PALATINE- Dance Drama and Music

DEVELOPING ENTREPRENEURIAL STUDENTS AND GRADUATES

Lancaster November 16th 2005

Dr Marilyn WedgwoodPro-Vice Chancellor

“

• High proportion of graduates

- 43% compared with 16% work force as a whole

- 30-80% depending on the sub -sector

• Graduates from creative disciplines more likely to be self-employed – - 42% become self employed from 9% of the total UK graduates p.a

- 37% of the self employed graduates, 6 months post-graduation

A need for graduate entrepreneurship is not being met

THE CREATIVE INDUSTRIES - UK

Dependency on Graduates

• The creative process is compelling and has market value

• Creative freedom and ethical considerations

• Learning by Problem- solving makes independent thinkers

• Self-employment often the only real option

• Accidental entrepreneurship

WHY?.............

Sector Skills Council SSC ‘Footprint’ Related DCMS Sub-sector(1998)

Creative & Cultural Skills

Advertising Advertising

Crafts Crafts

Design Design

Music Music

Performing, Literary & Visual Arts Performing Arts

Publishing? Publishing

Cultural Heritage ----

Skillset

Animation Film & Video

CommercialsTelevision & Radio

Corporate production

Facilities (which includes post production) Film & Video/Television & Radio

Film Film & Video

Interactive media Interactive Leisure Software

Photo imaging ----

RadioTelevision & Radio

Television

e-skills Information Technology, Telecommunications & Contact Centres

Software & Computer Services

Skillfast-UK Apparel, footwear and textile industries Designer Fashion

Construction Skills Construction Industry (including Architecture)

Architecture

None? --- Art & Antiques Market

Creative Industries - Classifications in the UK

Investing in culture for competitive advantage

“The UN estimates that creative industries account for 7%

global GDP and are growing at 10% per year. As people grow

richer and become better educated, they spend more of

their income on leisure” activities

James Purnell 2005 Minister for

Creative Industries

Culture and the Economy

“… Beijing, Shanghai and Gunagzhou are aiming to become Asia’s dominant cultural production centres – looking to export, and to make sure that economic value of cultural consumption in the huge domestic market is recouped by chinese companies…………its strategy is comprehensive, farsighted, ambitious, well resourced and intelligent – it builds partnerships with research centres in universities and larger companies as well as using all sorts of international expertise. It takes in the full range of leisure tourist, sporting, entertainment, high cultural and creative industry sectors……..”

(Justin OConnor –Creative Industries and Regeneration 2005 – in production. Manchester Centre for Popular Culture Manchester Metropolitan University)

• Worth 11.4 billion to balance of Trade (twice that of

the pharmaceutical sector)

• 8% GDA, 7.9% GDP

• Produce almost £1 in £12 of UK total GDP

• Almost 2m people employed

• 7% of total employment 20% if tourism, hospitality and sport is included

Fastest Growing Sector of the EconomySource DCMS, DTi

THE CREATIVE INDUSTRIES - UK

Economic value

• High proportion of self employment(42-80%)• Large proportion of small companies/ microbusinesses/

freelancers/ independents• Highly networked• Complex working portfolios - commonly organised around

projects• Portfolios of employment • Little desire to grow• 70% located in metropolitan areas• Particular IP issues

Dynamic, innovative sector, creativity dependent

THE CREATIVE INDUSTRIES - UK

Characteristics

DEPARTMENT OF CULTURE MEDIA & SPORTHE/FE and the Creative Industries

WORKING GROUPS

Entrepreneurship & Skills-------------------------------------• Exploring models of

entrepreneurship/self employment

• Linking with key organisations- NCGE, Sector Skills Councils, enterprise in regions, Cambridge –MIT Entrepreneurship ,NESTA, RDA

Research & Knowledge Transfer

-------------------------------------• Exploring Models of

Knowledge transfer & intellectual Property and R&D

• Linked with Arts and Humanities Research Council

• Locked into the Science and Innovation ten year framework policy document 2004-14 ---JUST!!!!!!!

Graduate Entrepreneurship Capacity

• 36.8% of the 2.3% of graduates self- employed ( 6 months post graduation) were from the creative disciplines

• Least likely to have a placement opportunity

• Surveys show they don’t feel prepared

• 50% of Flying Start (NCGE) applicants and participants - but they make up only 9% of the graduates in the UK (24,000)

• Don’t respond well to traditional business models

Significant potential - unrealised

“Cultural entrepreneurs need to develop a mix of creative and

business skills often at different stages of their careers. Education

institutions are often too inflexible to deliver these skills as and when the

entrepreneurs need them”

(Leadbeater and Oakley, 1999)

EMERGENT APPROACHES FOR ENTREPRENEURIAL LEARNING IN H.E.

Extra-curricularEnterprise Centres

Business start-up workshops

Summer schools

Incubation

Curriculum embedded Assimilated/tacit learning within programmes;

Bolt-on enterprise modules

Postgraduate ProgrammesMA/MBA creative programmes

Master of Enterprise

Continuing Professional Development (Lifelong Learning)

Short skills development courses

Knowledge Transfer Partners

External agency programmes

NESTA Creative Pioneers, Crafts Council, Design Council, Young Enterprise, National Council for Graduate Entreprise – Flying Start etc

Some great ProvisionSome great Provisionbut…but…

Not the

right kind

Not

Enough

Not available at

the right time

Too Little understanding of

current provision to make a difference

Too piecemeal -Not coherent

Enough

• The lack of informed appropriate learning provision

• No coherent co-ordinated framework to inspire and inform curriculum innovation

• Don’t know what works, where and when

• The cultural tensions & oppositions

• Lack of Incentives for curriculum innovation

• No focused policy framework to drive change Create a culture in HE that links creativity with commercial value

.

THE CHALLENGES

SO……..

What should be done????

Some Ideas ..

Let us have your views

• Targeted Pilot Initiatives around the ‘models’ of success - to work out what works for different sub-sectors and subject disciplines

• Entrepreneurship Leadership Programme

• National Creative Industries Enterprise Scheme – coherent national development of what we have got and know

Generate strategic focus -the framework- that helps prepare graduates for their portfolio careers

.

TARGETED INVESTMENTSStrategic Curriculum Innovation

• Funding for entrepreneurship provision in HE

• Capital Investment in Facilities and

Equipment

Enable the graduates - Create the entrepreneurial support for their creativity

.

TARGETED INCENTIVES

• Create a national policy framework for graduate entrepreneurship in the creative industries

• Ensure the Creative industries are incorporated into existing policy frameworks – OST, DfES, DTi,RDA

Be both strategic and operational to support the growth of the sector

.

INCORPORATE IN POLICY

EMERGING ARGUMENTS

• The Creative Industries are the fastest growing sector of the economy in the UK

• It attracts an unusually high proportion of graduates, - a significant proportion self-employed

• But the opportunities for entreprenuerial learning are limited by culture and operational factors in HE

The potential is not realised- there is a gap in provision and policy to unlock the potential in HE.

EMERGING SOLUTIONS

• But the DCMS Task Group has identified good practice

• It could be made more widespread.• A policy framework is required that creates a vision

for the development of the creative and commercial talent potential

• There is much to build on from the government policy and investment in scientific entrepreneurship

• Invest in Curriculum Innovation and CI start-up support that is well informed by current success

Enlightened focused national policy can unlock the potential

“An enterprising economy must be a skilled economy. So we must avoid the mistakes of the past when we failed to invest long term in education “ James Purnell CI Minister

“An enterprising economy must be a skilled economy. So we must avoid the mistakes of the past when we failed to invest long term in education “ James Purnell CI Minister

Given the characteristics of the creative industries, shouldn’t we be investing in

entrepreneurial learning to gain UK economic advantage from this fastest

growing sector?

Contact

Gaynor RichardsHigher and Further Education Development Manager

Department for Culture, Media and Sport

Based at: Manchester Metropolitan University

Regional Office, Ormond Building

All Saints, Oxford Road

Manchester, M15 6BX– Tel: 0161 247 4625– Fax: 0161 247 2209– Email: g.richards@mmu.ac.uk