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PERANCANGAN SCREW EXTRUDER

PADA PLASTIC EXTRUDER

PROYEK AKHIR

Diajukan untuk memenuhi persyaratan

Memperoleh gelar Ahli Madya (A.Md)

Program studi DIII Teknik Mesin

Disusun oleh :

AGUS ARIFIN

NIM. I8616003

PROGRAM DIPLOMA TIGA TEKNIK MESIN

FAKULTAS TEKNIK

UNIVERSITAS SEBELAS MARET

SURAKARTA

2019


iii

PERANCANGAN SCREW EXTRUDER

PADA PLASTIC EXTRUDER

Agus Arifin

ABSTRAK

Plastic Extruder adalah mesin yang digunakan untuk mengolah biji plastik

menjadi bahan baku 3D printing. Alat ini menggunakan sebuah barel yang pada

bagian luar terdapat elemen pemanas(heater) dan didalam barel terdapat screw

extruder. Cara kerja mesin ini yaitu biji plastik di masukan kedalam hoper,

kemudian biji plastik masuk ke dalam barel panas yang di dalamnya terdapat

screw extruder yang berputar akibat putaran motor listrik. Screw extruder

berfungsi untuk mencampur dan mendorong biji plastik menuju nozzle. Hasil

keluaran dari nozzle tersebut berupa material berbentuk kabel.

Screw extruder merupakan komponen terpenting mesin Plastic Extruder.

Dimensi screw extruder tersebut memiliki ukuran diameter 39 mm dengan

panjang 574 mm.

Kata kunci : Plastic Extruder, Screw Extruder.

ABSTRACT

Plastic extruder is a machine that used to procces seeds to form 3D printing

raw materials. This machine use a barrel that there are heater on the outside and

screw extruder inside. How this machine work is, plastic seeds are inserted into

the hoper, then plastic seeds enter inside hot barrel that there is spinning screw

extruder inside caused by electric motor rotation. Screw extruder have a function

to mix and push plastic seeds to the nozzle. The output results from nozzle it’s in

a cable form.

Screw extruder is plastic extruder machine component. Dimension of screw

extruder is 39 mm diameter with 574 mm length.

Key word : Plastic Extruder, Screw Extruder.


iv

DAFTAR ISI

COVER .................................................................................................................. i

LEMBAR PENGESAHAN .................................................................................. ii

ABSTRAK ........................................................................................................... iii

DAFTAR ISI ........................................................................................................ iv

DAFTAR GAMBAR ........................................................................................... vi

DAFTAR GRAFIK ........................................................................................... viii

DAFTAR TABEL ............................................................................................... ix

DAFTAR NOTASI DAN SIMBOL ..................................................................... x

BAB I PENDAHULUAN

1.1 Latar Belakang .......................................................................................... 1

1.2 Perumusan Masalah .................................................................................. 2

1.3 Tujuan ....................................................................................................... 2

1.4 Batasan Masalah........................................................................................ 2

1.5 Manfaat ..................................................................................................... 3

1.6 Sistematika Penulisan ............................................................................... 3

BAB II LANDASAN TEORI

2.1 Screw Extruder .......................................................................................... 5

2.2 Jenis-Jenis Screw Extruder ....................................................................... 8

2.2 Karakteristik Material Polimer ................................................................ 16


v

BAB III PERENCANAAN

3.1 Tahapan Perencanaan .............................................................................. 18

3.2 Sketsa Mesin ........................................................................................... 21

3.3 Perhitungan Daya .................................................................................... 26

3.4 Sistem Transmisi ..................................................................................... 27

3.5 Perhitungan Screw Extruder ................................................................... 28

BAB IV PROSES PRODUKSI

4.1 Komponen Mesin .................................................................................... 32

4.2 Peralatan yang Digunakan....................................................................... 32

4.2 Proses Produksi ....................................................................................... 32

4.4 Perhitungan Waktu Produksi................................................................... 38

4.5 Perhitungan Biaya Produksi .................................................................... 41

4.6 Perakitan dan Perawatan Mesin .............................................................. 42

4.7 Biaya Total .............................................................................................. 43

BAB V PENUTUP

5.1 Kesimpulan ............................................................................................. 45

5.2 Saran ........................................................................................................ 45

DAFTAR PUSTAKA

LAMPIRAN


vi

DAFTAR GAMBAR

Gambar II.1. Extruder Tunggal ............................................................................. 5

Gambar II.2. Extruder Ganda ................................................................................ 5

Gambar II.3. Penampang screw extruder tunggal jenis helicoid .......................... 7

Gambar II.4. Devolatalizing Screw ....................................................................... 8

Gambar II.5. Maddock Mixing Screw .................................................................. 8

Gambar II.6. Bar Screw ........................................................................................ 9

Gambar II.7. Mailever Screw ................................................................................ 9

Gambar II.8. KIM Screw ...................................................................................... 9

Gambar II.9. Jenis Twin Screw Extruder ............................................................ 10

Gambar II.10. Dimensi single screw extruder .................................................... 12

Gambar II.11. Kecepatan Aliran Plastik pada Metering Zone ............................ 15

Gambar III.1. Diagram Alir Perencanaan Proses Produksi ................................ 18

Gambar III.2. Sketsa Plastic Extruder ................................................................ 21

Gambar III.3. Rangka Mesin ............................................................................... 22

Gambar III.4. Motor AC ..................................................................................... 23

Gambar III.5. Speed Reducer .............................................................................. 23

Gambar III.6. Nozel ............................................................................................ 24

Gambar III.7. Heater ........................................................................................... 24

Gambar III.8. Barrel ............................................................................................ 25

Gambar III.9. Screw Extruder ............................................................................. 25

Gambar III.10. Sistem Transmisi Penggerak Plastic Extruder ........................... 27

Gambar IV.1. Kerangka Mesin Bagian Atas(Rangka Panjang) .......................... 33


vii

Gambar IV.2. Kerangka Mesin Bagian Atas(Rangka Lebar) ............................. 33

Gambar IV.3. Kerangka Mesin Bagian Atas(Rangka Tengah)........................... 34

Gambar IV.4. Rangka Kaki ................................................................................. 34

Gambar IV.5. Kerangka Bagian Bawah(Rangka Panjang) ................................. 34

Gambar IV.6. Kerangka Bagian Bawah(Rangka Lebar) .................................... 35

Gambar IV.7. Assembly Rangka Bagian Atas .................................................... 35

Gambar IV.8. Assembly Rangka Bagian Atas dengan Rangka Kaki ................. 36

Gambar IV.9. Assembly Rangka Bagian Atas, Kaki Meja dengan Rangka Bagian

Bawah(Rangka Lebar) ........................................................................................ 37

Gambar IV.10. Assembly Total Rangka Mesin .................................................. 38


viii

DAFTAR GRAFIK

Grafik 2.1.Viskositas Geser beberapa lelehan polimer ...................................... 11


ix

DAFTAR TABEL

Tabel 2.1. Perbedaan extruder ulir tunggal dan ulir ganda .................................. 6

Tabel 2.2. Melt temperature dan melt pressure pada pipa extruder ................... 10

Tabel 2.3. Desain Screw Extruder...................................................................... 12

Tabel 2.4. Faktor Koreksi Daya yang Akan Ditransmisikan ............................ 13


x

DAFTAR NOTASI DAN SIMBOL

Db = Diameter barrel (mm)

Ds = Diameter screw (mm)

s = Screw lead (mm)

v = Jumlah flight (mm)

Wflt = Lebar flight (mm)

W = Lebar chanel (mm)

hf = Kedalaman feed zone (mm)

hm = Kedalaman metering zone (mm)

o = Massa jenis (kg/ )

= Sudut kemiringan screw (

N = Kecepatan putar (rpm)

T = Torsi (Nm)

P = Daya (HP)

= Phi

ηf = Efisiensi

δflt = Jarak Clearance (mm)

G = Kapasitas Mesin (kg/jam)

CP = Kapasitas Panas (J/kg )

Hf = Heat of fussion (J/kg)

= Pressure drop (MPa)

= Volume flow rate (

pada plastic extruder - digilib.uns.ac.id

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