway

Processed manually Processed manually or by computeror by computer

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Images are Images are taken of taken of pavementpavement

Images are Images are digitizeddigitized

Images are Images are storedstored

Images are Images are processed and processed and analyzed

Distresses are Distresses are classified and classified and quantified analyzedquantified

Manual Distress SurveyManual Distress Survey

Distresses separated based on Distresses separated based on pavement typepavement type Rigid, FlexibleRigid, Flexible

Distress Identification Manual Distress Identification Manual (DIM)(DIM)

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Rigid PavementRigid Pavement

Corner BreaksCorner Breaks Durability Durability DD

Cracking Cracking LongitudinalLongitudinal TransverseTransverse

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Joint Seal Joint Seal DamageDamage Longitudinal Longitudinal

Joint SpallingJoint Spalling Transverse Joint Transverse Joint

SpallingSpalling

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Map CrackingMap CrackingScalingScalingPolished Polished

AggregateAggregate

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Flexible PavementFlexible Pavement

Fatigue CrackingFatigue CrackingBlock CrackingBlock Cracking

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Longitudinal Longitudinal Transverse Transverse

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PotholesPotholesPatchesPatches

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RuttingRuttingShovingShoving

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BleedingBleedingRavelingRaveling

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Water Water Bleeding & Bleeding & PumpingPumping

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Types of PavementTypes of Pavement

Rigid PavementsRigid Pavements Acts like beam over any irregularities Acts like beam over any irregularities

in underlying supporting materialin underlying supporting materialFlexible PavementsFlexible Pavements

Layered system in contact with any Layered system in contact with any irregularities in underlying supporting irregularities in underlying supporting materialmaterial

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Constructed of Constructed of portland cement portland cement concrete (PCC)concrete (PCC) Analyzed by the Analyzed by the

Plate TheoryPlate Theory Jointed, Jointed,

Continuously Continuously ReinforcedReinforced

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PCCPCC

BASE (OPTIONAL)BASE (OPTIONAL)

SUBGRADESUBGRADE


Surface constructed Surface constructed of of bitumininousbitumininousmaterialsmaterials

Flexible" since the Flexible" since the total pavement total pavement structure "bends" structure "bends" due to traffic loadsdue to traffic loads

Structure is generally Structure is generally composed of several composed of several layers of materialslayers of materials

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SURFACE (AC)SURFACE (AC)

BASEBASE

SUBBASE (OPTIONAL)SUBBASE (OPTIONAL)

SUBGRADESUBGRADE

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Pavement DesignTopicsDesign FactorsClimateMaterial PropertiesNondestructive TestingFalling Weight Deflectometer (FWD)Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR)Portable Seismic Pavement Analyzer (PSPA)Magnetic Induction Tomography (MIT)Field and Laboratory TestingDrilling and SamplingCalifornia Bearing Ratio (CBR)Resistance Value (R-value)Dynamic Cone Penetrometer (DCP)Triaxial TestingFatigue TestingTrafficPavement DamageTypes of EquipmentTypes of EquipmentTypes of EquipmentPavement ConditionProfilerAutomated Distress SurveyAutomated Distress SurveyManual Distress SurveyRigid PavementRigid PavementRigid PavementFlexible PavementFlexible PavementFlexible PavementFlexible PavementFlexible PavementFlexible PavementTypes of PavementRigid PavementFlexible PavementQuestions

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