pass creek flood recovery project · uls 4 809 166 178 178 10 uls 5 430 14 155 155 114 . bc...

P10014A06

January 2020

Pass Creek Flood Recovery Project

Geotechnical Design Report

Final

200122- R Pass Creek Geotechnical Design Report.docx

P10014A06

Klohn Crippen Berger Ltd. • 500 - 2955 Virtual Way • Vancouver BC V5M 4X6 • CANADA

604.669.3800 t • 604.669.3835 f • www.klohn.com

January 23, 2020

BC Ministry of Transportation and Infrastructure

310 Ward Street

Nelson, British Columbia

V1L 5S4

Mr. David Tracz, P.Eng.

Geotechnical Engineer

Dear Mr. Tracz:



This report summarizes geotechnical analyses and provides geotechnical recommendations to

facilitate the final design of the Pass Creek Crossing of Brown Creek Road (bridge No 10243) near

Grand Forks, BC.

Yours truly,

KLOHN CRIPPEN BERGER LTD.

Jonathan Foote, M.Eng., P.Eng.

Geotechnical Engineer

JF/SA

P10014A06 January 2020



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Final

TABLE OF CONTENTS

200122- R Pass Creek Geotechnical Design

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1 INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND ...................................................................................... 1

2 SUBSURFACE GROUND CONDITIONS ..................................................................................... 2

2.1 Soil ........................................................................................................................... 2

2.2 Groundwater ........................................................................................................... 2

3 SITE CLASSIFICATION AND LIQUEFACTION TRIGGERING ASSESSMENT .................................. 3

4 PILE DESIGN ........................................................................................................................... 4

4.1 Axial Pile Capacity ................................................................................................... 4

4.2 Lateral Pile Analysis and Force-Displacement Relationships ................................... 4

4.3 Pile Drivability ......................................................................................................... 5

5 ABUTMENT SPRINGS FOR SEISMIC SOIL-STRUCTURE INTERACTION ...................................... 6

6 PAVEMENT DESIGN ................................................................................................................ 7

7 RECOMMENDATIONS ............................................................................................................. 8

7.1 Pile Recommendations ............................................................................................ 8

7.2 Groundwater and Dewatering ................................................................................. 9

7.3 Cement Selection .................................................................................................... 9

7.4 Subgrade Preparation and Construction ............................................................... 10

7.5 Geotechnical Construction Field Review ............................................................... 10

8 LIMITATIONS ........................................................................................................................ 11

9 CLOSING ............................................................................................................................... 12

REFERENCES ..................................................................................................................................... 13

List of Tables

Table 1 Pile Load Cases and Factored Loads Per Pile .................................................................. 1

Table 2 Site Class C 5% Damped Response Spectra for 475-Year, 975-Year, and 2,475-Year

Return Earthquakes ........................................................................................................ 3

Table 3 Assumed Soil Parameters for Axial Pile Capacity Assessment ........................................ 4

Table 4 Assumed Soil Parameters for LPILE Analysis .................................................................. 5

Table 5 Wall and Soil Parameters for Passive Resistance Calculation ......................................... 6

Table 6 Shamsabadi et al (2007) Model Parameters .................................................................. 6

Table 7 Soil Chemistry Test Results as Reported by Maxxam ..................................................... 9




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List of Appendices

Appendix I Pass Creek Bridge Draft Layout and Draft Structural Input

Appendix II Force-Displacement Relationships (p-y curves) for Piles

Appendix III Passive Resistance of Abutment

Appendix IV Seismic Deaggregation Plots




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1 INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND

The Pass Creek crossing of Brown Creek Road is located approximately 20 km north of

Grand Forks, BC. The crossing previously comprised a corrugated steel culvert. The culvert was

washed away during a heavy precipitation event and was replaced with a temporary single lane

bridge. Two options were considered for permanent replacement by the MoTI; a box culvert option

and a bridge option, supported by either shallow or deep foundations. A bridge supported by deep

foundations has been adopted as the preferred solution.

The British Columbia Ministry of Transportation and Infrastructure (MoTI) has retained Klohn Crippen

Berger (KCB) to provide geotechnical consulting services for the project under MoTI’s 860CS1395 ‘As

and When’ Geotechnical Engineering Services Agreement. Stantec has been retained to provide

Structural consulting services.

In 2018, KCB conducted a geotechnical exploration program (KCB, 2019). Stantec has conducted the

design for a bridge spanning Pass Creek. The proposed bridge is nominally 8.5 m wide and the

abutments will be supported on driven steel pipe piles (a group of four at each abutment). Select 90%

design drawings and assumptions provided by Stantec are included in Appendix I.

The MoTI has requested that KCB provide the following geotechnical input:

Pile p-y curves for forces acting laterally (90-degrees to the road alignment);

A force-deformation relationship for the bridge abutment diaphragms, for forces acting

longitudinally on the diaphragms (parallel to the road alignment);

A review of assumed pile parameters, recommendations on suitability of assumed pile type,

and assessment of required driving depth of the piles;

Pavement recommendations; and

A review of geotechnical assumptions and provision of general foundation comments.

To assist in the geotechnical assessment of the piles, Stantec provided factored loading conditions for

the piles as shown in Table1 and Appendix I (provided by email on July 16, 2019):

Table 1 Pile Load Cases and Factored Loads Per Pile

Case Axial Load

(kN)

Shear (Vxx)

(kN)

Shear (Vyy)

(kN)

Bending

Moment (Mxx)

(kN-m)

Bending

Moment (Myy)

(kN-m)

SLS 614 85 91 91 8

ULS 1 968 159 171 171 13

ULS 4 809 166 178 178 10

ULS 5 430 14 155 155 114




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2 SUBSURFACE GROUND CONDITIONS

The soil descriptions provided in this report are based on commonly accepted methods of

classification (BC MoTI modified Unified Soil Classification System from ASTM D2487) and

identification employed in geotechnical practice. Classification and identification of soil involves

judgement and KCB does not guarantee descriptions as exact but infers accuracy to the extent that is

common in current geotechnical practice. The locations of stratigraphic boundaries indicated in the

summary logs are inferred from non-continuous SPT sampling and the location of these boundaries

may not be exact given the inherent soil sample disturbance and instances of incomplete sample

recovery by the SPT method. These boundaries may also represent transitions from one soil type to

another and should not necessarily be regarded as the location of a precise or planar contact

between different geological materials. Furthermore, subsurface conditions may vary beyond the drill

hole location, and the depth of a particular stratum or material type is inferred only at the location of

observation.

Detailed soil logs are presented in KCB’s Geotechnical Exploration Program Report (KCB, 2019), along

with a description of methodologies, testing results, and site observations.

2.1 Soil

The soil stratigraphy was interpreted based on field logging of SPT split spoon (S) samples collected,

cuttings returned from the drilling process, drill action and supplemented by laboratory index testing

of select SPT soil samples.

Within the 2 drill holes advanced, two native soil strata (described below in descending order) were

encountered and can generally be summarized as follows:

Cobbly GRAVEL and SAND (GM1) with some silt and inferred boulders – fine to coarse

sub-rounded gravel, medium to coarse sand. Cobbles were present in core samples recovered,

and boulders were noted along the creek banks. The maximum particle size recovered during

the exploration program was 200 mm in length (a section of a cobble or boulder that was

cored through by the diamond bit). SPT N values within this soil unit might have been elevated

by the presence of gravel, cobbles and boulders. This stratum extended from ground surface

(at approximately El. 568 m) to approximately El. 562 m.

SAND and Silt (SM3) – fine to coarse-grained sand, some fine sub-rounded gravel. This stratum

had a brown colour, and compact relative density based on SPT N values ranging from 14 to

22 blows/305 mm. Seams of silty sand and mixtures of silt and sand were noted in this

stratum. The top elevation of this stratum was at approximately El. 562 m and both drill holes

were terminated within this stratum at El. 540.1 m and El. 551.1 m. As such, the maximum

depth of this unit is unknown.

2.2 Groundwater

Due to the presence of the coarse granular native soils observed along and surrounding the creek

channel, the groundwater level is expected to be generally consistent with the creek water level;

fluctuating with seasonal variations in precipitation and snow melt events.




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3 SITE CLASSIFICATION AND LIQUEFACTION TRIGGERING ASSESSMENT

Based on the results of the field exploration program, the site can be classified as Site Class D,

assuming the soils are not subject to liquefaction triggering during the design seismic event.

KCB understands that the bridge is classified as an “Other” bridge in accordance with S6-14, and the

performance level will be “Probable replacement” under 2% in 50-year seismic probability of

exceedance (2,475 year return period).

A seismic hazard calculation and de-aggregation of the hazard for the site was obtained from the

Natural Resources Canada website, and the seismic hazard is summarized in Table 2 for Site Class C.

Detailed results from the de-aggregation are presented in Appendix IV.

Table 2 Site Class C 5% Damped Response Spectra for 475-Year, 975-Year, and 2,475-Year

Return Earthquakes

Period T (second) S(T), 475 Year, (g) S(T), 975-Year, (g) S(T), 2,475-Year, (g)

0.05 0.025 0.041 0.072

0.1 0.036 0.060 0.108

0.2 0.050 0.078 0.132

0.3 0.054 0.080 0.126

0.5 0.051 0.073 0.108

1.0 0.040 0.056 0.081

2.0 0.026 0.037 0.056

5.0 0.0095 0.015 0.025

10.0 0.0037 0.0052 0.0081

PGA 0.022 0.036 0.061

A soil liquefaction assessment was carried out for the 2,475-year earthquake return period using SPT

based liquefaction triggering procedures (Boulanger & Idriss, 2014). A PGA value of 0.14 g (consistent

with amplification reported by Idriss, 1991) and an earthquake moment magnitude of 7.0 were

conservatively selected for the analyses. The calculated Factor of Safety (FoS) was found to be >1.1,

therefore the granular soils at the site are not liquefiable under a 2,475-year return period

earthquake.

As the soils are non-liquefiable under the design event, the site may be classified as Site Class D, and

modification factors from S6-14 may be used to develop the design spectral acceleration values.

Based on the BC supplement to CHBDC S6-14, the seismic performance category is considered “1”.

This assumes that the natural period of the bridge is less than 0.5 s. If the natural period is greater

than 0.5 s, the Seismic Performance Category would be “2”.




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4 PILE DESIGN

4.1 Axial Pile Capacity

KCB conducted an axial resistance assessment of the proposed piles using the effective stress method

(CGS, 2006). Assumed soil properties are shown in Table 3.

Table 3 Assumed Soil Parameters for Axial Pile Capacity Assessment

Parameter Units Upper Cobbly Soils Lower Compact

Sand and Silt

Soil Unit Depth Range - Surface to 6 m Depth2 Below 6 m Depth

Buoyant Unit Weight1 kN/m3 9.2 9.2

Shaft Resistance

Coefficient, β - 0.33 0.5

Notes: 1 – KCB has assumed groundwater is equal to the top of the pile (flood conditions)

2 – The upper gravelly sands were encountered within the upper 6 m during drilling. However, the

abutments will be founded 1.5 m to 2.0 m below existing grade. 6 m has been assumed for the sake of

conservatism, to allow for some pre-drilling beyond the base of the upper coarse-grained soils.

3 – This lower value is reflective of the assumption that the upper 6 m may be pre-drilled.

Resistances from the upper 2 m of the pile were neglected to account for the effects of frost, scour

and cyclic loading. The piles are assumed to be driven from El. 566 m (CGVD28). The 100-year flood

event water level was conservatively assumed, which is above the top of the piles (El 567.05 m,

CGVD28).

Based on a 610-mm diameter steel pipe pile driven open-ended and a geotechnical resistance factor

of 0.4, KCB has calculated that a single pile advanced to a depth of 24 m (tip elevation of 542 m)

would provide a factored resistance of 970 kN (consistent with the ULS1, and the maximum axial

load). This depth assumes that the piles are driven open-ended with an impact hammer from a depth

of 6 m. Actual geotechnical axial resistance of the driven piles should be confirmed during

construction using a pile driving analyzer, or the pile penetration resistance at termination should be

assessed by wave equation analysis. Select piles should be re-struck several days after completion of

initial driving to assess pile set-up and relaxation.

4.2 Lateral Pile Analysis and Force-Displacement Relationships

The computer program LPILE (by Ensoft) was used to assess the lateral pile response due to a lateral

force and bending moment applied at the pile head. The program computes pile head deflection,

bending moment along the pile depth, and shear force over the length of the pile. Force-

displacement curves (p-y) are also calculated using the software program, based on input soil

conditions. Assumed soil parameters for the LPILE analysis are shown in Table 4.




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Table 4 Assumed Soil Parameters for LPILE Analysis

Parameter Units Upper Cobbly Soils Lower Compact Sand

and Silt

Depth Range Surface to 4 m Depth2 Below 4 m Depth

Buoyant Unit Weight1 kN/m3 9.2 9.2

Soil Model Sand (Reese) Sand (Reese)

Friction Angle Degrees 34 34

Notes: 1 – KCB has assumed groundwater is equal to the top of the pile (high water conditions)

2 – While the upper gravelly sands were encountered within the upper 6 m during drilling, the

abutments will be founded 1.5 m to 2.0 m below existing grade.

The LPile analysis was conducted using the shear forces and bending moments provided by Stantec.

Resultant shear forces and bending moments were used. Based on the provided forces and moments

and based on the assumption that these forces and moments are applied at nominally El. 566 m

(CGVD28), KCB estimates the maximum pile tip elevation required to achieve fixity is El. 550 m

(CGVD28).

LPile was also used to develop force-displacement curves. The force-displacement curves were

modified for group effects using the methods outlined by Reece and Van Impe (2011). The resulting

force displacement relationships are presented in Appendix III. The plots show force per linear meter

of pile vs deflection, for one 610 mm diameter driven steel pipe pile. Intermediate values can be

obtained by linear interpolation. Relationships are appropriate for forces applied laterally (90o from

the centreline of the road) and assume that all 4 piles behave as a group (force values are per pile).

Moments were applied to the pile heads, preventing the piles from behaving in a ‘free’ manner. No

geotechnical resistance factor has been applied to these curves. A geotechnical resistance factor of

0.8 would be appropriate to apply during design when assessing lateral deformations (based on

S6-14). Resistances from the upper 2 m of soil should be neglected to account for the effects of frost,

scour and cyclic loading.

4.3 Pile Drivability

KCB understands that a 12.7 mm pipe pile thickness has been adopted. While this thickness is

suitable for the anticipated axial loads, a thicker section would help resist damage to the piles while

driving through the upper coarse materials and would allow for the use of a wider range of pile

driving hammers without causing damage to the piles.

Based on a 12.7 mm pipe pile thickness, and an assumed termination depth of 24 m, a diesel or

hydraulic impact hammer with a rated energy of approximately 100 kNm (100 kJ, nominally 75,000 ft-

lbs) would be appropriate. Drop hammers may require somewhat greater energy due to the lower

hammer efficiency.




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5 ABUTMENT SPRINGS FOR SEISMIC SOIL-STRUCTURE INTERACTION

A force-dependent soil-wall spring relationship was developed from the force vs displacement curves

proposed by Shamsabadi et. al. (2007, 2016). The maximum passive earth force was obtained using

the Mononobe-Okabe model for passive resistance (Seed and Whitman, 1970). Interface friction

between the wall and the soil backfill was ignored. Model parameters are summarized in Table 5 and

Table 6.

Table 5 Wall and Soil Parameters for Passive Resistance Calculation

Parameter Unit Value

Backfill Unit Weight, γ kN/m3 19

Internal Angle of Friction of Backfill, φ Degrees 36

Wall Height, H m 2.6

Wall Skew Degrees 10

Effective Horizontal Acceleration, Kheff G 0.07

Table 6 Shamsabadi et al (2007) Model Parameters

Parameter Unit Value

Maximum Passive Resistance, Fult kN/m 238

kN 1667

K50 kN/cm/m 290

ymax/H % 5

ymax mm 105

A PGA of 0.14 g was conservatively selected. The PGA was reduced by 50% in accordance with CSA

S6-14 to obtain the horizontal acceleration used to calculate the passive earth forces (Kheff).

The equivalent-linear stiffness (Kw, in kN/mm) can be selected based on the plots presented in

Appendix IV, and summarized as follows:

Kw = 390.4 - 0.225F

Where F is total Force in kN

The equivalent-linear stiffness will require using an iterative approach to satisfy both force and

displacement. These plots are for the entire abutment, based on a width of 8.46 m, and have been

adjusted for a 10-degree abutment skew in accordance with Rollins and Jessee (2013). A geotechnical

resistance factor has not been applied to the resulting relationship.




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6 PAVEMENT DESIGN

MoTI has indicated that Brown Creek Road is a ‘Medium Volume’ road. Based on the guidance

provided in MoTI’s TC T-01/15, and based on discussion with the MoTI, the following pavement

structure is appropriate:

75 mm of Asphalt Pavement (AP); over

300 mm of WGB; and

150 mm of SGSB

This pavement design assumes that the sub-grade comprises coarse-grained soils that are

free--draining and not highly susceptible to frost. If during construction, the subgrade is found to

comprise fine-grained soils, an extra 150 mm of SGSB should be incorporated into the design (i.e., use

300 mm of SGSB total, instead of 150 mm).




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7 RECOMMENDATIONS

7.1 Pile Recommendations

Based on soil conditions and anticipated foundation loads, driven steel pipe piles are considered

suitable for foundations. The analyses presented herein are based on 610 mm diameter steel pipe

piles driven open ended. Assuming ASTM A252 Grade 3 steel is used, KCB recommends a pile wall

thicknesses of 15.9 mm or thicker, as this pipe wall thickness will allow for the use of a greater variety

of piling hammers without damaging the piles.

Coarse granular soils were encounter within the uppermost 6 m (cobbles up to 200 mm in diameter

were observed during drilling, with larger diameter boulders inferred, to approximately El. 562 m

CGVD28) during KCB’s exploration program (KCB, 2019). These soils may result in difficult driving

conditions. Piles should be fitted with an appropriate driving shoe to minimize the potential for

damage during driving. Thicker section steel (15.9 mm or 19.0 mm) could also help prevent the piles

from being damaged while driving. Pre-drilling to the base of the coarse soil zone would be an

effective way to mitigate the risk associated with the coarser soils. Un-cased pre-drilling would likely

lead to collapsing conditions, however, and the method selected for pre-drilling should allow for a

means to mitigate this.

Large-diameter riprap was observed at the existing abutments. Removal of the riprap may be

necessary prior to pile driving.

In order to achieve fixity, piles must be driven to at least El. 550 m CGVD28 or deeper. If an

obstruction is encountered during driving, resulting in early refusal of the pile, the obstruction could

be drilled out and the pile re-driven assuming the pile is not damaged.

Final pile hammer selection, damage criteria, and termination criteria should be developed using

wave equation (WEAP) analyses, once a contractor is selected. Piles advanced using vibratory

hammers are likely to develop lower resistances and would likely need to be driven further than

suggested in Section 3.1. If MoTI elects to allow the use of vibratory hammers, the bottom 2 m of

each pile should be driven with an impact hammer to facilitate pile driving analysis (or WEAP

analyses) and confirm axial resistance.

The anticipated pile depth required to achieve the design resistance is based on assumed soil

characteristics. Actual termination depths will depend on the pile driving behaviour. KCB

recommends confirmation of axial capacities on-site during driving using a pile driving analyzer (PDA)

or using wave equation analyses (WEAP analyses). Axial capacity calculations, and estimated total

depths, have accounted for drill-out to a maximum depth of 6 m below pile cutoff. Should the pile be

advanced beyond this drill out depth using any means other than impact driving, the pile would likely

need to be advanced deeper to achieve the required resistance. The construction contract should

include allowances for advancing piles further to achieve the design axial resistance and should allow

for a re-strike to assess the pile set-up or relaxation effects.

Immediately following driving of each pile, the elevation of a punch mark on each pile should be

precisely referenced to a permanent stable benchmark. After adjacent piles are driven, the punch

mark should be re-checked for elevation. Any pile showing more than 5 mm (0.2”) of heave

movement must be re-driven to the specified final set.




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Piles should be inspected after completion of driving by lowering a light to the top of the soil plug.

Damaged or severely bent piles should be rejected and replaced by additional piles, which may

require redesign of the pile cap.

7.2 Groundwater and Dewatering

The depth of the excavation for the pile cap is anticipated to be below the groundwater level. In

order to have a relatively dry excavation base and to prevent base heave, temporary dewatering

measures to approximately 0.5 m below excavation grade should be adopted by the Contractor The

extensive presence of granular soils may result in high inflow rates. The Contractor should select and

design appropriate dewatering measures as temporary works.

A sheet pile cofferdam could be constructed to facilitate construction of the foundations at the

required grades. Sheet piling could also be installed along the inside face and ends of the pile cap to

protect against undermining per S6-14 Section 1.9.5.2.2 (b). However, sheet pile installation may be

difficult to advance if boulders are encountered. Excavation of shallower boulders may assist with

driving of sheet piles.

If open excavation with side slopes is allowed (assuming enough clearance is available), temporary

excavation slopes must comply with current WorkSafeBC Regulations as a minimum. If slope

instability is observed or groundwater seepage is noted on the slopes, flatter slopes than required by

WorkSafeBC would need to be designed by the Contractor to satisfy a minimum factor of safety of 1.3

for temporary excavation.

7.3 Cement Selection

KCB submitted three soil samples to Maxxam for chemistry testing in 2018, as part of the project

geotechnical exploration program (KCB, 2019). The soil was not tested in accordance with

CSA A23.2-3B per BC MoTI’s General Advisory on Environmental Testing Requirements for Concrete

Deterioration as this document was issued after completion of the exploration program. Maxxam

conducted the testing in accordance with environmental standard SM 22 4500-S042, which is similar

to CSA A23.2-3B. The soil sample location, soil types, and test results are summarized in Table 7.

Table 7 Soil Chemistry Test Results as Reported by Maxxam

Drill Hole Sample

ID

Depth

(m) Soil Type pH

Soluble

Sulphate

(%)

Soluble

Chloride

(mg/L)

Resistivity

(ohm-m)

DH18-02 S-2 3.05 to

3.66

Well-graded Gravel

and Sand, some silt 8.59 <0.1 15 3759

DH18-02 S-3 4.57 to

5.18

Well-graded Gravel

and Sand, some silt 7.97 <0.1 26 4098

DH18-02 S-6 12.19 to

12.80

Well-graded Sand and

Silt 8.19 <0.1 <10 6410




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Based on the testing results, all samples had water soluble sulphate (SO4) less than 0.1%. CSA

A23.1/A23.2 indicates that for soils with less than 0.1% water-soluble sulphate, the degree of

exposure is less than the threshold for ‘Moderate’ and would not require special cementing materials

be used. However, the samples were not tested in accordance with CSA A23.2-3B as requested in

MoTI’s advisory on Environmental Testing Requirements, additional testing may be required prior to

or during construction.

7.4 Subgrade Preparation and Construction

Subgrade preparation and construction should be conducted in accordance with the MoTI’s Standard

Specifications for Highway Construction, and should consist of the following procedures:

1. The existing surface should be excavated to strip and remove uncompacted fill, organic soils,

vegetation, rock fill, and other deleterious materials. Sufficient stripping should be conducted

to facilitate placement of the minimum thickness of the design pavement structure. Any

topsoil should be stockpiled for re-use on the final slopes.

2. The subgrade should be proof-rolled with a minimum 10 tonne vibratory roller and inspected

to identify soft or loose areas.

3. Any soft areas should be removed and replaced with a suitable subgrade fill. The depth and

extent of over excavation should be reviewed by a geotechnical engineer during construction.

Any questionable material encountered during grading should be brought to the attention of

the geotechnical engineer. Subgrade fill should be placed in a manner consistent with MoTI

Standard Specifications for Highway Construction, Section 201.37.

4. Loose areas of cohesionless soils (sand and gravel) can usually be improved with extra

compaction and if necessary, the addition of water. Inspection of loosened areas should be

performed by a geotechnical engineer.

5. Final grading of the subgrade and each subsequent road base layer should include a suitable

crown to direct drainage from the centre to the outer edges of the road.

7.5 Geotechnical Construction Field Review

Pavement subgrade soils should be inspected prior to placement of sub-base fill to confirm subgrade

conditions are consistent with the design recommendations provided herein. Geotechnical design

revisions may be required if differing subgrade conditions are observed.

Upon submission of the details of the contractors driving equipment, a geotechnical engineer should

conduct a WEAP analysis to assess the termination criteria and driveability for the piles. The

geotechnical engineer should be present on-site during driving to assess if the piles have achieved the

termination criteria by the recommended penetration depth, and if not, how much deeper they need

to be driven to satisfy the load resistance requirements.




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8 LIMITATIONS

This report is an instrument of service of Klohn Crippen Berger (KCB). The report has been prepared

for the exclusive use of British Columbia Ministry of Transportation and Infrastructure (Client) for the

specific application to the Pass Creek Flood Recovery Project, and it may not be relied upon by any

other party without KCB's written consent.

KCB has prepared this report in a manner consistent with the level of care, skill and diligence

ordinarily provided by members of the same profession for projects of a similar nature at the time

and place the services were rendered. KCB makes no warranty, express or implied.

Use of or reliance upon this instrument of service by the Client is subject to the following conditions:

1. The report is to be read in full, with sections or parts of the report relied upon in the context

of the whole report.

2. The observations, findings and conclusions in this report are based on observed factual data

and conditions that existed at the time of the work and should not be relied upon to precisely

represent conditions at any other time.

3. The report is based on information provided to KCB by the Client or by other parties on behalf

of the client (Client-supplied information). KCB has not verified the correctness or accuracy of

such information and makes no representations regarding its correctness or accuracy. KCB

shall not be responsible to the Client for the consequences of any error or omission contained

in Client-supplied information.

4. KCB should be consulted regarding the interpretation or application of the findings and

recommendations in the report.

The analyses, conclusions and recommendations contained in this report are based on data derived

from a limited number of test holes obtained from widely-spaced subsurface explorations. The test

hole data indicate subsurface conditions at the specific locations where samples were obtained or

where in-situ tests were conducted, and only at the time they were obtained and to the depths

penetrated. The samples and tests cannot be relied upon to accurately reflect the nature and extent

of variations in strata and material parameters that may exist between sampling or testing locations.

The recommendations contained in this report have been based in part on assumptions about strata

variations between test holes that will not become evident until construction or further investigation.

During construction, Klohn Crippen Berger (KCB) should be retained for field review to observe

encountered subsurface conditions. If variations or other latent conditions become evident during

construction, KCB will re-evaluate the recommendations in this report. KCB cannot assume

responsibility or liability for the adequacy of its recommendations without the appropriate level of

field review.

Although KCB has explored subsurface conditions as part of this program, KCB has not conducted

analytical laboratory testing of samples or evaluated the site for the potential presence of

contaminated soil or evaluated groundwater conditions.




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REFERENCES

Canadian Geotechnical Society (CGS). 2006. Canadian Foundation Engineering Manual, 4th Edition.

Richmond, BC: BiTech Publisher Ltd.

Canadian Standards Association (CSA). 2014. Canadian Highway Bridge Design Code and

Commentary. CSA Standard S6-14. Toronto, ON: CSA.

Khalili-Tehrani, P., A. Shamsabadi, J.P. Stewart, and E. Taciroglu. 2016. “Backbone curves with physical

parameters for passive lateral response of homogeneous abutment backfills”. Bulletin Earthquake

Engineering. 14:3003-3023. European Association for Earthquake Engineering.

Klohn Crippen Berger (KCB). 2019. Pass Creek Flood Recovery Project, Report on Geotechnical

Exploration Program. Report dated August 9, 2019.

Reese, L.C., W.F. Van Impe. 2011. Single Piles and Pile Groups Under Lateral Loading, 2nd Edition. Boca

Raton, Florida: CRC Press.

Rollins, K.M., and S.J. Jessee. 2013. “Passive Force-Deflection Curves for Skewed Abutments.” Journal

of Bridge Engineering. 18(10): 1086-1094. ASCE.

Seed, H.B., and R.V. Whitman. 1970. “Design of Earth Retaining Structures for Dynamic Loads.” In

Proceedings of the ASCE Specialty Conference: Lateral Stresses in the Ground and Design of Earth

Retaining Structures, 103–47.

Idriss, I M. 1991. “Earthquake Ground Motions at Soft Soil Sites.” Proceedings of 2nd Int. Conf. on

Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics, 2265–73.

Shamsabadi, A., K.M. Rollins, and M. Kapuskar. 2007. “Nonlinear Soil-Abutment-Bridge Structure

Interaction for Seismic Performance-Based Design.” Journal of Geotechnical and

Geoenvironmental Engineering. 133(6): 707-720. ASCE.




Final


Report.docx


APPENDIX I

Pass Creek Bridge Draft Layout and Draft Structural Input

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Final


Report.docx


APPENDIX II

Seismic De-Aggregation Plots

2015 National Building Code Seismic Hazard CalculationINFORMATION: Eastern Canada English (613) 995-5548 francais (613) 995-0600 Facsimile (613) 992-8836

Western Canada English (250) 363-6500 Facsimile (250) 363-6565

Site: 49.187 N, 118.459 W User File Reference: Pass Creek Grand Forks

Requested by: Ryan Liu, Klohn Crippen Berger

November 15, 2018

National Building Code ground motions: 2% probability of exceedance in 50 years (0.000404 per annum)

Sa(0.05) Sa(0.1) Sa(0.2) Sa(0.3) Sa(0.5) Sa(1.0) Sa(2.0) Sa(5.0) Sa(10.0) PGA (g) PGV (m/s)

Ground motions for other probabilities:

Probability of exceedance per annum

Probability of exceedance in 50 years

Sa(0.05)

Sa(0.1)

Sa(0.2)

Sa(0.3)

Sa(0.5)

Sa(1.0)

Sa(2.0)

Sa(5.0)

Sa(10.0)

PGA

PGV

0.010

40%

0.0021

10%

0.001

5%

0.072 0.108 0.132 0.126 0.108 0.081 0.056 0.025 0.0081 0.061 0.103

0.0075

0.011

0.018

0.022

0.023

0.017

0.011

0.0034

0.0014

0.0069

0.017

0.025

0.036

0.050

0.054

0.051

0.040

0.026

0.0095

0.0037

0.022

0.043

0.041

0.060

0.078

0.080

0.073

0.056

0.037

0.015

0.0052

0.036

0.065

Notes. Spectral (Sa(T), where T is the period in seconds) and peak ground acceleration (PGA) values aregiven in units of g (9.81 m/s2). Peak ground velocity is given in m/s. Values are for "firm ground" (NBCC2015 Site Class C, average shear wave velocity 450 m/s). NBCC2015 and CSAS6-14 values are specified inbold font. Three additional periods are provided - their use is discussed in the NBCC2015 Commentary.Only 2 significant figures are to be used. These values have been interpolated from a 10-km-spaced gridof points. Depending on the gradient of the nearby points, values at this location calculated directlyfrom the hazard program may vary. More than 95 percent of interpolated values are within 2 percentof the directly calculated values.

References

National Building Code of Canada 2015 NRCC no. 56190;

Appendix C: Table C-3, Seismic Design Data for Selected Locations in

Canada

User’s Guide - NBC 2015, Structural Commentaries NRCC no.

xxxxxx (in preparation)

Commentary J: Design for Seismic Effects

Geological Survey of Canada Open File 7893 Fifth Generation

Seismic Hazard Model for Canada: Grid values of mean hazard to be

used with the 2015 National Building Code of Canada

See the websites www.EarthquakesCanada.ca

and www.nationalcodes.ca for more information

Aussi disponible en francais

Natural ResourcesCanada

Ressources naturellesCanada CanadaCanada

119˚W 118.5˚W 118˚W

49˚N

49.5˚N

0 10 20 30

km

Requested by: Bingsheng Liu, Klohn Crippen Berger 2018/11/15

For site N/A, BC at 49.187 N 118.459 W

For ground motion parameter peak ground acceleration (PGA)

at a probability of 0.002100 per annum, seismic hazard = 0.022 g

Soil Class C, 2015 Geological Survey of Canada 5th Generation model as prepared for NBCC2015

Mean magnitude (Mw) 6.44

Mode magnitude (Mw) 4.850

Mean distance 150 km

Mode distance 30 km

Deaggregation of mean hazard

Model: SWCan_2015clC.model

5.0 5.0

5.5 5.5

6.0 6.0

6.5 6.5

7.0 7.0

7.5 7.5

8.0 8.0

8.5 8.5

9.0 9.0

40

40

120

120

200

200

280

280

360

360

440

440

520

520

600

600

680

680

760

760

9 19 6 18 18 8 16 17 9 25 16 11 4 14 14 12 5 2 13 12 12 6 3 13 11 12 8 4 2 12 9 12 9 5 3 12 8 11 9 6 4 2 12 6 10 9 7 5 3 1 11 5 8 8 7 5 3 2 11 4 7 7 6 5 4 2 11 4 6 6 6 5 4 3 1 11 3 5 6 6 5 4 3 2 11 2 4 5 5 5 4 3 2 1

2 3 4 4 5 4 3 2 1 12 3 3 4 4 4 4 2 1 1 11 2 3 3 4 4 4 2 2 1 11 2 2 3 4 4 4 3 2 1 1 11 2 2 2 3 4 4 3 2 1 1 11 1 2 2 3 3 3 3 2 1 1 1

1 1 1 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 11 1 1 1 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1

1 1 1 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 11 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 11 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

1

11 1

2 2 13 3 26 5 4

10 9 718 15 1315 13 119 7 6

Ma

gn

itu

de

(M

w)

Hypocentral Distance (km)

per mil (‰) contributionsTotal shown = 973‰

35 35 34 37 38 37 41 41 43 44 40 37 37 36 32 29 29 27 28 26 23 16 15 15 10 11 12

1

1 2 5 8 15 26 46 39 22

tota

l p

er

mil

ha

za

rd c

on

trib

utio

n b

y m

ag

nitu

de

49 156 148 105 79 69 58 46 32 19 12 11 9 6 2 4 2 1 63 54 44 2 2

total per mil hazard contribution by distance

0100

200300

400500

600700

800

Hypocentral Distance (km)4.5

5.05.5

6.06.5

7.07.5

8.08.5

9.09.5

Magnitu

de (Mw)

% C

on

trib

utio

n t

o H

aza

rd

1

Total shown = 1000‰

Seismic Hazard Deaggregationcalculated by the Canadian Hazards Information Service

INFORMATION: EarthquakesCanada.nrcan.gc.ca

Eastern Canada (613) 995-5548 Western Canada (250) 363-6500



Ressources naturellesCanada Canada

CANADA

GE

OL

OG

ICA

L S

U

RVEY - COMMIS

SIO

N G

˘OL

OG

IQU

E1842



For ground motion parameter peak ground velocity (PGV)

at a probability of 0.002100 per annum, seismic hazard = 0.043 m/s





Mode distance 630 km



5.0 5.0

5.5 5.5

6.0 6.0

6.5 6.5

7.0 7.0

7.5 7.5

8.0 8.0

8.5 8.5

9.0 9.0

40

40

120

120

200

200

280

280

360

360

440

440

520

520

600

600

680

680

760

760

33 12 12 12 12 22 2 12 2 11 2 1 11 2 2 1 11 2 2 1 1 11 2 2 1 1 1 11 2 2 1 1 1 1 11 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1

2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 11 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 11 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 11 2 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 2 2 1 2 1 1 1 11 1 1 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 11 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 1 1 2 2 2 3 3 2 2 1 11 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 2 1 1 1

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 3 3 3 4 4 3 2 1 11 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 3 3 4 4 4 3 2 1 1 1 2 4 3 2 2 11 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 3 3 4 5 5 4 3 2 1 1 1 1 1 1

1 1 1 1 2 2 3 4 5 5 4 3 2 1 1 1 2 1 1 11 1 1 1 2 2 3 3 5 5 4 3 2 1 1 1 2 2 1 11 1 1 1 1 2 2 3 5 6 5 4 3 1 1 1 1 1

1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 3 35 1 1 1 11 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 5 1 2 1 1

917

1 321 12 14 27 3

12 64 4 36 6 6

10 10 917 16 1528 27 2523 22 2013 13 12

Ma

gn

itu

de

(M

w)



3 4 3 3 3 4 5 5 5 7 8 9 10 12 16 18 19 23 26 31 37 35 50 45 42 42 40 58 26 9 17 33 2 3 6 10 18 11 18 29 48 80 65 38

tota

l p

er

mil

ha

za

rd c

on

trib

utio

n b

y m

ag

nitu

de

24 30 25 20 15 14 17 18 16 14 13 24 29 30 38 43 43 34 25 15 110 105 90 27 79 35 7 13 10 8 4 1


0100

200300

400500

600700

800


5.05.5

6.06.5

7.07.5

8.08.5

9.09.5

Magnitu

de (Mw)

% C

on

trib

utio

n t

o H

aza

rd

12

3








CANADA

GE

OL

OG

ICA

L S

U

RVEY - COMMIS

SIO

N G

˘OL

OG

IQU

E1842



For ground motion parameter spectral acceleration with a period of 0.05 seconds






Mode distance 30 km



5.0 5.0

5.5 5.5

6.0 6.0

6.5 6.5

7.0 7.0

7.5 7.5

8.0 8.0

8.5 8.5

9.0 9.0

40

40

120

120

200

200

280

280

360

360

440

440

520

520

600

600

680

680

760

760

10 23 9 18 21 11 26 19 13 4 15 17 14 5 24 15 15 7 3 13 13 15 8 4 2 13 11 14 10 5 3 12 9 13 10 7 4 2 12 8 12 10 7 5 3 12 6 10 10 8 6 4 2 11 5 9 9 8 6 4 2 11 4 7 8 7 6 4 3 1 11 4 6 7 6 6 5 3 1 11 3 5 6 6 6 5 3 2 11 2 4 5 5 5 5 3 2 1 1

2 3 4 4 5 5 4 2 1 12 3 4 4 4 4 4 2 1 1 11 2 3 3 4 4 4 2 2 1 11 2 2 3 4 4 4 2 2 1 1 11 2 2 2 3 4 3 3 2 1 1 11 1 2 2 3 3 3 2 2 1 1 1

1 1 1 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 11 1 1 1 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1

1 1 1 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 11 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 11 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

1 1 12 2 14 3 26 5 4

11 9 79 8 65 4 4

Ma

gn

itu

de

(M

w)



43 42 43 43 45 46 47 48 48 49 45 42 40 38 34 31 30 27 27 25 22 15 15 14 9 9 10

3 5 9 15 27 23 13

tota

l p

er

mil

ha

za

rd c

on

trib

utio

n b

y m

ag

nitu

de

50 168 172 122 90 78 67 49 30 20 13 11 9 5 2 1 38 32 25


0100

200300

400500

600700

800


5.05.5

6.06.5

7.07.5

8.08.5

9.09.5

Magnitu

de (Mw)

% C

on

trib

utio

n t

o H

aza

rd

12








CANADA

GE

OL

OG

ICA

L S

U

RVEY - COMMIS

SIO

N G

˘OL

OG

IQU

E1842









Mode distance 30 km



5.0 5.0

5.5 5.5

6.0 6.0

6.5 6.5

7.0 7.0

7.5 7.5

8.0 8.0

8.5 8.5

9.0 9.0

40

40

120

120

200

200

280

280

360

360

440

440

520

520

600

600

680

680

760

760

10 26 12 28 24 14 4 16 21 16 5 15 18 16 7 2 14 16 17 9 3 13 13 16 10 5 2 13 11 15 11 6 3 12 9 14 11 7 4 2 12 8 12 11 8 5 3 12 6 10 10 9 7 4 2 11 5 9 9 8 6 4 2 11 4 7 8 7 6 5 3 1 11 4 6 7 7 6 5 3 1 11 3 5 6 6 6 5 3 2 11 2 4 5 5 5 5 3 2 1

2 3 4 4 5 4 3 2 1 12 3 3 4 4 4 3 2 1 11 2 3 3 4 4 3 2 1 1 11 2 2 3 3 4 3 2 1 1 11 2 2 2 3 3 3 2 1 1 11 1 2 2 3 3 3 2 1 1 1 1

1 1 1 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 11 1 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 1

1 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 11 1 1 1 11 1 1 1 1 11 1 1 1 1 1 1

1 12 1 13 2 15 4 38 6 57 5 44 3 2

Ma

gn

itu

de

(M

w)



50 51 49 49 50 50 50 50 50 51 45 43 41 38 33 29 27 25 23 21 21 14 13 12 5 6 7

2 4 6 12 19 16 9

tota

l p

er

mil

ha

za

rd c

on

trib

utio

n b

y m

ag

nitu

de

50 178 188 134 96 78 66 45 26 13 9 10 7 2 1 30 22 16


0100

200300

400500

600700

800


5.05.5

6.06.5

7.07.5

8.08.5

9.09.5

Magnitu

de (Mw)

% C

on

trib

utio

n t

o H

aza

rd

12








CANADA

GE

OL

OG

ICA

L S

U

RVEY - COMMIS

SIO

N G

˘OL

OG

IQU

E1842









Mode distance 30 km



5.0 5.0

5.5 5.5

6.0 6.0

6.5 6.5

7.0 7.0

7.5 7.5

8.0 8.0

8.5 8.5

9.0 9.0

40

40

120

120

200

200

280

280

360

360

440

440

520

520

600

600

680

680

760

760

9 17 6 17 17 8 26 16 10 3 15 15 11 4 2 14 14 12 6 3 13 12 13 8 4 2 13 10 13 9 5 3 2 12 9 12 10 7 4 3 1 12 7 11 10 8 6 4 2 12 6 10 9 8 7 5 3 2 11 5 8 9 8 7 5 3 2 11 4 7 8 7 7 5 4 2 1 1 11 3 6 7 6 6 5 4 3 1 1 11 3 5 6 6 6 5 4 3 2 1 1 11 2 4 5 5 6 5 4 3 2 1 1 1

2 3 4 5 5 5 4 3 2 1 1 12 3 3 4 5 5 4 3 2 2 2 1 11 2 3 3 4 5 4 3 2 2 2 1 11 2 2 3 4 4 4 3 2 2 2 2 1 11 2 2 2 3 4 4 3 2 2 2 2 1 11 1 2 2 3 3 3 3 2 2 2 2 1 1 1

1 1 1 2 2 2 2 1 1 2 2 1 1 11 1 1 1 2 2 2 1 1 2 1 1 1 1

1 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 11 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 11 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 11 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 1 1

11 1 12 1 14 3 26 5 36 4 33 2 2

Ma

gn

itu

de

(M

w)



33 34 36 38 40 43 46 49 51 53 49 48 44 44 40 36 37 33 33 31 29 20 18 16 11 11 12

1 3 4 9 14 13 7

tota

l p

er

mil

ha

za

rd c

on

trib

utio

n b

y m

ag

nitu

de

48 148 151 116 92 84 75 58 43 25 19 23 18 11 8 8 5 2 1 23 16 12


0100

200300

400500

600700

800


5.05.5

6.06.5

7.07.5

8.08.5

9.09.5

Magnitu

de (Mw)

% C

on

trib

utio

n t

o H

aza

rd

1








CANADA

GE

OL

OG

ICA

L S

U

RVEY - COMMIS

SIO

N G

˘OL

OG

IQU

E1842









Mode distance 30 km



5.0 5.0

5.5 5.5

6.0 6.0

6.5 6.5

7.0 7.0

7.5 7.5

8.0 8.0

8.5 8.5

9.0 9.0

40

40

120

120

200

200

280

280

360

360

440

440

520

520

600

600

680

680

760

760

7 9 26 10 3 16 11 5 15 11 6 2 14 11 8 3 2 13 10 9 5 2 1 13 9 9 6 4 2 1 12 8 9 7 5 3 2 1 12 7 9 8 6 5 3 2 1 12 6 8 8 7 6 4 3 2 1 1 11 5 7 7 6 6 5 3 2 1 1 1 11 4 6 7 6 6 5 4 3 2 1 1 11 3 5 6 6 6 5 4 3 2 1 2 1 11 3 5 5 5 6 5 4 3 2 2 2 1 1 11 2 4 4 5 5 5 5 3 3 2 2 2 1 1

2 3 4 4 5 5 5 4 3 2 3 2 1 1 12 3 3 4 4 5 5 4 3 2 3 3 2 1 11 2 3 3 4 4 4 4 3 2 3 3 2 2 1 11 2 2 3 4 4 4 4 3 3 3 3 2 2 1 11 2 2 2 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 3 2 2 2 11 1 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 2 3 3 2 2 2 1 1

1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 2 2 2 1 11 1 1 1 2 2 2 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 1 1

1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 11 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 2 1 11 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 1 1

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 111 1

1 11 1 13 2 15 3 28 6 57 5 44 3 2

Ma

gn

itu

de

(M

w)



18 20 23 25 29 31 35 38 44 49 46 47 46 46 45 45 45 42 42 40 37 29 24 22 14 15 15 1 2

2 3 6 10 19 16 9

tota

l p

er

mil

ha

za

rd c

on

trib

utio

n b

y m

ag

nitu

de

45 117 110 89 76 74 68 61 48 37 29 37 34 23 23 21 13 8 2 29 21 15


0100

200300

400500

600700

800


5.05.5

6.06.5

7.07.5

8.08.5

9.09.5

Magnitu

de (Mw)

% C

on

trib

utio

n t

o H

aza

rd

1








CANADA

GE

OL

OG

ICA

L S

U

RVEY - COMMIS

SIO

N G

˘OL

OG

IQU

E1842












5.0 5.0

5.5 5.5

6.0 6.0

6.5 6.5

7.0 7.0

7.5 7.5

8.0 8.0

8.5 8.5

9.0 9.0

40

40

120

120

200

200

280

280

360

360

440

440

520

520

600

600

680

680

760

760

5 35 4 14 5 14 5 23 6 3 13 6 3 1 12 6 4 2 1 12 6 5 3 2 1 12 5 5 4 3 2 1 11 5 6 4 3 3 2 1 1 11 4 5 4 4 3 2 2 1 1 1 1 11 4 5 4 4 3 3 2 2 1 1 1 1 11 3 4 4 4 4 3 3 2 1 1 1 1 1 11 3 4 4 4 4 3 3 2 2 1 2 2 1 1 11 2 3 4 4 4 4 3 3 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 1

2 3 3 3 4 4 4 3 2 2 3 3 2 2 2 1 12 3 3 3 4 4 4 3 3 2 3 3 3 3 2 2 11 2 3 3 3 4 4 3 3 3 4 4 3 3 3 2 1 11 2 2 2 3 4 4 3 3 3 4 5 4 4 4 3 2 11 1 2 2 3 3 4 3 3 3 5 5 4 5 5 4 2 1 11 1 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 4 5 4 5 5 4 3 2 1

1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 3 4 4 4 5 4 3 2 11 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 4 5 4 3 2 1

1 1 1 1 2 2 1 2 3 3 3 4 5 5 4 2 1 11 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 3 4 4 3 2 11 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 4 4 3 2 1

1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 4 4 3 2 1 11 1 1 1 1 1 11 1 1 1 1 1 1

2 1 13 2 24 4 38 6 5

13 11 911 9 87 5 4

Ma

gn

itu

de

(M

w)



8 10 10 11 13 14 16 20 23 27 30 33 34 38 41 44 48 50 54 57 56 44 42 42 28 27 26 7 7

4 7 11 19 33 28 16

tota

l p

er

mil

ha

za

rd c

on

trib

utio

n b

y m

ag

nitu

de

36 75 65 53 48 47 48 47 38 33 31 44 50 43 46 52 44 31 19 8 50 38 32


0100

200300

400500

600700

800


5.05.5

6.06.5

7.07.5

8.08.5

9.09.5

Magnitu

de (Mw)

% C

on

trib

utio

n t

o H

aza

rd

1








CANADA

GE

OL

OG

ICA

L S

U

RVEY - COMMIS

SIO

N G

˘OL

OG

IQU

E1842












5.0 5.0

5.5 5.5

6.0 6.0

6.5 6.5

7.0 7.0

7.5 7.5

8.0 8.0

8.5 8.5

9.0 9.0

40

40

120

120

200

200

280

280

360

360

440

440

520

520

600

600

680

680

760

760

222 12 12 12 2 12 2 12 3 1 11 3 2 1 11 3 2 1 1 1 11 3 2 2 1 1 1 11 3 3 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 11 2 3 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 11 2 3 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 11 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 1 1

2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 11 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 2 1 11 2 2 2 2 3 3 2 2 2 3 4 4 4 4 4 3 2 1 11 2 2 2 2 3 3 2 2 2 4 4 4 5 5 5 4 2 1 1 11 1 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 4 5 5 6 6 6 5 3 2 1 11 1 1 1 2 2 3 2 2 3 4 5 5 6 7 6 5 4 2 1 1 1

1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 3 4 5 6 7 7 6 4 2 2 1 11 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 3 4 4 6 7 7 6 4 3 2 1 1

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 3 4 4 6 7 7 6 5 3 2 1 11 1 1 1 1 2 3 3 4 6 6 5 4 2 2 1 1

1 1 1 1 2 3 3 4 5 5 4 3 2 1 1 11 1 1 1 1 2 2 3 4 5 4 3 2 1 1

1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 11 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 1

12

12 1

2 2 24 3 37 6 5

11 10 920 17 1516 14 139 8 7

Ma

gn

itu

de

(M

w)



2 2 3 3 3 5 5 7 8 10 12 16 22 24 31 34 41 51 57 67 65 61 58 58 44 38 32 17 16

1 2

1 3 6 10 18 30 52 43 24

tota

l p

er

mil

ha

za

rd c

on

trib

utio

n b

y m

ag

nitu

de

23 35 32 27 24 24 27 29 25 23 26 41 50 50 63 71 69 56 40 23 85 71 60 3 4 1


0100

200300

400500

600700

800


5.05.5

6.06.5

7.07.5

8.08.5

9.09.5

Magnitu

de (Mw)

% C

on

trib

utio

n t

o H

aza

rd

1








CANADA

GE

OL

OG

ICA

L S

U

RVEY - COMMIS

SIO

N G

˘OL

OG

IQU

E1842












5.0 5.0

5.5 5.5

6.0 6.0

6.5 6.5

7.0 7.0

7.5 7.5

8.0 8.0

8.5 8.5

9.0 9.0

40

40

120

120

200

200

280

280

360

360

440

440

520

520

600

600

680

680

760

760

11111111 11 11 1 11 1 11 1 1 11 1 1 1 11 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 11 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 11 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 11 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 3 3 3 2 1 1 11 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 1 1 2 3 3 3 4 4 3 2 1 1 11 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 4 5 5 4 3 2 1 1 11 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 3 4 4 5 6 6 5 4 2 2 1 1

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 3 4 5 7 7 6 5 3 2 1 11 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 3 3 5 7 7 7 5 3 2 1 1 1

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 3 4 5 8 9 8 6 4 3 2 1 11 1 1 1 2 2 3 4 6 7 6 5 4 2 1 1 1

1 1 2 2 3 3 6 7 7 5 4 2 1 1 11 1 2 2 3 6 7 7 6 5 3 1 1

1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 81 1 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1

37

1411 12 15 29 4

4 3 36 6 5

10 9 917 16 1529 27 2524 22 2014 13 12

Ma

gn

itu

de

(M

w)



1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 5 9 16 18 25 30 40 50 58 56 55 63 48 46 45 26 17 3 7 14 1 2 3 7 13 10 17 28 48 81 66 39

tota

l p

er

mil

ha

za

rd c

on

trib

utio

n b

y m

ag

nitu

de

15 14 13 12 12 11 14 15 14 14 14 27 34 37 48 66 70 61 48 32 125 108 99 4 18 34 8


0100

200300

400500

600700

800


5.05.5

6.06.5

7.07.5

8.08.5

9.09.5

Magnitu

de (Mw)

% C

on

trib

utio

n t

o H

aza

rd

12








CANADA

GE

OL

OG

ICA

L S

U

RVEY - COMMIS

SIO

N G

˘OL

OG

IQU

E1842












5.0 5.0

5.5 5.5

6.0 6.0

6.5 6.5

7.0 7.0

7.5 7.5

8.0 8.0

8.5 8.5

9.0 9.0

40

40

120

120

200

200

280

280

360

360

440

440

520

520

600

600

680

680

760

760

11 11 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 11 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 11 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 1 1 11 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 11 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 2 1 1 11 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 3 3 4 4 4 4 3 2 1 1 1

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 3 3 4 5 5 5 3 2 2 1 11 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 3 3 4 5 6 5 4 3 2 1 1 1

1 1 1 1 1 1 2 3 3 5 6 6 6 5 3 2 2 1 11 1 1 2 3 3 4 5 5 5 4 3 2 1 1 1

1 1 2 2 3 4 4 5 4 3 2 2 1 1 1 1 11 1 1 2 2 3 4 4 4 3 2 2 1 1 1 1

1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 2 23 1 1 11 1 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 4 1 2 1 1

818

1 371 13 15 3

10 520 10

5 4 48 7 7

13 12 1222 21 2036 34 3329 28 2717 16 16

Ma

gn

itu

de

(M

w)



1 2 9 16 22 27 33 42 45 48 51 42 38 33 45 25 8 18 38 2 4 8 15 30 13 22 37 63 103 84 49

tota

l p

er

mil

ha

za

rd c

on

trib

utio

n b

y m

ag

nitu

de

8 8 8 7 8 8 8 9 10 10 21 28 29 41 46 48 44 34 22 147 133 128 5 40 89 23 1 5 3 2


0100

200300

400500

600700

800


5.05.5

6.06.5

7.07.5

8.08.5

9.09.5

Magnitu

de (Mw)

% C

on

trib

utio

n t

o H

aza

rd

12

3








CANADA

GE

OL

OG

ICA

L S

U

RVEY - COMMIS

SIO

N G

˘OL

OG

IQU

E1842












5.0 5.0

5.5 5.5

6.0 6.0

6.5 6.5

7.0 7.0

7.5 7.5

8.0 8.0

8.5 8.5

9.0 9.0

40

40

120

120

200

200

280

280

360

360

440

440

520

520

600

600

680

680

760

760

1 1 1 1 1 11 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 1 1 11 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 2 1 1 11 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 3 3 2 1 1 11 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 3 3 4 5 5 5 4 2 2 1 1 11 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 3 3 4 5 6 6 6 4 3 2 2 1 1

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 3 4 5 7 7 7 5 4 3 2 1 1 11 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 3 4 6 7 7 7 6 4 3 2 1 1 1

1 1 1 1 1 1 3 3 4 6 7 8 8 6 4 3 2 2 1 11 1 1 2 3 3 5 6 6 6 5 4 3 2 1 1 1 1

1 1 2 3 3 4 5 5 5 4 3 2 2 1 1 1 1 11 1 1 2 2 3 4 4 4 3 2 2 1 1 1 1

1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 21 1 1 11 1 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 3 1 1 1 1

715

1 301 12 14 28 4

14 74 4 36 6 6

10 10 917 16 1528 26 2523 22 2013 13 12

Ma

gn

itu

de

(M

w)



6 8 22 33 39 48 57 60 62 64 52 45 33 43 23 7 15 31 2 3 6 12 21 11 18 29 48 79 65 38

tota

l p

er

mil

ha

za

rd c

on

trib

utio

n b

y m

ag

nitu

de

5 5 4 6 8 8 8 9 11 12 26 32 37 52 62 63 62 48 33 126 115 102 8 5 30 71 21 1 5 3 2


0100

200300

400500

600700

800


5.05.5

6.06.5

7.07.5

8.08.5

9.09.5

Magnitu

de (Mw)

% C

on

trib

utio

n t

o H

aza

rd

12

3








CANADA

GE

OL

OG

ICA

L S

U

RVEY - COMMIS

SIO

N G

˘OL

OG

IQU

E1842









Mode distance 30 km



5.0 5.0

5.5 5.5

6.0 6.0

6.5 6.5

7.0 7.0

7.5 7.5

8.0 8.0

8.5 8.5

9.0 9.0

40

40

120

120

200

200

280

280

360

360

440

440

520

520

600

600

680

680

760

760

16 16 214 18 312 19 5 110 19 7 18 19 9 27 18 11 3 16 17 12 5 25 15 13 6 3 14 13 13 8 4 2 13 12 13 9 5 3 13 10 12 9 6 3 2 12 8 11 9 6 4 2 12 7 10 8 6 4 2 11 6 9 8 6 4 3 1 11 5 7 7 6 5 3 2 11 4 6 6 6 5 3 2 11 3 5 6 5 5 4 2 1 11 3 5 5 5 5 4 3 1 11 2 4 4 4 5 4 3 2 1

2 3 4 4 4 4 3 2 1 12 3 3 3 4 4 3 2 1 11 1 2 2 2 3 2 1 1 1 11 1 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 11 1 1 1 2 2 2 1 1 1 1

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 11 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

1 1 1 1 1 1

1 1 13 2 15 4 39 7 5

16 13 1014 11 98 6 5

Ma

gn

itu

de

(M

w)



34 35 37 37 38 40 42 43 45 46 46 43 40 39 37 34 33 33 30 28 26 17 16 14 8 8 6

3 6 12 21 39 34 19

tota

l p

er

mil

ha

za

rd c

on

trib

utio

n b

y m

ag

nitu

de

98 221 166 110 79 63 47 31 17 11 5 6 1 56 44 34


0100

200300

400500

600700

800


5.05.5

6.06.5

7.07.5

8.08.5

9.09.5

Magnitu

de (Mw)

% C

on

trib

utio

n t

o H

aza

rd

1








CANADA

GE

OL

OG

ICA

L S

U

RVEY - COMMIS

SIO

N G

˘OL

OG

IQU

E1842












5.0 5.0

5.5 5.5

6.0 6.0

6.5 6.5

7.0 7.0

7.5 7.5

8.0 8.0

8.5 8.5

9.0 9.0

40

40

120

120

200

200

280

280

360

360

440

440

520

520

600

600

680

680

760

760

4333 13 13 13 23 2 12 3 12 3 1 12 3 2 12 3 2 1 11 3 2 1 1 11 3 2 1 1 1 11 3 2 2 1 1 1 11 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 11 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 11 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 11 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 11 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 11 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 11 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 3 3 3 2 1 1 1 1 1 11 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 3 3 3 4 4 3 2 1 1 1

1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 3 2 1 1 11 1 1 1 1 1 2 3 3 3 4 4 3 2 1 1 1 11 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 3 5 5 4 3 2 1

1 1 1 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 2 21 11 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 3 1 1

61223

12 13 16 3

11 56 5 49 8 8

15 14 1326 24 2143 40 3636 33 3021 19 18

Ma

gn

itu

de

(M

w)



4 3 3 4 4 4 5 6 6 7 8 9 9 10 12 12 15 19 23 25 31 26 33 37 32 34 35 38 20 6 12 23 1 3 4 9 16 15 25 42 71 119 99 58

tota

l p

er

mil

ha

za

rd c

on

trib

utio

n b

y m

ag

nitu

de

40 42 28 22 16 18 17 15 13 11 10 20 23 22 26 31 30 23 15 9 162 143 130 23 56 21 1 6 3 1


0100

200300

400500

600700

800


5.05.5

6.06.5

7.07.5

8.08.5

9.09.5

Magnitu

de (Mw)

% C

on

trib

utio

n t

o H

aza

rd

12

34








CANADA

GE

OL

OG

ICA

L S

U

RVEY - COMMIS

SIO

N G

˘OL

OG

IQU

E1842








Mean distance 86 km

Mode distance 30 km



5.0 5.0

5.5 5.5

6.0 6.0

6.5 6.5

7.0 7.0

7.5 7.5

8.0 8.0

8.5 8.5

9.0 9.0

40

40

120

120

200

200

280

280

360

360

440

440

520

520

600

600

680

680

760

760

18 22 315 23 512 23 7 110 23 9 29 22 12 3 17 20 14 5 16 18 15 6 2 15 16 16 8 3 14 14 15 10 5 2 13 12 15 11 6 3 13 10 13 10 6 4 2 12 8 12 10 7 4 2 12 7 10 9 7 5 3 11 6 9 8 6 5 3 1 11 5 8 7 6 5 3 2 11 4 6 7 6 5 4 2 11 3 5 6 5 5 4 2 11 3 5 5 5 5 4 3 1 11 2 4 4 4 4 4 3 1 1

2 3 4 4 4 4 3 2 12 3 3 3 4 4 3 2 1 11 1 2 2 2 2 2 1 11 1 2 2 2 2 2 1 11 1 1 1 2 2 2 1 1 1 1

1 1 1 1 1 1 11 1 1 1 1 1 1

1 1 1 1 1 1

11 1 12 1 14 3 27 5 46 5 34 3 2

Ma

gn

itu

de

(M

w)



43 43 43 44 47 47 48 49 51 51 49 46 44 40 38 36 32 33 28 27 26 14 14 14 7 7 6

1 3 4 9 16 14 9

tota

l p

er

mil

ha

za

rd c

on

trib

utio

n b

y m

ag

nitu

de

102 248 192 125 84 66 48 31 16 9 2 4 25 18 13


0100

200300

400500

600700

800


5.05.5

6.06.5

7.07.5

8.08.5

9.09.5

Magnitu

de (Mw)

% C

on

trib

utio

n t

o H

aza

rd

12








CANADA

GE

OL

OG

ICA

L S

U

RVEY - COMMIS

SIO

N G

˘OL

OG

IQU

E1842








Mean distance 73 km

Mode distance 30 km



5.0 5.0

5.5 5.5

6.0 6.0

6.5 6.5

7.0 7.0

7.5 7.5

8.0 8.0

8.5 8.5

9.0 9.0

40

40

120

120

200

200

280

280

360

360

440

440

520

520

600

600

680

680

760

760

18 27 515 28 7 113 27 10 211 26 12 39 24 14 4 17 22 16 6 26 19 17 8 3 15 17 17 9 4 2 14 14 16 10 5 2 13 12 15 11 7 4 2 13 10 14 11 7 4 2 12 9 12 10 7 4 2 12 7 10 9 7 4 3 11 6 9 8 6 5 3 11 5 8 7 6 5 3 2 11 4 6 6 5 4 3 2 11 3 5 6 5 4 3 2 11 3 5 5 5 4 3 2 11 2 4 4 4 4 3 2 1 1

2 3 4 4 4 3 2 1 12 3 3 3 3 3 2 1 11 1 2 2 2 2 2 11 1 1 2 2 2 2 1 11 1 1 1 2 2 2 1 1

1 1 1 1 1 11 1 1 1 1

1 1 1 1

11 12 1 14 3 24 2 22 1 1

Ma

gn

itu

de

(M

w)



50 51 52 52 52 53 54 55 52 55 52 47 43 39 38 32 30 29 26 24 21 13 13 12 6 5 4

1 2 4 9 8 4

tota

l p

er

mil

ha

za

rd c

on

trib

utio

n b

y m

ag

nitu

de

104 272 211 132 88 63 44 28 13 5 14 8 6


0100

200300

400500

600700

800


5.05.5

6.06.5

7.07.5

8.08.5

9.09.5

Magnitu

de (Mw)

% C

on

trib

utio

n t

o H

aza

rd

12








CANADA

GE

OL

OG

ICA

L S

U

RVEY - COMMIS

SIO

N G

˘OL

OG

IQU

E1842








Mean distance 85 km

Mode distance 30 km



5.0 5.0

5.5 5.5

6.0 6.0

6.5 6.5

7.0 7.0

7.5 7.5

8.0 8.0

8.5 8.5

9.0 9.0

40

40

120

120

200

200

280

280

360

360

440

440

520

520

600

600

680

680

760

760

15 15 213 17 411 18 6 110 19 8 28 19 10 3 17 18 12 5 2 16 17 13 6 3 15 15 14 8 4 2 14 13 15 10 6 3 2 13 12 14 11 7 4 2 13 10 13 10 7 5 3 2 12 8 11 10 7 5 3 2 12 7 10 9 7 6 4 2 11 6 9 8 7 6 4 3 1 11 5 7 8 7 6 5 3 2 11 4 6 7 6 6 5 3 2 1 11 3 5 6 6 6 5 4 2 1 1 11 3 5 5 5 5 5 4 2 1 1 11 2 4 4 5 5 5 4 3 2 1 1 1

2 3 4 4 5 5 4 3 2 1 1 12 3 3 3 4 4 4 3 2 1 1 11 1 2 2 2 3 2 2 1 1 1 11 1 1 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 11 1 1 1 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1

1 1 1 1 1 1 11 1 1 1 1 1 1

1 1 1 1 1 1

11 12 1 14 2 13 2 12 1 1

Ma

gn

itu

de

(M

w)



32 34 36 39 41 45 46 49 54 54 54 49 48 46 45 42 41 38 38 35 31 19 16 15 7 7 6

1 2 4 7 6 4

tota

l p

er

mil

ha

za

rd c

on

trib

utio

n b

y m

ag

nitu

de

95 218 177 125 94 79 63 46 28 14 9 10 7 1 1 13 7 4


0100

200300

400500

600700

800


5.05.5

6.06.5

7.07.5

8.08.5

9.09.5

Magnitu

de (Mw)

% C

on

trib

utio

n t

o H

aza

rd

1








CANADA

GE

OL

OG

ICA

L S

U

RVEY - COMMIS

SIO

N G

˘OL

OG

IQU

E1842









Mode distance 30 km



5.0 5.0

5.5 5.5

6.0 6.0

6.5 6.5

7.0 7.0

7.5 7.5

8.0 8.0

8.5 8.5

9.0 9.0

40

40

120

120

200

200

280

280

360

360

440

440

520

520

600

600

680

680

760

760

11 7 110 9 29 11 38 12 4 17 13 6 2 16 13 8 3 1 15 13 10 5 2 14 13 11 6 3 2 14 12 12 8 5 3 2 13 10 12 9 6 4 3 2 13 9 11 9 7 5 3 2 1 12 8 10 9 7 5 4 3 1 12 7 9 8 7 6 4 3 2 1 1 11 6 8 8 7 6 5 3 2 1 1 1 11 5 7 7 6 6 5 4 3 2 1 1 11 4 6 6 6 6 5 4 3 2 1 1 11 3 5 6 5 6 5 4 3 2 2 2 1 11 3 4 5 5 5 5 5 3 2 2 2 1 1 11 2 4 4 4 5 5 5 3 3 2 2 2 1 1

2 3 4 4 5 5 5 4 3 2 2 2 1 1 11 3 3 3 4 4 4 3 3 2 2 2 1 1 11 1 2 2 2 3 3 2 2 1 2 2 1 1 11 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 2 2 1 1 11 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 1

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 11 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 11 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

11 12 1 14 2 17 4 36 4 23 2 1

Ma

gn

itu

de

(M

w)



19 21 23 25 29 32 36 40 47 50 51 50 51 50 49 46 46 45 44 44 37 26 22 22 13 12 13

1 2 4 7 14 12 6

tota

l p

er

mil

ha

za

rd c

on

trib

utio

n b

y m

ag

nitu

de

80 166 142 107 85 79 66 55 38 28 20 23 20 11 10 8 4 1 24 14 8


0100

200300

400500

600700

800


5.05.5

6.06.5

7.07.5

8.08.5

9.09.5

Magnitu

de (Mw)

% C

on

trib

utio

n t

o H

aza

rd

1








CANADA

GE

OL

OG

ICA

L S

U

RVEY - COMMIS

SIO

N G

˘OL

OG

IQU

E1842












5.0 5.0

5.5 5.5

6.0 6.0

6.5 6.5

7.0 7.0

7.5 7.5

8.0 8.0

8.5 8.5

9.0 9.0

40

40

120

120

200

200

280

280

360

360

440

440

520

520

600

600

680

680

760

760

8 27 37 4 16 5 16 6 25 7 3 14 8 4 1 14 8 5 2 1 13 8 6 3 2 1 13 8 7 4 3 2 1 12 7 7 5 3 2 2 1 12 6 7 5 4 3 2 2 1 12 6 6 5 4 3 3 2 1 1 1 1 11 5 6 5 4 4 3 2 2 1 1 1 1 11 4 6 5 4 4 4 3 2 2 1 1 1 1 11 4 5 5 4 4 4 3 3 2 2 2 2 1 1 11 3 4 5 4 4 4 4 3 2 2 3 2 2 1 1 11 3 4 4 4 4 5 4 3 3 2 3 3 2 2 2 1 11 2 3 4 4 4 5 4 4 3 3 4 4 3 3 2 2 1

2 3 3 3 4 5 5 4 3 3 4 4 4 3 3 2 1 11 2 3 3 4 4 4 4 3 3 4 4 4 4 3 2 1 11 1 2 2 2 3 3 2 2 2 3 4 3 4 4 3 2 11 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 4 3 2 11 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 4 3 2 1 1

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 3 3 3 2 11 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 3 3 2 1 11 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 3 3 2 1 1

1 1 1 1 1 1 11 1 1 1 1 1 1

1 1 13 2 15 4 38 6 5

15 12 913 10 87 6 4

Ma

gn

itu

de

(M

w)



10 10 12 12 14 16 18 21 24 29 30 33 36 37 40 44 46 51 56 57 54 44 38 39 25 24 23 7 7

3 6 12 19 36 31 17

tota

l p

er

mil

ha

za

rd c

on

trib

utio

n b

y m

ag

nitu

de

65 105 85 64 53 53 53 45 37 30 27 39 40 35 34 35 28 18 8 3 52 41 31


0100

200300

400500

600700

800


5.05.5

6.06.5

7.07.5

8.08.5

9.09.5

Magnitu

de (Mw)

% C

on

trib

utio

n t

o H

aza

rd

1








CANADA

GE

OL

OG

ICA

L S

U

RVEY - COMMIS

SIO

N G

˘OL

OG

IQU

E1842












5.0 5.0

5.5 5.5

6.0 6.0

6.5 6.5

7.0 7.0

7.5 7.5

8.0 8.0

8.5 8.5

9.0 9.0

40

40

120

120

200

200

280

280

360

360

440

440

520

520

600

600

680

680

760

760

3333 13 13 23 2 13 3 12 3 2 12 4 2 1 12 4 3 1 1 12 4 3 2 1 1 1 11 4 3 2 2 1 1 1 11 3 3 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 11 3 3 3 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 11 3 3 3 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 11 3 3 3 2 3 3 2 2 2 1 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 11 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 2 2 1 11 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 2 2 3 4 3 4 4 3 2 1 1

2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 5 4 5 5 4 3 2 1 11 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 5 5 5 5 5 4 2 1 11 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 4 4 4 5 6 5 4 3 2 1 11 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 3 4 4 5 6 6 5 3 2 1 11 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 3 4 4 6 7 6 5 3 2 1 1

1 1 1 1 1 1 2 3 3 4 5 5 4 3 2 1 11 1 1 1 1 1 2 3 3 4 5 5 4 3 2 1 1

1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 3 4 5 4 3 2 1 11 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 1 11 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 1 1

1

11 1

3 2 25 4 38 7 6

15 12 1026 22 1922 19 1613 11 9

Ma

gn

itu

de

(M

w)



3 3 3 4 4 5 6 7 8 10 12 15 16 22 26 31 38 48 53 60 62 55 55 57 39 39 34 15 15

1

1 2 7 12 21 37 67 57 33

tota

l p

er

mil

ha

za

rd c

on

trib

utio

n b

y m

ag

nitu

de

39 50 40 31 26 30 31 29 27 24 23 38 45 42 53 58 53 43 29 18 102 83 65 2 2


0100

200300

400500

600700

800


5.05.5

6.06.5

7.07.5

8.08.5

9.09.5

Magnitu

de (Mw)

% C

on

trib

utio

n t

o H

aza

rd

12








CANADA

GE

OL

OG

ICA

L S

U

RVEY - COMMIS

SIO

N G

˘OL

OG

IQU

E1842












5.0 5.0

5.5 5.5

6.0 6.0

6.5 6.5

7.0 7.0

7.5 7.5

8.0 8.0

8.5 8.5

9.0 9.0

40

40

120

120

200

200

280

280

360

360

440

440

520

520

600

600

680

680

760

760

11111111 11 11 1 11 2 11 2 1 11 2 1 1 11 2 2 1 1 1 11 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 11 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 11 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 1 1 11 2 2 2 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 1

1 2 2 1 2 2 2 2 1 1 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 2 1 11 2 2 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 4 4 4 3 2 1 1 11 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 3 3 4 5 5 4 3 2 1 11 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 3 3 4 5 5 5 3 2 1 11 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 3 3 5 7 7 6 4 3 2 1 1

1 1 1 1 1 2 3 3 4 6 6 5 4 3 2 1 11 1 1 1 1 2 3 3 4 6 6 5 4 3 2 1 11 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 3 6 7 6 5 4 2 1 1

1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 41 1 1 2 2 3 2 2 1 1 1 1

249

12 14 28 4

5 4 49 8 7

15 13 1225 23 2143 39 3636 33 3021 19 17

Ma

gn

itu

de

(M

w)



1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 3 4 5 6 9 16 20 24 31 40 47 43 44 54 45 45 46 20 18 2 4 9

1 3 6 12 13 24 40 69 118 99 57

tota

l p

er

mil

ha

za

rd c

on

trib

utio

n b

y m

ag

nitu

de

18 24 21 16 11 12 16 14 14 12 12 24 30 30 41 52 52 45 33 22 168 148 131 15 23 4


0100

200300

400500

600700

800


5.05.5

6.06.5

7.07.5

8.08.5

9.09.5

Magnitu

de (Mw)

% C

on

trib

utio

n t

o H

aza

rd

12

34








CANADA

GE

OL

OG

ICA

L S

U

RVEY - COMMIS

SIO

N G

˘OL

OG

IQU

E1842












5.0 5.0

5.5 5.5

6.0 6.0

6.5 6.5

7.0 7.0

7.5 7.5

8.0 8.0

8.5 8.5

9.0 9.0

40

40

120

120

200

200

280

280

360

360

440

440

520

520

600

600

680

680

760

760

1 11 1 11 1 11 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 11 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 11 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 11 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 3 3 3 2 2 1 11 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 3 4 4 3 2 1 1 11 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 3 3 4 4 4 4 3 2 1 1 1

1 1 1 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 4 3 2 1 1 11 1 1 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 3 2 2 1 11 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 3 3 3 3 2 2 1 1

1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 91 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 2 1

41024

12 14 29 5

19 97 6 6

11 11 1020 18 1733 31 2957 54 5047 44 4228 26 24

Ma

gn

itu

de

(M

w)



2 3 3 9 15 19 25 31 35 42 35 32 28 26 19 4 10 24 1 3 6 14 28 19 32 55 93 161 133 78

tota

l p

er

mil

ha

za

rd c

on

trib

utio

n b

y m

ag

nitu

de

4 10 9 7 6 6 9 9 9 8 8 16 20 22 28 32 31 27 20 13 211 197 180 35 58 9 1


0100

200300

400500

600700

800


5.05.5

6.06.5

7.07.5

8.08.5

9.09.5

Magnitu

de (Mw)

% C

on

trib

utio

n t

o H

aza

rd

12

34

5








CANADA

GE

OL

OG

ICA

L S

U

RVEY - COMMIS

SIO

N G

˘OL

OG

IQU

E1842












5.0 5.0

5.5 5.5

6.0 6.0

6.5 6.5

7.0 7.0

7.5 7.5

8.0 8.0

8.5 8.5

9.0 9.0

40

40

120

120

200

200

280

280

360

360

440

440

520

520

600

600

680

680

760

760

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 11 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 11 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 11 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 2 1 1 11 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 3 3 4 4 4 4 3 2 1 1 11 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 3 3 5 5 5 5 4 2 2 1 11 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 3 4 5 6 6 6 4 3 2 1 1 1

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 3 4 6 7 7 7 5 3 2 2 1 11 1 1 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 6 6 4 3 2 2 1 11 1 1 1 1 2 3 3 4 5 5 5 3 2 2 1 1 11 1 1 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 4 3 2 2 1 1

1 1 1 2 3 3 3 2 2 1 1 1 1 111 1 1 2 2 3 3 2 2 1 1 1 2 1 1

51023

12 14 27 4

14 75 5 49 8 8

15 14 1325 23 2142 39 3635 32 3020 19 17

Ma

gn

itu

de

(M

w)



8 19 26 33 42 48 55 60 50 42 36 33 24 5 10 23 1 3 6 11 21 14 25 42 69 117 97 56

tota

l p

er

mil

ha

za

rd c

on

trib

utio

n b

y m

ag

nitu

de

7 7 7 6 7 10 10 10 10 10 23 28 32 43 50 50 50 34 24 168 152 138 4 28 55 11 1 1


0100

200300

400500

600700

800


5.05.5

6.06.5

7.07.5

8.08.5

9.09.5

Magnitu

de (Mw)

% C

on

trib

utio

n t

o H

aza

rd

12

34








CANADA

GE

OL

OG

ICA

L S

U

RVEY - COMMIS

SIO

N G

˘OL

OG

IQU

E1842








Mean distance 76 km

Mode distance 10 km



5.0 5.0

5.5 5.5

6.0 6.0

6.5 6.5

7.0 7.0

7.5 7.5

8.0 8.0

8.5 8.5

9.0 9.0

40

40

120

120

200

200

280

280

360

360

440

440

520

520

600

600

680

680

760

760

26 1023 12 121 14 118 16 216 18 414 20 6 112 20 8 210 21 10 3 19 20 12 4 17 19 14 6 2 16 17 14 7 3 15 15 14 7 3 1 14 13 13 8 4 2 13 12 13 8 4 2 13 10 12 8 5 3 12 9 11 8 5 3 2 12 7 10 8 5 4 2 12 6 9 7 5 4 2 11 5 8 7 5 4 3 2 11 4 7 6 5 4 3 2 11 4 6 6 5 4 3 2 1

2 3 3 3 3 2 1 12 3 3 3 3 2 2 11 2 3 2 3 2 2 11 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

1 1 1 1 1 1 11 1 1 1 1 1 1

11 12 1 14 3 29 6 48 6 45 3 2

Ma

gn

itu

de

(M

w)



36 36 36 36 38 41 42 45 46 49 48 46 45 43 42 41 39 36 36 33 32 18 19 16 8 7 7

1 2 4 9 19 18 10

tota

l p

er

mil

ha

za

rd c

on

trib

utio

n b

y m

ag

nitu

de

186 278 186 108 64 45 28 17 9 30 20 13


0100

200300

400500

600700

800


5.05.5

6.06.5

7.07.5

8.08.5

9.09.5

Magnitu

de (Mw)

% C

on

trib

utio

n t

o H

aza

rd

12








CANADA

GE

OL

OG

ICA

L S

U

RVEY - COMMIS

SIO

N G

˘OL

OG

IQU

E1842












5.0 5.0

5.5 5.5

6.0 6.0

6.5 6.5

7.0 7.0

7.5 7.5

8.0 8.0

8.5 8.5

9.0 9.0

40

40

120

120

200

200

280

280

360

360

440

440

520

520

600

600

680

680

760

760

555444 14 14 14 24 2 13 3 13 3 13 3 2 13 4 2 12 4 2 1 12 4 2 1 1 12 4 3 2 1 1 11 4 3 2 1 1 1 11 3 3 2 1 1 1 1 11 3 3 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 11 3 3 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 11 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 11 2 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 11 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 1

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 3 2 2 1 11 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 3 3 2 1 1

1 1 1 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 81 1 1 2 2 2 2 1 1 1

35

11

12 14 27 4

7 6 512 10 920 18 1535 31 2761 54 4751 45 3930 26 23

Ma

gn

itu

de

(M

w)



5 5 5 4 4 5 5 5 6 7 7 7 9 10 10 11 14 14 14 21 25 20 19 26 24 26 27 21 14 3 5 11

1 3 6 11 18 31 53 93 162 135 79

tota

l p

er

mil

ha

za

rd c

on

trib

utio

n b

y m

ag

nitu

de

65 50 35 22 15 13 13 10 9 8 8 14 14 14 16 17 16 11 6 4 216 190 165 14 28 8


0100

200300

400500

600700

800


5.05.5

6.06.5

7.07.5

8.08.5

9.09.5

Magnitu

de (Mw)

% C

on

trib

utio

n t

o H

aza

rd

12

34

56








CANADA

GE

OL

OG

ICA

L S

U

RVEY - COMMIS

SIO

N G

˘OL

OG

IQU

E1842








Mean distance 53 km

Mode distance 10 km



5.0 5.0

5.5 5.5

6.0 6.0

6.5 6.5

7.0 7.0

7.5 7.5

8.0 8.0

8.5 8.5

9.0 9.0

40

40

120

120

200

200

280

280

360

360

440

440

520

520

600

600

680

680

760

760

30 14 126 16 123 19 220 21 318 23 5 115 24 7 113 24 10 211 23 12 3 19 22 14 5 17 21 15 7 2 16 18 15 7 3 15 16 15 8 3 14 14 14 8 4 2 13 12 13 8 4 2 13 10 12 8 5 2 12 9 11 8 5 3 1 12 7 10 7 5 3 2 12 6 8 7 5 3 2 11 5 7 6 5 3 2 11 4 6 6 5 4 2 1 11 4 6 5 4 4 3 2 1

2 3 3 3 2 2 1 12 3 3 3 2 2 1 11 2 2 2 2 2 1 11 1 1 1 1 1 1

1 1 1 1 1 11 1 1 1 1 1 1

1 12 1 12 1 11 1

Ma

gn

itu

de

(M

w)



45 43 44 44 47 47 49 50 51 53 50 48 47 43 41 40 37 34 30 30 30 17 17 13 7 6 7

2 4 4 2

tota

l p

er

mil

ha

za

rd c

on

trib

utio

n b

y m

ag

nitu

de

202 318 198 108 63 38 24 13 6 6 4 2


0100

200300

400500

600700

800


5.05.5

6.06.5

7.07.5

8.08.5

9.09.5

Magnitu

de (Mw)

% C

on

trib

utio

n t

o H

aza

rd

12








CANADA

GE

OL

OG

ICA

L S

U

RVEY - COMMIS

SIO

N G

˘OL

OG

IQU

E1842








Mean distance 46 km

Mode distance 10 km



5.0 5.0

5.5 5.5

6.0 6.0

6.5 6.5

7.0 7.0

7.5 7.5

8.0 8.0

8.5 8.5

9.0 9.0

40

40

120

120

200

200

280

280

360

360

440

440

520

520

600

600

680

680

760

760

32 18 128 20 225 23 321 25 418 26 6 116 26 8 113 26 11 211 25 13 4 19 23 15 5 28 21 16 7 3 16 19 15 7 3 15 16 15 8 3 14 14 14 8 4 2 14 12 13 8 4 2 13 10 12 7 4 2 12 9 10 7 4 2 12 7 9 7 4 2 12 6 8 6 4 3 1 11 5 7 6 4 3 2 11 4 6 5 4 3 2 11 4 5 5 4 3 2 1

2 3 3 2 2 1 12 3 3 2 2 1 11 2 2 2 2 1 11 1 1 1 1 1 1

1 1 1 1 1 11 1 1 1 1 1

11

Ma

gn

itu

de

(M

w)



51 50 51 50 51 51 52 54 54 56 51 48 47 44 39 35 32 31 29 26 25 14 14 11 7 6 6

1 1

tota

l p

er

mil

ha

za

rd c

on

trib

utio

n b

y m

ag

nitu

de

212 345 204 105 57 34 18 10 2


0100

200300

400500

600700

800


5.05.5

6.06.5

7.07.5

8.08.5

9.09.5

Magnitu

de (Mw)

% C

on

trib

utio

n t

o H

aza

rd

12

3








CANADA

GE

OL

OG

ICA

L S

U

RVEY - COMMIS

SIO

N G

˘OL

OG

IQU

E1842








Mean distance 57 km

Mode distance 10 km



5.0 5.0

5.5 5.5

6.0 6.0

6.5 6.5

7.0 7.0

7.5 7.5

8.0 8.0

8.5 8.5

9.0 9.0

40

40

120

120

200

200

280

280

360

360

440

440

520

520

600

600

680

680

760

760

23 821 11 119 13 217 16 315 18 4 114 20 7 112 21 9 3 110 21 11 4 19 20 13 6 2 17 19 15 8 3 2 16 17 15 8 4 2 15 16 15 9 5 2 14 14 14 9 5 3 1 13 12 13 9 6 3 2 13 10 12 9 6 4 2 12 9 11 9 6 4 3 1 12 7 10 8 6 5 3 2 12 6 9 8 6 5 3 2 11 5 8 7 6 5 4 2 1 11 4 7 7 5 5 4 3 1 11 4 6 6 5 4 4 2 1 1

2 3 3 3 3 2 2 12 3 3 3 2 2 2 11 2 2 2 2 2 2 11 1 1 1 1 1 1

1 1 1 1 1 11 1 1 1 1 1

11

Ma

gn

itu

de

(M

w)



31 33 34 36 38 42 46 47 51 55 53 53 51 49 47 46 44 42 40 38 34 19 18 14 7 6 6

1 1

tota

l p

er

mil

ha

za

rd c

on

trib

utio

n b

y m

ag

nitu

de

177 277 196 123 78 55 38 24 9 3 2


0100

200300

400500

600700

800


5.05.5

6.06.5

7.07.5

8.08.5

9.09.5

Magnitu

de (Mw)

% C

on

trib

utio

n t

o H

aza

rd

12








CANADA

GE

OL

OG

ICA

L S

U

RVEY - COMMIS

SIO

N G

˘OL

OG

IQU

E1842








Mean distance 77 km

Mode distance 30 km



5.0 5.0

5.5 5.5

6.0 6.0

6.5 6.5

7.0 7.0

7.5 7.5

8.0 8.0

8.5 8.5

9.0 9.0

40

40

120

120

200

200

280

280

360

360

440

440

520

520

600

600

680

680

760

760

16 415 515 7 114 10 213 12 3 112 14 5 110 16 7 2 19 17 9 4 1 18 17 11 5 2 1 17 17 13 7 4 2 16 15 13 8 5 3 1 15 14 13 9 5 3 2 14 13 13 9 6 4 2 1 13 11 12 9 6 4 3 2 13 10 12 9 6 5 4 2 1 12 8 11 9 7 5 4 3 1 12 7 10 8 7 6 4 3 2 1 12 6 9 8 6 6 5 3 2 1 1 11 5 7 7 6 6 5 4 2 1 1 1 11 4 6 6 6 6 5 4 3 2 1 1 11 4 5 6 5 5 5 4 3 2 1 1 1

2 3 3 3 3 3 2 2 1 1 1 12 3 3 3 3 3 2 2 1 1 1 11 2 2 2 3 3 2 1 1 1 1 11 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 11 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

12 13 2 13 2 12 1 1

Ma

gn

itu

de

(M

w)



20 20 23 26 29 32 36 41 45 51 52 52 53 51 53 51 51 50 47 46 43 25 25 20 10 9 9

1 3 6 6 4

tota

l p

er

mil

ha

za

rd c

on

trib

utio

n b

y m

ag

nitu

de

149 222 173 119 84 69 54 37 24 12 8 10 8 1 11 6 3


0100

200300

400500

600700

800


5.05.5

6.06.5

7.07.5

8.08.5

9.09.5

Magnitu

de (Mw)

% C

on

trib

utio

n t

o H

aza

rd

1








CANADA

GE

OL

OG

ICA

L S

U

RVEY - COMMIS

SIO

N G

˘OL

OG

IQU

E1842












5.0 5.0

5.5 5.5

6.0 6.0

6.5 6.5

7.0 7.0

7.5 7.5

8.0 8.0

8.5 8.5

9.0 9.0

40

40

120

120

200

200

280

280

360

360

440

440

520

520

600

600

680

680

760

760

11 111 210 310 49 5 19 7 28 8 3 17 9 4 1 17 10 5 2 1 16 11 7 3 2 1 15 11 8 4 2 1 1 14 10 8 5 3 2 1 14 10 9 6 4 3 2 1 13 9 9 6 4 3 2 2 1 13 8 9 6 5 4 3 2 1 1 1 12 7 8 7 5 4 4 3 2 1 1 1 12 6 8 7 5 5 4 3 2 2 1 1 1 1 12 6 7 7 6 5 5 4 3 2 2 2 2 1 1 11 5 7 6 6 6 5 5 3 3 2 2 2 2 1 1 11 4 6 6 5 6 6 5 4 3 2 3 3 2 2 1 11 3 5 5 5 5 5 5 4 3 2 3 3 2 2 2 1 1

2 3 3 3 3 3 3 2 2 2 3 3 2 2 2 1 12 2 3 2 3 3 3 2 2 2 3 3 2 2 2 1 11 2 2 2 3 3 3 2 2 2 3 2 2 2 2 2 11 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 1 1

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 1 11 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 1 1

1 1 1 1 1 11 1 1 1 1 1

1 12 1 14 3 27 5 3

14 10 712 9 67 5 3

Ma

gn

itu

de

(M

w)



12 13 13 14 15 18 20 22 26 31 33 34 40 40 44 46 49 56 58 60 57 40 38 36 22 21 19 6 6

2 4 9 15 31 27 15

tota

l p

er

mil

ha

za

rd c

on

trib

utio

n b

y m

ag

nitu

de

116 145 116 83 64 58 51 44 30 25 20 29 27 21 20 19 13 7 1 47 34 22


0100

200300

400500

600700

800


5.05.5

6.06.5

7.07.5

8.08.5

9.09.5

Magnitu

de (Mw)

% C

on

trib

utio

n t

o H

aza

rd

1








CANADA

GE

OL

OG

ICA

L S

U

RVEY - COMMIS

SIO

N G

˘OL

OG

IQU

E1842












5.0 5.0

5.5 5.5

6.0 6.0

6.5 6.5

7.0 7.0

7.5 7.5

8.0 8.0

8.5 8.5

9.0 9.0

40

40

120

120

200

200

280

280

360

360

440

440

520

520

600

600

680

680

760

760

44444 14 14 24 2 14 3 14 4 2 14 5 2 1 13 5 3 1 1 13 5 3 2 1 1 13 5 4 2 2 1 1 12 5 4 3 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 12 5 5 3 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 12 5 5 4 3 3 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 11 4 5 4 3 3 3 2 2 2 1 2 2 2 2 1 1 11 4 5 4 3 3 3 3 2 2 2 3 3 2 2 2 2 1 11 4 4 4 3 4 4 3 3 2 2 3 4 3 3 3 3 2 1 11 3 4 4 3 3 4 4 3 3 2 4 4 4 4 4 3 2 1 1

2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 4 4 4 4 4 3 2 11 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 4 4 4 5 4 3 2 1 11 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 4 4 5 5 5 3 2 1 11 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 3 3 4 5 4 3 2 1 1

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 3 3 4 4 4 3 2 1 11 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 3 3 3 4 4 3 2 1 1

1 1 1 2 2 2 2 1 11 1 1 2 2 2 2 1 1 1

13 2 25 4 3

10 8 618 14 1133 26 2128 22 1816 13 10

Ma

gn

itu

de

(M

w)



4 4 4 4 5 5 6 7 8 11 13 14 16 19 24 30 35 41 48 57 61 49 50 52 39 37 35 13 14

1 7 12 24 43 80 68 39

tota

l p

er

mil

ha

za

rd c

on

trib

utio

n b

y m

ag

nitu

de

63 68 57 42 33 32 30 26 22 21 18 34 39 36 41 43 39 28 17 10 119 89 71 1


0100

200300

400500

600700

800


5.05.5

6.06.5

7.07.5

8.08.5

9.09.5

Magnitu

de (Mw)

% C

on

trib

utio

n t

o H

aza

rd

12

3








CANADA

GE

OL

OG

ICA

L S

U

RVEY - COMMIS

SIO

N G

˘OL

OG

IQU

E1842












5.0 5.0

5.5 5.5

6.0 6.0

6.5 6.5

7.0 7.0

7.5 7.5

8.0 8.0

8.5 8.5

9.0 9.0

40

40

120

120

200

200

280

280

360

360

440

440

520

520

600

600

680

680

760

760

111111222 12 12 12 2 12 2 12 3 1 12 3 2 1 12 3 2 1 1 1 1 11 3 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 11 3 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 11 3 3 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 2 2 1 1 11 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 1

2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 3 2 2 1 11 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 3 3 3 2 2 1 11 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 3 2 1 11 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 3 4 4 3 2 1 1

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 3 2 2 11 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 3 5 5 4 3 2 1 1

1 1 1 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 11 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 1

124

12 15 2

6 5 411 9 820 17 1535 31 2663 55 4753 46 4031 27 24

Ma

gn

itu

de

(M

w)



1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 3 3 3 5 5 7 9 12 18 22 28 34 29 31 35 34 34 38 15 16 1 2 4

1 3 7 15 28 52 92 165 139 82

tota

l p

er

mil

ha

za

rd c

on

trib

utio

n b

y m

ag

nitu

de

30 33 23 17 12 12 12 12 10 9 9 19 20 21 27 33 30 24 17 11 226 192 164 8 10 1


0100

200300

400500

600700

800


5.05.5

6.06.5

7.07.5

8.08.5

9.09.5

Magnitu

de (Mw)

% C

on

trib

utio

n t

o H

aza

rd

12

34

56








CANADA

GE

OL

OG

ICA

L S

U

RVEY - COMMIS

SIO

N G

˘OL

OG

IQU

E1842












5.0 5.0

5.5 5.5

6.0 6.0

6.5 6.5

7.0 7.0

7.5 7.5

8.0 8.0

8.5 8.5

9.0 9.0

40

40

120

120

200

200

280

280

360

360

440

440

520

520

600

600

680

680

760

760

11 11 11 1 11 1 11 2 1 11 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 11 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 11 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 1 1 11 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 1 1

1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 11 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 1 1

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 21 1 1 1 2 2 1 1 1

139

12 15 3

12 68 7 6

14 13 1126 23 2146 42 3882 75 6869 63 5841 37 34

Ma

gn

itu

de

(M

w)



1 2 2 3 3 5 15 11 16 22 15 18 18 10 11 1 3 9

1 3 8 18 21 38 70 126 225 190 112

tota

l p

er

mil

ha

za

rd c

on

trib

utio

n b

y m

ag

nitu

de

7 12 10 5 3 3 6 5 3 1 2 8 10 10 13 14 14 11 7 6 286 260 236 20 23 2


0100

200300

400500

600700

800


5.05.5

6.06.5

7.07.5

8.08.5

9.09.5

Magnitu

de (Mw)

% C

on

trib

utio

n t

o H

aza

rd

12

34

56

78








CANADA

GE

OL

OG

ICA

L S

U

RVEY - COMMIS

SIO

N G

˘OL

OG

IQU

E1842












5.0 5.0

5.5 5.5

6.0 6.0

6.5 6.5

7.0 7.0

7.5 7.5

8.0 8.0

8.5 8.5

9.0 9.0

40

40

120

120

200

200

280

280

360

360

440

440

520

520

600

600

680

680

760

760

1 1 1 1 11 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 11 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 1 1 11 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 1

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 2 1 1 11 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 3 3 4 4 4 4 3 2 1 11 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 3 3 4 5 5 4 3 2 1 1 1

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 3 3 4 5 5 4 3 2 1 1 11 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 3 3 4 4 4 4 3 2 1 1 1

1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 3 2 2 1 11 1 1 2 3 3 2 2 1 1 1 41 1 1 2 3 3 2 2 1 1 1 1

25

1311 13 16 3

12 67 6 5

12 11 921 18 1636 32 2862 56 4952 46 4130 27 24

Ma

gn

itu

de

(M

w)



5 12 23 28 33 41 44 41 39 33 22 19 2 5 13 1 2 4 9 18 18 32 55 96 167 139 81

tota

l p

er

mil

ha

za

rd c

on

trib

utio

n b

y m

ag

nitu

de

4 7 8 6 5 8 8 8 8 8 8 18 22 23 32 37 37 30 23 15 229 204 175 23 32 4


0100

200300

400500

600700

800


5.05.5

6.06.5

7.07.5

8.08.5

9.09.5

Magnitu

de (Mw)

% C

on

trib

utio

n t

o H

aza

rd

12

34

56








CANADA

GE

OL

OG

ICA

L S

U

RVEY - COMMIS

SIO

N G

˘OL

OG

IQU

E1842




Final


Report.docx


APPENDIX III

Force-Displacement Relationships (p-y curves) for Piles

P-Y Curves Adjusted for Group Effects To be read with KCB report date April 29, 2019.

Pass Creek Bridge Project

Force (p) is fore each pile being loaded transversely, and is per lineal metre of pile.

It is assumed that piles act together as a group.

2.0 m Depth 4.0 m Depth 6.0 m Depth 8.0 m Depth 10.0 m Depth

y p y p y p y p y p

(m) kN/m (m) kN/m (m) kN/m (m) kN/m (m) kN/m

0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0 0 0

0.00104 34.0 0.00125 70.1 0.00289 205.6 0.00475 450 0.0059 700

0.00187 41.2 0.00206 89.1 0.00355 227.0 0.00524 472 0.00629 722

0.0027 46.5 0.00287 104.6 0.00421 246.4 0.00573 493 0.00668 743

0.00353 50.8 0.00368 117.8 0.00487 264.3 0.00622 513 0.00707 763

0.00436 54.5 0.00449 129.7 0.00554 280.9 0.00672 532 0.00745 783

0.00519 57.7 0.0053 140.4 0.0062 296.6 0.00721 551 0.00784 802

0.00602 60.6 0.00611 150.4 0.00686 311.4 0.0077 568 0.00823 821

0.00685 63.2 0.00692 159.6 0.00752 325.4 0.0082 585 0.00862 840

0.00768 65.6 0.00773 168.3 0.00818 338.9 0.00869 602 0.009 858

0.00851 67.9 0.00854 176.6 0.00884 351.8 0.00918 618 0.00939 875

0.00934 70.0 0.00936 184.4 0.00951 364.2 0.00967 634 0.00978 892

0.01017 71.9 0.01017 192.0 0.01017 376.1 0.01017 649 0.01017 909

0.01652 86.7 0.01652 249.5 0.01652 489.0 0.01652 844 0.01652 1182

0.02287 101.5 0.02287 307.1 0.02287 601.8 0.02287 1039 0.02287 1454

0.02745 101.5 0.02745 307.1 0.02745 601.8 0.02745 1039 0.02745 1454

0.03202 101.5 0.03202 307.1 0.03202 601.8 0.03202 1039 0.03202 1454

12.0 m Depth 14.0 m Depth 16.0 m Depth 18.0 m Depth 20.0 m Depth

y p y p y p y p y p

(m) kN/m (m) kN/m (m) kN/m (m) kN/m (m) kN/m

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0.0059 840 0.0059 980 0.0059 1120 0.0059 1260 0.0059 1400

0.00629 866 0.00629 1011 0.00629 1155 0.00629 1299 0.00629 1444

0.00668 892 0.00668 1040 0.00668 1189 0.00668 1337 0.00668 1486

0.00707 916 0.00707 1069 0.00707 1221 0.00707 1374 0.00707 1527

0.00745 940 0.00745 1096 0.00745 1253 0.00745 1410 0.00745 1566

0.00784 963 0.00784 1123 0.00784 1284 0.00784 1444 0.00784 1605

0.00823 986 0.00823 1150 0.00823 1314 0.00823 1478 0.00823 1643

0.00862 1008 0.00862 1175 0.00862 1343 0.00862 1511 0.00862 1679

0.009 1029 0.009 1201 0.009 1372 0.009 1544 0.009 1715

0.00939 1050 0.00939 1225 0.00939 1400 0.00939 1575 0.00939 1750

0.00978 1071 0.00978 1249 0.00978 1428 0.00978 1606 0.00978 1784

0.01017 1091 0.01017 1273 0.01017 1454 0.01017 1636 0.01017 1818

0.01652 1418 0.01652 1654 0.01652 1891 0.01652 2127 0.01652 2364

0.02287 1745 0.02287 2036 0.02287 2327 0.02287 2618 0.02287 2909

0.02745 1745 0.02745 2036 0.02745 2327 0.02745 2618 0.02745 2909

0.03202 1745 0.03202 2036 0.03202 2327 0.03202 2618 0.03202 2909

Notes;

Pro

ject

Tit

le

Pro

ject

No

.F

igu

re N

o.

1

P-y

cu

rve

s a

ssu

me

loa

din

g in

th

e t

ran

sve

rse

dir

ect

ion

. P

ile

s a

re a

ssu

me

d t

o b

e 6

10

mm

in d

iam

ete

r, s

pa

ced

at

2.1

m o

n-c

en

tre

. A

pile

gro

up

of

4 p

iles

wa

s a

ssu

me

d.

Fo

rce

s a

re p

er

line

al m

etr

e.

Inte

rma

dia

te d

ep

ths

can

be

ach

ieve

d b

y lin

ea

r in

terp

ola

tio

n

be

twe

en

cu

rve

s a

nd

po

ints

.

AS

A M

UT

UA

L P

RO

TE

CT

ION

TO

OU

R C

LIE

NT

, T

HE

PU

BLI

C A

ND

OU

RS

ELV

ES

, A

LL

RE

PO

RT

S A

ND

DR

AW

ING

S A

RE

SU

BM

ITT

ED

FO

R T

HE

CO

NF

IDE

NT

IAL

INF

OR

MA

TIO

N O

F O

UR

CLI

EN

T F

OR

A S

PE

CIF

IC P

RO

JEC

T A

ND

AU

TH

OR

IZA

TIO

N

FO

R U

SE

AN

D/O

R P

UB

LIC

AT

ION

OF

DA

TA

, S

TA

TE

ME

NT

S,

CO

NC

LUS

ION

S,

OR

AB

ST

RA

CT

S F

RO

M O

R R

EG

AR

DIN

G O

UR

RE

PO

RT

AN

D D

RA

WIN

GS

IS

RE

SE

RV

ED

PE

ND

ING

OU

R W

RIT

TE

N A

PP

RO

VA

L.

Pa

ss C

ree

k B

rid

ge

p-y

Cu

rve

s fo

r B

rid

ge

Fo

un

da

tio

n P

ile

s

Tra

nsv

ers

e L

oa

din

g

P1

00

14

A0

6

0.0

50

0.0

10

00

.0

15

00

.0

20

00

.0

25

00

.0

30

00

.0

00

.00

50

.01

0.0

15

0.0

20

.02

50

.03

0.0

35

Force, p, Per Lineal Metre of Pile (kN/m)

Dis

pla

cem

en

t, y

(m

)

2.0

m D

ep

th

4.0

m D

ep

th

6.0

m D

ep

th

8.0

m D

ep

th

10

.0 m

De

pth

12

.0 m

De

pth

14

.0 m

De

pth

16

.0 m

De

pth

18

.0 m

De

pth

20

.0 m

De

pth




Final


Report.docx


APPENDIX IV

Passive Resistance of Abutment

Pa

ssiv

e R

esi

sta

nce

of

Ab

utm

en

t

Fy

No

tes

kN

cm

00

38

0.1

31

91

53

92

91

95

12

03

10

14

22

20

Re

fere

nce

s

15

13

30

15

64

40

15

96

50

16

18

60

16

34

70

16

46

80

16

56

90

16

64

10

00

0

00

00

00

00

Pro

ject

Tit

le

Pro

ject

No

.F

igu

re N

o.

1

Se

ed

, H

.B.,

an

d R

.V.

Wh

itm

an

. 1

97

0.

“De

sig

n o

f E

art

h

Re

tain

ing

Str

uct

ure

s fo

r D

yn

am

ic L

oa

ds.

” In

Pro

cee

din

gs

of

the

AS

CE

Sp

eci

alt

y C

on

fere

nce

: La

tera

l Str

ess

es

in t

he

Gro

un

d a

nd

De

sig

n o

f E

art

h R

Eta

inin

g S

tru

ctu

res,

10

3–

47

.

To

tal

pa

ssiv

e r

esi

sta

nce

is

for

en

tire

ab

utm

en

t, a

ssu

me

d t

o b

e 8

.46

m w

ide

.

Ass

um

ing

a 1

0 d

eg

ree

sk

ew

, a

nd

ad

eq

ua

tely

co

mp

act

ed

bri

dg

e e

nd

fil

l. A

ge

ote

chn

ica

l re

sist

an

ce f

act

or

ha

s n

ot

be

en

ap

pli

ed

.

Ro

llin

s, K

. M

., S

. J.

Je

sse

e.

20

13

. "P

ass

ive

Fo

rce

-De

fle

ctio

n

Cu

rve

s fo

r sk

ew

ed

Ab

utm

en

ts."

Jo

urn

al o

f B

rid

ge

En

gin

ee

rin

g.

Vo

l 1

8,

No

. 1

0,

Oct

ob

er

20

13

. A

SC

E.

Sh

am

sab

ad

i, A

., K

.M.

Ro

llin

s, M

. K

ap

usk

ar.

20

07

.

"No

nlin

ea

r S

oil-

Ab

utm

en

t-B

rid

ge

Str

uct

ure

In

tera

ctio

n f

or

Se

ism

ic P

erf

orm

an

ce-B

ase

d D

esi

gn

". J

ou

rna

l o

f

Ge

ote

chn

ica

l A

nd

Ge

oe

nvir

on

me

nta

l E

ng

ine

eri

ng

. V

ol.

13

3,

No

. 6

, Ju

ne

20

07

. A

SC

E.

AS

A M

UT

UA

L P

RO

TE

CT

ION

TO

OU

R C

LIE

NT

, T

HE

PU

BLI

C A

ND

OU

RS

ELV

ES

, A

LL R

EP

OR

TS A

ND

DR

AW

ING

S A

RE

SU

BM

ITT

ED

FO

R T

HE

CO

NF

IDE

NT

IAL

INF

OR

MA

TIO

N O

F O

UR

CLI

EN

T F

OR

A S

PE

CIF

IC

PR

OJE

CT

AN

D A

UT

HO

RIZ

AT

ION

FO

R U

SE

AN

D/O

R P

UB

LIC

AT

ION

OF

DA

TA

, S

TA

TE

ME

NT

S,

CO

NC

LUS

ION

S,

OR

AB

ST

RA

CT

S F

RO

M O

R R

EG

AR

DIN

G O

UR

RE

PO

RT

AN

D D

RA

WIN

GS

IS

RE

SE

RV

ED

PE

ND

ING

OU

R W

RIT

TE

N A

PP

RO

VA

L.

Pa

ss C

ree

k B

rid

ge

p-y

Cu

rve

s fo

r B

rid

ge

Fo

un

da

tio

n P

ile

s

Tra

nsv

ers

e L

oa

din

g

P1

00

14

A0

6

0

10

0

20

0

30

0

40

0

50

0

60

0

70

0

80

0

90

0

10

00

11

00

12

00

13

00

14

00

15

00

16

00

17

00

18

00

01

02

03

04

05

06

07

08

09

01

00

11

0

Force, F (KN)

Dis

pla

cem

en

t, y

(m

m)

Pa

ssiv

e R

esi

sta

nce

Fo

rce

-Dis

pla

cem

en

t C

urv

e f

or

Ab

utm

en

t

y =

-0

.22

46

x +

39

0.4

4

0

50

10

0

15

0

20

0

25

0

30

0

35

0

40

0

45

0

02

00

40

06

00

80

01

00

01

20

01

40

01

60

01

80

0

Kw (kN/mm)

Fo

rce

(k

N)

F/y

Pe

ak

Pa

ssiv

e R

esi

sta

nce

of

Ab

utm

en

t =

16

67

kN

at

10

5 m

m

pass creek flood recovery project · uls 4 809 166 178 178 10 uls 5 430 14 155 155 114 . bc...

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