ontario pork self-guided biosecurity training

1

• This training session is based on national swine industry standards

• The session is accepted by government funding programs as standardized

biosecurity training course.

• The session is available as a power point with audio (click on the speaker icon on

each slide ), or a PDF of slides with a separate audio file.

• To receive a confirmation that you have completed this training, read or listen to the

session, complete the quiz and farm assessment and submit them to Ontario Pork.

• For funding programs, you will also need your veterinarian to come out and assess

your farm.

• If you have questions or concerns please contact Industry and Member Services

(IMSV) staff at Ontario Pork

Ontario Pork Self-Guided Biosecurity Training

2

National Biosecurity

Swine Farm-LevelTraining Session (total length with audio- 60 min)

Narrated by Dr. Mike DeGroot

Presentation Created by:

Dr. Claude Tremblay, DVM.

Dr. Paul Schneider, DVM.

3

We know it’s important, so we start with

the best intentions:

• We follow the rules, the protocols

• We make the effort

• We believe in it

We give up gradually:

• Lack of conviction

• Law of the least amount of effort

Biosecurity is like a bowl of fruit

4

MODULE 1:

DEFINITIONS (APPROXIMATE AUDIO SESSION LENGTH: 6 MINUTES)

5

What is biosecurity?

A set of measures taken:

• To avoid the introduction of a new pathogen

(external biosecurity or bio-exclusion)

• To avoid the dissemination of germs already on the farm

(internal biosecurity or bio-management)

• To prevent the spread of microbes already in the farm to other

animal populations (bio-containment)

Definitions

MODULE 1: Definitions

6

Biosecurity strategy developed to prevent the spread and the

dissemination of pathogens already on pig farms to other animal

populations

Bio-containment

Example: Influenza outbreak

• Ring the alarm!

• Veterinarian

• Stakeholders

• Drivers, transport

• Neighbours

YOUR FARM


7

Your biosecurity level will depend on:

• Production categories

• Production systems

• The location of:

o Densely populated zones

o Non-densely populated zones

Definitions


8

Definitions:

Controlled Access Zone

CAZOutside area

Surrounding the barn

Restricted Access Zone

RAZInside area

Maximum level

Access Zones

CAZ

RAZ


9

Controlled Access Zone (CAZ)

CAZ

RAZ

No parking at load out

No dirt roads


Caution: The gate should not be locked when employees are on site

10

Restricted Access Zone (RAZ)

CAZ

RAZLock & Close Doors

Signage

Don’t leave

keys in doors


11

Zones and access points must be

clearly identified


12

MODULE 2:

DIRECT TRANSMISSION ROUTES(APPROXIMATE AUDIO SESSION LENGTH: 7 MINUTES)

13MODULE 2: Direct Transmission Routes

15

Three basic rules:

1. Few suppliers (ideally just one, renown, of integrity)

2. Health status known and compatible

- Documentation

- Vet to vet

3. Keep the pigs separate from yours until their adequate health status is confirmed.

Live Pigs

MODULE 2: Direct Transmission Routes

16

Quarantine: an isolated location

from the herd to determine

compatibility with your animals

• Outside facility

• Inside facility

NOTE: Quarantine is not

equivalent to acclimatization

Quarantine


17

Acclimatization

A process to expose new animals to pathogens already in the herd

• Often same area as quarantine

• Where vaccines are administered

Live pigs


18

Certified centres

Same principles

• Centre’s health programs: ask your veterinarian (vet to vet)

• Obtain the protocols: delivery, packaging, etc.

NOTE: Have written documents (date of purchase,

identification of the boar, health certifications, etc.)

Semen

Double Packaging


19

MODULE 3:

PIG TRANSPORT(APPROXIMATE AUDIO SESSION LENGTH: 8 MINUTES)

20

1. Approved itinerary

2. Correct sequence

3. Well-trained drivers and producers

4. Compliant facilities

5. Failsafe decontamination

Five basic rules:

MODULE 3: Pig Transport

21

Where are we going?

1. Approved Itinerary

1 Approved itinerary

2 Correct sequence

3 Well-trained drivers & producers

4 Compliant facilities

5 Failsafe decontamination


http://maps.google.ca/intl/fr_ca/help/maps/streetview/

http://maps.google.ca/intl/fr_ca/help/maps/streetview/

22

Correct Sequence

& dedicated trucks

2. Correct Sequence

Low health status


2 Correct sequence




High health status

High pig densityLow pig density

Nursery to FinisherFarrowing


23


2 Correct sequence




654


3. Well-trained

Drivers & Producers

24

A. Loading Docks

4. Compliant Facilities


2 Correct sequence





Worst Okay Better Best

25

B. Truck to truck



2 Correct sequence





26

C. Protocols

What to do & how to do it



2 Correct sequence




• Clothing used for loading

& unloading are not to be

worn in cab of truck.

• One way flow of pigs over

the clean/dirty line must be

ensured


27

D. Records

What to write



2 Correct sequence




• Record events – entry to

the CAZ, pig movements,

manure, pest control, etc.

• Transport Log – pigs in

and out, what, when,

where, who


28

Research has shown that

cleaning, washing,

disinfecting and drying

is the best way to

eliminate a disease.

5. Failsafe Decontamination

Treatment Type

PCR Test

Swab Piglets

T1Cleaning & removal of

bedding9/10 8/10

T2Cleaning, washing,

disinfecting6/10 6/10


disinfecting, freezing, thawing6/10 5/10


disinfecting, drying0/10 0/10



2 Correct sequence




29

MODULE 4:

PERSONNEL & VISITORS(APPROXIMATE AUDIO SESSION LENGTH: 13 MINUTES)

30

Essential visitorsAny individual, other than personnel, whose function requires access to

CAZ or RAZ

• Veterinarians

• Person responsible for services (follow-up, deliveries, etc.)

• Suppliers and employees of regulatory agencies

Non essential visitors

Any individual whose function does not require access to a CAZ or RAZ

• Visitors

• Friends

• Family members

Visitors

MODULE 4: Personnel & Visitors

31

1. Basic rules

2. Access protocols

3. Danish entry

4. Shower

5. Movements

Personnel & Visitors


32

Access prohibited to any foreign visitor (exceptions??)

Special visitors must comply with down times

Unique access to the farm:

• Door always locked

• Intercom system

• Remote unlocking control

Basic Rules

Don’t leave

keys in doors


1 Basic Rules

2 Access protocols

3 Danish Entry

4 Shower

5 Movements

33

Downtime

• Very little research done about it

• Where does “48 hours” come from?

• 48 hour downtime for the top of the production pyramid is

unquestionable

• Danish entrance method is required in Commercial Production

farms.

Basic Rules


1 Basic Rules

2 Access protocols

3 Danish Entry

4 Shower

5 Movements

34

• Staff & Visitor procedures

• Visitor declaration & sign-in

Access Protocols


1 Basic Rules

2 Access protocols

3 Danish Entry

4 Shower

5 Movements

35

Are these risks?

Access Protocols


1 Basic Rules

2 Access protocols

3 Danish Entry

4 Shower

5 Movements

36

Forward Unidirectional Flow

Danish Entry

Broes A., Boutin, R.

Biosecurity, a must for the

entire swine sector

Outside Zone

(Dirty area)

Inside Zone

(Clean area)

Intermediate Zone


1 Basic Rules

2 Access protocols

3 Danish Entry

4 Shower

5 Movements

37

Line (okay) Transition Area (better) Solid Barrier (best)

Marking the line between the outer

dirty area and the inner clean area

Danish Entry


1 Basic Rules

2 Access protocols

3 Danish Entry

4 Shower

5 Movements

38

Danish Entry Method


1 Basic Rules

2 Access protocols

3 Danish Entry

4 Shower

5 Movements

39

Annexes


1 Basic Rules

2 Access protocols

3 Danish Entry

4 Shower

5 Movements

40

Sometimes questionable

Indisputable benefits

• Discourages the visitors

• Prevents entry of outside clothing

• Element of well-being

The Shower


The retainer wall is important

1 Basic Rules

2 Access protocols

3 Danish Entry

4 Shower

5 Movements

41MODULE 4: Personnel & Visitors

The Shower as a Danish Entry?

No! (shower) Yes!

1 Basic Rules

2 Access protocols

3 Danish Entry

4 Shower

5 Movements

42

Minimum standard – clean boots & coveralls


On every site:

1 Basic Rules

2 Access protocols

3 Danish Entry

4 Shower

5 Movements

43

One-way movements

• Healthy pigs to sick pigs

• Youngest to oldest

Between separate barns

• Walk on defined pathways

• Separate boots, overalls

Movements


44MODULE 4: Personnel & Visitors

Study by Sandra Amass

General conclusions:

• The common way of using boot baths does

not disinfect boots at all, but relieves our

conscience

An effective protocol includes:

• Elimination of all manure from boots

• Soaking of boots in a boot bath with

disinfectant

But a bad protocol is wasted time & money

Boot baths

1 Basic Rules

2 Access protocols

3 Danish Entry

4 Shower

5 Movements

45

MODULE 5:

RODENTS, INSECTS, BIRDS

& OTHERS(APPROXIMATE AUDIO LENGTH 6 MINUTES)

46

Carriers of many diseases:

E.Coli Salmonellosis

Rotavirus Dysentery

Toxoplasmosis Leptospirosis

Rodents: Rats, Mice

MODULE 5: Rodents, Insects, Birds & Others

47MODULE 5: Rodents, Insects, Birds & Others

Keep grass cut No spilled feed Clean perimeter & bait stations

Control Means

48

Relatively easy to control• Install screens

Insects


49

Do not allow any birds in the facility• Tuberculosis & birds → losses at the slaughter facility

• TGE & starlings

• Install Nets

Birds


Collect & clean up

50

No pets in the RAZ or the CAZ

• Transmissible gastroenteritis (TGE)

• Toxoplasmosis

Dogs, Cats & Wild Animals


51MODULE 5: Rodents, Insects, Birds & Others

Do not allow any wild animals access

to living or dead livestock

Dogs, Cats & Wild Animals

52

MODULE 6:

EQUIPMENT, MATERIAL,

SUPPLIES & TOOLS(APPROXIMATE AUDIO LENGTH 4 MINUTES)

53

To prevent pathogen introduction by the decontamination of:

• Equipment

• Material

• Supplies

• Tools

Protocols

MODULE 6: Equipment, Material, Supplies & Tools

54MODULE 6: Equipment, Material, Supplies & Tools

• New material only

• Carry supplies in a plastic bag

Protocols

55

Decontamination room• Fumigation

• Fogger

• Protocol

Equipment, Material, Supplies & Tools

MODULE 6: Equipment, Material, Supplies & Tools

56

MODULE 7:

WATER, FEED & BEDDING(APPROXIMATE AUDIO LENGTH 4 MINUTES)

57MODULE 7: Water, Feed & Bedding

Water, feed & bedding

58

1. Surface water

• Put a fence around your reservoir

2. Have your water tested at least once a year

3. Install a water treatment system if necessary

• Surface water → mandatory most of the time

4. Clean up any water accumulation in the pig area

Water: 4 Principles

MODULE 7: Water, Feed & Bedding

59

1. Store securely to prevent access by rodents, birds and insects

• Bins

• Bags

• Other containers

2. Write and communicate protocols for feed introduction and

distribution

3. Write and communicate protocols for feed transport and delivery


Feed: 3 Principles

60

Bedding: 2 Principles

1. Properly store the bedding, protected from rodents, birds & insects

• Bags

• Bedding room

2. Ensure the source of the bedding (CQA® program)


61

MODULE 8:

SOLID & LIQUID MANURE(APPROXIMATE AUDIO LENGTH 3 MINUTES)

62

Solid & Liquid Manure

MODULE 8: Solid & Liquid Manure

63

• When spreading

manure, don’t spread

too close to your

neighbors

• Don’t spreat manure

too close to your

barn(s) – create a buffer

• Use your OWN

equipment

When manure leads to problems


64

If equipment is shared in your system → respect the sequence:

You have opted for custom services?

Be even more careful → it takes a protocol

Manure spill? Clean up as thoroughly as possible!

When manure leads to problems

• Who goes ahead of you?

• What sequence is respected?

• How is the equipment decontaminated?

• High health status

• Farrowing

• Younger

• Low health status

• Nurseries → finishing

• Older


65

MODULE 9:

DEAD STOCK & WASTE (APPROXIMATE AUDIO LENGTH 4 MINUTES)

66

What do you do with the dead animals?

1. Establish a general policy

2. Establish a protocol for removing dead animals

Dead stock & Waste

MODULE 9: Dead Stock & Waste

67

When should the carcasses be removed?

• Necropsies needed?

• End of day?

Sealed Container outside the CAZ!

If inside the CAZ → agreement with the renderer

1. Establish a general policy


68MODULE 9: Dead Stock & Waste

• No staff, dead cart or barn equipment are to have contact

with exterior of the barn

• Roll pig out door (into loader). Do not cross threshold to

outside to do this.

• You must exit the barn via the shower (as per normal

entry/exit protocol) to proceed with disposal.

2. Establish a protocol for

removing dead animals

69

1. Disposable bags (containers must not return to the farm)

2. Regular removal of waste

3. Ideally containers are outside the CAZ

4. Sharp objects → DANGER!

→ Needles

→ Scalpels

Waste


70

MODULE 10:

AEROSOLS (APPROXIMATE AUDIO LENGTH 4 MINUTES)

71MODULE 10: Aerosols

Aerosols

Solid or liquid particles in suspension in the air

Dr. Brad Chappell, Manitoba, 2006

72MODULE 10: Aerosols

Aerosols: Time Bomb

73

Spreading of some major diseases:

• PRRS virus → More than 9 km

• Influenza → Covers large territories

• Mycoplasmosis → Several km

Multipliers & Boar Studs

Recommended 5 km from pig farms, or roads with pig transportation to decrease risks.

On aerosols

MODULE 10: Aerosols

74

Remote regions

For new facilities

• Locate as far from existing production as

possible – choose isolated areas

Regions at risk (livestock dense areas)

• Vaccinate when you have vaccines available

• Come to agreements with your neighbours

• Participate in eradication programs

Messages

MODULE 10: Aerosols

75

MODULE 11:

ANIMAL HEALTH MANAGEMENT (APPROXIMATE AUDIO LENGTH 2 MINUTES)

76

Goal: preventing the spreading of pathogens within the farm

AND to other production sites

How to achieve this:

With a health management program at the farm

MODULE 11: Animal Health Management

On-Farm Animal Health Management &

Regional Considerations

77

Keep the diseases under control

Treatment protocols

• Medication & Vaccine usage plan on farm

Intervention records

• Pen or Individual Pig Treatment Record

• Outgoing Pig Treatment Record


Health Management Program

at the Farm

78

Keep the diseases under control:

Management of hospital pen

Comfortable: dry, warm, no drafts, clean

bedding if possible

Positioned so you can see them easily

Small number of pigs

Appropriate feed if possible

Management of animal movements

e.g. don’t let them move backwards


Health Management Program

at the Farm

79

MODULE 12:

CONCLUSIONS(APPROXIMATE AUDIO LENGTH 3 MINUTES)

80

• Biosecurity measures are essential.

• They must be based on current scientific knowledge.

• They must be adjusted according to each farm.

Module 12: Conclusions

MODULE 12: Conclusions

81

Define CAZ and RAZ

• Gates, signs, etc., that clearly explain protocols

Danish Entry System

• As a minimum for the farm

Policy for admittance of staff/visitors

• Written and applied

Important Areas


82

Health status on incoming animals

• Verified and recorded

Dead animal removal

• Separate access and outside CAZ

Cleaning protocol

• Written and applied

Cleanliness of transport vehicles

• Checked and verified

Important Areas


83

Thank you!

84

• To finish this training session, complete the quiz and the farm biosecurity self-

assessment and submit them to Ontario Pork.

• The quiz and farm self-assessment can be found on the producer log in side of the

Ontario Pork Website or contact Ontario Pork to be sent a paper copy.

• Participants must achieve a mark of 50% or greater on the quiz to pass, but may

repeat the quiz if needed.

• A certificate of completion will be sent to you once a successful quiz and completed

farm self-assessment have be received. A record of your training will also be kept in

your producer file at Ontario Pork for future reference.

• It should be noted that government funding programs requiring a biosecurity training

course may require proof of training as well as a letter or assessment of biosecurity

on your farm by your veterinarian.

Certificate of completion of biosecurity training

ontario pork self-guided biosecurity training

Documents