olmec - weebly€¦ · aztec –fall •defeat by the spanish and their native allies in 1521 ....
TRANSCRIPT
OlmecRise: 1200 BCE Fall: 800-400 BCE
Olmec - Society
• Hierarchy
• Wealthy = powerful
Olmec - Political
• Rulers = religious leaders w/ divine powers
Olmec - Interactions
• 1st Mesoamerican civilization known to develop agriculture
• Technology
• Stone Tools
• Writing system
Olmec - Culture
• Religion• Animistic --- jaguar spirit
• Polytheistic
Olmec - Culture
• Arts/Architecture
• Stone monuments
• Sculpted heads
• Science
• Number system
• Calendar
Olmec - Economy
• Farmers
• Large trading network
• Mexico City to Honduras
Olmec Fall
• Not for sure!
• Possibly outside invaders
MayaRise: 200 BCE Fall: 900 CE
Maya - Society
• Hierarchy• King
• Nobles – priests and leading warriors
• Merchants & skilled artisans
• Peasants
Maya - Political
• King = Holy Figure
• Hereditary position…dynasties
• Independent city-states
Maya - Interactions
• Slash-and-burn agriculture
• Terrace Farming
Maya – Interactions
• Technology • Writing system
• 800 hieroglyphic symbols
• Paper like substance
Maya - Culture
• Religion• Polytheistic
• Animistic
• Gods of corn, death, rain, war
• Sacrifices & Offerings
Maya - Culture
• Achievements• Giant pyramids, temples, palaces
• Ball courts
• 365.24 day calendar
• Concept of zero
Maya - Economy
• Trade network unites the independent city-states
• Trade craft goods & agricultural surplus
Maya -- Fall
• Again, Not sure!
• Possibly invasion by the Toltecs
• Increased warfare between Mayan City-states
• Population growth and over use of resources
AztecRise : 1200 CE - Fall 1521
Aztec - Society
•Social hierarchy
•Emperor
•Nobles: military leaders, gov’t officials, and priests
•Commoners
•Slaves
Aztec - Political
•Empire of tribute states
•Aztecs took over neighboring areas…allowed local rulers to stay in power as long as they paid tribute
Aztec - Interactions
•Chinampas – floating gardens
•Tripled agricultural output
Aztec - Interactions
•Technology•Stone tools/weapons
•Writing system
Aztec - Culture
•Religion•Polytheistic & Animistic
•Human sacrifice
• Temples
Aztec - Culture
•Achievements •Math/number system
•Calendar
•Mummification
•Road systems
•Pyramids & temples
Aztec - Economy
•Traded agricultural goods
•Huge market in Tenochtitlan (capital of Aztec Empire)
Aztec – Fall
• Defeat by the Spanish and their Native allies in 1521
IncaRise: 1438 Fall: 1533
Inca - Society•Community cooperation•Ayllu – extended family group•Each group was led by its own chief
Inca - Political
•Largest empire ever seen in the America
•Central bureaucratic system
Inca - Interactions
•Terrace farming
Inca - Interactions•Technology•Writing System•Record keeping – quipu• Set of knotted string that was used to record data
Inca - Culture•Religion• Polytheistic•Animistic•Nature Spirits
•Sun God• Llama sacrifice
Inca - Culture
•Achievements • Public works projects•Road & bridges
•Calendar •Machu Pichu
Inca - Economy•Economy regulated by government
•Trade
Inca -- Fall
• By Spanish invasion in 1533