1

t{]m{Kmw ssKUv

]cn-io-e\w e`n-®n- n-√m-Øhcpw

tkh-\-Øn-ep-≈-hcp-amb

A[ym-]-I¿°v th≠n-bp≈

{]mY-anI hnZym-`ymk

Zznh-’c Untπma (Un.-F¬Uv)

A°m-Z-anb hIp∏v

\mj-W¬ C≥Ãn-‰yq´v Hm^v Hm∏¨ kv°qfnwßv,F˛24-/25 C≥Ãn-‰yq-j-W¬ Gcnb skIvS¿-˛62,

t\mbnU, KuXw _p≤v \K¿, bp.-]n. 201309

sh_vssk‰v : www nios.ac.in

teW¿ klmb tI{μw, tSmƒ {^o \º¿ 18001809393, Cusa-bn¬ : lsc@nios.ac.in

2

F≥ sF H F n-tebv°v kzmKXw

{]nb ]Tn-Xmth,

`mc-X-k¿°m-cns‚ am\-h-hn- -h-tijn a{¥m-e-b-Øns‚

Iogn-ep≈ Hcp kzbw- -cW ÿm]-\-amWv \mj-W¬ C≥Ãn-

‰yq´v Hm^v Hm∏¨ kvIqfnw-Kv. CXv sk°‚dn, ko\n-b¿

sk°‚dn Xe-Øn¬ GI-tZiw 2.02 Zi-e£w ]Tn-Xm-°-fp≈

temI-Ønse G‰hpw henb Hm∏¨ kvIqfnwKv k{º-Zm-b-am-

Wv. F≥.-sF.-H.-F-kn\v C¥y-bnepw hntZ-i-Øp-ambn ssk≤m-

¥n-I- -sXm-gn-e-[n-jvTnX tImgvkp-Iƒ \S-Øp-∂-Xn-\mbn 15 doPn-b-W¬ sk‚-dp-I-

fpw, 2 k_vsk‚-dp-Ifpw, 5000˛tØmfw ]T-\-tI-{μ-ßfpw Dƒs∏-Sp∂ hn]p-e-amb

tZiob A¥¿t±-iob irwJ-e-I-fp-≠v. CXv A]-cy-an-Xhpw hnZq-c-ÿ-hp-amb coXn-

bn¬ ]Tn-Xm-hns\ tI{μo-I-cn-®p-sIm≠v KpW-ta-∑-bp≈ hnZym- ym-khpw ss\]pWn

hnI-k-\hpw, ]cn-io-e-\hpw e`y-am-°p-∂p. Cu ]≤Xn A®-Sn® ]pkvX-I-ß-fn-eq-

sSbpw, hy‡n-K-X- k-º¿°]cn]mSnI-fn-eq-sSbpw, hnhc hn\n-ab kmt¶-Xn-I-hn-Zy-

bn-eq-sS-bpw, Zriy/{ihW Imk‰v, tdUntbm kwt{]-jWw F∂n-h-bpsS klm-b-

tØm-Sp-IqSn \S-∏n-em-°p-∂p.

A[ym-]\ ]cn-io-e\w e n-®- n-√mØ {]mY-anI A[ym-]-Isc ]cn-io-en-∏n°p-hm≥

F≥ sF H F ns\ A[n-Imc-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-cn-°p∂p. CXn-\m-h-iy-amb ]cn-io-e\

am¿§-tc-J-bmb Un.F¬Uv ]≤Xn F≥ sF H F v CXn-t\m-SIw Cu

taJ-e-bn¬ {]h¿Øn-°p∂ CXc ÿm]-\-ß-fp-ambn tN¿∂v hnI-kn-∏n-s®-Sp-Øn- p≠v.

F≥ sF H Fkv G‰hpw \qX-\hpw sh√p-hn-fn-Isf t\cn-Sp-∂-Xn\v DX-Ip-∂-Xp-

amb {]mY-anI hnZym-`ymk Zznh-’c Untπma hnhn[ kwÿm-\-ß-fnse

]cn-io-e\w e`n-®n- n-√mØ A[ym-]-I¿°v RTE 2009 \n¿t±i {]Imcw \¬Ip-∂-Xm-Wv.

3

\mj-W¬ C≥Ãn-‰yq´v Hm^v Hm∏¨ kv°qfnßv \S-Øp∂ Cu {]mY-anI

hnZym- ymk Untπma tImgvkn-tebv°v \nßsf Gsd kt¥m-j-tØmsS kzmKXw

sNøp-∂p. kwÿm-\-Øp≈ {]mY-anI hnZym- ym-k-Øn¬ \nß-fpsS kw`m-h-\-Isf

Rm≥ A`n-\-μn-°p-∂p. B¿ Sn BIvSv 2009 {]Imcw F√m A[ym-]-Icpw

]cn-io-e\w kn≤n-®-h-cm-bn-cn-°-Ww. CXp-hsc \nß-fpsS A[ym-]-\-A-\p- -h-߃

Hcp DØa A[ym-]-I-\m-Im-\p≈ ss\]p-Wn-Isf hf¿Ønsb-Sp-°p-hm≥ Ht´sd

klm-b-I-am-bn- p≠mIpw. F∂m¬ Ct∏mƒ \nb-a-{]-Imcw Cu tImgvkv \n¿_-‘-

ambpw ]q¿Øn-I-cn-t°-≠-Xp-≠v. CXp-hsc B¿÷n® \nß-fpsS A\p-`-h-߃

Xo¿®-bmbpw Cu ]≤-Xnbv°v klm-b-I-am-Ipw.

Cu Un.F¬Uv ]≤Xn Hm∏¨ B‚ v Un v teWnßv (ODL) tamUn-emWv

\¬Ip-∂-Xv. CXv \nßfpsS ÿncw A[ym-]\ sXmgnens\ iey-s∏-Sp-ØmsX

hnZKv≤ ]cn-io-e\w e`n-°p-hm-\p≈ Ah-kcw Hcp-°p-∂p.

CXn-\mbn {]tXyIw Xøm-dm-°-s∏´ kzbw]T-\- km-a-{Kn-Iƒ \n߃°v

a\- n-em-°p-∂-Xn\pw DØa A[ym-]-I-\m-Ip-∂-Xn-\p≈ Ign-hp-Iƒ hnI- n-∏n

-s®-Sp-°p-∂-Xn\pw klm-b-I-am-Ip-∂p.

Cu al-Ømb DZy-a-Øn-\v F√m `mhp-I-ßfpw t\cp-∂p.

sNb¿am≥ (F≥.sF.H.Fkv)

4

D≈-S°w

Page No.

1. BapJw 5

2. ]≤-Xn-bpsS e£y-߃ 7

3. e£y-an-Sp∂ P\-hn- m-K-hpw, tbmKyXm am\-Z-fihpw 7

4. ImessZ¿Lyw 7

5. ]≤Xn LS\ 7

6. ]mTy-]-≤Xn LS\ 11

7. bqWn‰v LS-\-bpsS hni-Zmw-i-߃ 21

8. ]mTy-{Ia k÷o-I-cWw

9. {IUn‰v kwhn-[m\w

10. klm-b kwhn-[m\w

11. ]≤Xn \S-Øn∏v X{¥-߃

12. A®-Sn® kma-{Kn-Iƒ

13. Syq -dnßv skj-\p-Iƒ

14. {]mtbm-KnI ]cn-io-e\ \S-Øn∏v

15. ]mTy {Ia-_-‘nX Assk≥sa‚ v

16. ]≤Xn ^okv

17. ]Tn-Xm-hns‚ aqey-\n¿Æbw

18. ]p\x]cn£m coXn

19. Bcp-ambn F¥n\v _‘-s∏-SWw

20. A\p-_‘w

i. H∂pw c≠pw h¿j-ß-fnse ]nkn-]n skj-\p-I-fpsS kab hnh-c-]- nI,

ii. {]h¿Ø\ {Ia _‘nX Assksa‚p-Iƒ ka¿∏n-t°≠ XnbXn

iii.. ]co£m t^mdw (H∂mw h¿jw)

iv.. ]co£m t^mdw (c≠mw h¿jw )

v. ]p\x-]-cn-tim-[-\-bv°p≈ At]£m t^mdhpw \nb-am-h-enbpw

vi. ]p\x aqey-\n¿Æ-b-Øn-\p≈ At]£m t^mdhpw \nbam-h-enbpw.

5

1. BapJw

A[ym-]I ]cn-in-e\w Hcp A[ym-]-I‚ KpWsØ \n¿Æ-bn-°p∂ G‰hpw

{][m-\-s∏´ LS-I-am-Wv. ]co-in-e\w e`n-®n- n-√Ø A≤ym-]-I¿°v A[ym-]\Øn\v

Bh-iy-amb \nc-h[n KpW-K-W-߃ a\- n-em-°p-hm≥ km[n-°msX t]mIp-∂p.

]Tn-Xm-hns‚ at\m hnIm-khpw ss\]p-Wn-I-fpsS ]cn-t]m-j-Whpw a\- n-em°n

\∑ hf¿Øn-sbm-Sp-°m≥ DX-Ip∂Xmbn-cn-°Ww A[ym-]-\w.

\nb-a-\-Øn-\p-ap≥]v ]cn-io-e\w e`n®n´n-√mØ F√m A[ym-]-I¿°pw

\n¿±njvS hnZym- ymk tbmKyX Dd∏p-h-cp-Øp-∂-Xn-\mbn Fkv.-F-kv.F 60 Znhkw

ssZ¿Ly-ap≈ ]cn-io-e\w \¬Ip∂p. A[ym-]\ ]cn-io-e\w e`n-®n-´n-√mØ

Cu A[ym-]-I¿°v F v.-F v.F. 60 Znhkw ssZ¿Ly-ap≈ ]cn-io-e\w \evIp∂p.

Cu ]cn-io-e\w F≥ kn Sn C \n¿t±-in-®n-´p≈ ]cn-io-e\ tbmKy-Xbv°v

kam-\-am-Ip-sa∂v Icp-Xp-hm≥ km[n-°p-I-bn-√. 2010 G{]n¬ 1˛mw XobXn \S-∏n¬

h∂ Ip´n-I-fpsS \n¿_-‘n-Xhpw kuP-\y-hp-amb hnZym- ymk Ah-Imiw BIvSv

2009 {]Imcw ]-cnioe\w e`n-®n- n-√mØ {]mY-anI A[ym-]-I¿, hcp∂ 5 h¿j

-Im-e-b-f-hn¬ tbmKyX t\tS-≠-Xp-≠v.

A[ym-]\ ]cn-io-e\w e`n-®n-´n-√mØhcpsS FÆw hfsc hep-Xm-Wv.

AXn-\m¬ Hu]-Nm-cnI apJm-apJ coXn-bn-ep≈ ]cn-im-e\w A{]m-tbm-Kn-I-am-Wv.

CXn\v ]cn-lm-c-ambn Xpd∂ hnZqc hnZym- ymk coXn-I-fn-eqsSbp≈ ]cn-io-e\w

^e-{]-Z-am-Wv F∂v Icp-Xp-∂p.

Cu ]›m-Ø-e-Øn-emWv Xpd∂ hnZq-c-hn-Zym-`ymk ]T-\-co-Xn-bn-eqsS

{]mY-anI A≤ym-]\ ]cn-io-e\w cq]o-I-cn®v \S-∏n-em-°p-hm≥ Xocp-am-\n-®n- p-≈Xv.

tkh-\-Øn-ep≈ ]cn-io-e-\-an-√mØ A[ym-]-I¿°p≈ ]cn-io-e\w Xmsg ]c-bp∂

ASn-ÿ-\-XXz-ß-fn¬ A[n-jvSn-X-am-Wv.

i inip kulm¿±hpw XS cln-X-hp-amb coXn-bn-ep≈ hnZym-`ym-k-Øns‚

]cn-t]mjWw.

ii. inip tI{μo-IrX t_m[-Øn-eqsS IpSp-X¬ {]h¿Ø-\-{i-ahpw {]h¿Ø-t\m¬

apJ-hp-am-b-Xpw At\zm-j-tWmflpJ-am-bXpw I≠p]nSp-Ø-]-c-hp-amb in£W

]cn-t]m-jWw.

6

iii. 2005 se F≥ kn F^v N -Iq-Sns‚ ASn-ÿ-\-Øn¬ A[ym-]\ ]T\ {]{In-b-

bn¬ {i≤n-t°≠ A©p {][m\ XXz-߃ NphsS tN¿°p-∂p.

hnZym-e-b-Øn\v ]pd-sa-bp≈ Adn-hp-ambn _‘-s∏-Sp-ØpI

Imcy{K-l-Wa√mØ ]T\ coXn-bn¬ \n∂p-ap≈ am‰w

]mTy ]≤-Xn-bpsS im‡o-I-cWw

]co£ IqSp-X¬ Ab-hp-≈Xpw Ahsb ¢m vdqw Pohn-X-hp-ambn

kwtbm-Pn-∏n-°p-Ibpw sNøp-I.

P\m-[n-]Xy aqeym-[n-jvSn-X-amb ImgvN-∏Sv hf-Øn-sb-Sp-°p-I.

iv. XpS¿ aqey \n¿Æb coXn-bn-eqsS `b-c-lnX hne-bn-cp-Ø-ens‚ ]cn-t]m-j-Ww.

A[ym-]\ ]cn-io-e-\-Øn¬ kn.-kn. C bv°v {]m[m\yw \¬Ip-I.

v. B¿ Sn C (RTE) BIvSv 2009 apJm¥cw ITn\ in£m-coXn--Ifpw A[ym-]-I-cpsS

kzmImcy Syqj≥ k{º-Zm-bhpw C√m-Xm-°n-bn-cn-°p-Ibm-Wv. AXn\v B¿SnC

BIvSv \njvI¿jn-°p∂ coXn-bn¬ HmtKm Ip´nbpw \∂mbn ]Tn-°p-∂-Xn-\p-

th≠n ¢mkvap-dn-Isf inip-kulrZ-am-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈ t]mwh-gn-Iƒ A[ym-]-Isc

k∂-≤-am-°p∂ ]≤Xn \¬tI-≠n-bn-cn-°p-∂p.

7

2. ]≤-Xn-bpsS Dt±-iy-߃

Ah-c-h-cpsS Np‰p-]m-Sp-I-fn¬ sshhn-≤yX a\- n-em°n \S-∏m-°phm≥

A≤ym-]-Isc {]m]vX-cm-°p-∂p.

¢mkvdqw \S-]-Sn-I-fpsS KpW-ta∑ sa®-s∏-Sp-Øp-hm≥ A≤ym-]-Isc {]m]vX-

cm-°p-∂-Xn\v

hnZym-e-b-Øn¬ inip tI{μoIr-Xhpw inip kulm¿±-hp-amb ]T\

k{º-Zm-b߃ t{]m’m-ln-∏n-°p-hm≥ {]m]vX-cm-°p-∂-Xn\v.

\qX\ A[ym-b\ ]T\ coXn-Iƒ ]cn-io-en-∏n-°p-∂-Xn\v.

Ip´n-I-fn¬ t\Xr-Xz-]m-S-hhpw, {]iv\-]-cn-lm-c-ti-jnbpw hnI-kn-∏n-°p-hm≥

klm-bn-°p-∂-Xn\pw, _mem-h-Imi kwc-£-W-Øn¬ kl-I-cn-°p-hm≥

kwth-Z-\-£-a-am-°p-∂-Xn\pw

3. e£y-anSp¶ P\-hn- m-Khpw tbmKy-Xm-am-\-Z-WvU-§fpw

A≤ym-]I ]cn-io-e\w e`n-®n- n-√mØ {]mY-an-I-Xe(1 4/5) ko\n-b¿ sk°‚dn

hnZym- ymk tbmKy-X-bn¬ 50 % am¿°v t\Sn-bn- p≈hcpw (SC/ST/OBC/PH)

F∂o At]-£-I¿°v 5 % am¿°v Cfhv ) A≤ym] ]cn-io-e\w e`n-®n- n-√mØ

A∏¿ ss{]adn Xe-Øn¬ ( V/VI-VIII)BA/BSC hnZym-`ymk tbmKy-X-

bp-≈h¿°v kwÿm\Øns‚ ip]m¿i A\n-hmcyw

4. ssZ¿Lyw

G‰hpw Ipd™ ssZ¿Lyw c≠p-h¿jw. F∂n-cp-∂mepw Hcp ]Tn-Xm-hns‚

cPn-kvt{S-j≥ aq∂p-h¿jw hsc \ne-\n¬°p-∂-Xm-bn-cn-°pw.

5. ]≤-Xn-bpsS LS\

]≤-Xn -LS-\bpsS ASn -ÿm-\-XXzw Hcp A≤ym-] -I≥ Fen -sa‚dn

hnZym-e-b-Øn¬ sNtø≠ {]h¿Øn-Iƒ-˛-A-Xm-bXv ¢mkvapdn \S-]-Sn-I-fn¬

apgp-Ip-I, kaq-lsØ Hcp-an-∏n-°p-I, hnZym-e-Øns‚ ka-{K-amb \ne-\n¬∏ns‚

`mK-am-IpI, hnZym-e-b-Øns‚ D∂-a-\-Øn-\p≈ ]≤Xn \S∏m-°¬ F∂n-h-bm-Ip-∂p.

Aßns\ Xmsg hnh-cn-°p∂ {]Imcw ]≤-Xn-L-S\ Bhn-jvI-cn-®n-cn-°p-∂p.

8

Zznh-’cw {]mY-anI hnZym- ymk UntπmabpsS ]≤Xn LS\.

{Ia tImgvkv {Kq∏pw s{IUn‰v shbvt‰Pv Ipdn-∏p-Iƒ

\º¿ Xes°´pw Xnbdn {]mIvSn-°¬

1. {Kq∏v - I (kmμ¿`nI {]iv\w) 18 06 F√m tImgvkp-Ifpw

\n¿_-‘nXw

1. C¥y-bnse {]mY-anI 03 01

hnZym- ymkw : kmaqly

kmwkvIm-cnI ]mcºcy-

Øns‚ ImgvN-∏mSn¬

2. ss\XnI Ign-hp-I-fpsS

ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ Ip´nIsf

a\- n-em-°¬ 06 02

3. {]mY-anI kvIqfp-Ifnse

t_m[\w {]{Inb 06 02

4. {]mY-anI hnZym- ymkhpw

kaq-lhpw 03 01

2. {Kq∏v ˛ II (A-≤ym-]\hpw F√m tImgvkpIfpw

]T-\hpw {]mYanI Xe-Øn¬) \n¿_-‘nXw

1. `mjm ]T\w 03 01

2. KWnX ]T\w 03 01

3. ]cn-ÿnXn ]T\w 03 01

4. Ie, Btcm-Kyw, ImbnIw,

{]hrØn ]T\w 03 01

9

4. {Kq∏v - III (A≤ym-]-\hpw 03 01 GsX-¶nepw Hcp tImgvkv

]T-\-hpw A∏¿ ss{]adn am{Xw sXc-s™-Sp-°pI

Xe-Øn¬)

1. kmaqly imkv{Xw 03 01

2. imkv{Xw 03 01

5. {Kq∏v - IV (Ct‚-W¬jn∏v Nil 20 F√mw tImgvkp-Ifpw

kv°qfp-I-fn¬) \n¿_-‘n-X-amWv

{]h¿Ø-\-ime

A[n-jvTnX {]hr-Øn-Iƒ

Xpey-ambn hn -Pn®v

H∂mw-h¿-jhpw

1. hnZymebm-[n-jvTnX Nil 20

{]h¿Ø-\-߃

2. {]h¿Ø-\-ime A[n-jvTnX Nil 08

3. {]mtbm-KnI ]cn-io-e\w

(A-[ym-]-\w) Nil 08

BsI 33 31 Cu ]≤-Xn-bpsS samØw

s{IUn‰v shbvt‰Pv 64

B-Wv. {Kq∏v III˛¬ Hcp

Hm]vj≥ D≈-Xn-\m¬

BsI 68 s{IUn-‰p-Iƒ

Cu tImgvkn¬

Dƒs∏-Sp-Øn-bn-cn-°p-∂p.

10

H∂m h¿j-sØbpw c≠mw h¿j-sØbpw tImgvkp-I-fpsS hnX-cWw Xmsg

sImSp°pw hn[-am-bn-cn-°pw.

H∂mw h¿jw (32)

tIm¿ tImgvkp-Iƒ ({Kq∏v ˛ I)

{Ia Xe-s°´v tªm°v s{IUn‰v

\º¿ T+P = BsI

1. C¥y-bnse

{]mY-anI hnZym`ymkw˛kmaq-

lnIkmwkv°m-cnI ImgvN-∏-Sn¬ 3 3+1 = 4

2. {]mY-anI hnZym-ebØnse

t_m[\ {]{Inb 4 6+2 = 8

A≤ym-]\ hnj-b-߃ ({Kq∏v ˛ II)

3. `mj 3 3 + 1 = 4

4. KWnXw 3 3 + 1 = 4

5. ]cn-k-c-]-T\w 3 3 + 1 = 4

{]mtbm-KnI tImgvkp-Iƒ ({Kq∏v - IV)

1. hnZym-e-bm-[n-jvTnX {]h¿Ø

-\-߃ 4

2. {]hr-Øn-imeA[n-IrX

{]h¿Ø-\-߃ 4

c≠mw h¿jw (32)

tIm¿ tImgvkp-Iƒ ({Kq∏v ˛ I)

{Ia Xe-s°´v tªm°v s{IUn‰v\º¿ T+P = BsI

1. ss\XnI Ign-hp -I-fpsS ASn-ÿm

-\-Øn¬ Ip´n-Isfa\- n-em-°¬ 4 6 + 2 = 8

2. kaq-lhpw {]mY-

anI hnZym-`ymkhpw 3 3 + 1 = 4

A≤yb\ hnj-b-߃ ({Kq∏v ˛ II)

3. Ie, Btcm-Kyw,

Imbn-Iw,{]hrØn ]T\w 3 3 + 1 = 4

A≤yb\ hnj-b-߃ ({Kq∏v ˛ III)

4. kmaq-ly-imkv{Xw 3 3 + 1 = 4

5. imkv{Xw 2 3 + 1 = 4

]cn-io-e\ tImgvkp-Iƒ ({Kq∏v - IV)

6. {]h¿Ø-\-imeA[n-jvTnX

{]h¿Ø-\-߃ 47. A[ym-]\

]cn-io-e\w 4

* T -- = Xnbdn, P = {]mIvSn-°¬

11

6. ]mTy-]-²Xn LS\

1. tImÀ tImgvkp-IÄ ( {Kq¸v þ 8 )

tImUv tImgvkns‚ tªm°ns‚ bqWns‚ Xe-s°´v s{IUn

\º¿ Xes° v Xes° v ‰vkv T+P

BsI

501 C¥y-bnse{]mYanI tªm°v ˛ 1 bqWn‰v 1 : C¥y≥ hnZym`ymk 8+1=4

hnZym-`ymkw C¥y-bnse k{º-Zmbw ˛ 1

kmaq-lnI {]mYanI bqWn‰v 2 : C¥y≥ hnZym`ymk

kmwkvIm-cnI hnZym-`ymkw k{º-Zmbw ˛ 2

ImgvN-∏m-Sn¬ Hcp Xncn™p bqWn‰v 3 --: hnZym-`ymkw

t\m´w aen-Im-h-Imiw

bqWn‰v 4 : UEE bpsS LS\

tªm°v ˛ 2 bqWn‰v 5 : UEE-1 \p

ka-Im-enI bqWn‰v 6 -- : UEE˛2 \p th≠n

kμ¿`Ønse D≈ X{¥Mƒ

C¥y-bnse k¿Δ-in-£m

{]mY-anI A- bm≥ (SSA)

hnZym-`ymkw bqWn‰v 7 :- UEE bpsS

Bkq{X-Whpw

`c-Whpw

tªm°v ˛ 3 bqWn‰v 8: {]mY-anI

ka-Im-enI hnZym-`ym-kØn\v

kμ¿`Ønse A[ym-]-Isc

C¥y-bnse Xøm-dm°¬

{]mY-anI

hnZym-`ymkw

bqWn‰v 9: Aln-X-amb

hcpsS hnZym`ymkØn\v A[ym-]-Isc Xøm-dm-°¬

bqWn‰v 10: {]mY-anI hnZym- ym-k-Øns‚ A¥¿

tZiob cq]-tcJ

506 ss\XnI tªm°v ˛ 1 bqWn‰v 1 : Ip´nsb a\- n-em-°¬

ImgvN-∏m-Sn¬ inip-h-f¿® bqWn‰v 2: ]mc-º-cy-Øn-s‚bpw

Ip´n-Isf bpw hnIm- bqWn‰v 3: hy‡n-Xz-hn-I-k\hpw

khpw ASn ]¶v hne-bn-cp-Øepw

ÿm\߃ bqWn‰v 4: Nn¥m-tijn

hnI-kn-∏n-°¬

12

tªm°v ˛ 2 bqWn‰v 5: kaXz-hn-I-k\w

Ip´nI-fpsS bqWn‰v 6: Ip´n-I-fnse k¿Km

hy‡nXz flI hnI-k\w

hnImkw bqWn‰v 7: kwtbm-PnX(inclusive)

hnZym-`ymk

Bib cq]o-I-cWw

tªm°v ˛ 3 bqWn‰v 8: {]tXyIw ]cn-KWn

kwtbm-PnX t°≠ Ip´n-Isf

hnZym-`ymkw °pdn-®p≈ [mcW

(CWSN - Children with

Special Needs)

bqWn‰v 9 : {]tXyI ]cn-KW\

A¿ln-°p∂ Ip n-Iƒ

°p≈ hnZym- ymkw

bqWn‰v 10 :A\p-I-c-Wob

ss\]p-Wn-I-fpsS

hf¿®. (DAS)

klmb am¿§-߃

(AS) {]tXyI

NnIn’

(Special therapies ST)

bqWn‰v 11 : enwK th¿Xn-cnhv

bqWn‰v 12 :s]¨Ip-´n-I-fpsS

im‡o-I-cWw

bqWn‰v 13 : Ip´n-I-fpsS Ah

Imi-ßfpw t_m[-

h¬°-cWhpw

502 {]mY-anI tªm°v ˛ 1 bqWn‰v 1 : {]mcw` ]T-\hpw

hnZym-e-b-Ønse ]T-\hpw A[y-b-\hpw

A[ym-]\ {]{Inb A≤ym-]\ bqWn‰v 2 : ]T-\-Øn-s‚bpw

{]{In-bbpw A[ym-]-\Øn

‚bpw kao-]\w

bqWn‰v 3 : ]T\-Øn-s‚bpw

A[y-b-\-Øn-s‚bpw

coXn-I-ƒ

bqWn‰v 4 : ]T-\hpw ]Tn-Xmhv

tI{μo-IrX ]T-\-

co-Xn-Ifpw kao-]-\hpw

13

bqWn‰v 5 : ¢mkv dqanse ]T-\-

{]-{In-b-bpsS

ta¬t\m´w

bqWn‰v 6 : A[yb-\-Øns‚bpw

]T-\-Øn-\pap≈

kma-{Kn-Iƒ

bqWn‰v 7 : aƒ´n t{KUv, aƒ´n

-se-h¬ kμ¿ -

ß-fnse ta¬t\m´w

bqWn‰v 8 : ]T-\-{]-h¿Ø-\-

ß-fpsS Bkq-{XWw

bqWn‰v 9 : DZv{K-YnX ]T\

A[ym-]\

{]{In-b-Iƒ

bqWn‰v 10 :A[y-b\ kma-{Kn-

Ifpw kmμ¿`n-I-

am-°¬

bqWn‰v 11 : ]T-\-Øn¬ hnhc

hn\n-a-b-km-t¶-XnI

hnZy-bpsS imYm\w

bqWn‰v 12 : Iºyq- ¿ klmbI

]-T\w

bqWn‰v 13 : hne-bn-cp-Ø-en-s‚bpw

aqey-\n¿Æ-b-Øn-

s‚bpw ASn-ÿm\w

bqWn‰v 14: hne-bn-cp-Ø-en\p

th≠n-bp≈ D]-Ic

Wßfpw X{¥-ßfpw

bqWn‰v 15 : hne-bn-cp-ج

^e-߃]T-\-

\n-e-hmcw Db¿

Øphm≥ D]-tbmK

s∏Sp-ج

bqWn‰v 16 : ]T-\hpw hne-

bn-cp-Øepw

14

507 kaq-lhpw {]mY-anI tªm°v ˛ 1 bqWn‰v 1 : kaq-lhpw hnZym

hnZym-`ym-khpw kaq-lhpw `ymkhpw

hnZym-e-bhpw

bqWn‰v 2 : kaq-Zm-bhpw

hnZym-e-bhpw

bqWn‰v 3 : hnZym-`ym-k-Øn¬

kaq-l-Øns‚ ]¶v

bqWn‰v 4 : SSA bnepw RTE bnepw

sImSp-Øn-´p≈

kaql-Øns‚

]¶m-fnØw˛

tªm°v ˛ 2 bqWn‰v 5 : Ip´nbv°pw hnZym-e-b

hnZym-eb -Øn\pw \¬In-bn-

k{º-Zmbw ´p≈ {]m[m\yw

bqWn‰v 6 : A[ym]I\pw

hnZym-ebhpw

tªm°v ˛ 3 bqWn‰v 7: A[ym]-Is‚

hnZym-eb t\XrXzw

kaql ]c bqWn‰v 8 : hnZym- ymk taJ-e-

kv]c_‘ I-fnse CXc

ta¬t\m´w ÿm]\ßfp

ambp≈ _‘w

bqWn‰v 9 : kaq-lsØ DtØPn

∏n°m≥ ({]h¿Ø

t\m≥ap-Jw)

bqWn‰v 10: hnZym-e-b-Øns‚

ta¬t\m´w

bqWn‰v 11 : hnZym-eb kaql

hn`-h-ß-fpsS

icn-bmb D]-tbmKw

bqWn‰v 12 : hnZym-eb kaql

]¶m-fn-Ø-Øns‚

ta¬t\m´ kao-]\w

503 {]mY-an-I-X-e-Ønse tªm°v ˛1 bqWn‰v 1 : `mj Hcp BapJw

`mjm-]-T\w a\- n-em-°¬ bqWn‰v 2 : C¥y-bnse `mj-Iƒ

bqWn‰v 3 : `mj A[ym-]-\hpw

]T-\hpw

15

tªm°v ˛ 2 bqWn‰v 4 : {ihWw ˛ `mjW

`mjm-]-T\-hp- ss\]pWn

ambn _‘ bqWn‰v 5 : hmb\ ss\]pWn

s∏´ ss\ bqWn‰v 6 : teJ\ ss\]pWn

]p-Wn-Iƒ

tªm°v ˛ 3 bqWn‰v 7 : kmlnXyw

`mjm-]-T\w bqWn‰v 8 : ]mT-kq-{XWw ˛

¢m vap-dn-bn¬ tijw ¢mkn¬

bqWn‰v 9 : ]T-\-k-lm-bn-Ifpw

kma-{Kn-Ifpw

bqWn‰v 10: `mjm-]-T-\-Øn¬

aqey\n¿Æ-bhpw

hne-bn-cp-Øepw

504 {]mY-an-I-X-e-Øn¬ tªm°v ˛ 1 bqWn‰v 1 : Ip´n-Iƒ KWnXw

KWn-X-]-T\w {]mX-an-I-Xe ]Tn-°p-∂-sX-ßns\

Øn¬ KWnX bqWn‰v 2 : KWn-Xhpw KWn-X

]T-\-Øns‚ -]-T-\hpw˛{]m[m\yw

{]m[m\yw hym]vXn, Bh-iy-IX

bqWn‰v 3 : KWn-X-]-T-\-Øns‚

e£y-ßfpw

ImgvN-∏mSpw

bqWn‰v 4 : ]Tn-Xmhpw inip

tI{μo-Ir-X-co-Xn-Ifpw

tªm°v ˛ 2 bqWn‰v 5 : A°-ß-fpw, Ah-bpsS

D≈-S-°-Øn- {]h¿Ø\ coXn-Ifpw

s‚bpw A[y- bqWn‰v 6 : BIr-Xnbpw kvs]jy¬

b-\-coXn-I-fp- _‘-ßfpw

sSbpw sa®- bqWn‰v 7 : Af-hp-Ifpw Af-°epw

s∏-Sp-ج bqWn‰v 8 : ZØ-ß-fpsSssIImcyw

sNø¬

tªm°v ˛ 3 bqWn‰v 9 : AƒPn{_m ]T\w

KWn-X-]-T\ Acn-Ø-am-‰n-Ivkns‚

Ønse ]Tn kw£n]vX cq]w

Xmhns\ hne- bqWn‰v 10: KWnX ]T-\-Øns‚

bn-cp-ج hne-bn-cp-ج

bqWn‰v 11 : aqey\n¿Æ-bØn

\p≈ D]-I-c-W-ßfpw

X{¥-ßfpw

bqWn‰v 12 : KWn-X-]-T\ hne-bn-cp-

Ø-ep-IfpsS XpS¿

hne-bn-cp-ج

16

505 {]mY-anI Xe-Ønse tªm°v ˛ 1 bqWn‰v 1: {]mY-anI XeØn¬

]cn-ÿnXn ]T\w {]mY-anI - ]cn-ÿnXn ]T\Øns‚

XeØnse {]m[m\yw

]cn-ÿnXn- coXn ]cn-K-W\

]T-\Øns‚ bqWn‰v 2: {]mY-an-I-X-e-Øn¬

{]m[m\yw ]cn-ÿnXn ]T-\-Øns‚

e£yhpw hym]vXnbpw

bqWn‰v 3: {]mY-anIXe-Øn¬

]cn-ÿnXn ]T\

Bi-b-ß-fpsS

t_m[\ coXn

]cnKW\

tªm°v ˛ 2 bqWn‰v 4: {]mY-an-I-X-e-Ønse

]cn-ÿnXn ]cn-ÿnXn ]T-\-Øn\v

]T-\-Øns‚ ]mTy-]-≤-Xn-bnse

]mTy-]-≤-Xnbpw \¬In-bn- p≈ ÿm\w

t_m[-\-co-Xnbpw bqWn‰v 5: ]cn-ÿn-Xn-]-T-\w-˛-

A[ym]\w

bqWn‰v 6: ]cn-ÿn-Xn-]-T\w ˛

A[ym-]-\-co-Xn-Iƒ

bqWn‰v 7: ]cn-ÿn-Xn-]-T\w ˛

A[ym-]-\-Ønse

Bkq-{XWw

tªm°v ˛ 3 bqWn‰v 8: ]cn-ÿnXn ]T-\

]cn-ÿnXn Øn\v Bh-iy-amb

]T-\-Øns‚ D]-I-c-W-ßfpw

hne-bn-cp-ج hn`-h-ßfpw

bqWn‰v 9: ]cn-ÿn-Xn-]-T\Øns‚

hne-bn-cpج

bqWn‰v 10: ]cn-ÿnXn ]T\w

hne-bn-cp-ج D]-Ic

Wßfpw X{¥-ßfpw

508 {]mY-an-I-X-e-Øn¬ Ie, tªm°v ˛ 1 bqWn‰v 1: Ie a\- n-em-°epw

Btcm-Ky-Im-bnIw Iem-]-T\w Iem-hn-Zym-`ym-khpw

{]hr-Øn-]-T\w bqWn‰v 2: Zriy-I-e-Ifpw {Im v‰p-

Ifpw ({]m-IvSn-°¬)

bqWn‰v 3: Ah-X-c-W-I-e-Iƒ

({]m-IvSn-°¬)

17

bqWn‰v 4: {]mY-an-I-Xe Iem

hnZym-`ym-k-Øns‚

cq]-tcJ Xøm-dm-°epw

\S-Øn∏pw

bqWn‰v 5: Iem-hn-Zym-`ymk

Øns‚ aqey-\n¿Æbw

tªm°v ˛ 2 bqWn‰v 6: Btcm-Ky-Øns‚ A¿

Btcm-Kyw ∞hpw {]m[m-\yhpw

hnZym- ym-khpw bqWn‰v 7: hnZym-eb BtcmKy

Imbn-I-hnZym hnZym- ymk ]≤Xn

`ymkhpw bn¬ Du∂¬ sImSp

- t°≠ Imcy-߃

bqWn‰v 8: Ahiy Btcm-Ky-

{]-h¿Ø-\-߃

bqWn‰v 9: Imbn-I-hn-Zym-`ym-

k-Øns‚ A¿∞hpw

Bi-bhpw

bqWn‰v 10: Imbn-h-hn-Zym-`ymk

-tcJ Xøm-dm-°epw

\S-Øn∏pw

bqWn‰v 11 : sKbvap-Iƒ,

kvt]m¿Svkv, tbmK

bqWn‰v 12 : {]hrØn ]T-\

-Øns‚ ImgvN-∏mSv

Xnbdn

bqWn‰v 13 : {]hr-Øn-]-T-\-Øns‚

\S-Øn∏v

bqWn‰v 14: {]h¿Øn hnZym- ymk

Ønse ss\]pWn

hnI-k\w

bqWn‰v 15 : kaq-lhpw {]hrØn

hnZym-`ym-khpw

bqWn‰v 16 : {]hr-Øn-]-T-\-Øns‚

aqey-\n¿Æbw

(Xn-b-dnbpw

{]mIvSn--°epw)

18

sFÝnI A[y-b\ hnj-b-§Ä ({Kq¸v þ II) GsX-¦nepw H¶v am{Xw

509 kmaq-ly-im-kv{X-]-T\w tªm°v ˛ 1 bqWn‰v 1: kmaqlyimkv{X 3+1 = 4

A∏¿ ss{]adn kmaq-ly- Øns‚ kz`mhw

Xe-Øn¬ imkv{Xw Hcp bqWn‰v 2: hnZym-eb ]mTy-]≤

Adn-hns‚ bn¬ kmaq-ly-

taJe F∂ imkv{Xw

coXn-bn¬ bqWn‰v 3: Ncn{Xw

a\- n-em-°¬

tªm°v ˛ 2 bqWn‰v 4: `qan-imkv{Xw

kmaq-ly- bqWn‰v 5: kmaq-ln-I-imkv{Xw

imkv{X hnj F∂n-hsb DZv{KYn

bßfpw Bi- ®n´p≈ ]Tn-Xm-hns‚

b-ßfpw kz`mhw

bqWn‰v 6: ]Tn-Xm-hns‚ kz m-hhpw

{]mtZinI Np‰p-]mSp

Ifpw a\- n-em-°¬

bqWn‰v 7: A[ym-]\ ]T\

X{¥-߃

bqWn‰v 8 : kmaq-ly-imkv{X

]T\ hn -h-߃

bqWn‰v 9: kmaq-ly-imkv{X

]T\ hne-bn-cp-ج

510 imkv{X-]-T\w A∏¿ tªm°v ˛ 1 bqWn‰v 1 : imkv{X-kz-`mhw

ss{]adn Xe-Øn¬ imkv{Xw bqWn‰v 2 : imkv{Xob

a\- n-em-°¬ At\z-jWw

bqWn‰v 3 : A≤ym-]-\-Ønse

hyXykvX

kao-]-\-߃

bqWn‰v 4 : {]h¿Ø-t\m≥

ap-J-amb ]T\w

AXns‚ ]¶pw

{]m[m\yhpw

bqWn‰v 5 : A∏¿ ss{]adn

Xe-Øn¬ imkv{X

]T-\-Øns‚ \S-Øn∏pw

tªm°v ˛ 2 bqWn‰v 6 : aqey-\n¿Æ-bhpw

imkv{X ]T\ hne-bn-cp-Øepw

aqey-\n¿Æ-bhpw A\p-_‘ hnjb

\S-Øn∏pw ßfpw

bqWn‰v 7 : imkv{Xw A≤ym-]-\

-Ønse {]iv\-ßfpw

sh√p-hn-fn-Ifpw

19

{]mtbm-KnI tImgvkp-Iƒ ({Kq∏v IV)

511 hnZym-eb A[n-jvSnX hnZym-e-bm-[n-jvTnX {]h¿Ø-\-߃ aq∂m-bn-

{]h¿Ø-\-߃ Xn-cn-®n-cp-°p∂p.

• Hcp Ip´n-bpsS tIkv ÃUn (Case Study)• cPn-Ã-dp-Ifpw dn°m¿Up-Ifpw IrXy-ambn kq£n-°¬

• hnZym-eb ]cn-]m-Sn-I-fn¬ kw`m-h\ \¬I¬

512 sXmgn¬ime sXmgn¬ime _‘nX {]h¿Ø-\-߃°v \mev s{IUn-‰p-A[n-jvTnX {]h¿Ø\ Iƒ D≠v. 12 Znhkw \o≠p-\n¬°p∂ inev]-im-e-bn¬ßƒ (H-∂mw-h¿jw) hnhn[ Xc-Øn-ep≈ {]h¿Ø-\-ß-fn¬ G¿s∏-tS-≠-XmWv

• `mj, KWnXw, ]cn-ÿn-Xn-]-T\w imkv{Xw,kmaqly imkv{Xw F∂ \ne-bn¬ Bkq-{XW

• A[y-b\ ]T\ klm-bI kma-{Kn-Iƒ Xøm-dm-°¬• GsX-¶nepw Hcp hnj-Øn¬ aqey-\n¿Æbw

kw_-‘n®v t]m¿ v t^mfntbm Xøm-dm-°¬• cq]-tc-Jbpw amXr-Ibpw A\p-k-cn®v tNmZy-t]-∏¿

Xøm-dm-°¬• amXr-Im-]m-T-߃ \nco-£n-°¬

• {]{Inbm hne-bn-cp-Ø-ense ]¶m-fnØw

513 sXmgn¬ime A[n sXmgn¬ime A[n-jvTnX {]h¿Ø-\-߃°v 4 s{IUn‰p-jvTnX {]h¿Ø-\-߃ Iƒ D≠v. 12 Znhkw \o≠p-\n¬°p∂ inev]-im-e-bn¬(c≠mw h¿jw) sshhn-[y-am¿∂ {]h¿Ø-\-߃ D≠m-tI-≠-Xp≠v

• Bi-b- q-]Sw GsX-¶nepw c≠p hnj-b-Øn¬ \S-ØpI˛ `mj, KWn-Xw, ]cn-k-c-]-T-\w, imkv{Xw, kma-qlyimkv{Xw

• Ie, ImbnI BtcmKyw {]h¿Ø-\-]-T\w F∂n-h-bn¬{]h¿Øn°pI

• ssSwtS-_nƒ/hm¿jnI {]h¿Ø\ Ie-≠¿ F∂nhhni-I-e\w sNøpI

• hnZym-e-bhpw kaq-l-_‘w• skh-dn≥ {]_‘w Ah-X-cWw• {]{Inb hne-bn-cp-Ø-en¬ ]¶m-fnØw

514 A≤ym-]\ ]-cn-io-e\w A[ym-]I ]cn-io-e-\-Øn\v 8 s{IUn-{dp-Iƒ D≠v.Hcp A[ym-]\ ]cn-io-eI 10 ]cn-io-e-\-]m-T-߃ \mep-hn-j-b-ß-fn-embn Xøm-dm-°-Ww. (`m-j, KWn-Xw, ]cn-k-c]-T\w imkv{X-]-T-\w, kmaq-ly-]-T-\w) Ch¿ Hcp sa‚dns‚ (Mentor) s‚ ta¬t\m- -Øn-em-bn-cn-°Ww (hn-Zym-e-bØnse apXn¿∂ A[ym-]-I-s‚) Chsc Xmsg sImSp-Øn´p≈ am\-ZWvU Dt]m-Kn®v aqey-\n¿Æbw \S-Ø-Ww.• ]mT-cp-]-tcJ Xøm-dm-°¬• ]mT-hn-j-b-Øn-ep≈ Ah-Kmlw• A[ym-]-Is‚ am¿§-Z¿i\w• hnZym¿∞n-I-fpsS ]¶m-fn-Øhpw AXns‚ ta¬t\m- hpw• hnZym¿∞n-I-fpsS aqey-\n¿Æbw• A≤ym] ]cn-io-e-\-Øns\ Ipdn® {][m\

A[ym-]Is‚ hne-bn-cp-ج

20

7. bqWn‰v LS-\-bpsS hni-Zmw-i-߃

501˛ C¥y-bnse {]mY-anI hnZym- ymkw :

Hcp kmaq-ln-I˛ kmwkvIm-cn-I˛ ho£Ww

{]am-Ww.

{]mY-anI hnZym- ym-k-Øns‚ tZio-bhpw, BtKm-f-]-c-amb Xe-sØ-°p-dn-®p≈

Hcp s]mXp-hmb Ah-tem-I-\-amWv Cu {]h¿Ø-\-{I-a-Øn¬ Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv.

{]mY-anI hnZym-`ym-k-Øns‚ Ncn-{X-]-c-amb ]ptcm-KXn hni-Zo-I-cn-°p∂ CXv

{]mY-an -I-hn -Zym-`ym-k-Øns‚ {]Ir-Xhpw, ]ptcm-K-Xnbpw a\- n-em-°m≥

A≤ym-]-Isc klm-bn-°p∂p. hyXyÿ PohnX A\p- h-߃ ka-Im-enI C¥y≥

kaq-l-Øns‚ {]mY-anI hnZym- ymk-sØ IqSp-X¬ a\- n-em-°m≥ kaq-l-Øns‚

Bh-iy-ßfpw, hyXyÿ Pohn-Xm-\p- -h-ß-fp-sSbpw ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ Cu tImgvkv

Xøm-dm-°n-bn-cn-°p-∂p.

{]mY-anI hnZym-`ym-k-sØ°p-dn-®p≈ icn-bmb [mcW \n¿t±-in-®n-´p≈

hmb-\, {]h¿Ø-\-߃ XpS-ßn-bh Hmtcm-bq-Wo-‰n-s‚bpw Ah-km-\-`m-KØv

\¬In-bn-cn-°p-∂p.

\n¿±njvT e£y-߃

{]mYanI hnZym`ymkw t\cn-Sp∂ sh√p-hn-fn-Ifpw {]iv\-ßfpw, {]am-W-ßfpw

a\ n-em-°phm\pw, hnI-kn-∏n-°m\pw.

tZio-b-X-e-Ønepw , A¥¿tZ-io-b-X-e-Ønepap≈ km¿h-{XnI hnZym- ym-ksØ

s]mXp-hmb Ah-tem-I-\-Øn-eqsS hnI-kn-∏n-°¬.

km¿h-{XnI ( Un. ]n. C. ]n ) {]mY-anI hnZym-`ym-k-Øns‚ ap≥ssI

FSp-Øn- p≈ F v.F v. F, B¿. ‰n. C XpS-ßn-b-h-bpsS ]¶v A`n-\-μn-°p-∂p.

kzmX-¥y-e-_v[n°v apºpw tij-hp-ap≈ {]mY-anI hn-Zym- ym-k-Øns‚ Ahÿ

a\- n-em-°m≥.

21

tªm°v 1 : {]mY-anI hnZym- ymkw C¥y-bn¬ Hcp ]p\ch-tem-I\w

bqWo‰v 1 : C¥y≥ hnZym- ymk k{º-Zmbw ˛1

]pcm-X\ C¥y≥ hnZym- ymk k{º-Zmbw ]≠sØ Kpcp F∂ Bibhpw

C∂sØ sshZKv[y A≤ym-]-Icpw Hcp sNdnb Ah-tem-I\w

{_n´ojv Ime-L- wapX¬ 1947 ¬ hsc-bp≈ {]mY-anI hnZym- ym-k-Øns‚

]cm-a¿iw. IΩo-j-\p-I-fp-sSbpw, IΩ-‰n-I-fp-sSbpw {][m\ ip]m¿i-Iƒ.

bqWo‰v 2 : C¥y≥ hnZym- ymk k{º-Zmbw ˛ 11

kzmX-{¥y-Øn\p tij-ap≈ {]mY-anI hnZym- ym-k-sØ ]cm-a¿in®v {]tXy-

In®v hnZym- ymk IΩo-j≥ IΩo-j-s‚bpw {][m\ IΩ-‰n-bp-sSbpw {][m\

ip]m¿i-I-fpsS Hcp Ah-tem-I\w.

tZiob hnZym- ym-k-\-bw, 1968Dw, 1986/1992; {]mY-anI hnZym- ym-k-Øns‚ \b-

߃ Dƒs∏-Sp-Øn-bXv kqNn-∏n-°p-∂p.

8 h¿jsØ {]mY-anI hnZym- ym-k-Øns‚ LS\ (5+3) 5 h¿jw {]mY-an-Ihpw

3 h¿jhw A∏¿ ss{]a-dnbpw.

kvIqƒ ]mTy-]-≤-Xn-bpsS N -°q-Sns‚ ]cn-Wm-aw, tZiob ]mTy-]-≤-Xn-bpsS

{][m\ {]mtbm-Kn-I-X-Iƒ (NCF), 2005 {]mY-anI kvIqÄ ]mTy-]-²-Xn.

bqWoäv 3 : hnZym- ymkw Hcp auenI Ah-Im-i-am-sW∂ \ne-bn¬

km¿h-{XnI {]mY-anI hnZy-`ym-k-Øn-s‚ bq.-C.C ssIh-cn-°m≥ ]‰mØ

t\ -ß-fpsS Imc-W-߃ `c-WL-S-\-bpsS bYm¿∞ B¿´n-°nƒ 45 apX¬

86 masØ c-W-L-S\ t`Z-KXn,2002 B¿´n-°nƒ21 F , auenImhImiw F∂

\ne-bn-ep≈ hnZym- ym-k-Øns‚ D¬`hw

Ip´n-bpsS kuPy\yhpw \n¿_-‘nXambp≈ Ah-Im-i-߃ (B¿.-Sn. C) BIvSv

2009, Cu BIvSns‚ hyh-ÿ-Iƒ Ip´n-bpsS Ah-Im-i-߃

A≤ym-]-I-cpsS ]¶pw DØ-c-hm-ZnXzhpw

kvIqƒ `c-Whpw \S-Øn-∏pw

22

]mTy-]-≤-Xnbpw BtZ-i-I-c-amb aqey-\n¿W-b-hpw.

RTE BIvSns‚ \nb-a-sØ-°p-dn-®p≈ Hcp sNdnb ]cm-a¿iw, kwÿm-\-߃

AwKo-I-cn-®-Xv.

I¨I-d‚ v enÃn-ep≈ hnZym- ymkw; tI{μ-Øn-s‚-bpw, kwÿm-\-ß-fp-sSbpw

{]mtbm-Kn-I-X.

bqWn‰v 4 : UEE bpsS ÿm]-I-L-S\

{]mY-anI hnZym- ym-k-Øns‚ hnhn[-X-e-Øn-ep≈ kwL-S\m LS\

tZiobw (NCERT)

kwÿm\w (SCERT, SIEMT)

Pn√ (DIETs)

tªm°v (BRCs)

Iq´w (CRCs)

Hmtcm Xe-Ønepw krjvSn®n- p≈ ÿm]-\-Øns‚ ]¶pw, [¿Ω-hpw.

tªm°v 2 : C¥y-bnse {]mY-anI hnZym- ymkw ka-Im-en\ kμ¿ -Øn¬ I

bqWn‰v 5 : bp.-C.C ˛ 1\v th≠n-bp≈ X{¥-߃

km¿Δ-{XnI {]mY-anI hnZym- ymkw (LEE) km¿Δ{XnI {]mY-anI hnZym- ym-k-

Øn-\m-bp≈ ]≤-Xn.

LIP - ASn-ÿm\ hnZym- ymk ]≤-Xn, _nlm¿ hnZym- ymk ]≤-Xn, temIv Ppw_n-

jv, in£ I¿Ωn alm-cmjv{S kwÿm-\-Øns‚ ]≤Xn {]tXy-In®pw alm-

cmjv{S kwÿm-\-Øns‚ kmaq-ln-I-]-c-ambn hyXn-N-en-°p∂ Ip´n-I-fpsS coXn

imkv{Xw, s]¨Ip-´n-Iƒ°m-bp≈ coXn-Iƒ, kmº-Øn-I-ambn ]nt∂m°w

\nev°p∂ Ip´n-Iƒ°m-bp≈ coXn-Iƒ, hoZq-c- m-K-ß-fnse Ip´n-Iƒ, kvIqfn\p

]pd-Øp≈ Ip´n-Iƒ°p≈ coXn-Iƒ, {]tXyI e£y KW-߃ ( n∂tijn ,

tZh-Zmkn Ip´n-Iƒ apX-em-bh )

23

Pn√m {]YanI hnZym-`ymk ]≤Xn ( Un.]n C.]n ) , Un.-]n.-C.-]n. bpsS

e£y߃ Un.-]n.-C.-]n. bpsS {][m-\-L-S-I-߃, Un.-]n.-C.-]n. bpsS ]≤Xn

\S-∏m-°¬, X{¥-ßfpw {]h¿Ø-\-ßfpw bp.-C.C ]cn-]m-Sn-bpsS kzm[o-\w.

bqWo‰v 6 : bq.-C.C 11 s‚ X{¥-߃ : k¿Δ-in£m A`n-bm≥ (F v.F v. F)

k¿Δ-in£m A`n-bm≥ ( F v.F v. F ) ]≤-Xnbpw AXns‚ {]tXy-I-X-Ifpw

F v. F v.F bpsS Dt±iy e£y-߃

F v. F v.F ]≤-Xn-bpsS Iogn-ep≈ kmº-ØnI \nb-a-߃

kvIqfns‚ hnI-k-\hpw A\p-_‘ kuI-cy-ßfpw

D®- -£-Whpw AXns‚ F v. F v. F bnep≈ kw`m-h-\-Ifpw

B¿.-Sn. BIvSv s‚ kulm¿≤X ,2009 Dw k¿h in£m A`n-bm\pw

bqWo‰v 7 : UEE bqsS Bkq-{X-Whpw ssIIm-cyhpw

hnZym- ym-k- ssIIm-cy-Øns‚ A[n-Imc hntI-{μo-I-cWw, 73, 74 `c-W-L-S\

t`Z-KXn

kq£vahpw, hn]p-e-hp-amb Xe-Øn-ep≈ Bkq-{XWw .

{]mY-anI hnZym- ym-k-Øn-ep≈ ssIIm-cyhpw `c-W-]-c-amb {]iv\-߃.

RTEACT s‚ kvIqƒ ssIImcyw, 2009

^e-{]-[-amb ssIIm-cyhpw, imIm-Xo-I-c-W-Øn\pw th≠n tZiob, kwÿm\,

Pn√m-X-e-ß-fnse ÿm]-\-ßsf _‘-s∏-Sp-ج.

t_m°v 3 : C¥y-bn¬ {]mY-anI hnZym- ymkw ka-Im-enI kμ¿ -Øn¬

bqWo‰v 8 : {]mY-anI hnZym- ym-k-Øn\v th≠n A≤ym-]-Isc Xøm-dm-°¬

{]mYanI A≤ym-]I hnZym- ym-k-Øns‚ amXrI, ka{K amXrI Dƒs∏- -Xv.

NCF s‚ Du∂¬, 2005, {]mY-anI L -Ønse kvIqƒ hnZym- ymkw.

24

\mj-W¬ Icn-°pew s{^bnw-h¿°v t^m¿ So®¿ FUyp-t°-j≥ (NCFTE) 2009˛10

{]mY-anI A[ym-]-I¿°p≈ Xøm-sd-Sp-∏v.

t_m[-\-imkv{X {]iv\-ß-fpw, {]mY-anI hnZym-`ym-k-Øns‚ ss{]a-dn,

A∏¿ ss{]adn D]-L- -߃.

A≤ym-]nI Hcp {]Xn- -e-\m-flI ]cn-io-e-I.

So®¿ Fen-Pn-_n-en‰n sSÃns‚ (TET) {]mtbm-Kn-IX

bqWn‰v 9: hnI-emwK hnZym- ym-k-Øn\v A[ym-]-Isc krjvSn-°p-I.

Xg-b-s∏´ Ip´n-I-fpsS hnZym- ym-k-Øn\v A≤ym-]-Isc Xøm-dm-°¬.

t\Sp-∂-Xn-s‚-bpw, \ne-\n¿Øp-∂-Xn-s‚bpw {]iv\-߃.

]´n-I-PmXn ]´n-I-h¿§-Øns‚ hnZym- ymkw

ap…ow \yq\]£ßƒ

IpSn-tb-‰-°m¿

{]tXyI ]cn-K-W\ A¿ln-°p-∂ Ip´n-Iƒ \K-c-Ønse ]mh-s∏- -h-cpw, Zmcn-

{Zy-Zp-cn-X-ap-≈-Xpw, `qan-im-kv{X-]-c-ambn hnZq-c-ÿ-e-ß-fn-ep≈ Ip´n-I-fpw.

tPmen sNbvXp-sIm-≠n-cn-°p∂ hnZym¿∞n-Iƒ

A°m-Z-anIv ]n¥pW k{º-Zm-bhpw A≤ym-]I im‡o-I-c-Whpw

A≤ym-]-I-cpsS k¶-enX ]cn-io-e\w

kv°qfn¬ Ip´n-I-fpsS Ah-Im-i-߃ kwc-£n-°p-∂-Xn\v A≤ym-]-I-cpsS

im‡o-I-cWw

bqWn‰v 10 : {]mYanI hnZym- ym-k-Øns‚ A¥¿tZ-iob kml-Ncyw

tPmw‰n-bm≥ tIm¨^-d≥kns‚ {][m\ Du∂¬ (1990) E-9 cmPy-ß-fpsS

kzm[o-\w, Z£nW Gjy≥ taJe

hnI-kz-c cmPyß-fn-epw, hnI-kn-X-cm-Py-ß-fn-ep-ap≈ {]Y-anI hnZym- ym-k-Øns‚

ap≥ssI.

A¥¿tZ-iob GP≥kn-I-fpsS LIEE (LINECO, UNICEF, temI _m¶v, PFID, SIDA) ]¶v

temI hnZym- ymk tImW- -d≥kv, U°¿, sk\n-K¿, 2009

F√m-h¿°pw hnZym- ymkw (EFA)

25

tImgvkv 2: 506 k¶-enX kml-N-cy-Øns‚ ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ Ip n-Isf a\-kn-em-°¬

Ip´n-Isf ka-{K-ambn hf¿Øm-\pw, ^e-{]-Z-ambn A≤ym-]\w sNøm-\pw,

^e-{]-Z-ambn A≤ym-]\w sNøm\pw Ip´n-I-fpsS {]Ir-X-hpw, Bh-iy-ßfpw

A≤ym-]-I¿ a\-kn-em-°n-bn-cn-°-Ww. Ip´nsb apgp-h-\mbn a\- n-em-°msX

^e-{]-Zamb A≤ym-]\w km[y-a-√. Ip´n-I-fnse hy‡n hyXymkw CS-]-g-Im\pw

AXn-\-\p-k-cn®v Ah-tcmSv CS-]-g-Im\pw Cu tImgvkv \nßsf klm-bn-°p-∂p.

F√m Ip´n-Iƒ°pw kzX-{¥-ambn Ahs‚ / Ah-fpsS Ah-cpsS A\p- -h-Øns‚

ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ A`n-{]mbw {]I-Sn-∏n-°m\pw, `oj-Wn-bn√msX Ah-cpsS

A\p-`-h-Øns‚ ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ Adnhv \n¿Ωn-°m\pw Ign-bp∂ Np‰p-]m-Spw,

krjvSn-°m\pw t_m[-\-{]-{Inb inip kulm¿±-am-°m-\p-ap≈ kml-Ncyw

A≤ym-]I¿ krjvSn-°-Ww. Ah-Im-i-ß-fpsS kwc-£WØns‚ Bh-iy-I-Xbpw

Ip´n-I-fpsS kzm`m-hn-I-hp-amb ]ptcm-K-Xnsb t]mjnX-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xp-amb Imcy-ßsf

A≤ym -]nI A`n -\ -μn -°-Ww. Ip´n -I -fpsS kmaq -ln -I -˛ -kmw -kvIm -cnI

kμ¿ -ßsf°pdn-®p≈ Hcp Dƒ°mgvN Cu tImgvkv N¿®-sN-øp-tºmƒ \n߃°v

km[n-°pw.

tImgvkns‚ ]≤Xn Xmsg ]d-bp∂ ]T\ Dt±-iy-߃ t\Sm≥ Cu tImgvkv

^e-{]-Z-amb coXn-bn¬ Xøm-dm-°n-bn-cn-°p-∂p.

tImgvkns‚ cq]-I¬∏\:

A≤ym-]nI ]T-\-Øn¬ inip-hn-I-k\Øns‚ ASn-ÿm\ Bi-bhpw, XXzhpw

AXns‚ {]mtbm-Kn-I-Xbpw a\- n-em-°m≥ Cu tImgvkv e£y-an-Sp-∂p. Ip´n-I-fpsS

ka-{K-amb hy‡nXz hnI-k-\-Øn\v icn-bmb Zni-bn¬ A≤ym-]-I¿ apt∂m´v

t]mI-Ww. Ip´n-I-fpsS hy‡n hyXymkw {]tXy-In®v enwK-hy-Xym-khpw

kmaq-ln-I-˛-km-º-ØnI LS-I-ßfpw a\- n-em-°n-bm¬ {]tXyI Bh-iy-ap≈

Ip´n-Iƒ°v A\p-tbm-Py-amb Np‰p-]mSv krjvSn-°m≥ A≤ym-]-I¿°v klm-b-I-am-Ipw.

Ip´n-Isf a\- n-em-°p-∂-Xn¬ A[ym-]n-I-bpsS ]¶v hni-Zo-I-cn-°p-∂p.

Ip´n-I-fpsS hy‡nXz ]ptcm-K-Xn-sb-°p-dn-®p≈ X{¥-߃ N¿® sNøp-∂p.

]Tn-Xm-hn-s\-bpw, ]T-\-{]-{In-b-sbbpw a\- n-em-°p-∂p.

kml-N-cy-Øns‚ ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ Bi-b߃ a\- n-em-°m≥ taJe A[n-

jvTn-X-amb {]h¿Ø-\-߃ sImSp-°p-∂p.

Cu tImgvkn¬ N¿® sNbvXn- p≈ hnhn[ Bi-b-߃ IqSpX¬ a\- n-em-

°m≥ Hmtcm bqWn-‰n-s‚bpw Ah-km\w \n¿t±-i hmb\ A≤ym-]-I¿°v ]cn-

N-b-s∏-Sm≥ km[n-°p-∂p.

26

\ymb-hmZw

{]mY-an-I-L-´-Øn-ep≈ Ip´n-°m-ehpw A≤ym-]-I¿°v a\- m-em-Im-\mWv

Cu tImgvkv Xøm-dm-°n-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xv. A≤ym-]\ ss\]p-Wn-bpw, {]mK-¤yhpw

ASn-ÿm-\-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn- p≈ Hcp tImgvkm-Wn-Xv. Cu tImgvkv klm-b-I-am-Ip-∂Xv

{]mY-anI hnZym-e-b-Ønse Ip´n-bpsS Ahs‚/Ah-fpsS kmaq-ln-I- -kmw-kvIm-cnI

kμ¿ -ßsf a\- n-em-°m\pw Ah-cpsS Bh-iy-߃ a\- n-em-°m-\p-am-Wv. ¢mkvdqw

Btcm-Ky-]-c-hpw, ^e-{]-Z-am-°m\pw {]tXyI ]cn-K-W\ A¿ln-°p∂ Ip´n-I-fpsS

Bh-iy-߃ a\- n-em-°m\pw klm-bn-°p-∂p.

\n¿±njvT e£y-߃

Xmsg]d-™n- p≈ \n¿±njvT e£y-߃ t\Sm≥ Cu tImgvkv klm-b-I-am°pw.

Ip´n-bpsS hnhn[-ta-J-e-I-fmb imco-cn-I, Im-bn-I-˛-km-aq-ln-I, sshIm-cnI

hnIm-k-sØ-°p-dn-®p≈ a\- n-em-°¬.

Ip´n-bpsS ]T-\-Øn¬ icn-bmb coXn-I-fpw, am[y-a-ßfpw sXc-s™-Sp-°p-∂-Xn\v

A≤ym-]-Isc im‡o-I-cn-°p-∂p.

k¶p-enX Np‰p-]m-Sn¬ Ip´n-bpsS hy‡nXz hnIm-k-sØ-°p-dn®v a\- n-em-°p-∂p.

Xmsg-sIm-Sp-Øn-cn-°p-∂Xv t]mse Cu tImgvkv 4 tªm°p-I-fmbn 13 bqWn-‰p-I-fmbn

Dƒs∏-Sp-Øn-bn-cn-°p-∂p.

tªm°v 1 : iniphf¿®-bp-sS-bpw, hnIm-k-Øn-s‚bpw ASn-ÿm-\w.

bqWn‰v 1 : Ip´nsb a\- n-em-°¬

Ip´n-bpsS hf¿®bpw ]ptcm-Kn-Xbpw a\- n-em-°¬

hf¿®-bp-sSbpw ]ptcm-K-Xn-bp-sSbpw XXz-߃/kz`m-h-k-hn-ti-j-X-Iƒ.

ssiihw sXm´v _mey-Imew hsc-bp≈ hf¿®-bpsS hnhn-[-L-´-ßfpw

Ah-bpsS {]mtbm-Kn-I-X-bpw.

hnIm-k-Øns‚ L´-ß-fn¬ imco-cn-I, kmaq-ln-I, sshIm-cn-I, Imbn-I,

_u≤n-I, [m¿Ωn-I A≤ym-]-\- -]-T\{]{In-b-bn¬ hn-I-k-\-]-c-amb L -ß-fpsS

{]mtbm-Kn-I-X.

hf¿®-sb-bpw, hnIm-k-sØbpw kuI-cy-{]-Z-am-°p∂ LS-I-߃.

Ip´n -I -fnse hf¿®-bp -sS -bpw, hnIm-k-Øn-s‚bpw XpS -ßn -b-h-bn¬

A≤ym-]-I¿°p≈ ]¶v.

27

bqWn‰v 2 : ]mc-º-cy-Øn-s‚bpw ]cn-ÿn-Xn-bp-sSbpw ]¶v.

]mc-º-cyw, Np‰p-]mSv F∂ Bibw. ]mc-º-cyw, Np‰p-]m-Sns‚ {]m[m-\yhpw

LS-I-ß-fpw.

Ip´nsb a\- n-em-°p-∂-Xn¬ ]mc-º-cy-Øn-s‚-bpw, ]cn-ÿn-Xn-bp-sSbpw

A\p-_‘ {]m[m-\yw.

Ip´n-bpsS hnIm-k-Øn¬ ]mc-º-cy-Øn-s‚-bpw, ]cn-ÿn-Xn-bp-sSbpw {]mtbm-Kn-I-X.

tªm°v 2: Ip´n-I-fnse hy‡n-Xz-hn-Imkw

bqWn‰v 3: hy‡nXz hnI-k-\hpw AXns‚ hne-bn-cp-Øepw

hy‡n-Xz-Øns‚ {]Ir-Xhpw, Bi-b-hpw.

hy‡n-Xz-Øns‚ kz`m-h-k-hn-ti-j-X-I-fpw, Xe-ß-fpw.

hy‡n-Xz-kn-≤m-¥-߃; Alw F∂ Bi-bw, aqey-߃, at\m-`m-hw,

ImgvN-∏m-Sv, {]tNm-Z-\w, t\XrXz kz`m-hw.

hy‡n-XzsØ kzm[o-\n-°p∂ LS-I-ß-fpsS hne-bn-cp-ج.

hy‡nXz hnI-k-\-Øn\v A≤ym-]-I-cpsS ]¶v.

bqWn‰v 4: Nn¥m ss\]p-Wn-I-fpsS hnI-k\w

L´w, Xcw. Nn¥sb klm-bn-°p∂ D]-I-c-W-߃

{In´n-°¬,, kw{h-P\ Nn¥-\w, hn{h-P\ Nn¥-\w, F∂n-hbpsS hnIm-kw.

Nn¥-bpsS ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ bp‡nXocp-am\w FSp-°m≥ Ip´nsb im‡o-I-cn-°¬.

¢mkvap-dn-I-fn¬ Ip´n-Iƒ°n-S-bn¬ A\p-tbmPy ss\]p-Wn-Iƒ {]tbm-P-\-

s∏-Sp-Øp-I.

Nn¥m-ss\-]p-Wn-Iƒ hnI-kn-∏n-°p-∂-Xn\v kvIqƒ, A≤ym-]-I-cpsS ]¶v.

bqWn‰v 5 : Development of Self kz`mh-Øns‚ hnI-k-\w.

Ip´n-I-fn¬ Self concept hnI-k\w

Ip´n-I-fn¬ Self concept s‚ hnI-k-\-sØ klm-bn-°p∂ hyh-ÿ-Iƒ.

Ip´n-I-fn¬ Self concept s\ kzm[o-\n-°p∂ LS-I-߃.

28

– Ip´n-I-fn¬ aqey-ß-fp-tS-bpw, [m¿Ωn-I-X-bp-sSbpw hnIm-kw.

– aqey-ß-fpsS hnI-k-\-Øn¬ A®-S-°-Øns‚ ]¶v.

– at\m-`m-h-Øns‚ hnI-k-\-Øn-\pw, \√ at\m-`m-h-Øns‚ hnI-k-\-Øn\v

A≤ym-]n-I-bpsS ]¶v

– Importance of Perception and its devl in Children.

– Ip´n-I-fnse Bfl-tNm-Z-\-bpsS kz`m-h-k-hn-ti-j-X-Iƒ.

– A¥¿ Bfl-tNm-Z-\, persistance, sh√p-h-fn-Isf sXc-s™-Sp-°¬, Bi-b-Xzw.

– hnI-k-\hpw enhancing Bfl-tNm-Z\

bqWn‰v 6: Ip´n-I-fn¬ k¿Km-fl-I-XbpsS hnIm-kw.

Bi-bhpw {]Ir-Xhpw hnhn-[-X-c-Øn-ep≈ k¿Km-fl-I-X-bpw.

k¿Km-fl-I-Xsb kzm[o-\n-°p∂ LS-I-߃.

{]h¿Ø-\-ß-fn-epsS k¿Km-fl-I-X-bpsS hnI-k-\-Øn-\p≈ X{¥-߃ (k¿Km-

fl-IX hnI-kn-∏n-°m-\p≈ {]h¿Ø-\-߃)

i) ]mT-ime hnjbw hnI-k\w

ii) kl-]m-T-j-ime hnjbw hnI-k\w

k¿Km-fl-I-Xsb ]cn-t]m-jn-∏n-°m-\p≈ ]T-\-km-a-{Kn-I-fpsS hnI-k-\w.

tªm°v 3: k¶-enX hnZym- ymkw

bqWn‰v 7: k¶-enX hnZym- ymkw Bap-Jw.

{]tXyI hnZym- ymk Bi-b-hpw, {]Ir-X-hpw, kwtbm-PnX hnZym- ym-k-hpw, k¶-

enX hnZym- ym-k-hpw.

k¶-enX kvIqfp-I-sf-bpw, ¢mkvap-dn-I-sfbpw kzm[o-\n-°p∂ LS-I-߃.

k¶-enX ]T-\-km-a-{Kn-Iƒ, uXnI Np‰p-]mSpw ¢mkvap-dn-I-fpsS ssIIm-cy-hpw.

k¶-enX aqey-\n¿Æb k{º-Zm-b-Øns‚ hnIm-kw.

Disadvantaged groups: Zfn-Xv, BZn-hm-kn, _me-th-e, a‰p-X-c-Øn-ep≈ k¶-en-Xw.

29

bqWn‰v 8 : CWSN F∂ Bi-bw.

CWSN \n¿Δ-N-\w.

hnhn-[-X-c-Øn-ep≈ sshI-ey-ßfpw (am-\-kn-Iw, imco-cn-Iw, sshIm-cn-Iw,

hymh-lm-cn-Iw, ]T-\-]cw Ip´n-I-fn¬ Ah-bpsS hf¿®m-]-c-amb kzm[o-\w.

sshI-ey-ß-fp≈ Ip´n -I-fpsS hf¿®sb kzm[o-\n -°p∂ LS-I-߃

F¥p-sIm-≠mWv Ahsc ‘Waiting Children’ F∂p-hn-fn-°p-∂-Xv.

t\c-tØ-bp≈ Xncn-®-dn-b¬, hne-bn-cp-Ø-epw, CS-s]-Sepw

1994 se PWD BIvSv tI{μ-Øns‚ bpw kwÿm-\-ß-fp-sSbpw ]¶v.

¢mkvdq-an¬ CWSN Ip´n-Isf ssIImcyw sNøm≥ A≤ym-]I¿ Fßs\

\n¿Wm-b-I-ambn ]s¶-Sp-°p-∂p.

CWSN Ip´n-Isf A`n-kw-t_m-[\ sNøm-\pw, Xncn-®-dn-bp-∂-Xn-\p-am-bp≈

A≤ym-]-IcpsS ]¶v.

{]mY-anI L -Øn¬ CWSN s‚ ]T\ Bh-iyw.

bqWn‰v 9: CWSN hnZym- ymkw

CWSN s‚ hnZym- ymk Bhiyw

CWSN s‚ ]mTy-]-≤Xn (s]m-Xp-hmb ]mTy-]-≤-Xn), kvIqfn¬ CWSN Ip´n-I-

fpsS ]T\ Bh-iy-ß-fpsS kuI-cyw.

kvIqfn¬ sshI-ey-ap≈ Ip´n-I-tfbpw Dƒs∏-Sp-ج

hnZym- ymkw \¬Ip-∂-Xn\v

CWSN s‚ ¢mkvdqw kwtbm-P\w

Krlm-Xp-cm-[n-jvTnX hnZym- ym-k-Øns‚ Bi-bhpw ]¶pw

CWSN s‚ {]tbm-P-\-I-c-amb ]T-\-Øn\v ICT bpsS D]-tbm-Kw.

¢mkvdqw ssIIm-cyhpw CSWN

bqWn‰v 10: Development of Adoptive Skills (DAS), Assistire device (AS) Special Therapies (ST)

ZsØ-Sp-°¬ Ign-hp-Iƒ, Akn-Ã-do-hv Unssh-kp-Iƒ, kvs]jy¬ sXdm∏n

F∂n-h-bpsS hnI-k\w)

_p≤n-]-c-ambn ]cn-an-Xn, {ihW ]cn-an-Xn, Ne\ ]cn-an-Xn, skdn-{_¬ ]mƒkn,

`mj-W-]-cn-an-Xn-bp≈ Ip´n-Iƒ°v th≠n-bp-≈-XmWv DAS, AS, ST.

30

]T\ sshI-eyw, _lp-hn[ sshIeyw Hmtcm-∂ns\°pdn®pw Hcp sNdnb N¿®.

tªm°v 4: s]¨Ip- nbpw AhcpsS Ah-Im-i-ß-fpw.

bqWn‰v 11: hnZym- ym-k-Øn-ep≈ enwK-]-c-amb {]iv\-߃.

enwKXzw F∂ Bi-bw, enwK-hpw, sP≥Udpw XΩn-ep≈ hyXymkw

B¨Ip-´n-I-fp-sSbpw s]¨Ip-´n-I-fp-sSbpw Poh-im-kv{X-]-chpw enwK

LS-I-ß-fpw.

enwK th¿Xn-cn-hns‚ A¿∞w

\ΩpsS kaq-l-Ønse B¨Ip- n-I-fp-sSbpw s]¨Ip- n-I-fp-sSbpw ]Z-hn.

enwK th¿Xn-cn-hns‚ Imc-W-߃.

kvIqfn-epw, ¢mkvdq-an-ep-ap≈ enwK th¿Xn-cnhv

enwK th¿Xn-cnhv {]h-W-X-bpsS FXn¿`m-K-Øns‚ Bhiyw

kvIqfn-s‚bpw, A≤ym-]-I-cp-sSbpw ]¶v.

`mKw 12: s]¨Ip- n-I-fpsS im‡o-I-cWw

s]¨Ip- n-I-fpsS im‡o-I-c-W-Øns‚ A¿∞w

im‡o-I-c-W-Øns‚ indicators

s]¨Ip- n-I-fp-sS im‡o-I-c-W-Øns‚ Bh-iy-I-X.

s]¨Ip- n-I-fpsS im‡o-I-c-W-Øn¬ hnZym- ym-k-Øns‚ ]¶v: im‡o-I-cWw

HutZym-Kn-I-hpw, A\u-tZym-Kn-I-hp-amb hnZym- ym-k-Øn-eqsS

s]¨Ip- n-I-fpsS im‡o-I-c-W-Øn-\p≈ ap≥ssI-Iƒ: `c-W-L-S-\-bp-sS.

Kh¨sa‚ns‚ \b-ß-fpw, ap≥ssI-Ifpw NPEGEL

{KmaoW taJ-e-bn¬\n-∂p≈ s]¨Ip-´n-Iƒ°m-bp≈ ]cn-]m-Sn-Iƒ, a‰p

ap≥ssI-Iƒ (Mahila Samakhya)

kv{XoI-fp-sS-bpw, s]¨Ip- n-I-fp-sSbpw im‡o-I-c-W-Øn-\p≈ GP≥kn-I-fpsS

]¶v, Kh¨sa‚ v, NGOs bpsS ]¶v, Xt±i kzbw-`-cW ÿm]-\-߃,

kvIqfp-I-fp-sS-bpw, A≤ym-]-I-cp-sSbpw ]¶v.

s]¨Ip- n-Iƒ°m-bp≈ PohnX ss\]p-Wn-Iƒ: PohnX ss\]p-Wn-Iƒ F∂

Bi-bw, s]¨Ip-´n-Iƒ°m-bp≈ PohnX ss\]p-Wn-Iƒ, kvIqfp-I-fp-sSbpw

A≤ym-]-I-cp-sSbpw ]¶v.

bqWn‰v 13: Ip´n-I-fpsS Ah-Im-i-ßfpw A¿l-X-Ifpw

a\p-jym-h-Im-i-ß-fp-sS-bpw, Ip´n-bpsS Ah-Im-i-ß-fp-sSbpw A¿∞w.

Ip´n-bpsS Ah-Im-i-߃°p th≠n-bp≈ ]hs‚ ap≥Icp-X¬: \h{]Jym-]-\-

Øns‚ {][m\ Dt±-iy-ß-fpw, Bh-iy-hpw.

31

Ip´n-bpsS kuP-\yhpw \n¿_-‘n-X-hp-amb Ah-Im-i-ß-fpsS hnZym- ymk BIvSv,

2009 Ip´n-bpsS AhIm-i-߃.

Ip´n-bpsS Ah-Im-i-ß-fpsS kwc-£Ww: Ip´nbpsS Ah-Im-i-ß-fpsS

kwc-£-W-Øns‚ Bh-iy-I-X. (Ip- n-I-fpsS Ah-Imi kwc-£-W-Øn-\m-bp≈

tZiob IΩo-js‚ \n¿_-‘nX hyh-ÿ)

Mandatory provision of National Commission for the protection of child Right (NCPCR)

Ip´n-bpsS Ah-Im-i-ß-fpsS ewL\w: _me-the: _me-th-e-bpsS A¿∞w.

_me-the \ntcm-[-\-Øns‚ Bh-iyw.

_me-the \ntcm-[n-°m-\p≈ hgn-Iƒ.

C¥y-bnse _me-the \ntcm -[ -\ -Øns‚ Bkq- {XW IΩo-js‚

Imcy-\n¿Δ-lW kw{K-lw.

_me-the \ntcm-[-\-Øns‚ \ymbw.

kvIqfp-I-fnse Ip´n-I-fpsS Ah-Im-i-ß-fpsS ewL\w: kvIqfp-I-fnse

Ip´n-I-fpsS Ah-Im-i-ew-L-\-Øns‚ DZm-l-c-W-߃.

imco-cnI in£bpw Ip´n-bpsS Ah-Im-i-ßfpw

imco-cnI in£ \ntcm-[n-°p-∂-Xns‚ Bh-iyw.

Ip´n -bpsS Ah-Im-i-߃ kwc-£n-°p-∂-Xn -s‚-bpw, A≤ym-]-I-cpsS

s]cp-am-‰-Øn-s‚bpw A≤ym-]-I-cpsS CS-bnse ]¶v.

tImgvkv 3 : 502 {]mY-anI kvIqfp-I-fnse t_m[\ {]{In-b-Iƒ.

tImgvkns‚ cq]-I¬∏\

Cu tImgvkn\v taJ-em-[n-jvTnX Assk≥sa‚p-Iƒ D≠m-bn-cn-°pw.

A≤ym-]I ss\]p-Wn-I-fpsS hnImkw

kvIqƒhn-j-b-ß-fpsS A≤ym-]-\-Øn¬ kn≤m-¥-ß-sf-bpw, {]mtbm-Kn-I-X-

sbbpw ]c-kv]cw _‘n-∏n-°p-∂p.

t_m[\ ImgvN-∏m-Sn-s\-bpw, kao-]-\-sØbpw a\- n-em-°p-∂p.

{]tbm-P-\-]-c-amb A≤ym-]-\-Øn\v A≤ym-]-Isc im‡o-I-cn-°p-∂p.

\ymb-hmZw

]T-\m-\p-`-h-Øns‚ \ne-hm-c-hpw, hym]vXnbpw h¿≤n-∏n-°p-∂-Xn-\mWv F√m

A≤y-b\ ]cn-{i-a-ß-fp-sSbpw D]-⁄m-\w. Cu t_m[\ ImgvN-∏m-Sn¬ A≤ym-]-I-cpw,

32

A≤ym-]-\hpw ]T-\-{]-{In-b-bpsS \n¿Δm-l-I-cm-Wv. t_m[-\-{]-{In-b-bn¬

Bi-b-]-c-ambn IrXyX hcp-Øm≥ k÷-cm-bn-´p≈ A≤ym-]-I¿ hyXyÿ

kμ¿ -ß-fn¬ hyXyÿ A≤ym-]-\-Øn-eqsS G‰hpw e-{]-Zhpw A\p-tbm-Py-hp-amb

coXn-I-fpw, X{¥-ßfpw sNøp-hm≥ D]-tbm-Kn-°m\pw sXc-s™-Sp-°p-Ibpw Cu tImgvkv

{i≤n-°p-∂p. CXv Ip´n -I-fpsS ]ptcm-KXn hyXyÿ kml-N-cy -ß-fn¬

hne-bn-cp-Øm\pw A≤ym-]\ ]T-\-{]-{In-b-bn¬ DNn-X-amb am‰w hcp-Øm\pw

km[n-°p-∂p. t_m[-\-im-kv{X-]-T\w A≤ym-]-Isc kvIqƒhnj-b-߃ Iq´n-I-fpsS

{]tXyI kμ¿ -Øn-epw, ]T-\-{]-{In-bbpw a\- n-em-°m≥ klm-bn-°p-∂p.

{]tXyI e£y-߃

Ip´n-bpsS {]Ir-Xhpw kvIqfn¬/¢mkvdqw kml-N-cy-Øn¬ GXp-h-gn-bn-eqsSbmWv

Ip´n ]Tn-°p-∂-sX∂pw a\- n-em-°m≥ A≤ym-]-Isc klm-bn-°p-∂p.

A≤ym-]-I-cpsS tijn {]Xn-^-en -∏n -°p-∂-Xn\pw bp‡n-k-l-am-bpw,

bp‡n-k-l-amb [mcWIƒ D≠m-°p∂ t_m[-\-imkv{X A`ym-khpw

]T-\-{]-{In-b-bpsS hnIm-k-Øn\v.

DNn-X-amb coXn-Ifpw, X{¥-ßfpw

sXc-s™-Sp-°m-\pw, ka-\z-bn-∏n-°p-∂-Xn-\pw, D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂-Xn-\pw, A≤ym-]-

Isc im‡o-I-cn-°p-∂p.

A≤ym-]-Isc ]T-\-Øns‚ aqey-\n¿W-W-b-Øn\v hyXy-kvX-co-Xn-I-fnepw ¢mkvdq

]T\w ^e-{]-Z-ambn ]ptcm-K-an-°m\pw {]m]vX-cm-°p-∂p.

¢mkvdq-an-\v AI-Øpw, ]pd-Øp-ap≈ ]T-\-{]-{Inb ]cn-t]m-jn-∏n-°m≥ km[y-

amb ICT bpsS hyXyÿ D]-I-c-W-ß-fpw, kmt¶-Xn-I-hn-Zybpw A[ym-]nI ]cn-

N-b-s∏-Sp-∂p.

33

tªm°v 1 : ]T\ A≤ym-]-\-{]-{In-b-Iƒ

bqWn‰v 1 : {]mY-anI hnZym-e-b-Øn¬

]T\ A≤ym-]\ ]{XnI

]T\w, Bi-b-hpw, ]{In-b-bpw, ]T\w A¿∞-ap-≠m-°¬, ]T-\sØ kzm[o-\n-

°p∂ LS-I-߃ ˛ ]cn-]-Iy-\w, {]tNm-Z-\w, kμ¿`w/Np‰p-]m-Sv.

Fßs\ Ip´n ]Tn°pw ˛ A\p-`-h-Øn-eq-sS, ]s¶-Sp-°¬/sNø¬,

\nco-£-Ww, A\p-I-c-Ww, {ia-]-cm-P-bw, Dƒ°mgvN/{]Xn-^-e-\w,

A\p- -h-ß-fpsS \n¿Ωm-W-Øn-eq-sS-bp≈ ]T\w A.S.

A≤ym-]\w ]c-º-cm-KX [mc-W, A≤ym-]\w kuI-cy-߃ /]T-\-Øns‚

ssIIm-cyw.

bqWn‰v 2 : ]T\ A≤ym-]\ kao-]-\-߃

]c-º-cm-KX A≤ym-]nI-tI-{μo-Ir-Xhpw hnj-b-tI-{μo-Ir-X-hp-amb

kao-]-\w. kz`m-h-k-hn-ti-j߃, {]tbm-P-\-߃, t]mcm-bva-Iƒ

a¬k-cm-[n-jvTnX kao-]\w, kz`m-h-k-hn-ti-j-X-Iƒ, D]-tbm-Kw,

t]mcm-bva-Iƒ

\n¿Ωm-Wm-flI kao-]\w : Premises of Radical kmaq-ly-⁄m\

\n¿Ωn-Xn-hm-Zw, kz`m-h-k-hn-ti-j-X-Iƒ, {]m[m-\yhpw t]mcm-bva-I-fpw.

inip-tI-{μo-IrX kao-]\w : kz`m-h-k-hn-ivj-X-Iƒ, {]tbm-P-\-ßfpw

t]mcm-bva-I-fpw.

bqWn‰v 3 : ]T\ A≤ym-]-\-co-Xn-Iƒ

A≤ym-]\ ]T-\-^-e-{]-Z-amb coXn-I-fpsS kz`m-h-k-hn-ti-j-X-Iƒ

ta¬t°mbva \¿t±-i-co-Xn-Iƒ : {]`m-jWw ˛ {]Z¿i-\-co-Xn-Iƒ, N¿®

FØn-t®-c¬, ]Tn-Xmhv kulr-Z-co-Xn-Iƒ, lyqdn-Ãn°v Is≠-ج,

Kth-jWw

IqSp-X¬ kmμ¿`nI coXn-Iƒ ˛ Ifn-co-Xn-Iƒ, {]iv\-]-cn-l-cWw

kl-I-c-Wm-Sn-ÿm-\-Øn-ep-≈-Xp-amb ]T\w

\n¿ΩmW A[ym-]\ {]{In-b-bn¬ tbmPn-®p≈ coXn-I-fpsS D]-tbmKw

bqWn‰v 4 : ]Tn-Xmhpw ]T\ tI{μo-IrX kao-]-\-ßfpw coXn-Ifpw

]Tn-Xmhv tI{μo-Ir-Xhpw ]T\˛tI-{μo-Ir-X-hp-amb kao-]-\-ß-fpsS

Bi-b-hpw, kz`m-h-k-hn-ti-j-X-Ifpw DZm-l-c-W-k-ln-Xw.

34

A≤ym]I tI{μo-Ir-X-hpw, ]Tn-Xmhv tI{μo-Ir-Xw. ]T-\-˛-tI-{μo-IrX

kao]\-ß-fn-eqsS Xmc-Xayw

]Tn-Xmhv F∂ \ne-bn¬ {]h¿Ø-\m-[n-jvTnX kao-]-\-hpw, ]T-\-ku-lm¿Z

kao-]-\hpw

{]h¿Ø-\hpw AXns‚ LS-I-ß-fpw.

{]h¿Ø-\m[n-jvTnX kao-]-\-ß-fpsS kz`m-h-k-hn-ti-j-X-Iƒ

Cu kao-]-\-Øn¬ D]-tbm-Kn-°p∂ coXn-Iƒ

A¿∞-h-Ø-hpw, ka-{K-hp-amb ]T-\-Øn\v D]-tbm-Kn-°p∂ hnhn[

{]h¿Ø-\-ß-fpsS tbmPn∏v (]mTy- ]m-tTy-X-c)

a‰p kao-]-\-ß-fpsS taep≈ t\ -߃.

Cu kao-]-\-ß-fp-ambn _‘-s∏´v ¢mkvdqw amt\-Pvsa‚n-ep≈ {]iv\-

߃.

tªm°v 2 : ]T\ ˛ A≤ym-]\ {]{In-b-bpsS amt\-Pvsa‚ v

bqWn‰v 5 : ¢mkvdqw {]{In-b-I-fpsS amt\-Pvsa‚ v

]T-\-km-l-N-cy-ß-fn¬ kwL-Øn-s‚bpw hy‡n-bp-sSbpw amt\-Pvsa‚ v

¢mkvdqw A≤ym -] -\ -Ønepw ]T -\ -Ønepw ka-b -Øn -s‚bpw,

ÿe--Øn-s‚bpw amt\-Pvsa‚ v

¢mkvdq-anse {]h¿Ø-\m-[n-jvTnX coXn-I-fpsS Ccn-∏nS G¿∏m-Sp-Iƒ

¢mkvdq-anse {]tNm-Z-\hpw A®-S-°-]-c-hpamb amt\-Pvsa‚ v

bqWn‰v 6 : A≤ym-]\ ]T\ kma-{Kn-Iƒ

TLM s‚ hn`m-K-߃

Nne-hn-√m-ØXpw Nnehv Ipd-™-Xp-amb kmμ¿`nI TLM

TLM tiJ-cn-°m-\pw, kw -cn-°m-\p-ap≈ Ip´n-I-fpsS ]¶m-fn-Øhpw CXns‚

]T-\-Øn-ep≈ t\ -hpw.

sSIvÃv _p°v TLM t]mse ]T-\-Øn-\p th≠n sSIvÃv-_p-°p-I-fpsS icn-

bmb D]-tbm-Kw.

sSIvÃv _p°n-t\-°mƒ D]-cn-bm-bn- p≈ ]T\w: kv°qƒ ]T\ kμ¿ -

Øn¬ a‰p ]T\ t{kmX- p-I-fpsS At\z-j-Ww.

35

bqWn‰v 7 : _lp{Ia _lp-Xe kml-N-cy-ß-fpsS \n¿Δ-lWw

hyXyÿ _lp{Ia kml-N-cy-ßfpw Hmtcm kml-N-cy-ß-fn-ep-ap≈ ]T\

\n¿Δ-l-W-Øns‚ {]iv\-߃

_lp{Ia kml-N-cy-ß-fn¬ ÿe-]-cw- ]mTy-]-≤Xn \n¿Δ-lWw.

_lp-Xe ¢mkv : Bi-bhpw {]iv\-ß-fpw.

_lpXe sshhn-[y-ß-fmb ¢mkvdqw ]T-\-Øn-\p≈ kuI-cy-߃

¢mkvdq-anse a‰v Xc-Øn-ep≈ sshhn-[y-ßfpw (enwKw, h¿Kw, CSWN,

kmwkvIm-cn-Iw, ]Tn-Xmhns‚ `mjm-]-c-amb kz`m-h-e-hn-ti-j-X-Iƒ)

^e-{]-Z-amb ]T-\-Øn\v Ah-bpsS \n¿Δ-l-Ww.

bqWn‰v 8 : ]T-\-{]-h¿Ø-\-Øn-\p≈ Bkq-{XWw

]mtTy ]mtTy-X-c {]h¿Ø-\-Øn-\m-bp≈ hm¿jnI ]≤Xn (kv°qƒ

samØ-am-bpw, Hmtcm ¢mkn-\pw)

A≤ym-b-Øns‚ hm¿jnI ]≤Xn Xøm-dm-°¬ (¢m-kns‚ ASn-ÿm\w

hnj-bm-Sn-ÿm\w As√-¶n¬ {][m\ a’-c-Øns‚ ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬)

Bh-iyhpw, Imcy-{I-ahpw

Hmtcm D≈-S° bqWn-‰n-t‚bpw sek¨πm≥

A≤ymb Ipdn∏v/Ubdn Bh-iyhpw \nen¿Øm≥ {]{In-b-bpw.

tªm°v 3 : ¢mkv dqw ]T-\-Øn¬ D¬ -hn-®n- p≈ {]iv\-߃

bqWn‰v 9 : GIo-IrX ]T\ ˛ A≤ym-]\ {]{Inb

GIo-IrXw F∂ Bi-bw, {]mY-anI hnZym- ymk \ne-hm-c-Øn¬ CXns‚

Bh-iy-I-X-bpw, {]m[m-\yhpw

Xchpw, GIo-Ir-X-{]-{In-bbpw

GIo-IrX ]T\ A\p-`-h-ß-fpsS Bkq-{X-W-hpw, kwLm-S-\hpw

GIo-IrX sSIvÃv kma-{Kn-Iƒ (G-Io-IrX sSIvk‰v

bqWn‰v 10:]T\ {]{In-b-I-fp-sS-bpw, hkvXp-°-fp-sSbpw kμ¿`w hy‡-am°p∂p

A¿∞-h-Ømb ]T-\-Øn¬ ]Tn-Xmhv ]cn-Nbw, Xt±i {]tXyI kμ¿`w

hnZym- ym-k-Øn\p apºp≈ Ime-L- -Øn¬ A≤ym]\ ]T\ {]{In-b-bn¬

\mS≥ hkvXp-°-fpsS D]-tbmKw

¢mkvdq-an¬ ]T\ {]h¿Ø\w Xøm-dm-°p-tºmƒ D]-tbm-Kn-°p∂

kmaq-lnI ˛ kmwkv°m-cnI LS-I-߃

36

tKm{X-h¿§-°m-cmb Ip´n-I-fpsS {]mY-anI hnZym-`ymkv Ah-cpsS

kmaq-lnI ˛ kmwk-°m-cnI kμ¿ -hpw, hkvXp-°fpw D]-tbm-Kn-®vsIm-≠v.

bqWn‰v 11 : bqWn‰v 11 ]T-\-Øn¬ ICT

ICT bpsS D]-I-c-W-߃, lm¿Uvshbdpw (hy-Xyÿ {ih-W, Zriy,

{ih-W- -Zriy D]-I-c-W-߃ tkm^v‰vshbdpw (C‚¿s\-‰v, sh_v ssk‰v,

kmaq-lnI s\‰vh¿°v XpS-ßn-bh) ¢mkvdqw ]T-\-Øn\v Ah-bpsS D]-tbmKw

¢mkv dqw hn\n-a-b-Øn\v ICT GIo-Ir-X-Øns‚ Bkq-{XWw

bqWn‰v 12 : Iºyq- ¿ klm-b-I-amb ]T\w

Iºyq-´¿, CXns‚ {][m\ LS-I-߃, Iºyq-´¿ D]-tbm-K-Øn-\p≈

ASn-ÿm\ hnhcw

]T-\ -Øn -\p≈ LS-I-`m -K -ß-fmbn Iºyq -´¿ D]-tbm -Kn -°p∂p

]mTy-]-≤-Xn-bpsS D≈-S°w Iºyq- -dn-eqsS tkm^v‰vshb¿ ]m-t°-Pmbn

D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂p, hnhn[ Xc-Øn-ep≈ ]mt°-Pp-I-fpsS Adnhv.

]T-\-t{km-X- mbn Iºyq-´¿ D]-tbm-Kn -°p∂p (D-≈-S° Adnhv

sa®-s∏-Sp-Øm≥ C‚¿s\‰v sh_vssk-‰v, Adnhv ]¶v sh°m-\pw,

CS-]-g-Im\pw kmaoly s\‰vh¿°v)

km[y-amb tkm^v‰vshb-dn-eqsS kzbw \n¿Æ-b-hpw, ]Tn-Xm-hns‚ t\´w

\n¿Æ-b-hpw.

tªm°v 4 : ]T\ aqey-\n¿Æ-b-hpw, hne-bn-cp-Øepw

bqWn‰v 13 : aqey-\n¿Æ-b-Øns‚ ASnÿm\w

]Tn-Xm-hns‚ aqey-\n¿Wb ]ptcm-KXn : Bi-bw, Af-°¬, aqey-\n¿Æ-bw

XpS-ßn-b-h-bn¬ \n∂p≈ hyXymkw

{]Xo-£nX ]T\ ^e-ßfpw, ¢mkvdqw hn\n -ab {]{In -b-I-fpw,

t^m¿ta-‰nhv ˛ ktΩ-‰ohv aqey-\n¿Æ-bhpw _‘-s∏- n-cn-°p-∂p.

\nc-¥-chpw [mc-Wm-i-‡n-bp-≈-Xmb aqey-\n¿Æbw (CCE) Bi-bw,

{]-{In-bbpw Bh-iyhpw

^e-{]-Z-amb CCE D]-tbm-K-Øn\v th≠n-bp≈ ]cn-amW kw_-‘-am-bXpw

KpWm-fl-I-hp-amb Um‰-bpsS D]-tbm-Kw.

bqWn‰v 14 : aqey-\n¿Æ-b-Øn-\p≈ D]-I-c-W-ßfpw X{¥-ßfpw

]T-\-Øns‚ aqey-\n¿W-bw, ]T\w aqey-\n¿W-bw, ]T-\-Øn-\m-bp-ff \ne-bn¬,

Bi-bhpw {]m[m-\yhpw kz`m-h-k-hn-ti-j-X-Iƒ D]-tbmKw F∂ \ne-bn¬

ka-bw, X{¥-߃

37

bqWn‰v 15: ]T-\-]p-tcm-K-Xn-bv°mbn aqey-\n¿Æ-b-Øns‚ ew D]-tbm-Kn-°¬

\n¿Ωm-W-sØbpw \S-Øn-∏n-s\bpw klm-bn-°p-∂p.

Xmsg sImSp-Øn-cn-°p∂ D]-I-c-W-ß-fpsS kmt¶-Xn-I-fp-sSbpw ASn-ÿm-\w,

td‰nwMv kvsIbn¬, sN°ven-Ãv, tNmZym-h-en, \nco-£-Ww, A`n-ap-Jw,

t]m¿ vt^mfntbm

hnhn-[-X-c-Ø-ep≈ tim[I C\-Øns‚ \n¿Ωm-W-sØ-°n-dn-®p≈ Adnhv

(h-kvXp-\n-jvSm-[n-Xw) : hym]n-®p-In-S-°p∂ {]Xn-I-cWw (K-Zyw),

\nb-{¥n-X-amb {]Xn-I-c-Ww, hkvXp-\n-jvT, Xpd∂p ˛ ASRv tim[I

C\-hpw, Ah-bpsS {]-tbm-P-\-hpw.

bqWn‰v 16 : ]T-\hpw aqey-\n¿Æ-bhpw

aqey-\n¿Æ-b-Øns‚ ^ew tcJ-s∏-Sp-Ø-epw, dnt∏m¿´v sNøepw

Ip´n-I-fp-am-bn, c£-I¿Øm-°-fp-am-bpw, A≤ym]I-cp-am-bpw, a‰p

]¥-b-a-≤y-ÿ≥ {]tXyI Dt±-i-tØmSv IqSn-bXv ^ew ]¶n-SpI

aqey-\n¿Æ-b-Øns‚ ^e-ambn i‡nbpw t]mcm-bva-I-fp-ap≈ `mKßfpw,

]T-\-\n-e-hm-c-hpw, KpWhpw sa®-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xn-\mbn cq]o-I-cn®

XpS¿®-bm-bp≈ ]≤-Xn-Ifpw Xncn-®-dn-bp-∂p.

tImgvkv 4 : 507 kap-Zm-bhpw {]mY-an-I-hn-Zym- ym-khpw tImgvkv ]≤Xn

RTE ho£-W-Øn¬ kv°qfns‚ samØ-Øn-ep≈ hnIm-ksØ a\- n-em-°¬

A≤ym-]-I-cp-am-bpw, c£n-Xm-°-fp-am-bpw, kap-Zm-b-hp-ambpw _‘w

hnI-kn-∏n-°¬

hnZym- ymk]c-amb am‰w A≤ym]I-cn¬ D≠m-°p-I.

t\XrXz KpWm-fl-I-amb ss\]p-Wn -Iƒ A≤ym-]-I¿°n-S -bn¬

hnI-kn-∏n-°¬.

\ymb-hm-Zhpw e£y-ßfpw

C¥y-bnse {]mY-anI hnZym-`ym-k-Øn¬ hnZym-`ym-k-sØbpw kaq-l-sØbpw

]c-kv]cw _‘n∏n°m≥ Cu tImgvkv A≤ym-]-I¿°v klm-b-I-am-Ipw. hnZym-eb

]ptcm-K-Xn-bn¬ A≤ym-]-Icpw kap-Zm-bhpw XΩn-ep≈ _‘w ]cn-N-b-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p.

kap-Zm-b-Øns‚ Bhiyw am\n®v {]mY-anI hnZym- ym-k-Øns‚ KpWw sa®-s∏-Sp-Øm≥

kv°qfn --s‚bpw kaq-l-Øns‚ CS-bn -ep≈ ]¶m-fnØw Cu ]cn -]mSn

{]Z¿in-∏n-°p-∂p. F√m IpSn-Iƒ°pw FØn-t®-cm≥ ]‰p∂ ÿe-Øm-bn-cn-°Ww

hnZym-ebw sa®-amb ]T\ t\´ß-fn-te°v Nen-°m-\pw, \ne-\n¿Øm-\pw, t]cv

tN¿°m\pw kap-Zm-b-Øn-t\m-Spw, Ip´n-I-tfmSpw Bi-b-hn-\n-abw \S-Øm≥ Cu N¿®

A[ym-]-Isc im‡o-I-cn-°p-∂p.

38

t_m[\ Dt±-iy-߃

hnZym-eb hnI-k-\-Øn¬ kap-Zm-b-Øns‚ ]¶v a\- n-em-°m≥

hnZym-eb {]h¿Ø-\sØ \√ hgn-bn-eqsS kap-Zm-b-hp-ambn Bi-b-]-c-ambn

_‘n-∏n-°m≥ hnZym-eb ]ptcm-KXn F∂v kμ¿ -Øn¬ a‰p dntkmgvkv

hy‡n-bpsS kzm[o\w a\- n-em-°m-\pw.

hnZym-eb kuI-cy-߃ hne-bn-cp-Øm\pw hnZym-eb ]ptcm-KXn F∂

kμ¿ -Øn¬ a‰p dntkmgvkv hy‡n-bpsS kzm[o\w a\- n-em-°m\pw

kap-Zmb t{kmX- p-Iƒ Bcm-bm\pw hnZym-ebw ]cn-ÿn-Xn-bn¬

Ah D]-tbm-Kn-°m\pw

hnZym-ebw kap-Zmb kl-Po-hn -X-Øns‚ \n¿Δ-l-W-{]-{In -bsb

A`n-\-μn-°p-∂p.

tªm°v 1 : kaq-lw, kap-Zm-b-hpw, hnZym-e-bhpw

bqWn‰v 1 : kaq-lhpw hnZym- ym-khpw

kaq-lhpw kmaqly _‘-ßfpw C¥y-bn¬ kaq-l-Øn-s\-°p-dn-®p≈ BapJw

bqWn‰v 2: kap-Zm-bhpw hnZym-e-bhpw.

kap-Zm-bsØ a\- n-em-°m≥ (k-aq-l-hpw, kap-Zm-bhpw {]mY-anI hnZym- ymkw

kmap-Zm-bnI kμ¿`-Øn\v kap-Zm-bhpw hnZym-ebw A¥¿ap-J-hpw, hnZym-ebw

kap-Zmbw t]mse, `mjm-hn-I-k-\-Øns‚ kzm[o-\w, kmwkvIm-cn-I-hn-Im-kw,

Pohn-X-coXn (D¬k-h-߃ Dƒs∏-sS) hnhn[ PohnX ss\]p-Wn-I-fpsS hnIm-kw.

bqWn‰v 3: hnZym-eb hnZym- ym-k-Øn¬ kap-Zm-b-Øns‚ kw`m-h-\.

c£-I¿Øm-°-fpsS ]¶v, kap-Zm-b-Øns‚ ka-{K-amb coXn (ip-]m¿i, kap-Zmbw

Hcp t{kmXkv kvIqfn-\v, kap-Zm-b-Øn¬ ]T\ kma-{Kn-I-fpsS hnIm-kw)

A\p- -h-ßfpw Kth-jW ]T-\-ß-fpw.

bqWn‰v: 4: SSA, RTE F∂n-h-bpsS Iogn¬ IΩyq-Wn‰n ]¶m-fn-Ø-Øn-\p≈ hIp-∏p-Iƒ

\bw G¿∏mSv, ]n Sn F bpsS ]¶v/AΩ ˛ A≤ym-]I Atkm-kn-tb-j≥, kvIqƒ

amt\-Pvsa‚ v IΩn-‰n, kzbw klm-b-K-Ww, ]©m-bØn cmPns‚ {][m\e£y-ßfpw

C C ÿm]\w F∂ \ne-bn¬ AXns‚ ]¶pw, C C bpw kap-Zm-b-hp-am-bp≈

]¶m-fn-Øw, A\p- -h-ßfpw Kth-jW ]T-\-ß-fpw.

39

tªm°v 2 ˛ kvIqƒ k{º-Zmbw

bqWn‰v 5: Ip´n-bpsS A¿l-X-Ifpw kvIqƒ G¿∏m-Sp-Ifpw hnZym-`ymkw

Ah-Imi A[n-jvTnX kao-]\w (a-\p-jym-h-Imiw kvIqƒ, Ip n F∂o kμ¿ -Øn¬):

hnZym- ymk Ah-Imiw a\p-jym-h-Imiw F∂ \ne-bn¬; ka-{K-amb kvIqfns‚

{][m-\-L-SIw; kuP-\y-hpw, \n¿_-‘-Xn-X-hp-amb hnZym-`ymk BIvSv 2009

(A¿∞-hpw, {]Ir-X-hpw): hnZym-e-b-Øn¬ Ip´n-bpsS kao-]\w (XS- -c-ln-X-amb

hnZym- ymk temIØv Ip´n-bpsS A\p- hw (Ip´n-bpsS ASn-ÿm\ kulm¿±-]-c-amb

hml-\-߃ CSm-\p≈ kuIcyw h≠n-Iƒ, ssk°n-ƒ. . . .), ¢mkvdqanse Ip´n-bpsS

A\p- hw (ÿ-ew, Ccn-∏nS kwhn-[m-\w, {]Im-iw, hmXm-b-\w, Cd-bw), kvIqfn¬

Ip´n -bpsS kpc£ (Xo, sh≈w, Im‰v, a‰v ASn -b-¥nc B]-XvI-c -amb

kml-N-cy-߃), ^e-{]-Z-amb ]T-\-Øn-\p≈ kuI-cy-߃ (t_m-[\ imkv{X

D]-tbm-K-Øn\v AIØpw ]pd-Øp-ap≈ ÿew, D®-`-£-W-Øn-\p≈ G¿∏m-Sv,

IpSn-sh≈ kuI-cyhpw Hmtcm Ip´n°pw I°qkv kwhn-[m\w (B-h-iy-Øn-\p≈

kpc£nXamb IpSn-sh-≈hpw s]mXp-ip-Nn-Xz-\n-e-hm-cw),

ImbnI Ifn-°p≈ G¿∏m-Sv, ]qt¥m´ kwhn-[m-\w, inip kulm¿± t_m[\

{]{Inb A\p-Iq-en-°m-\p≈ A\p`hthZy ]T-\w, ]cy-th-£-Ww, Kth-j-Ww,

I≠p-]n-Sp-Øw....({]m-Y-anI hnZym-`ym-k-Ønse t_m[\ {]{In-b-bpsS _‘w

tImgvkv 3 tªm°v 1)

`mKw 6: A≤ym-]-I\pw hnZym-e-bhpw

kvIqƒ kμ¿ -Øn¬ A[ym-]-I¿ : kvIqƒ kwhn-[m\w AXns‚ ]ptcm-K-Xn-bv°mbn

Fkv Fkv F CS-s]-S¬, DtZym-K-kw-_-‘-ambn A≤ym-]-I-cpsS ]ptcm-KXn (kvIqƒ

Np‰p-]m-Sn¬ DtZym-K-kw-_-‘-amb ]ptcm-K-Xn-bv°mb ]≤-Xn. Fkv Fkv F bneqsS

kaq-l-]-¶m-fn-ØsØ Dƒs∏-Sp-Øn-s°m-≠v) A[ym-]I t\XrXzw

bqWn‰v 7: A≤ym-]I t\XrXzw

t\Xr-Xz-sa∂ Bibw hnhn[ Xc-Øn-ep≈ t\XrXzw (P-\m-[n-]-Xy, tkz®m-[n-]-Xy)

t\Xm-°fpw, Xnc-kv°¿Øm-°-fpw. t\XrXz ss\]p-Wn-Iƒ; A[ym-]I {]mK-¤yw,

Adnhv, {]I-S-\-hpw, hnZym- ym-k-am-‰-Øn-\m-bp≈ {]Xn-_-‘-X-bpw, hnizm-k-ap-≠m-°p∂

kw`m-j-W-߃; Dd® Xocp-am-\hpw {]iv\-]-cn-lm-chpw.

40

bqWn‰v 8: hnZym- ymk GP≥kn-I-fp-am-bn- p≈ _‘w

hnZym- ymk t_mUn-I-fpsS ]¶v : Fkv Fkv F LS\ (Un B¿ kn, _n B¿kn,

kn B¿ kn) ]cn-io-e-\hpw ]mTy-]-≤Xn (km¿Δ-{XnI {]mY-anI hnZym- ymk anj≥,

Fkv kn C B¿ Sn, Un sF C Sn) {]mY-anI kvIqƒXe-Øn¬ ]ptcm-KXn

L´-Øn\v C—m-[o-\-amb GP≥kn-I-fpsS klmbw; GP≥kn hnZym-`ymkw

F∂ Bi-bw, hnhn[ Xc-Øn-ep≈ GP≥kn-I-fpsS hnZym- ym-kw, tI{μ Kh¨sa‚ v

˛ kwÿm\ Kh¨sa‚ v XpS-ßnbhbp-am-bp≈ hnhn[ hnZym- ymk GP≥kn-I-fpsS

_‘w, apXn¿∂ A[ym-]-I-cpsS ]¶pw, A[ym-]-Icpw kaq-l-hpw.

tªm°v 3 ; kvIqƒ IΩn-‰n-bpsS DS-s]-S¬

bqWn‰v 9: kmaq-Zm-bnI kzcp-°q- ¬.

kvIqƒ hnZym-`ym-k-Øn\v kmaq-Zm-bnI kzcp-°q-´-ens‚ hgn-I-fpw, D]m-[n-Ifpw;

tI v-‰vUo-kv, ÿm]\-Øns‚ DNn-X-amb {]h¿Ø\w (_‘w kap-Zm-bnI

t{]mP-Iv‰ns‚ ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬, A[ym-]I t\Xr-Xzw, kmap-Zmbn kzcp-Iq- ¬)

bqW‰v 10: kvIqƒ amt\-Pvsa‚ v

kvIqƒ amt\-Pvsa‚ v A¿∞-hpw, {]Ir-Xhpw amt\-Pvsas‚ LS-I-ßfpw Ah-bpsS

\nb-a-ßfpw (B-kq-{X-aw, _P-‰v, kwLm-S-\w, \n¿t±-iw, \n-b-{¥-Ww, GtIm-]-\w,

Dd® Xocp-am-\w, hne-bn-cp-ج {]h¿Ø-\-ß-fpw, ]cn-]m-Sn-I-fpw), hnhn[

amt\-Pvsa‚ v: ]¶m-fn-Ø-hpw, A√m-ØXpw ]¶m-fn-Ø- amt\-Pvsa‚ v; {]{In-b.

bqWn‰v 11: kvIqfn-sebpw kap-Zm-b-Øn-sebpw dntkmgvkv amt\-Pvsas‚ v

hnhn[ dntkm-gvkp-Iƒ: am\-hn-I, hkvXp-°ƒ hcp-am-\-Øn-s‚, a‰p GP≥knIƒ,

Xt±-i-ÿm-]-\-߃, kaq-l-Øn¬ \n∂p≈ kw`m-h-\-Iƒ, hkvXp-Zm-\w, ]co£,

^okv IqSm-sX.

`mKw 12 : kvIqƒ kap-Zmb ]¶m-fn-Ø-Øn-s‚ amt\-Pvsas‚ kao-]-\w.

amt\-Pvsa‚ v kao-]-\-߃ A¿∞w, {]Ir-Xw, hym]vXn, hnhn[ Xc-Øne

kao-]-\w, am\h i‡n.

41

tªm°v 2 : Btcm-Kyhpw Imbn-I-hp-amb hnZym- ymkw

bqWn‰v 6 : Btcm-Ky-Øns‚ A¿∞hpw {]m[m-\yhpw

(i) BtcmKyw F∂ Bibw : imco-cnI Btcm-Kyw, am\-kn-I, Btcm-Kyw,

sshIm-cnI BtcmKyw kmaq-lnI Btcm-Kyw, Bflob BtcmKyw

(ii) hy‡n-bp-tSbpw IpSpw-_-Øn-t‚bpw kaq-l-Øn-t‚bpw BtcmKyw

(iii) BtcmKyhpw hnZym-`ym-khpw XΩn-ep≈ _‘w : hnZym-`ym-k-Øns‚

ap∂-dn-hmWv BtcmKyw; hnZym- ym-k-Øns‚ Hcp e£y-amWv BtcmKyw.

bqWn‰v 7 : kvIqƒ BtcmKy hnZym- ymk ]cn-]mSnbpsS {][m\ hi-߃

(i) BtcmKy-I-c-amb hnZym-eb ]cn-kcw : ip≤-amb IpSn-h≈ hnX-c-Ww,

ip≤-amb ipNn-ap-dn-Iƒ, kpc-£n-X-amb `£-Ww, ssII-gp-Im-\p≈

kuI-cy-߃, Agp-°p-Nm¬, ]pd-¥-≈p-∂-hsb \o°w sNø¬, shfn-®w,

P\me, kpJ-{]-Zamb Ccn-∏nS kuI-cyw, KpW-I-chpw t{]m’m-l-

P-\-I-hp-amb sshIm-cnI kmaq-lnI Np‰p-]m-Sp-Iƒ.

(ii) Btcm-Ky-\n¿t±-i-ß-ƒ : `£-Ww, k¥p-en -X-amb `£-W-{I-aw,

kmw{I-anI tcmK-߃, imco-cn-I ˛ Btcm-Ky-io-e-߃

bqWn‰v 8 : Ahiy BtcmKy tkh-\-߃

(i) kvIqƒ Btcm-Ky-tk-h-\-߃ : A\p-tbm-Py-amb ]T-\-Øn\v hnZym¿∞n-Isf

Xøm-dm-°m-\p≈ BtcmKy tkh\ßfpsS hyh-ÿ, Btcm-Ky-I-c-amb

PohnXw \√ ]ucXzw

(ii) kvIqfnepw ho´n-ep-ap≈ Btcm-Ky-{]-iv\-߃s°-Xn-sc-bp≈ kwc-£Ww

(iii) ASn-b-¥cL -ß-fnepw A]-I-S-ß-fnepw {]Y-a-ip-{iqj \¬I¬

bqWn‰v 9 : ImbnI hnZym- ym-k-Øns‚ A¿∞hpw Bi-bhpw

(i) ImbnI hnZym- ym-k-Øns‚ A¿∞hpw {]m[m-\yhpw

(ii) ImbnI hnZym-`ymkw ˛ e£y-ßfpw Dt±-iy-ßfpw hy‡n-Xz-Øns‚

kwtbm-PnX hnI-k\ k¶¬]\w : Poh-im-kv{X-]-chpw _u≤n-Ihpw

sshIm-cn-Ihpw kmaq-lyhpw Bfl-hn-izm-k-hp-amb hi-߃.

(iii) F√m-h¿°p-ap≈ ImbnI hnZym- ymk ]cn-]mSn :

Intramurals and Extra Wallpaper, Mass Fitness Programme

42

bqWn‰v 10 : ImbnI hnZym- ym-k- ]cn-]m-Sn-bpsS Bkq-{X-Whpw kwLm-S-\hpw

(i) ImbnI hnZym- ym-k-Ønse ]mTm-kq-{X-W-Øns‚ XXz-߃

(ii) A≤ym-]-\-Øn-s‚bpw ]T-\-Øn-s‚bpw coXn-Iƒ : {]I-S-\-coXn; ]q¿Æ- -`m-Kn-I- -]q¿Æ coXn, Iam≥Uv ]oXn, and¿ coXn

(iii) am v ^n‰v\ v ]cn-]m-Sn-Iƒ kwL-Sn-∏n-°pI : Akw-ªn, am¿®v ]mÃvv,ImenkvsX-\n-Ivkv, ImbnI a’-c-߃

(iv) {]mY-anI Xe-Øn¬ Btcm-Kyhpw Imbn-I-hp-amb hnZym- ymkw ˛ A≤ym-]-Is‚ ]¶v ˛ (s^kn-en-t‰-‰¿ F∂ \ne-bn¬), Iu¨kn-e¿ F∂ \ne-bn¬, hnZ-Kv≤-cmb hnZym¿∞n-Isf Xncn-®-dn-bp-∂-Xn\pw ]cn-l-cn-°m-hp∂t]mcm-bva-Iƒ Xncp-Øp-∂-Xn-\p-ap≈ \S-]-Sn-Iƒ kzoI-cn-°p-I.

bqWn‰v 11 : Ifn-Iƒ, Imbn-Iw, tbmK

(i) Ifn-Iƒ, ImbnIm-Sn-ÿm\ \nb-a-\-߃, ASn-ÿm\ ss\]p-Wn-Iƒ, Ifn-°-f-߃ AS-bmfs∏Sp-ج

(ii) \mS≥I-fn-Iƒ, sNdnb sKbn-ap-Iƒ : C≥tUm¿ B≥Uv Hu´vtUm¿sKbnwkv

(iii) tbmK : 1- 14 hbkv {]mb-ap≈ Ip´n-Iƒ°v Ah-iyhpw {]m[m-\yhpw

(iv) tbmK t{]m{Kmw : hnZym¿∞n-I-fpsS BtcmKy Bh-iy-߃ \nd-th-‰p-∂-Xn\pw Ah-cpsS kºq¿Æ hnI-k-\-Øn\v t{]m’m-l\w \¬Ip-∂-Xn-\p≈ ASn-ÿ\ Bk\-ßfpw {]mWm-b-a-ßfpw

3. {]hr-Øn]T\w

tImgvkns‚ bp‡nbpw e£yhpw

ssIsØmgn¬ Dƒs∏-sS-bp≈ sXmgn-ep-Iƒ kvIqƒ hnZym- ym-k-Øns‚ Hcp Ahn-`m-Py-L-S-I-amWv F∂ {]m[m-\yw a\- n-em-°m≥ A[ym-]I ]cn-io-e-I¿°v Ah-kcw \¬Ip-∂p. {]mtZ-inI {]tXyI Bh-iy-߃ kwc-£n-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈ hnhn[{]mb-]-cn-[n-bn-ep≈ Ip´n-Iƒ°m-bp≈ DNn-X-amb {]h¿Ø-\w.

(ii) {]hr-Øn-]-T-\-sØ-°p-dn-®p≈ Zm¿i-\n-Ihpw kmaq-ln-Ihpw Ncn-{X-]-c-hp-amb ]cn-t{]£yw

(iii) {]hr-Øn-]-T\w : e£y-ßfpw Dt±-iy-ßfpw

(iv) {]hr-Øn-]-T\ tcJ-Iƒ

(v) {]hrØn ˛ t_m[\ am[yaw F∂ \ne-bn¬ {]hr-Øn-bpw- ]-T-\hpw

bqWn‰v 13 : {]hr-Øn-]-T\w ˛ \S-Øn∏v (Xn-b-dn)

(i) kv°qfp-I-fnse {]hr-Øn-]-T-\-Øns‚ Bkq-{X-Whpw kwLm-S-\hpw (k-a-bw, ÿew, hnZym¿∞n-Isf {Kq-∏m-°¬)

(ii) hyXykvX ¢mkp-I-fnse {]hr-Øn-]-T\ skj-\p-I-fpsS Bkq-{X-Ww.

(iv) hkvXp-°ƒ, D]-I-c-W-߃ F∂n-h-bpsS ]cn-]m-e-\hpw kw`-cn-°epw

43

(v) hnhn[ ]mTy-]-≤Xn taJ-e-I-fn¬ sXmgn-ens‚ kwtbm-P\w; {]hr-ØnbpwhnZym- ym-khpw kwtbm-Pn-∏n-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈ A[ym-]-\-]-T\ X{¥-߃

bqWn‰v 14 : {]hr-Øn-]-T-\-Ønse ss\]p-Wn-Ihn-I-k\w ({]m-tbm-Kn-Iw)

(i) Nph-sS-bp≈ {]h¿Ø-ß-fpsS ]´n-I-bn¬ \n∂v c≠v taJ-e-I-fn¬ss\]pWn hnI-k\w

ss\]pWn hnI-k-\-Øn\mbn {]mtbm-KnI {]h¿Ø-\-ß-fpsS kwLm-S-\-Øn-\p≈ \S-]-Sn-Iƒ

• \n¿±njvT {]tZ-i-Øns‚ ssk≤m-¥n-I-amb ]›m-Øew

• Bh-iy-amb kma-{Kn-Iƒ

• coXn-Iƒ / XpS¿®

• D]-tbmKw

• sNehv

(ii) {]h¿Ø-\-ß-fpsS Hcp {]mtbm -KnI ^b¬ Xøm-dm -t°-≠Xv\n¿_-‘-am-Wv.

{]mtbm-KnI {]h¿Ø-\-ß-fpsS \n¿t±-in-°-s∏´ ]´nI :

1. ]´w D≠m-°p-I, 2. Ifn-a-Æv, tIm´¨ apX-em-bh D]-tbm-Kn®v apØp-ame D≠m°p-I, 3. s\bvØv, hni-dn, Nhn- n-Iƒ, tai-hncn (C-e-Iƒ, ]gb hkv{Xw, ]\-tbm-e-Iƒ apX-em-bh {]mtZ-inI Akw-kvIrX hn -h-߃ D]-tbm-Kn-°-Ww), 4. sagp-Ip-Xncn \n¿Ωm-Ww, 5. tNm°v \n¿Ωm-Ww, 6. Nh‰p Ip´, s]≥ tlmƒU¿ F∂nh\n¿Ωn-°p-I. (]-gb Sn∂p-Iƒ, t_mIvkp-Iƒ apX-em-bh D]-tbm-Kn-®v) 7. t]∏¿]mh-Iƒ (^n¿In, ]d-°p∂ ]£n, ]Iepw cm{Xnbpw, ao≥, \rØw sNø¬ apX-em-b-h), 8. t]∏¿ ajn, 9. Nqc¬ Ip´, 10. Ih-dp-Iƒ D≠m°pI (]-{X-ßfpw {_u¨t]∏dpw D]-tbm-Kn-®v)

Ipdn∏v : ss\]pWnI hnI-k-\-Øn-\mbn {]mtbm-KnI {]h¿Ø-\-߃°v ˛ {]mtZ-inI/{]tZ-inI \n¿±njvStaJ-e-Isf sXc-s™-Sp-°p-∂-Xn\v ip]m¿i sNøp-∂p.

bqWn‰v 15 : kaq-lhpw {]hr-Øn-]-T-\hpw

(i) {]hr-Øn-]-T-\-Øn¬ kaq-l-Øns‚ ]¶v

(ii) {]hr-Øn-]-T\w \S-∏m-°p-∂-Xn-\mbn {]mtZ-inI hn -h-ß-fpsS Xncn-®-dn-bepw D]-tbm-Khpw

(iii) amXm-]n-Xm-°sf kaq-l-Ønse AwK-ß-sfbpw {]hrØn ]T-\-Øns‚{]m[m\yw a\- n-em-°n-°¬

bqWn‰v 16 : {]hr-Øn-]-T-\-Øns‚ hne-bn-cp-ج (Xn-b-dn, {]mtbm-Kn-Iw)

(i) sXmgn¬ hnZym- ym-k-Øn¬ aqey-\n¿Æ-b-Øns‚ {]m[m\yw

(ii) {]hr-Øn-]-T\ {]h¿Ø-\-߃ Fßs\ hne-bn-cpØmw

(iii) kqN-I-߃ ASn-ÿm-\-am-°n-bp≈ hne-bn-cp-ج

(iv) aqey\n¿Æ-b-Øn-\p≈ D]-I-c-W-ßfpw kmt¶-XnI hnZy-Ifpw

(v) kzbw-k-a-{]m-b-°m¿ So®¿, IΩyq-Wn‰n ASn-ÿm-\-am°nbp≈ hne-bn-cp-ج

44

em -Øns‚ hne

kaql Bhiyw

kmaq-ly \oXn.

kvIqƒ kap-Zmb ]¶m-fn-Ø-Ønse Hmtcm kao-]-\-Øn-s‚bpw {]k-‡n.

kvIqƒ kap-Zmb ]¶m-fn-ØØns‚ kwLm-S\hpw amt\-Pvsa‚pw XΩn-ep≈

hyXym-khpw c≠p GP≥kn-IfpsSbpw _‘w i‡n-s∏-Sp-Øp∂ {]{In-b-I-fpw.

A\p-_‘ hkvXp-°ƒ. kmap-Zm-bnI Hcp-an®vIqS-ens‚ hoUntbm

KWw 2: {]mY-anI Xe-Øn¬ A[ym-]\ ]T\ kvIqƒ hnj-b-߃.

hnhn[ hnj-b-ß-fn¬ ]cn-io-e\ kwhn-[m-\-Øn-\p≈ F√m ]≤-Xn-Iƒ°p-am-bn-

bp≈ hgn-Im´n F≥.-kn.-F- v. 2005 \¬Ip-∂p. CXv 5 {][m\ XXz-ß-fmWv apt∂m v

sIm≠p-h-cp-∂-Xv.

1. kvIqfn\v ]pdØv PohnX Adn-hp-Isf _‘-s∏-SpØp∂p.

2. ImWm-∏mTw coXn-bn¬ \n∂v ]T-\sØ am‰p∂ coXn Dd-∏m-°p-∂p.

3. sSIvÃv _p°ns‚ A∏p-d-Ømbn ]mTy-]-≤Xn Xøm-dm-°p-∂p.

4. ¢mkvdpw Pohn-X-hp-ambn _‘n-∏n®v ]co£m k{º-Zm-bsØ IqSp-X¬

Ab-™Xpw kwtbm-Pn-∏n-°p∂Xpam°p-∂p.

5. cmPy-Øns‚ P\m-[n]Xy B[n-]-Xy-Øns‚ CS-bn¬ ASn-®-a¿Ø-s∏´ GIX

]cn-t]m-jn-∏n-°m-\p≈ {i≤.

tImgvkv 5 : 503 ˛ {]mY-anI Xe-Øn¬

`mj-I-fpsS ]T\w

tImgvkv ]≤Xn

`mjm A≤ym-]-\-Øn-\p≈ ss\]p-Wn-Iƒ hnI-kn-∏n-°¬.

bph]TnXm-°fpw Ah-cpsS ]T-\-k-μ¿`hpw a\- n-em-°¬.

taJ-em-[n-jvTn-X-amb Nne bqWn-‰pIƒ.

45

\ymb-hm-Zhpw e£y-ßfpw

{]mY-anI Xe-Øn-ep≈ ]Tn-Xm-°-ƒ°p≈ `mjm A≤ym-]-\-amWv Cu tImgvkv

{i≤n-°p-∂-Xv. CXv e£y-an -Sp∂Xv A≤ym-]-I˛hnZym¿∞nIfpsS `mjm

A≤ym-]-\-Øn-ep≈ ka-Im-enI ]cn-io-e-\-am-Wv. Cu tImgvkns‚ ASn-ÿm\

\n¿ΩmW kao-]-\-Øn-eqsS mjm ]T-\w. mjm ]T-\-Øn¬ ]co-£Ww \S-Øm≥

]Tn-Xm-hns\ t{]m’m-ln-∏n-°m-\p≈ Hcp Np‰p-]mSv krjvSn-°m≥ A≤ym-]n-Ibv°v

km[n-°p-∂p.

t_m[\ Dt±iy-߃

`mjm ]T-\-Ønepw, A≤ym-]-\-Øn-ep-ap≈ s]mXp-hmb XXz-߃ a\- n-em-

°m≥ A≤ym-]-I¿°v km[n-°p-∂p.

¢m vdqw amt\-Pvsa‚ v ss\]p-Wn-Iƒ, coXn-Iƒ procedure, `mj A≤ym-]-\-Øn-

ep≈ hnZy-Iƒ hnI-kn-∏n-°m≥.

`mj aqey-\n¿Æ-b-Øns‚ {]iv\-ßfpw Ah-bpsS ¢mkvdqw A≤ym-]-\-Øn-ep≈

kzm[o-\hpw ]cn-tim-[n-°m≥.

{]mY-anI Xe-Øn¬ `mjm A≤ym-]-\-Øn-ep≈ Ignhv hnI-kn-∏n-°m≥

`mj ˛ Bi-bw, {]Ir-Xw, LS-\, [¿Ωw, {]m[m\yw F∂nh a\- n-em-°p-∂Xv

hnI-kn-∏n-°m≥.

`mjm ]T\ {]{In-bbpw AXv t\Sp-∂-Xns\°pdn-®p≈ Dƒ°mgvN hnI-kn-∏n-°epw.

hnhn[ kao-]-\-ßsf ]cn-N-b-s∏-Sm\pw `mjm A≤ym-]-\-Øn-ep≈ coXn-Iƒ,

hnZy-Iƒ F∂nh hnI-kn-∏n-°m≥.

^e-{]-Z-amb `mjm A≤ym-]-I-\m-Im≥ Bh-iy-amb ss\]p-Wn-Iƒ aq¿®-Iq- m≥.

tªm°v 1 : `mj a\- n-em-°¬

bqWn‰v 1 : `mj-bpsS BapJw

`mj ˛ Bibw, [¿Ωw, {]m[m-\yw.

`mjm-im-kv{Xhpw hymI-c-Ww; \ne-hm-c-ap≈ `mj-bpsS Bibw

`mj-bpsS kmaq-ly-k-μ¿`w ; `mj-bpsS a\ximkv{Xw

`mj ss\]p-Wn-Iƒ, {i≤, `mj-Ww, `mj, FgpØv

`mjbpw kmln-Xyhpw

46

bqWn‰v 2. `mj C¥y-bn¬

`mj C¥y-bn¬ ˛ `mj-bpsS ]´n-I-Iƒ, amXr- m-j-Iƒ, {]mtZ-inI `mj-Iƒ;

¢mkn-°¬ `mj-Iƒ (kw-kvIr-Xw, Ad-_n, t]¿jy≥) ; HutZym-KnI `mj;

C¥y-bn¬ lnμn-bpsS ÿm\w

C¥y-bn¬ Cw•o-jns‚ ÿm\w

C¥y-bnse `mjmhnZym- ymk \bw ˛ {Xn`mj t^m¿ape ; F≥ kn F^v 2005

bqWn‰v 3. `mj˛A≤ym-]\w, ]T\w

`mjm kam¿÷-\hpw `mjm ]T-\hpw

`mjm ]T-\-Øns‚ ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬

kmaqly `mjm imkv{Xhpw at\m- mjm imkv{Xhpw

`mjm ]T-\-Øn¬ hymI-c-W-Øns‚ ]¶v

`mjm A≤ym-]-\-Øn-ep≈ hnhn[ coXn-Ifpw kao-]-\hpw hymI-cWw, X¿÷n-a,

LS\m kao-]\w; Bib hn\n-ab kao-]\w

`mjm A≤ym-]\ ]T\-Øn-eqsSbpw kmln-Xy-Øn-eq-sSbpw aqey-ß-fpw, PohnX

ss\]p-Wn-I-fpsS hnIm-k-hpw.

`mj-bn-ep≈ ]T\ sshI-ey-߃ : UnkvseIvknb, UnkvseIvknIvkv.

tªm°v 2: `mjm ]T-\-hp-ambn _‘-s∏´ ss\]p-Wn-Iƒ

bqWn‰v 4. {i≤ ˛ `mjW ss\]p-Wn-Iƒ

`mj A≤ym-]-\-Øn-ep≈ oral - Aural k-ao-]-\w.

{i≤-bp-sSbpw mj-W-Øn‚bpw ¢mkvdqw A≤ym-]\ hnZy-Iƒ ; t\gvkdn ]m´p-

Iƒ, ]Zyw, \mS-Iw, tdmƒ tπ; kw`m-j-Wƒ IY ]d-b¬; kwL-ß-fm-bp≈

N¿®, ]mtTy-Xc {]h¿Ø-\-߃˛ a’-c-߃ ; kwhm-Zw, {]kw-Kw, ]Zyw

sNm√¬, ap≥Iq´n Xøm-dm-°m-sX-bp≈ {]kw-Kw, etc .. .

klm-bn-Iƒ ˛ {ihW / Zyiy ]cn-]m-Sn-Iƒ; `mjm em_p-Iƒ.

icn-bmb kvs]√nw-Kv, a\- n-em-°m-\p≈ Ignhpw ]cn-tim-[n-°m≥ ImWmsX

Fgp-Xn-°p∂ Hcp hnZy-bmbn D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂p. (\-s√mcp ]Tn-Xmhv icn-bmb

kvs]√nw-ßpw, \√ {i≤-bp-ap≈ Bfm-bn-cn-°pw)

IrXyX / hmNm-eX

47

bqWn‰v 5. hmb\ ss\]p-Wn-Iƒ

`mj-bn¬ hmb-\-bpsS {]m[m\yw; \ni-_vZ-hm-b-\bpw, D®-Øn-ep≈ hmb-\bpw

XΩn-ep≈ hyXym-kw.

hmb-\-bpsS A≤ym-]-\-Øn\pw ]T-\-Øn-\p-ap≈ coXn-Ifpw / kao-]-\-ßfpw:

t^mWn-°v, B¬ -s_-‰v, hm°v, hmIyw

A¿∞hpw vs hmb-\-bpsS {Km^nIvkv

Ip´n-I-fn¬ hmb-\-tbm-Sp≈ CjvSw hf¿ØpI. kt¥m-j-Øn\v th≠n-bp≈

hmb-\bpw, Adn-hn-\p-th-≠n-bp≈ hmb-\bpw sse{_-dn-bpsS D]-tbmKw, ¢mkv

sse{_-dn-Iƒ, Ip´n-Iƒ°n-S-bn-ep≈ ]pkvX-I-Øns‚ hn\n-abw ; sI´p-I-Y, IY

_p°p--Iƒ, ]{X-߃ etc. hy‡nXz hnI-k-\-Øn\pw, loenw-ßn-\p-ap≈ ]pkvX-I-sX-dm∏n : ]pkvXI

hmb-\bpw N¿®-bpw.

hmb-\sb Fgp-Øp-ambn _‘n-∏n-°p∂p : hmb\ [mcW, ]cn-NnX sSIvÃp

ImWmØ JWvUn-Ibpw, ]cm-h¿Ø\w ( ]cn- mj )

[mcW tim[I kw{K-lw.

]Zm-hen kI¿Ω-I-amb ˛ \njv{In-b-amb ]Zm-h-en.

bqWn‰v 6: FgpØv ss\]p-Wy-߃

Fgp-Øns‚ Bcw`w B¬s_-‰p-Iƒ ]cn-io-en-°p-∂p, hm°p-Iƒ, hmIy-߃

\√ ssIø-£-c-Øns‚ {][m-\yhpw LS-I-ß-fnse kv]jvS-am-bXpw at\m-l-c-

am-b-Xp-amb FgpØv : \√ ssIø-£-c-Øn\v Ip´n-Isf klm-bn-°¬:

ssIsø-gpØpw hy‡n-Xzhpw : ssIø-£cw UnkvseIvkn-b-bpsS Hcp kqNIw

\√ Fgp-Øns‚ KpW-߃, hymI-c-W-]-c-ambn icn, Bi-b-hn-\n-ab]cw-˛

kv]jvSX & kw{Klw ; efnXw vs Be-¶m-cnI `mj.

sNdnb ¢mkp-I-fn-ep≈ FgpØv A≤ym-]I ss\]p-Wy-hn-Zy-Iƒ: Picturecomposition IY hnI-kn-∏n-°¬

ap≥Iq-´n-bp≈ FgpØv {]h¿Ø-\-߃ : paragraph and essay writing,

IsØ-gp-X¬, IY Fgp-X¬, ]Zyw Fgp-X¬.

48

tªm°v 3 : ¢mkv dqanse `mjm ]T\w

bqWn‰v 7 . kmlnXyw

`mjm ]T-\-Øn¬ kmln-Xy-Øns‚ ]¶v

kmlnXy A≤y-]-\-Øn-ep≈ e£y-߃ ˛sensitivity and sensibility,

k¿Km-fl-I-Xbpw `mh-\bpw : Pohn-X-sØbpw , P\-ß-sfbpw a\- n-em-°¬.

hnhn[ cq]-Øn-eqsS Fßs\ kmlnXyw ]Tn-∏n°mw : ]Zyw, \mSIw

t{]mkv˛ KZyw, sNdp-I-Y-I-ƒ, t\mh-ep-Iƒ, sI´p-I-Ybpw A-√m-ØXpw;

imkv{Xob FgpØv. kmln-Xy-Øn-eqsS aqeyßfpsS hoIm-kw. ¢mkv dqw

A≤ym-]-\-Øn\v bqWo‰v πm\p-I-fpsS hnI--k\w.

bqWn‰v 8 . `mjm ¢mkp-Iƒ°m-bp≈ bqWn-‰m-kq-{XWw

Bibw & bqWn-‰m-kq-{X-W-Øns‚ {][ym\yw

{i≤˛ `mjW ¢mkv

hmb\m ¢mkv

FgpØv ¢mkv

KZyw

]Zyw

bqWn‰v 9 . `mjm A≤ym-]-\-Øn-\p≈ hkvXp-°fpw, klm-bn-I-fpw.

{]n‚ v sa‰o-cn-b¬

_lq am[y-a-߃ ˛ {ihyw, Zriyw

A≤ym-]nI Xøm-dm-°p∂ hne Ipd™ ]T-\-k-lm-bn-I-ƒ.

kmt¶-XnI hnZy-bpsS D]-tbmKw : `mjm em_v ; sh∫v A[njvTn-X-amb

A≤ym-]\ ˛ ]T-\w.

49

bqWn‰v 10 . `mj-I-fpsS aqey \n¿Æbw

aqey \n¿Æb kv^pSX hnZy-Iƒ 4 ss\]pWn-Iƒ°m-bp≈ ˛ {i≤, `mj-Ww,

hmb-\bpw FgpØpw .

sSIvÃv ]pkvXI A[n-jvSn-X-amb aqey-\n¿Æbw ˛ KZyw, ]Zyw, \mSIw

tImgvkv 6: 504 {]mY-an-I-X-e-Øn¬ KWn-X-im-kv{X-]-T-\w.

a. Bap-Jw.

]cn-jvI-cn® KWn-X-im-kv{X-Øns‚ ]mT-{Iaw NCF 2005 s‚ ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬

{]mY-an-I-L- -Ønep≈ hnZym- ymkw ]pXnb ]ptcm-K-Xn-tbbpw {]h-W-X-I-sfbpw

{]Xn- -en-∏n-°p-∂p. CXv Bi-b-]-c-amb [mcW ss\]p-Wy-ß-f-psS sshZKv[yw

Nn¥m ss\]p-Wn-Iƒ XpS-ß-nbh KWnXimkv{X A≤ym-]\ ]T-\-Øn¬

Dd-∏m-°p-∂p. KWn-X-im-kv{X-]-c-amb {]iv\ \nhm-cW Ign-hn¬ Cu sshZKv[yw

Ahn-`m-Py-am-Wv. bp‡n]cw, {]mtbm-Kn-IX, kmt¶-Xn-I-X-bpsS D]-tbmKw

XpS-ßnb Bhn-iy--߃°v Du∂¬ \¬Ip-∂p. KWn-X-i-mkv{X kmt¶-XnI

hnZy-bn¬ apt∂m-Sn-bm-bn- p≈ kmt¶-XnI hnZy CXns‚ A≤ym-]\ ]T-\-Øn¬

am‰w hcp-Øn. bp‡n-bpsS I≠p-]n-Sn-Ø-Øn\pw KWn-X-imkv{X Bi-b-

hn-\n-a-b-Øn\pw hnZym¿∞n-Iƒ°v Ah-kcw Bh-iy-am-Wv.- N¿®-Ifpw

{]h¿Ø-\-ß-fpw _e-s∏-Sp-Øm\pw, km[y-X-Iƒ Bcm-bm-\pw _‘-s∏-Sp-

Øm\pw CXv Bhn-iy-s∏-Sp-∂p. Cu KpWm-fl-I-amb am‰w A≤ym-]\ ]T\

kao-]\w, Iq´n-bn-W-°p∂ {]h¿Ø\w ]Tn-Xm-hn-am-bn, tI{μo-IrX coXn

imkv{Xw

b. e£y-߃

Cu tImgvkv A≤ym-]n-Isb klm-bn-°p-∂p.

{]mY-anI KWn-X-imkv{X hnZym- ym-k-hp-ambn _‘-s∏´ ]Z-hnbpw, {]iv\-ß-

fpw {]Xn-^-en-∏n-°p-∂p.

{]mY-anI ASn-ÿm\ KWn-X-im-kv{X-Øn¬ IqSp-X¬ Adnhv t\Sm≥.

{]mY-an-I-L- -Øn¬ KWn-X-imkv{X A≤ym-]-\-Øn¬ t_m[\ ss\]p-Wn-Iƒ

t\Sm≥

KWn-X-imkv{X ]T\ A≤ym-]-\-Øn¬ kmt¶-XnI hnZy Dƒs∏--sS-bp≈

hyXym-k-ß-f-mb KWn-X-imkv{X D]-I-c-W-߃ {]tXy-I-ambn D]-tbm-Kn-°m≥

KWnX imkv{X ]c-amb Bk-b-Øn¬ sNdn -∏ -°m-cb Ip´n -I-fpsS

]T-\-Øn-\p≈ ss\]p-Wn-Iƒ t\Sm\pw Ah-K-WnX imkv{Xw a\- n-em-°m\p

{]I-S-\-Øn-\p-ambn D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂p.

50

tªm°v 1 : {]mY-anI L -Ønse hnZym-e-b-ß-fnse KWn-X-imkv{X ]T-\-Øns‚

{]m[m\yw

bqWn‰v 1 : KWn-X-imkv{Xw Ip´n-Iƒ Fß-s\ ]Tn-°p-∂p.

Hcp Ip´n Nn¥n-°p∂ hgn-Iƒ

⁄m\m¿÷\ hnIm-k-Øns‚ L -߃

KWn-X-im-kv{X-]-c-amb Bi-b-ß-fpsS hnImkw

ap≥Ime Ip´n-°m-eØv KWn-X-imkv{X ]T\w

KWn-X-imkv{X ]T-Øns‚ hgn-Iƒ

KWnX imkv{X t]Sn

KWn-X imkv{X ]T-\sØ kt¥m-j-ap≈Xm°p-I.

bqWn‰v 2: KWnX imkv{Xhpw KWn-X-imkv{X hnZym`ymkw {]m[m-\yw, hym]v-Xn,

{]k-‡n.

KWn-X-imkv{XØns‚ {]IrXw: logical precision, systematic, aiming at asstration

{]mY-anI L´-Øn¬ KWn-X-imkv{X hnZym-`ym -Øns‚ {]m[m-\y-hpw

hym]vXnbpw: F√m A\p-`-h-ßsf bYm¿∞ Pohn-Xm-\p-`-h-ß-fp-ambn

Dƒs∏-Sp-Øp-∂p, bYm¿∞ PohnX kml-Ncyw {]iv\߃ XcWw sNøm≥

KWn-X-hn-Zym- ymkw Bh-iy-am-Wv.

bqWn‰v 3: hnZym`ymØns‚ e£y-ßfpw ImgvN-∏mSpw

KWn-X-im-kv{X-Øns‚ e£y-߃ kvIqƒ L -Ønse hn]p-e-hpw, CSp-ßn-b-

Xp-amb e£y-ß-fmWv KWn-X- im-kv-{X-Øn\v {]mY-anI kvIqƒ Ime-L- -Øn¬

KWnX imkv{X hn-Zym- ym-k-Øn\v {]tXyI Dt±-i-߃ D≠v.

kvIqƒ KWn-X-im-kv{X-Øns‚ ImgvN-∏mSv, Ip´n-Ifpw KWnXimkv{X

hnZym- ym-khpw kvIqfn¬ ¢m v dqan\pw sSIvÃv ]pkvX-I-߃°pw AXo-X-

amWv KWn-X-imkv{X hnZym- ym-kw. KWn-X-imkv{X ]T\w kt¥m-j-I-c-am-°p-I.

bqWn‰v 4: ]TnXmhpw ]T\hpw ˛ tI{μo-IrX coXn imkv{Xw.

KWnX imkv{X ]T\ Bi-b-Ønse ]pXnb {]h-W-X-Iƒ : ⁄m\m¿÷\w

\n¿Ωn-Xn-hmZw, A\p- -h-th-Zyhpw {]h¿Ø\ A[n-jvTn-X-hp-amb KWn-X-imkv{X

]T\ kao-]\w kvIqƒ Ime-L- -Øn\v apºv

51

{]mY-anI L´-Øn¬ KWnXimkv{X A≤ym]\ ]T-\-Øns‚ coXn-Iƒ:

t{]c-I-am-bXp A\p-am-\hpw, t{]mP-IvSv, {]iv\-]-cn-l-c-Ww, sF. kn.-H.-F≥ Un-

ssk≥ amXrI 5 ˛ C C≥kv{S-£-W¬ amXr-I, Bib Ncn-{Xw.

KWn-X-imkv{X ]T-\sØ IqSp-X¬ sh√p-hnfn \nd-™-Xpw, kwXr-]vXhp-amb

{]mY-anI Xe-Øn-ep≈ Ip´n-Iƒ°v k¿Km-fl-I-amb Ign-hp-Iƒ hnI-kn-∏n-°p∂

{]h¿Ø-\-߃.

(K-Wn-X-imkv{X ¢_p-I-fpsS kwLm-S\w, ^o¬Uv ÃUn, skan-\m¿,

kntºm-kn-bw, KWnX imkv{X-taf, k¿Km-flI Nn¥ ]cn-t]m-jn-∏n-°m≥

KWnX imkv{X ]co-£W ime-I--fpw, sse{_dn-Ifpw D]-tbm-Kn-°p-I.

KWn-X-im-kv{X-Øns‚ Bi-b-hn -\n -abw: ]mTy -]-≤-Xnbpw ¢mkvdqw

A`ym-khpw, KWnXimkv{X A≤ym-]\ ]T-\-Øn¬ sSIvÃv ]pkvI-Øns‚ ]¶v,

KWn-X-imkv{X ]co-£W ime-Iƒ/ dntkmgvkv apdn., KWn-X imkv{X t]Snbpw

]cm-P-b-ßf AXn-Pn-hn-°m-\p-am-bp≈ ]Tn-Xmhpam-bp≈ CS-s]-S¬.-{]m-Y-anI

hnZym-e-b-ß-fnse KWnX kmkv{X ]mTy-]-≤-Xn-bn¬ Hmtcm kao-]-\hpw,

coXnbpw N¿®-sN-øp -∂Xv aq¿Ø-amb DZm -l-c -W-ßfn -eqsSbmWv.

icn-bmb DØ-c-Øn¬ FØpI F∂-Øns\-°mƒ D]cn km[y-amb F√m-

h-gn-I-fn-eq-sSbpw {]Ir-b-bn-eq-sSbpw KWnX imkv{X {]kv\w \nhm-cWw sNøp-∂p.

tªm°v 2 : D≈S°-sØ-bpw, coXn-im-kv{X-sØbpw kºp-jvS-am-°p-∂p.

bqWn‰v 5 : A°ßƒ, A°-ß-fpsS {]hyØn {Iaw.

A°-߃, A°-k-{º-Zbw (F-Ƭ kwJy-Iƒ, AJ-WvU kwJy-Iƒ, ]q¿Æ

kwJy-Iƒ, dmj-W¬ kwJyIƒ Awiw Zimwiw )

\mev {]hy-Øn-{I-a-Øns‚ {]I-S\w KW\ ss\]p-Wn-I-fpw, at\m A\p-am-\-

Øn-\p-ap≈ Ignhv hnI-kn-∏n-°p-I, LSI kwJy, _lp-KpWw, F®v, kn.-F- v,

F¬.-kn. Fw.

Znh-tk-\-bp≈ PohnX, kml-N-cy-Øn¬ A¶-K-Wn-X-Øns‚ D]-tbm-K-w,

(A-Jvfi-kw-JyIƒ, ]q¿Æ kwJy-Iƒ, dmj-W¬ kwJy-Iƒ, Zimw-iw)

iX-am-\w, ]eni, em`hpw \jvS-hpw, tPmenbpw ka-bhpw

52

bqWn-‰v 6 : cq]hpw ÿe kw_-‘n-bm-Wv.

ASn-ÿm\ t£{X KWnX {]Xn-cq]w \n¿h-Nn-°mØ ]Z-߃ ˛ Awiw,

A£-tc-J, ka-t£-{Xw. ASn-ÿm-\-t£{X KWnX Bi-b-߃ ˛ A£-tc-J-

Iƒ A£-tc-J-bpw, tOZn-°p∂ A£-tcJ

t£{X KWnX {]Xn-cq]w: c≠pw, aq∂pw {Xnam-\-amb {]Xn-cq-]w, {]Xn-cq-]-

tØmSv IqSnb ]≤-Xn-bpw, amXr-I-bpw, s]mcp-Øhpw, kmay-X-bpw,X¿÷-a, {]Xn-

^-e-\-hpw, {Ia-hpw, AwK-s∏m-cp-Øw,-t£-{X-K-WnX D]-I-c-W-߃ D]-tbm-Kn-

®n- p≈ \n¿Ωn-Xn, {]Xn-cq-]-Øns‚ amXr-I.

bqWn‰v 7 : Afhpw Af-°epw Htc-t]m-se-bp≈ c≠p-h-kvXp-°-fpsS

XmcX-aysØ Af-°¬

AwKo-Ir-X-am-b-Xpw, A√m-Ø-Xp-amb Af-hp-Iƒ AI-ew, t£{Xw, `mcw,-L-\w.

ao‰-dns\ ASn-ÿm-\-am°n Afhv

ka-b-Øns‚ Afhv

bqWn‰v 8 : ZØ-߃ ssIIm-cyw-sN-øp∂p

tiJ-c-Ww, kwLm-S-\w, ZØ-ß-fpsS Nn{Xo-I-c-Ww.

ZØ-ßsf A]-{K-Yn-°m≥

hymJym-\n-°m-\p≈ ASn-ÿm\ ÿnc-hn-h-c-imkv{X D]m-[n-Iƒ

ZØ-ß-fpsS Nn{Xo-I-c-Ww.

bqWn‰v 9 : _oP-K-WnXw s]mXp-hm-bn´v A¶-K-WnXw

_oP-K-WnX hmZ-ß-fpw, Bhn-jvImchpw, _oP-KWnX ]Z-Øn-s‚ D]-tbm-Kw.

]c-º-cm-K-Xhpw ]pXnb kao-]-\hpw ]c-º-cm-KX kao-]-\-Øn‚ kz`m-h-

k-hn-ti-j-X-Iƒ.

53

tªm°v 3 : KWn-X-Øn¬ ]Tn-Xm-hns\ hne-bn-cp-ج

bqWn‰v 10 : KWnX hnj-b-Øn¬ ]Tn-Xm-hns\ hne-bn-cp-Øm-\p≈ LS-I-߃

]ucm-Wn-I-amb hnj-b-ß-fnepw hy‡n-I-fnepw D≈ Adn-hv. CXv

IqSmsX {]h¿Ø-\ßfneq-sS-bp≈ Ignhpw ]cn-tim-[n-°p-∂p. {]mY-anI

hnZym- ym-k-Øn¬ KWnX ]T-\-Øn-\p≈ Ignhpw hne-bn-cp-Øp-∂p.

IqSp-X¬ i‡n-bm¿÷n® Is≠-Ø-ep-Iƒ ]cn-tim-[n-°p∂p: kzbw

hnebn-cp-ج, ka-{]m-b-°m-cpsS hne-bn-cp-ج, ]e-cp-tSbpw A`n-{]mb

ka-\zb hne-bn -cp -ج, ]e-Xcw hmb-\ -bn -eqsS B¿÷n®

Bi-b-ß-fpsS hne-bn-cp-ج, Assk≥sa‚n-eqsS hne-bn-cp-ج,

t{]mPIvSv sNbvXv hne-bn-cp-ج, kzbw km£y-s∏-Sp-ج F∂nh

]cn-tim-[n-°p∂p.

bqWn‰v 11: D]-I-c-W-ßfpw kmt¶-Xn-I-hn-Zy-Ifpw {]tbm-P-\-s∏-SpØn

hne-bn-cp-Øp-∂p.

XpS¿ aqey -\n¿Æ-bw, hmIvNm -Xp -cnbpw Fgp -Øp -] -co -£-bpw,

hmZ-{]Xnhm-Z-ßfpw ¢m p-I-fn¬ \S-°p∂ aqey-\n¿Æ-b-ßfpw CXn¬

Dƒs∏-Sp-∂p. a’-c-∏-co-£-I-fn-eqsS t\Sp∂ hnPbw ]co-£n°s∏Sp-∂p.

Ip´n-Isf hne-bn-cp-Øp-∂-Xn-\mbn ]e-Xcw kmt¶-Xn-I-hnZy D]-tbm-Kn-°p ∂Xv

hne-bn-cp-Øp-∂p. \nco-£-Ww, FIvkn-_n-j≥ {]h¿Ø-\w, Iznkv

kwLm-S-\w, Ifn-Iƒ, {]h¿Ø-\-߃, A[ym-]\ ]cn-io-e\ D]m-[n-Iƒ

hnI-kn-∏n-°¬

{]Y-an-I-]-T-\-Øn¬, KWnX hnj-b-Øn¬ hnhnt[m-]-tZi D]-I-c-W-ß-fpsS

D]-tbmKw hne-bn-cp-Øp-∂p.

(kn.-kn.-C. KWn-X-Øn¬)

bqWn‰v 12: KWnX ]T\w XpS¿ hne-bn-cp-ج

hne-bn-cp-Ø-ens\ kw_-‘n-°p∂ hnhcw : Hmtcm ]Tn-Xm-hns\

kw_-‘n-°p∂ hnh-c-W-ßfpw hne-bn-cp-Ø-ep-Ifpw tiJ-cn-°p-Ibpw

kq£n-°pbpw amXm-]n-Xm-°-sftbm a‰p-≈-h-tctbm Adn-bn-°p-Ibpw

sNøp-∂p.

hne-bn-cp-ج XpS¿ {]h¿Ø\w : ]Tn-Xm-hns‚ KWnX ]T-\-Øns‚

t]mtcm-bva-Ifpw i‡nbpw Xncn-®-dn™v ]cn-lm-c-߃ \¬Ip-Ibpw

IqSp -X¬ i‡n-bm¿÷n-°m -\p≈ XpS¿ {]h¿Ø-߃ \¬In

Bflhnizmkw h¿≤n-∏n-°p-∂p.

54

tImgvkv 7 : 505 ]cn-ÿnXn ]T\w ss{]adn Xe-Øn¬

a) BapJw

C∂v \ne-hnep≈ ]cn-ÿnXn ]T-\w, {]mY-anI Xe-Øn¬ \S-°p-∂-Xv,

ASn-ÿm\]c-ambn kb≥kpw kmaq-ly-]m-T-ßfpw IpSn-t®¿∂ k{º-Zm-b-am-Wv.

]cn -ÿnXn ]T-\w, ]Tn -Xm-hns\ ]e XcØn-ep≈ hnI-k-\-Øn-tebv°v

\bn-°p-∂p. AXv C∂sØ BtKmfhXvI-c-WsØ tNmZyw sNøm\pw \√

{Inbm-flI {]h¿Ø-\m-°m\pw \ΩpsS {]IrXnZ-Ø-amb AhÿIsf

BZ-cn-°m\pw C∂sØ kmaq-ln-I -km-º-ØnI Ah-ÿ-Iƒ ]cn-ÿnXn

A\p-Iq-e-amtWm F∂v Nn¥n-°m\pw {]m]v-X-\m-°p-∂p. Cu tImgvkv \n߃°v

]cn -ÿn -Xnsb Dƒs°m-≈m\pw ]Tn -°m -\p -ap≈ i‡n ]I-cp -∂p.

\ΩpsS ]cn-ÿn-Xnsb kwc-£n®psIm-≠p≈ ssZhn-I-amb hc-Zm-\-ßsf

ImØpkq£n-°p-∂, {]Ir-Xnsb kvt\ln-°p∂ Hcp Xe-ap-dsb {]Y-anI Xe-Øn¬

Xs∂ cq]-s∏-Sp-Øm≥ CXv klm-bn-°p∂p.

]cn-ÿnXn ]T-\-Øn¬, ]T-\-co-Xnbpw ]mT-]p-kvI-ßfpw ]Tn-Xm-hns‚

\b-ßfpw {]hr-Øn-I-fp-ambn _‘-s∏´p \n¬°p-∂p. ]T\w hnP-b-am-I-W-sa-¶n¬,

]mT-]p-kvI-]-T\w am{Xw t]mc Pmhn-X-co-Xnbpw ]cn-ÿnXn A\p-Iq-e-am-I-Ww.

A[ym-]-I-cmWv hnZym¿∞n-I-fpsS, hnim-e-ho-£-W-Øn-tebv°v \bn-°p-∂,

Xmt°m¬ F∂p-]-d-bmw. Hmtcm tIme-L-´-Ønepw A[ym-]-I¿°v, Nn¥m-L-S-\-

bnepw {]h¿Ø-\-co-Xn-bnepw hnZym¿∞n-Iƒ°mbn [mcmfw sNøm≥ Ign-b-Ww.

]cn-ÿnXn ]T-\-Øn¬, A[ym-]-\-]-cn-io-e\ ka-bØv [mcmfw {]h¿Ø-\-߃,

]cn-ÿnXn klm-bI {]h¿Ø-\-߃ ¢m v apdn-bn¬ sNøm≥ Ign-bpw. ]e-t∏mgpw

AXv hnZym¿∞n tI{μn-Xhpw Nne-t∏mƒ hnZym¿∞n \bn-°p-∂Xpw BIpw.

{]mY-anI Xe-Øn¬ ]T-\-tØm-sSm∏w ]cn-ÿnXn Adn-hn¬ Hcp henb hn⁄m\w

]I-cm\pw AXv henb i‡n-bmbn hf-cm\pw Cu tImgvkv klm-bn-°p-∂p.

]cn-ÿnXn ]T-\-Øn¬ D]-tbm-lr-K-{]-Z-amb henb Hcp kwcw- -ambn hf-cm≥

CXn\v Ign-bp-sa∂v R߃ {]Xo-£n-°p-∂p.

tImgvkv e£y-߃

A[ym-]-I-cpsS Adn-hn-te°v :

]cn-ÿn-Xn-sb-°p-dn-®p≈ Adnhpw Ah-Km-lhpw

]cn-ÿn-Xnsb ]cn-]m-en-®p-sIm-≠p≈ ]ptcm-KXn

{]mY-anI hnZym- ym-k-Øn¬ ]cn-ÿnXn ]T-\-Øns‚ {]m[m\yw

Np‰p-]m-Sp-ap≈ ]T-\m-h-ÿ-Iƒ Xncn-®-dn-bp-∂p. AXv ]cn-ÿnXn ]T-\-

ta-J-e-I-fp-ambn _‘n-∏n®v ]Tn-°p-∂p.

55

ss{]adn Xe-Ønse Ip´n-Iƒ°mbn D]-tbm-Kn-°m-\p≈ A[ym-]\ ]T\

kma-{Kn-Iƒ cq]-s∏-Sp-Øm\pw AXp-]--tbm-in®v {]h¿Ø\ ]T\

km[y-am-°m\pw Ign-bp-∂p.

Hmtcm Ip´n-bp-sSbpw ]T-\-\n-e-hmcw ]cn-tim-[n-°p-Ibpw t]mcm-bva-Iƒ°v

]cn-lmcw \n¿t±-in-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p.

b) saØ-tUm-fPn

]cn-ÿn-Xn-]-T-\w, kv°qfn¬ \S-∏n-em-°p-∂-Xn-eq-sS, A[ym-]-I¿°v kb≥kpw

kmaqly]m-Thpw ]cn -ÿn-Xn -]-T -\-hp -ambn _‘-s∏-Sp -∂Xpw ]cn -ÿnXn

]T\-Øns‚ i‡n kmaqly Pohn -X-Øn¬ Bh-iy-am -W∂ t_m[hpw

ssIh-cn-°p-∂p. a‰v hnj-b-ß-sf-t∏mse hf¿® {]m]n-°m≥ ]cn-ÿnXn ]T\

taJ-ebv°v km[n-®n- n-√. (k-b≥kv & kmaq-ly-]m-Tw) Cu tImgvkv A[ym-]-I¿°v,

ÿe-Im-e-_-‘sØ°p-dn®pw ]cn-ÿnXn ]T-\-Øns‚ Bh-iy-I-Xbpw th≠

\n¿t±-i-ßfpw \¬Ip-∂p. ]cn-ÿnXn ]T\w ¢m v dqan¬ \S-Øp-tºmƒ Ip´n-Ifpw

A[ym-]-Icpw XΩn-ep≈ ImgvN-∏m-Sp-Ifpw ]Tn-∏n-°p∂ coXnbpw ]mT-]p-kvX-I-߃

Dƒs°m-≈n-®n -´p -≠v. Cu tImgvkv \sΩ ]e ]mT-ßfpw ]Tn -∏n -°p-∂p,

AXv XXz-Nn-¥m-]-c-ambpw \nK-a-\-ß-fpsS ASn-ÿm-\-Ønepw ssIamdn h∂Xpw

{]h¿Ø-\-Øn-eq-sSbpw PohnX bm-Ym¿∞y-Øn-eqsSbpw PohnX bmYm¿∞y-Øn-

eq-sSbpw CXv km£m-XvI-cn-°mw.

bmYm¿∞y Pohn-X-Øn-te-°n-dßn ]e sXc-s™-SpØ hy‡n-I-fp-am-bp≈

{]h¿Ø-\-Øn-eq-sSbpw hnZym¿∞n-- A≤ym-]I {]h¿Ø-\-Øn-eq-sSbpw a‰p

]cn-ÿnXn ]T\w IqSp-X¬ anI-hp-‰-Xm-°mw. Aßs\bp≈ {]h¿Ø-\-߃°v

Bh-iy-amb Np‰p-]m-Sp-ap≈ A\p-Iqe LS-I-߃ ]cn-ÿnXn ]T-\-Øn¬

D]-tbm-Kn-°mw.

Cu tImgvkv A[ym-]-I-˛ -hn -Zym¿∞n-I-fpsS {]h¿Ø\ anI-hn\pw

e£y-km-[q-I-c-W-Øn\pw i‡n-]-I-cp-∂p. ]T-\w, {]hr-Øn-]-cn-N-b-Øn-eqsS

apt∂-dp-tºmƒ AXv hy‡n-Iƒ°v IqSp-X¬ ]mT-t`-Z-߃ Dƒs°m-≈m\pw

i‡n-bm¿÷n-°m\pw Ign-bp-∂p.

56

D≈-S°w

tªm°v 1: A≤ym-]I ]T-\-Øns‚ {]m[m\yw˛]cn-ÿn-Xn-]-T-\-Øn¬ {]mY-anI

Xe-Øn¬

bqWn‰v 1: A≤ym-]I ]T-\-Øns‚ {]m[m\yw˛]cn-ÿn-Xn-]-T-\-Øn¬ {]mY-anI

Xe-Øn¬

]cn-ÿn-Xnsb a\- n-em-°p-∂p.

]cn-ÿn-Xn-bpsS {]m[m\yw :˛ hnhn-[-Xcw {]IrXn ZØw a\p-jy-\n¿ΩnX

kwkv°mcw kmº-Øo-I-hp-ambn _‘-s∏- -Xv. {]IrXn kwc-£-W-Øn-s‚

Bhiyw; IpSpw-_-Øns‚ kam-[m-\w, Ab¬°m¿, kaq-lw, cmPyw (\m-Sv)

temIw.

]cn-ÿn-Xnbpw Ip´nbpw : hf¿®-bnepw hnImk ]cn-Wm-a-ß-fnepw

]cn -ÿn-Xn -bpsS ]¶v, Ip´n -bpsS ho£Ww Ahs‚/Ah-fpsS

]cn-ÿn-Xnsb

]cn-ÿnXn ]T\w hne-bn-cp-Øp-∂p.

˛ ]T-\-]-co-£-W-ime

˛ Adn-hp-≈-h¿ Adn-hn-√m-Ø-h-cn-te°pw {]h¿Ø-\-ta-J-e-bn¬

Ign-hp-≈-h¿ AX-dn-bm-Ø-h-cn-tebv°pw ]cn-ÿnXn kw_-‘-amb

Adn-hp-Iƒ ]I-cp-∂p.

˛ Pohn-Xm-h-ÿ-I-fn-te-bv°p≈ ]T\w ¢m vap-dn-bn¬

˛ A®-S-°-Øn-tebv°v \bn-°p-∂p.

˛ kw`m-j-W-Øn\pw tNmZyw sNøm\pw i‡n-]-I-cp-∂p.

˛ A[ym-]I amXrI

Ip´n temI {i≤-bm-I¿jn®v ]cn-ÿnXn ]Tn®v hf-cp-∂p.

bqWn‰v 2: {]mYanI Xe-Øn¬ ]cn-ÿnXn ]T-\-Øns‚ ]mTy-]-≤-Xn-bpsS Bhiyw

F≥.-kn.-F v 2005 A\p-k-cn®v {]tXyI ]cn-K-W-\-tbm-sS-bp≈ ]cn-ÿnXn

]T-\-Øns‚ e£yw

kne-_kv {]Im-c-ap≈ ]mT-]p-kvX-I-߃

]cn-ÿnXn ]T\ ]mT-]p-kvXIw

¢m v dqan\v AIØpw ]pd-Øp-ap≈ ]mT-]p-kvXI ]T\w

]cn-ÿnXn ]T-\-Øns‚ sh√p-hnfn

57

bqWn‰v 3: ss{]adn Xe-Øn-te-°p≈ A[ym-]\ ]T-\-Øn¬ ]cn-ÿnXn

]T-\-Øn-s‚ e£yhpw km[y-Xbpw

F¥n-\mWv ]cn-ÿnXn ]T\w {]mY-anI Xe-Øn¬

F≥.-kn.-F-^v. 2005 A\p-k-cn-®v, A[ym-]\ ]T-\-Øn¬, ]cn-ÿnXn

]T-\w, ss{]adn Xe-Øn¬ \S-Øp-∂-Xns‚ e£y-߃.

]cn-ÿnXn ]T-\-Øn¬ Dƒs°m-≈p∂ aqey-߃

A[ym-]\ aqey-߃ : \nco-£-W-]m-S-hw, HØp-tN-c¬, {]h¿Ø\

]cn-N-bw, IqSp-X¬ {]h¿Ø-\-߃

\ΩpsS ]cn-ÿn-Xnsb ]Tn-°p∂p : C¥y≥ ]mc-ºcyw

bqWn‰v 4: A[ym-]-\-imkv{Xw A\p-k-cn®v ]cn-ÿnXn ]T\w {]mY-anI Xe-Øn¬

]cn-ÿnXn ]T-\-Øns‚ khn-ti-j-X-Iƒ : Xmc-X-ayw, Xcw-Xn-cn-°¬,

]Tn-Xm-hns\ tI{μo-I-cn-®p-≈-Xv, sX‰p-Ip-‰-ß-fn-√, ]cn-ÿnXn ]T-\-Øn¬

aqey-߃ ASßnbncn-°p-∂p.

Fßns\-bmWv Ip´n-Iƒ hf-cp-∂Xv?

A[ym-]\ ]cn-io-e-\-Øn-\p≈ A[ym-]\ imkv{X-\n-co-£-Ww, ]cn-ÿnXn

]T-\-Øn¬ Ip´n-I-fpsS ]cn-ÿnXn

tªm°v 2 : ]mTy-]-≤-Xnbpw A[ym-]-\-im-kv{Xhpw ]cn-ÿnXn ]T-\-Øn¬

bqWn‰v 5 : A[ym-]\ ]T-\-Øn¬ ]cn-ÿnXn ]T-\-Øns‚ kao-]-\-߃.

{]mtbm-KnI ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ ]cn-ÿnXn ]T-\sØ kao-]n-°p-∂p. Iq´mb

{]h¿Ø-\-Øn-eqsS IqSp-X-¬ Adn-bm≥ Ign-bp-∂p.

Iq´mb {]h¿Ø-\-Øns‚ sh√p-hn-fn.

bqWn‰v 6: A[ym-]\ ]cn-io-e-\-Øn¬, ]cn-ÿn-Xn, ]T-\-Øns‚ coXn-Iƒ.

\nco-£-W-co-Xn, {]mtbm-KnI ]cn-N-bw (\m-S-Iw, \rØw, ]mh-I-fn, kwKo-Xw,

krjvSn-]-c-X) ]cn-ÿnXn kμ¿i-\w, s{]mP-IvSv, sNdnb {Kq∏v {]h¿Ø-\w,

I≠p-]n-Sp-Øw. {]iv\-]-cn-lmcw F∂nh A[ym-]\ ]cn-io-e-\-Øn¬, ]cn-ÿnXn

]T-\-Øn-eq-sS.

bqWn‰v 7: A[ym-]\ ]cn-io-e-\-Øn¬ ]cn-ÿnXn ]T-\-Øns‚ Bkq-{X-Ww.

Znh-tk-\-bp-≈Xpw h¿jm-h-km-\-Ønepw D≈ ]T-\m-kq-{X-Ww.

]cn-ÿnXn ]T-\-Øn¬, hnj-bm-Sn-ÿm-\-Øn-ep≈ Bkq-{X-Ww.

Znh-tk-\-bp-≈Xpw h¿jm-h-km-\-Ønepw D≈ ]T\aqe-IfpsS hnI-k-\hpw

D]-tbm-K-hpw.

58

bqWn‰v 8: A[ym-]-\-]-cn-io-e-\-Øn¬ ]cn-ÿnXn ]T-\-Øn\v th≠n-bp≈

hn -h-ßfpw hkvXp-°fpw

Nn{X-߃, Ombm-Nn-{X-߃, hnØv tiJ-c-Ww, ]q°ƒ F∂n-h. {]tZ-inI

`q]-S-߃ F∂n-h.

]cn-ÿnXn ]T-\-Øn-eqsS Ip´n-Iƒ Xß-fpsS ]¶v a\- n-em-°p-Ibpw

kaq-l-Ønse a‰p≈ hy‡n-I-fn¬ \n∂pw tiJ-c-Whpw krjvSn-]-c-Xbpw

D]-tbm-Khpw ]Tn-°p-∂p.

tªm°v 3: ]cn-ÿnXn ]T-\-Øns‚ aqey-\n¿Æ-bw.

bqWn‰v 9: aqey-\n¿Æbw ˛ ]cn-ÿnXn ]T-\-Øn¬.

A[ym-]\ e£y-ß-fpsS aqey-\n¿Æ-bw.

]cn-ÿnXn ]T-\-e-£y-ß-fpsS aqey-\n¿Æ-b-Øns‚ Bh-iy-I-X.

]cn-ÿnXn ]T-\-Øn\v Bh-iy-amb ASp-Øp≈ ]T-\-km-a -{Kn -Ifpw

AXn-s\-°p-dn -®p≈ hnh-c -߃ \evIm≥ Ign -ep≈ hy‡n-I-tfbpw

Xncn-®-dn-bp-∂p. ASp-Øp≈ hn -h߃ ]T-\-Øn¬ D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂p.

hoSn -t‚tbm hnZym -e -b-Øn-t‚tbm ]cn -ÿn-Xn -bn¬ \n∂v e`y -amb

hne-Ip-d -™Xpw sNe-hn -√m-Ø-Xp-amb hkvXp-°ƒ ]T-\-ta-J-ebv°v

krjvSn-°m\pw tiJ-cn-°m\pw km[n-°p-∂p.

hn`-h-k-am-l-cWw: kmap-Zm-bnI hn`-h-߃, a‰p-hn-`-h-ß-fpsS hnI-k-\hpw

D]-bp-‡-X-bpw, hm¿Øm-hn-h-c-Ww, kn\n-a-Iƒ.

]cn-ÿnXn ]T-\-Ønse aqey-\n¿Æ-b-Øns‚ hyXy-kvX-co-Xn-I-fpsS hni-I-e-\w.

aqey-\n¿Æ-b-Øns‚ coXn-Ifpw kz`m-h-ßfpw

]T-\-tI-{μo-IrX aqey-\n¿Æbw

bqWn‰v 10: ]cn-ÿnXn]T\ aqey-\n¿Æ-b-Øn-\p≈ D]m-[n-Ifpw kmt¶-Xn-I-

hn-Zy-I-fpw.

aqey-\n¿Æ-b-Øn\p≈ D]m-[n-Ifpw kmt¶-Xn-I-hn-Zy-Ifpw.

aqey-\n¿Æ-b-Øns‚ hyXykvX D]m-[n-I-fpsS hnI-k-\hpw sXc-s™-Sp∏pw

D]-tbm-Khpw.

]co-£-Iƒ

\nco-£W ]´nI

59

td‰nwKv kvtI¬

i_vZ- -Nn{X tiJ-cWw

aqey-\n¿Æb kmt¶-Xn-I-hnZy

aqey-\n¿Æb ]T\ e£y-ß-fpsS ]cn-K-W-\.

bqWn‰v 11: aqey-\n¿Æ-b-Øn-eq-sS-bp≈ Ip´n-I-fpsS hnI-k-\-Øns‚ hne-bn-cp-ج

Ip´n-I-fp-sS aqey-\n¿Æ-b-Øns‚ tiJc-Whpw ]¶p-h-bv°-epw.

Ip´n-Iƒ Ah-cpsS i‡nbpw t]mcm-bvabpw Xncn-®-dn-bp-∂p.

A[ym-]\ ]T\{]{In-b-bpsS \nco-£-Whpw hnI-k-\hpw

]cn-ÿnXn ]T-\-Øn¬ i‡n-]-I-cm-\mbn IqSp-X¬ hnI-k-\-Øn-te°v

\bn-°p∂ {]h¿Ø-\-߃ Bkq-{XWw sNøp-∂p.

tImgvkv 8: 508 ˛ Ie-Iƒ, A[ym-]ItPmen F∂n-h-bpsS ]T\w samØw

s{IUn‰v 4 (3+1)

tImgvkv cq]-I¸\

Cu tImgvkv Hcp hnZym¿∞n-bpsS Ie, Btcm-Kyw, A[ym-]I tPmen F∂o

hnj-b-ß-fn¬ Adnhv \¬Ip-∂p. F√m hn`m-K-ß-fnepw Hcp {]mY-anI hnZym-e-b-

Ønse A[ym-]nI Adnhv t\Sn-bn-cn-°-Ww. Hmtcm hn`m-K-Ønepw t\Sp∂ am¿°v

A[n-I-ambn hne-bn-cp-Ø-s∏-Spw.

1. Ie hnZym- ymkw

tImgvkns‚ e£yw

Iem-]-T-\-Øn-eqsS hnZym¿∞n-bpsS krjvSn-]-c-Xbv°v Ah-kcw e`n-°p-∂p.

Hcp hy‡n-bpsS krjvSn-]-c-amb Ign-hp-Iƒ hnI-kn-°m\pw, aqey-t_m-[hpw

\ΩpsS kwkvIm-c-sØbpw kaq-l-tØbpw Xncn-®-dnbm\pw, _lp-am-\n-°m\pw

Cu ]T\w klm-bn-°p-∂p. Ie-I-fn-eq-sS, Poh-X-Øn¬, ]eXpw krjvSn-°m\pw,

A`n-\-bn-°m\pw ]cn-Nbw e`n-°p-∂p. {]mY-an-I-hn-Zym-e-b-Ønse A[y-]-I¿

CØ-c-Øn-ep≈ Adn-hp-Iƒ t\Sp-Ibpw Iem-{]-h¿Ø-\-߃ \S-Øp-Ibpw

sNøp-∂Xv Ip´n-Iƒ°v D]-Imc{]-Z-am-Ipw. \√ Hcp Iem-]-T-\-Øn-eqsS

kuμ-cy-t_m-[-hpw, krjvSn-]-c-Xbpw A`n-\-b-]m-S-hhpw kn≤n-°p-∂p.

60

{]tXyI e£y-߃

A[ym-]-I-hn-Zym¿∞n Adn-tb≠ Imcy-߃

Iem-]-T-\-sØ-°p-dn®v a\- n-em-°p-I-bpw, Dƒs°m-≈pIbpw sNøp-I.

hnhn[ Xc-Øn-ep≈ Iem-cq-]-ßsf°pdn®v Adnhv t\Sp-I.

Hmtcm Ip´nbpw Iem-]-T-\-Øns‚ Bh-iy-I-X-sb-°p-dn-®v Adn-™n-cn-°-Ww.

hnhn[ Iem-cq-]-ß-fpsS kuμ-cym-fl-I-amb ImgvN-∏mSpw Iem-]-c-Xbpw

hnI-kn-∏n-°p-I.

hnhn[ Iem-cq-]-߃ {]mY-anI hnZym- ym-k-]-≤-Xn-bn¬ Dƒs∏-Sp-Ø-Ww.

tªm°v 1: Iem-]-T\w

bqWn‰v 1: Iem-]-T-\hpw Iebpw a\- n-em-°¬ (Xn-b-dn)

i. Iem-]-T-\-Øns‚ A¿∞hpw k¶-ev]hpw; Zriy\-S\ Iem-]-T\w {]mY-anI

hnZym-`ym-k-Øn¬.

ii. ssiihIe a\- n-em-°¬

iii. Iem-]-T-\-Øns‚ {]m[m\yw {]mY-aoI Xe-Øn¬

iv. hnZym- ym-k-Øn¬ {]mtZ-inI Ie-I-fp-sSbpw inev]-c-X-bp-sSbpw Bh-iy-I-X.

bqWn‰v 2: Zriy-I-e-Ifpw, inev]-I-e-I-fpw. ({]m-IvSn-°¬)

i. Zriy-I-e-I-fpsS ]co-£-W-߃ hyXy-kvX-co-Xn-bn¬ (s]≥kn¬, t]ì

Itf-gvkv, t]mÿ Itf-gvkv, t]\, ajn, Ifn-a-Æv) Ch-bpsS D]-tbm-Kw.

ii. Zriy-I-e-bpsS Bhn-jvImcw; Nn{X-c-N-\, tªm°v {]n‚nw-Kv, sImfmjv

ta°nw-Kv, ]mh-°q-Øv, apJw-aqSn \n¿Ωm-Ww, Ifn-a¨ Ie-Iƒ, t]∏¿ I´nwKv

iii. Hmtcm Iem-{]-{In-b-bp-tSbpw {]mtbm-KnIX ]cn-tim-[n®v kq£n-°-Ww.

bqWn‰v 3 -˛ A`n-\-b-Ie ({]m-tbm-Kn-Iw)

i. {]mtZ-in-I-I-e-I-fmb kwKo-Xw, \rØw, A`n-\-bw, ]mh-Ifn F∂nh

ImWp-I-bpw, \nco-£n-°p-Ibpw hnI-kn-∏n°pIbpw sNøp-I.

ii. CØcw Ie-I-fn¬ H∂v ]Tn-°p-Ibpw Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-Ibpw sNø-Ww.

iii. A[ym-]I hnZym¿∞n-bpsS Ah-X-c-W-Ønepw A`n-\-b-Øn\pw th≠n-bp≈

Bkq-{X-Ww.

iv. {]mtbm-KnI {]h¿Ø-\-߃ cPn-Ã-dn¬ kq£n-°-Ww.

61

bqWn‰v 4: {]mY-anI hnZym-`ym-k-Øn¬ Iem-]-T-\-Øns‚ Bkq-{X-Whpw

kwLm-S-\hpw

i. {]mY-anI Xe-Øn¬ Iem-]-cn-io-e-\-Øns‚ Bkq-{XWw ˛ {]h¿Ø-\-ßfpw

ka-b-{I-a-hpw.

ii. Iem-]-cn-io-e-\-Øns‚ kwLm-S\ hkvXp-°ƒ.

iii. {]mY-anIXe-Øn¬ Iem-]-cn-io-e-\-Øn-\p≈ kwLm-S-\hpw km[y-X-I-fpw.

bqWn‰v 5: Iem-]-T\ aqey-\n¿Æbw

i) Iem-]-T\ aqey-\n¿Æbw

ii) t]m¿´v t^mfntbm \n¿ΩmWw

iii) aqey-\n¿Æ-b-Øns‚ hyXykvX D]m-[n-Ifpw kmt¶-XnI hnZybpw

a\- n-em-°p∂p (\n-co-£W ]´n-I, s{]mP-IvSv) t]m¿´vt^m-fn-tbm,

sN°ven-Ãv, td‰nwKv kvtI¬, A\Iv tUm´¬ sdt°m¿Uv)

2. Btcm-Ky- ˛ Im-bnI hnZym- ymkw tImgvkns‚ e£yw

BtcmKy ImbnI hnZym- ymkw kv°qƒ hnZym- ym-k-Øns‚ F√m Xe-ß-fnepw

{][m\ ]¶p-h-ln-°p-∂p. kv°qƒX-e-Øn¬ as‰√m hnj-b-ßfpw hfsc

\√coXn-bn¬ ]ptcm-K-an-°p-∂-Xn\v henb ]¶m-Wp-≈-Xv. A[ym-]\ hnZym- ym-k-

Øn\v BtcmKy ImbnI hnZym-`ymkw AXym-h-iy-am-Wv. AXn-ep≈ Adnhv

t\Sm-\p≈ Ah-kcw Ah¿°v \¬tI-≠-Xp-≠v. A-[ym-]-I¿°pw hnZym¿∞n-I-fp-

tSbpw CS-bn¬- BtcmKy Pohn-X-co-Xn-Iƒ ]n¥p-S-cm≥ klm-bn-°p∂ Ign-hp-Iƒ

hf¿Øn-sb-Sp-t°≠Xp-≠v. BtcmKy ImbnI hnZym-`ymk {]h¿Ø-\-߃

]T\t\´Øn\v klm-b-I-am-Ip-∂p. sshIm-cnI ÿnc-X, a‰p-≈-h-cp-am-bp≈ \√

hy‡n-_‘w F∂nh hf¿Øm≥ CXv klm-bn-°p-∂p. A[ym-]\ ]cn-io-e-\-Øn¬

Imbn-I- -B-tcmKy hnZym- ym-k-Øn\v \s√mcp ]¶mWp≈-Xv.

62

{]tXyI e£y-߃

A[ym-]I hnZym¿∞n Adn-™n-cn-t°-≠h

i) BtcmKy ImbnI hnZym- ymkw \s√mcp ASn-Ød ]mIp-∂p.

i) kv°qfnse BtcmKy ]≤-Xn-sb-∏‰n Adn-bp-Ibpw ]cn-N-bn-°pbpw thWw.

kv°qƒ ]cn-ÿn-Xn-bpsS Btcm-Ky-Øn\v BtcmKy\n¿t±-i-ßfpw

Bh-iy-am-Wv.

iii) Ip´n-I-fpsS hy‡nXz hnI-k-\-Øn\v Bh-iy-amb Imcy-߃ Adn-b-Ww.

iv) Ip´n-I-fpsS hnI-k-t\m-∑p-J-amb {]h¿Ø-\-߃°v BtcmKy hnZym- ymk

t{]m{Km-ap-Iƒ ^e-{]-Z-ambn kwL-Sn-∏n°p-Ibpw \S-∏n-em-°p-Ibpw

sNø-Ww. (B-tcmKy sshIm-cn-I, am\-kn-I, kmaq-ln-I, Bflob Xew)

v) kv°qƒ Ip´n-Iƒ°p-th≠n tbmK-bpsS {]m[m\yw a\- n-em-°p-Ibpw

Adnhpw Ignhpw h¿≤n-∏n-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈ tbmK hnZym- ymkw \¬Ip-Ibpw

thWw.

63

{]h¿Ø-\-{Iaw 9: 509 {]mY-anI Xe-Øn¬ kmaq-lnI imkv{X-Øns‚ ]T\w

F. BapJw

kmaq-lnI imkv{X-Øns‚/kmaq-lnI hnj-b-Øns‚ Bi-b-߃ Ah-bpsS

kz`m-hw, e£yw F∂n-h-sb-∏-‰n-bp≈ Nne [mc-W-Isf ASn-ÿm-\-am-°n-bn-cn-°p-∂p.

Chsb kzm`m-hnIambpw \n¿±n-jvT-]-c-ambpw ]cn-K-Wn-°p-∂-Xn\v ]Icw

{]h¿Ø-\-{Iaw Cu hnj-b-ß-sf-°p-dn®v A[ym-]-I- -hn-Zym¿Yn°v Hcp hyXykvX

ho£Ww Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-∂p.

hyXy-kvX ]mTy-]-≤-Xn, ]mT-]-≤-Xn, ]mT]pkvX-I-߃ F∂nh {]Xn- -en-∏n-°p∂

hnj-b-Øns‚ [mc-W-sb-°p-dn®pw hyXykvX ho£-W-ß-sf-°p-dn®pw Ch

]cn-tim-[n-°p-∂p. ka-bw, ÿew, i‡n, LS-\, ÿm]-\-߃, {]{In-b-Iƒ,

_‘-߃ F∂nh ]cm-a¿in-°p∂ \ap°v Np‰p-ap≈ kmaq-lnI bmYm¿∞ysØ

°pdn®pw kaq-l-sØ-°p-dn®pw hna¿i-\-]-c-ambn a\- n-em-°p-∂-Xn\v Fßns\

kmaq-lnI imkv{X-Øn\v Ign-hp-Iƒ hnI-kn-∏n-°m-sa∂v CXv Bcm-bp-Ibpw

\n¿t±-in-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p.

_n. e£y-߃

Cu {]h¿Ø{Iaw ]Tn-Xm-hns\ klm-bn-°p-∂Xv Xmsg ]d-bp∂ coXn-I-fn-em-Wv.

Ncn-{Xw, `qan-im-kv{Xw, cmjv{Saoamw-k, kmº-Øn-I-imkv{Xw F∂o hnj-b-߃

]Tn-°p-∂Xv hgn \Ωƒ Pohn-°p∂ kaq-l-sØ-°p-dn®v hna¿i-\-]-c-ambn

a\- n-em-°p-hm\pw hni-I-e\w \S-Øp-hm-\p-ap≈ Adnhpw hI-kn-∏n-°p-∂p.

hkvXp-X-Iƒ tiJ-cn-°p-hm\pw hymJym-\n-°p-hm\pw hni-I-e\w sNøm-\p≈

ss\]p-Wn-Iƒ D≠m-°p-∂p.

kmaq-ly-imkv{X kv°qƒ ]mTy-]-≤-Xn, ]mT-]-≤-Xn, ]mT-]p-kvX-I-߃

F∂n-hsb hna¿i-\m-fl-I-ambn hni-I-e\w sNøp-∂p.

hyXy-kvX-t_m-[-\-hnZy a\- n-em-°p-Ibpw D]-tbm-Kn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p,

kmaq-lnI {]Xn- m-k-ß-sf-°p-dn®v At\z-jn-°p-∂-Xn\pw Ah-cpsS Ign-hp-Iƒ

hnI-kn∏n°p∂-Xn-\p≈ Pn⁄mk hf¿Øp Xc-Øn¬ ]mTy-]-≤-Xn-sb-

hnh-cn-°p-∂p, CXv hna¿i-\-]-chpw,Nn-¥m-]-c-hp-amb coXn-bn¬, \ne-hn-ep≈

kaq-lw, AXne ÿm]-\-߃, A\p-jvSm-\-߃ F∂nh-bn¬ {]Xn- -en-°p-Ibpw

sNøp-∂p.

am\p-jn-Ihpw `c-W-L-S-\m-]-c-hp-amb aqey-ß-fmb kzmX{¥yw, ka-Xzw, aoXn

F∂nh Db¿Øn-∏n-Sn-°p-hm\pw sshhn-[y-ßsf _lp-am-\n-°p-∂-Xn\pw Cu

aqey-߃°v oj-Wn-bm-Ip∂ kmaq-lnI i‡n-Isf sh√p-hn-fn-°p-∂-Xn-\p-ap≈

Ign-hp-Iƒ hnI-kn-∏n-°p-∂p.

64

kn. Ncn{Xw

Ncn-{Xw, `qan-im-kv{Xw- cmjv{Saowamk, kmº-Øn-I-im-kv{Xw-. kmaq-ln-I-im-kv{Xw

F∂n-h-bpsS kzm`m-h-sØ-°p-dn-®p≈ hyXykvX ho£-W-߃ Cu {]h¿Ø-\-

sØ-°p-dn-®p≈ hyXykvX ho£-W-߃ Cu {]h¿Ø-\-{I-a-Øns‚ ASn-ÿm\w

cq]-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p. CXn¬ \n∂pw a\- n-em-°p-∂Xv Cu hnjbw hyXykvX

coXn-bn¬ Bhn-jv°-cn-°m-hp-∂Xpw CXns‚ e£yw Ncn-{X-]-chpw kmaq-ln-I-hp-am-Wv.

]mT-]p-kvX-I-ß-fpsSbpw ]mTy-]≤-Xn-bp-sSbpw hni-I-e\w hnZym¿∞n-I-sf-°p-dn-®p≈

hyXykvX ho£-W-Mvlƒ Fßn-s\- Cu {]am-W-ß-f-bpw t_m[-\-hnZy

D]-I-c-W-ß-sf-bp-w cq]-s∏-Sp-Øp-sa∂p-w Fßs\ Ch ]T-\-ap-dn-I-fn¬ Bhn-jv°-cn-

°m-sa∂pw klm-bn-°p-∂p.

tªm°v 1 : Hcp hnj-b-sa∂ \ne-bn¬ kmaq-lnI imkv{X-ßf a\- n-em-°¬

bqWn‰v 1 : kmaq-lnI imkv{X-ß-fpsS kz`mhw

kmaq-lnI imkv{X-߃ : ]cn-Wm-ahpw Bi-b-h¬°-c-Whpw

kmaq-ln-I-im-kv{X-߃ : ]ucm-WnIw ap-X¬

kaq-l-Øn‚ C∂sØ Ahÿ

kmaq-ln-I-im-kv{X-Øns‚ LS-I-߃ : `c-W-hy-h-ÿ, kwkv°m-cw, kmº-ØnIw

kmaq-lnI imkv{X-ß-fpsS AJ-WvU-Xbpw At\ym-\y-ho-£-Whpw

bqWn‰v 2 : kv°qƒ ]mTy-]-≤-Xn-bnse kmaq-lnI imkv{X-߃

Cu bqWn-‰ns‚ {][m-\e£yw kmaq-lnI imkv{X-]m-Ty-]-≤-Xn-bpsS ]cn-Wm-asØ

kzm[o-\n-°p∂ i‡n-Isf ]cn-tim-[n-°-emWv. CXv kmaq-ln-I-im-kv{X-

]m-Ty-]-≤-Xn-bpsS amdn-s°m-≠n-cn-°p∂ e£y-Øn-te°v \bn-°p-∂p.

tIc-f-Ønse amlmflyw, tZio-b-K-Xy-¥cw (46)

kzmX-{¥y-e-_v[ym-\-¥c kmaq-ln-I-im-kv{X-]m-Ty-]-≤-Xn-°-IsØ hmZ-{]-Xn-hm-Zw.

tZiob AJ-WvU-X-bpw, A¥m-cmjv{Sm [mc-W-bpw.

h¿Ko-b-X, atX-X-c-Xzw, Iogm-f-]-£-ho-£Ww F∂nhbpsS hmZ-{]-Xn-hm-Zw.

enwK-]-c-X, PmXn, tKm{Xw Ch-bn¬\n-∂p≈ ho£-W-߃.

kmaq-ln-I-imkv{X ]mTy-]-≤-Xn-bne A¥m-cm-jv{S-ho-£Ww (bp-s\kvtIm,

Z£n-Wm-{^n-°-bnse kmaq-ln-I-im-kv{X-]m-Ty-]-≤-Xn°v DZm-l-c-Ww).

65

C∂sØ tZio-b-Nn-¥bpw kmaq-ln-I-im-kv{X-]m-Ty-]-≤-Xnsb kw_-‘n®

]cn-io-e-\hpw

tªm°v 11 . kmaq-ln-I-im-kv{X-hn-jb-ßfpw Bi-b-ßfpw

bqWn‰v 3 : Ncn{Xw

{]mY-an-I-L- -Ønse Ncn-{X-Øns‚ kmam-\y-⁄m-\w, Ncn-{X-Øns‚ D≈-S-°w.

Ncn-{X-Øn¬ kmaq-lnIimkv{X-⁄≥am¿ kzoI-cn-°p∂ coXn-Iƒ

kmaq-lnI imkv{X-]m-Ty-]-≤-Xn-bpsS `mK-sa∂ \ne-bn¬ Ncn-{X-Øns‚

{][m-\yw.

amXr-I-]m-T-]-≤Xn

bqWn‰v 4 : `qan-imkv{Xw

{]mY-an-I-L- -Øn¬ qan-im-kv{X-Øns‚ kmam-\y-Pm-Rm-\w, qan-im-kv{X-Øns‚

D≈-S-°w.

`qan-im-kv{X-Øn¬ kmaq-lnI imkv{X-⁄≥am¿ kzoI-cn°p∂ coXn-Iƒ.

kmaq-ln-I-im-kv{X-]mTy -]-≤-Xn-bpsS `mK-sa∂ \ne-bn¬ `qan-im-kv{X-Øns‚

{]m[m-\yw.

amXr-Im-]-≤Xn

bqWn‰v 5 : cmjv{So-b-ao-amwk/kmº-Øn-I-imkv{Xw/kmaq-ln-I-imkv{Xw

F∂n-h-bpsS ]c-kv]-c-_-‘-hn-j-b-sa∂ \ne-bn¬ kmaq-ln-Ihpw cmjv{So-b-hp-amb

Pohn-Xw.

{]mY-an-I-L- -Øn¬ kmaq-ln-I-im-kv{X-Ønse kmaq-lnIhpw cmjv{So-b-hp-amb

Pohn-X-Øns‚ D≈-S-°w.

cmjv{S-ao-amw-k, kmº-Øn-I-im-kv{Xw, kmaq-ln-I-imkv{Xw F∂o hnj-b-ß-fn¬

kmaq-lnI imkv{X-⁄≥am¿ kzoI-cn-°p∂ coXn-Iƒ

kmaq-lnI imkv{X-]m-Ty-]-≤-Xn-bpsS `mK-sa-∂-\n-e-bn¬ cmjv{S-ao-amw-k,

kmº-Øn-I-im-kv{Xw, kmaq-ln-I-imkv{Xw F∂n-h-bpsS {][m\yw

amXrI ]mT-]-≤Xn

66

tªm°v 3: kmaq-ln-I-im-kv{X-ß-fpsS t_m-[-\-hn-Zy-bnse {]iv\-߃

bqWn‰v 6 : ]Tn-Xm-hn-s‚ kz`m-h-hhpw {]mtZ-inI kμ¿ -Øn-s‚bpw [mcW

hyXykvX kmaq-lnI kμ-¿`w

Ip´n-Iƒ Fßns\ kmaq-lnI imkv{X {]iv\-߃ a\- n-em-°p-∂p.

{]mbw, kmaq-ln-I-˛kmwkvImcn-I-k-μ¿`w Ch-bpsS ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬

a[y/A∏¿ {]mY-anI ¢m p-I-fnse Ip´n-Ifnse [mc-Wm-hn-I-khpw Bib

cq]o-I-c-W-hpw, ]mTy-]-≤°pw t_m[-hn-Zy°pw th≠n Cu LS-I-ß-fpsS

{]m[m\yw Bi-b-ßiv a\- n-em-°p-∂-Xn¬ Ip´n-bpsS tIkv ]T-\w, Xp´n-Iƒ,

kmaq-ln-I-imkv{X Adn-hns‚ cq]o-I-cWw ¢m vap-dn-bnse {]h¿Ø-\-hpw.

bqWn‰v 7 : A[ym-]\ ˛ ]T\ X{¥-߃

A[ym-]\ coXn-Iƒ/I≠p-]n-Sn-Ø-co-Xn, t{]mPIvSv coXn, hnh-c-W-Øns‚ D]tbmKw,

Xmc-X-ayw, \nco-£-Ww, kmaq-ln-I-im-kv{X-Ønse kw`m-j-Whpw N¿®-bpw,

hkm-Xp-X-bpsS Bi-bw, hyXykvX kmaq-ln-I-im-kv{X-hn-j-b-ß-fnse CXns‚

Dd-hn-Shpw sXfn-hpw, hkvXp-Xbpw A`n-{]m-bhpw XΩn-ep≈ hyXym-kw, ap≥hn[n-

Isf Xncn-®-dn-b¬, hna¿i-Nn-¥°pw {]h¿Ø-\-{I-a-ß-L-S-\-°p-ap≈ hy‡n-]c/

A\p- -h-⁄m-\-Øns‚ D]-tbm-Kw. (]-e-hn[ hn -h-ßfpw DZm-l-c-W-ßfpw sIm≠v

Hmtcm coXnbpw hni-Zo-I-cn-°p-∂-Xm-Wv.)

bqWn‰v 8 : ]T-\-hn- -h-߃ : Bi-bw, Bh-iy-I-Xbpw {][m-\yhpw

]T-\-hn- -h-co-Xn-Iƒ : dnbm-en-bhpw Utbm-c-a-bpw, `q]-S-hpw-t•m-_pw, tamU-ep-Iƒ,

{Km^p-Iƒ, Nm¿´p-Iƒ, Im¿´q-Wp-Iƒ, ssSwsse-_p-Iƒ, ]pkvXI-߃, ]{X-߃,

`mK-߃, kn\n-a-Iƒ, C‚¿s\-‰v, ]T-\-hn-`-h-ß-fpsS hnI-k-\w, ]T-\-hn-`-h-ß-fpsS

ssIIm-cyw.

bqWn‰v 9: ae-bmfw

{]h¿Ø\ {Iaw : 510 A∏¿ ss{]adnXe-Ønse ]T-\-imkv{Xw

F. BapJw

imkv{Xob coXn-bn¬, \nco-£Ww amXr-Iƒ°p-th-≠n-bp≈ \nco-£-Ww,

Duln-°¬, ]co-£-W-ß-fn-eqsS aqeyw ]cn-tim-[n-°p-I, F∂nh Dƒs∏-Sp-∂p.

AXn-eqsS `uXoI temIsØ \bn-°p∂ XXz-ß-fn¬ kn≤m-¥-ß-fn-epw,

\nb-a-ß-fnepw FØnt®cp-Ibpw sNøp-∂p.

_n. e£y-߃

Cu hn`mKw Xmsg-∏-d-bp∂ e£y-ß-fn¬ Du∂¬ \¬In-s°m≠v {]mY-anI

Xe-Ønse imkv{X-hn-Zym- ym-k-Øns‚ KpWw sa®-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂Xv e£yw shbv°p∂p.

67

temIsØ°pdn®v Ip´n-°p≈ kzm`m-hnI Pn⁄m-k-bpsS kz`m-hw.

\nXy-Po-hn-X-Ønse A\p- -h-Øn¬ \n∂v F¥v Adn-™p-sh∂v ]cn-K-Wn-°p-I.

Ip´n Is≠-ج {]h¿Ø-\-Øn¬ G¿s∏-´n -´pt≠m AY-hm, efnX

kmt¶-Xn-I- L-S-I-߃ \n¿Ωn-°p-∂-Xn¬ {]h¿Øn-®n- pt≠m?

Ft∏mgpw tNmZy-߃ tNmZn-°pI : Ahn-a¿i-\-]-ca hmZ-߃ kmho-I-cn-°-cp-Xv.

AX-\p-k-cn®v A[ym-]\ hnZym-`ym-k-{]-h¿Ø-\-I-b3aw XpS¿∂p-h-cp∂

e£y-߃°p-Np‰pw {]h¿Øn-°p-sa∂v e£yw shbv°p-∂p.

Ip´n-Iƒ imkv{X-Ønse Ah-cp-tS-Xmb ⁄\-[m-cW ]p\¿kμ¿i-n°p∂Xv

t{]m’m-ln-∏n-°p-I.

imkv{X-Øns‚ skzs -h-Øns‚ aWvUeß-fp-ambn hnZym¿∞n-Iƒ G¿s∏-Sp-∂-Xn-\v.

⁄m\-hn-I-k-\-hp-ambn _‘-s∏´ Ip´n-I-fpsS B-i-b-߃°pw, imkv{Xob

Bi-b-ß-tfm-Sp-ap≈ Ip n-I-fpsS [mc-W-sbbpw a\- n-em-°p-∂-Xn\v hnZym¿∞n-Isf

klm-bn-°p-∂p.

icn-bmb A[ym-]\ ˛ ]T-\-co-Xn-Ifpw aqey-\n¿Æ-b-co-Xn-I≠pw sXc-s™Sp-

°p-∂-Xn\pw D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂-Xn\pw hnZym¿∞n-Isf klm-bn-°p-∂p.

B kIe P\m-[n-]Xy kwcw- -sa∂ \ne-bn¬ imkv{XsØ ho£n-°p-∂-Xn\v

hnZym¿∞n-If klm-bn-°p-∂p.

kn. coXn-imkv{Xw

e`y -amb t{kmX- p -Iƒ ]Tn -°p -∂-Xn -\ v , efn -X -amb {]h¿Ø-\-ßfpw

]co-£-W-ßfpw \S-Øp-∂-Xn -\v, \nco -£-W-߃ tcJ-s∏-Sp -Øp-∂-Xn -\v,

A[ym-]-Icpw kl-{]-h¿Ø-I-cp-ambn N¿®-Iƒ sNøp-∂-Xn-\v, tNmZy-ß-fn¬ Ah¿

Fßns\ FØn-t®-c-W-sa-∂pw, At\z,Ww \S-Øp-∂-Xn\v F¥psIm≠v Nne

hgn-Iƒ sXc-s™-Sp-°-W-sa∂pw A[ym-]-I¿ hnZym¿∞n-Iƒ°v Ffp-∏-am°n

sImSp-°p-∂p.-Xm-sg-]-d-bp-∂h Fßns\ \S-Ø-W-sa∂v ]cn-io-e-I¿ Ffp-∏-am-°p-∂p.

At\z-j-W-Ø\v hyXykvX hgn-Iƒ, sNdnb ]co-£-W-߃ \S-Øp∂

hyXykvX a’c At\z-j-W-ßfpw \S-Øp-I.

imkv{X-ayqkn-b-߃, ^o¬Uv{Sn-∏v, t{]mP-IvSdp-Iƒ, {]Z¿i-\w.

t]∏¿ s]≥kn¬ ]co-£-Iƒ°p≈ A\p-tbmPyamb tNmZy-߃ Dƒs∏´

hyXykvX aqey-\n¿Æ-b-co-Xn-Iƒ hnI-kn-∏n-°p-I.

Bi-b- q-]-Sßsf ASn-ÿm-\-am°n bqWn‰v ]≤-Xn-Iƒ Xøm-dm-°p-I.

{]k-‡n-bpsS ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ ]pkvX-I-߃, ^nen-ap-Iƒ, aƒ´n-ao-Unb

]≤-Xn-Iƒt]mse-bp≈ A[ym-]\ ˛ ]T-\-km-a-{Kn-Iƒ hne-bn-cp-Øp-I.

68

tªm°v 1 : imkv{Xw a\- n-em-°¬

bqWn‰v 1 : imkv{X-Øns‚ kz`mhw

Ncn-{Xhpw imkv{X-X-Xz-Nn-¥bpw {]mNo-\, a[y, B[p-\nI Ime-L- w, imkv{X-

X-Xz-Nn¥

F¥mWv imkv{Xw \n¿Δ-N-\hpw s]mXpkhn-ti-j-X-I-fpw, imkv{X-kz- m-hw,

imkv{X-Øn-s‚ {]{Inb

imkv{Xob Adnhv ˛ km[y-Xm-kn-≤m¥w, hkvXp-X, {]Ir-Xn-\n-b-aw, sXfnhpw

A\p-I-c-Wo-b-am-Xr-Ibpw ˛ A\p-tab ˛ \nK-a\ coXn-Iƒ Dƒs∏-Sp-∂-Xv.

imkv{Xob Nn¥ ˛ A\p- h sXfnhpw {]mtbm-Kn-I-bp-‡n-bp-sSbpw D]-tbmKw

˛ \n¿±njvS Adn-hn-s\-°p-dn-®p≈ kvt\l-k-ao-]-\w.

imkv{Xob coXn-Iƒ -- ˛ F¥mWv imkv{Xo-b-coXn ˛ imkv{Xo-b-co-Xn-bn-sebpw

kao-]-\-Øn-sebpw L´ßƒ

bqWn‰v 2 : imkv{Xob At\z-jWw

imkv{Xob At\z-jW Bi-bw, imkv{Xob cq]-߃ ˛

imkv{Xob At\z-jW ss\]p-Wn-I-fpsS {]{Inb:

imkv{Xob{]{In-b-bn¬ ]Tn-Xmhv G¿s∏-S¬

˛ At\z-j-W-߃-°p-th≠n tNmZy-߃ Db¿Øp-I.

˛ \n¿t±-i-߃ e`n-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈ km[yXm kn≤m¥w

˛ \nco-£-W-߃°p-th-≠n-bp≈ \n¿t±-i-߃ e`n-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈ {]hN\w

˛ hkvXp-X-Iƒ tiJ-cn-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈ \nco-£Ww

˛ amXr-I-Ifpw _‘hpw At\z-jn-°pI

˛ At\z-jW Bkq-{X-Whpw Btem-N-\bpw

˛ D]-I-c-W-߃ cq]-s∏-Sp-Øp-Ibpw \n¿Ωn-°p-Ibpw

˛ Af-°p-Ibpw IW-°p-Iq- p-Ibpw

˛ ]s¶-Sp-°epw hn\n-a-bhpw

˛ Bfl-km-£m¬°m-chpw kzbw-{]-Xn- -\hpw

˛ hy‡n-Po-hn-X-Ønse At\z-j-Ww.

69

bqWn‰v 3 : imkv{X- A-[ym-]-\-Ønse hyXykvX kao-]-\-߃

˛ A[ym-]-\-coXn imkv{Xw

˛ DZm-l-c-W-ß-tfm-Sp-Iq-Snb hyXykvX kao-]-\-߃ : ssIam‰ kao-]-\w, {]{Inb/

At\zj-W-k-ao-]-\w, I≠p-]n-SnØ kao-]\

bqWn‰v 4. {]mtbm-Kn-I-amb ]cn-⁄m\w : ]¶pw {]m[m-\yhpw

˛ Ip´n-I-fpsS ]T-\-Ønse BZym-\p- -h-ß-fpsS ]¶v

˛ At\z-j-W-co-Xn-Iƒ : ¢m nepw hnZym-e-b-Øn\v ]pdØpw

˛ {]mtbm-KnI {]h¿Ø-\-߃ kwL-Sn-∏n-°¬

˛ kpc-£m-co-Xn-Iƒ ˛ kv°qfn\v AIØpw ]pdØpw

tªm°v 2 : imkv{X-]-T-\-Øns‚ Afhpw ssIIm-cyhpw

bqWn‰v 5: A∏¿ ss{]a-dn-X-e-Ønse imkv{X-hn-Zym- ymk Bkq-{X-Whpw ssIIm-cyhpw

˛ Bkq-{X-W-Ønse Ah-tem-I\w

˛ imkv{X-Ønse Bkq-{X-Whpw ]mTy-]-≤Xn Dƒs∏-Sepw

˛ ]e-hn[ hn`-h-ß-fpsS Xncn -®-dn -bepw D]-tbmKw: kv°qƒX-e-Øn¬,

{]mtZ-in-I-X-e-Øn¬, hnZym-Xn-O‡n A√m-ØXpw hnZyp-Xv—-‡n-]-c-hp-amb

Dd-hn-S-߃.

˛ hnhca-dn-bn-°p-Ibpw tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øp-Ibpw

bqWn‰v 6 : hne-bn-cp-Øepw aqey-\n¿Æ-bhpw _‘-s∏´ {]iv\-߃

˛ hne-bn-cp-ج : F¥v, Fßn-s\, F¥p-sIm≠v ˛ aqey-\n¿Wb Bibw,

e£y-ßfpw sshZ-Kv[y-hpw, aqey-\n¿Æ-b-co-Xn-Iƒ, B`y-¥c hne-bn-cp-ج

˛ imkv{X-Ønse \nc-¥c, ka-{K-aq-ey-\n¿Æbw

˛ imkv{X-]-T-\-Øn¬ klm-bn-°p-∂-Xn\v \n¿Æ-b-ß-fpsS D]-tbmKw ˛ ISpØ

kw -h-߃ Xncn-®-dn-b¬, ]cn-lm-c-]-T\w \S-ج

˛ Ah-t_m-[, sshIm-cn-I, a\-›m-eI aWvU-e-ß-fpsS aqey-\n¿Æ-bw.

˛ Ip´n -I-fpsS Bi-b-߃, ss\]p-Wn-Iƒ, kao-]-\-߃ F∂n-h-bpsS

LS\m-hn-e-bn-cp-ج.

70

bqWn‰v 7 ˛ imkv{X A[ym-]-\-Ønse sh√p-hn-fn-Ifpw {]iv\-ßfpw

˛ imkv{Xw F√m-h¿°pw th≠n

˛ hyXykvX Ign-hp-I-fpsS A[ym-]\w

˛ imkv{X-Øn-tebpw imkv{X A[ym-]-\-Øn-tebpw t\´w Adn-bp-I.

{]mtbm-KnI {]h¿Ø-\-{I-a-߃°p≈ N -°qSv

{]mtbm-KnI {]h¿Ø-\-{Iaw - 1 : 511 kv°qƒ A[n-jvTnX

{]h¿Ø-\-߃ (SBA)

H∂mw h¿jw : aq∂v `mK-ß-fmbn Xncn® \mev s{IUn-‰p-I-fpsS kv°qƒ

A[n-jvTnX {]h¿Ø-\-߃

Hcp kv°qƒ Ip´n-bpsS tIkv ÃUn

tcJ-I-fp-sSbpw cPn-Ã-dn-s‚bpw kq£n-°¬

kv°qƒ ]cn-]m-Sn-I-fpsS kw`m-h\

{]mtbm-KnI {]h¿Ø-\-{Iaw - 2 : 512 inev]-ime ˛ 1

(in-ev]-ime A[n-jvTnX {]h¿Ø-\-߃)

H∂mw h¿jw : \mev s{IUn-‰p-I-fpsS in¬]-ime A[n-jvTnX {]h¿Ø-\-ß-fn¬

112 Znh-ksØ inev]-im-e-bn¬ ]e-X-c-Øn-ep≈ {]h¿Ø-\-߃ Dƒs°m-≈p-∂p.

`mj, IW-°v, ]cn-ÿn-Xn-im-kv{Xw, imkv{Xw, kmaq-ln-I-imkv{Xw F∂n-h-bpsS

A[ym-b-]-≤-Xn-Iƒ Xøm-dm-°¬

aq∂v hnj-b-߃°v A[ym-]\ ˛ ]T\ kma-{Kn-Iƒ Xøm-dm-°¬

aqey-\n¿Æ-b-Øn\v ASn-ÿm-\-am°n GsX-¶n-ep-samcp hnj-b-Ønse hIp-∏ns‚

hnI-k-\w.

cq]-tc-J-bp-sSbpw cN-\-bp-sSbpw ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ Ah-ti-jn-°p∂

tNmZy-t]-∏-dp-Iƒ Xøm-dm-°¬.

A[ym-b-ß-fpsS \nco-£-Whpw {]Z¿i-\-hpw.

aqey-\n¿Æ-b-{]-{In-b-I-fn¬ ]s¶-Sp-°¬

71

513 in¬∏-ime 1 (in¬∏-ime A[n-jvTnX {]h¿Ø-\-߃)

c≠mw-h¿jw: \mev s{IUn-‰p-I-fpsS c≠mw-h¿j-Ønse in¬∏-ime A[n-jvTnX

{]h¿Ø-\-ß-fn¬ 12 Znh-ksØ in¬∏-im-e-bn¬ ]e-hn[

{]h¿Ø-\-߃ Dƒs°m-≈p-∂p.

GsX-¶nepw c≠v hnj-b-Øn¬ km¶¬∏nI `q] -IS cN\- `mj,

KWn-X-im-kv{Xw, ]cn-ÿn-Xn-im-kv{Xw, imkv{Xw, kmaq-ln-I-im-kv{Xw.

Ie, `uXn-I-˛-B-tcm-Ky-˛-{]-h¿Ø\ hnZym-`ym-k-Ønse \S-\w.

ssSwtS-_nƒ / hm¿jnI {]h¿Ø\ Ie-≠¿ ˛ Ch-bnse hni-I-e-\w.

hnZym-e-b-˛-k-aq-Zm-b-_‘w

skan-\m¿ Ah-X-c-Ww.

aqey-\n¿Æ-b-{]-{In-b-I-fn¬ ]s¶-Sp-°¬.

{]mtbm-KnI {]h¿Ø-\-{Iaw 3:514

{]mtbm-KnI A[ym-]\w

({]mIvSokv A[ym-]\w ˛ ]nSn)

c≠mw-h¿jw: {]mtbm-KnI A[ym-]-\w, 8 s{IUn-‰p-I-fn-em-Wv. Hcp A[ym-]\

]cn-io-e-I\v \mev hni-b-ß-fn¬ Hmtcm-∂n\pw 10 {]mtbm-KnI

A[ym-b-߃ \¬tI-≠-Xp≠v (`m-j, KWn-X-im-kv{Xw, ]cn-ÿn-Xn-

]-T-\w. imkv{Xw/kmaq-ln-I-im-kv{Xw) Ah¿°v Hcp am¿§-Z¿in-

tbbpw ta¬t\m- -°m-c-s\bpw \¬Ipw (kvIq-fnse Hcp apXn¿∂

A[ym-]-I≥)

Ahsc Xmsg-∏-d-bp∂ aqey-\n¿Æb am\-Z-WvU-a-\p-k-cn®v aqey-\n¿Æbw \S-Øpw.

A≤ymb ]≤Xn

hnjb {]m]vXn

A[ym-]I am¿§-Z¿in

A[ym-b-Ønepw AXns‚ ssIIm-cy-Ønepw Ip´n-bpsS ]¶m-fn-Øw.

hnZym¿∞n aqey-\n¿Æ-bw.

kvIqƒta-[m-hnbpsS {]tbmK A[ym-]-\-{]-{In-b-bpsS aqey-\n¿Æ-bw.

72

8. {]h¿Ø-\-{Iaw Xøm-dm-°¬

]T-\ -km -a - {Kn -Iƒ Xøm-dm -°p -∂-Xv , cmPyw apgp -h -\p≈ hyXykvX

k¿Δ-I-em-im-e-I-fn-se-bpw, sshZKv[y kwL-S-\-Iƒ/ÿm]-\-ß-fn-sebpw

AXp-t]mse Km¿lnI A≤y-b\ hn`m-K-Øn-se-bpw hnZ-Kv≤-cmb Hcp kwL-am-Wv.

Cu kma-{Kn-Iƒ A[ym-]-I-cp-sSbpw bqWn‰v cq]-I¬∏\ \S-Øp-∂-h-cp-tSbpw

ta¬t\m-´-Øn-ep≈ D≈-S° hnZ-Kv[¿ kq£vam-h-tem-I\w sa®-s∏-Sp-∂p,

am{X-hp-a√ A®-Sn-°p-∂-Xn\v ap≥]mbn F≥.-sF.Hm.F-knse `mjm-hn-Z-Kv[¿

Nn -s∏-Sp-Øp-Ibpw sNøp-∂p.

9. s{IUn‰v k{º-Zmbw

Cu ]≤-Xn-°p-th≠n ÿm]\w s{IUn‰v k{º-Zm-b-amWv ]n¥p-S-cp-∂-Xv. F√m-

]-T-\-{]-{In-b-Ifpw Dƒs°m-≈p∂ ]T-\-Øns‚ 30 aWn-°q-dmWv Hmtcm

s{IUn-‰pw. DZm-l-c-W-ambn Hcp 4 s{IUn‰v {]h¿Ø-\-{I-a-Øn\v 120 ]T\

aWn-°q-dp-IfmWv D≈-Xv. s{IUn-‰ns‚ ASn-ÿm-\-Øn-em-Wv {]h¿Ø-\-{I-a-

Øns‚ shbn-t‰Pv tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xv. CXv Hcp {]h¿Ø-\-{Iaw hnP-b-I-c-ambn

]q¿Øo-I-cn-°p-∂-Xn\v Ah-cpsS ]T-\-{i-a-߃ a\- n-em-°m≥ ]Tn-Xm-hns\

klm-bn-°p-∂p. ]T-\-]-≤-Xn-bpsS ]q¿Øo-I-c-W-Øn\v Hmtcm {]h¿Ø\{Ia-Ønepw

Assk≥sa‚p-Ipfw h¿jm-h-km-\-]-co-£-Ifpw apgp-h-\m-t°-≠Xv Bh-iy-am-Wv.

10. ]n≥Xm-߬ k{º-Zmbw (k-t∏m¿´v k{º-Zm-bw)

]Tn-Xm-hn\v hy‡n-]-c-amb ]n¥p-W \¬Ip-∂-Xn\v th≠n ÿm]\w/

cmjv{S-Øn\v [mcmfw ]T-\-tI-{μ-ß-fp-≠v. Ch-bpsS kwLm-S-I≥ cmjv{Sw

Xs∂-bm-Wv. ]T-\-tI-{μ-ß-fn¬ sh®v, ]Tn-Xm-hv, ]T-\-tI-{μ-kw-Lm-S-I≥, in¬∏-

ime kwLm-S-I≥, kl-]-T-\-tI-{μw, hn -h-hy-‡n, am¿§-Z¿in. ta¬t\m- -I≥,

kam-\-cmb Bfp-Iƒ- -C-h-cp-ambn CS-]-g-Ip-∂p. hmb-\-im-e-bn¬ ]pkvX-I-߃

]cm-am¿in-°p-∂p. ]T\kw_-‘-amb hnj-b-߃°v kwLm-S-I-cp-ambn

_‘-s∏-Sp-∂p. ]n≥Xm-߬ k{º-Zmbw {]h¿Ø-\-tI-{μ-ß-fn-eq-sSbpw ]cn-]mSn

tI{μ-ß-fn-eq-sS-bp-amWv \¬Ip-∂-Xv.

11. I¿Ω-]-cn-]mSn {]Zm-\-X-{¥-߃

Xpd-∂-hn-Zym-`ymk k{º-Zm-b-Ønse in£-W-k-{º-Zm-b-Øn\v Hcp henb

{]m[m-\y-ap-≠v. CXv Xpd∂ hnZym- ym-ksØ A¿∞-]q¿Æhpw Imcy-£-ahpw

Xm¬∏-cyhpw Df-hm-°p-∂-Xm-Wv. Xmsg-∏-d-bp∂ in£W k{º-Zm-b-ß-fmWv Cu

I¿Ω-]-cn-]m-Sn°v kzoI-cn-°p-∂-Xv.

73

1. ImX¬ (-tIm¿)

kzbw in£Ww/A®Sn kma-{Kn-Iƒ

tIkv ]T-\-߃, s{]mPIvSv {]h¿Ø-\-߃

t]m¿´vt^m-fntbm Xøm-dm-°¬ t]mep≈ Assk≥sa‚ v

in¬∏-ime kwL-Sn-∏n-°p-∂-Xn-eq-sS-bp≈ hnh-c-߃ \nt£-]n-°p-∂p.

]cn-io-e\ A[ymb-ß-fpsS hnt£-]-Ww.

{]mtbm-Kn-I-k-lm-b-{KŸw (]n.-kn.-]n., kvIqƒ A[n-jvTnX {]h¿Ø-\-߃,

in¬∏-ime A[n-jvTnX {]h¿Ø-\-߃)

2. A\p-_‘w

HmUn-tbm/hoUntbm kma-{Kn-Iƒ

sSen-tIm¨ -d≥kn-eqsS A[ym-{]- m-j-Ww.

]mc-kv]cy tdUntbm Iu¨kn-enwKv

samss_-en-eq-sS-bp≈ hnh-c-\n-t£-]-Ww.

12. A®Sn kma-{Kn-Iƒ

kn≤m¥ -{]m-h¿ØnI {]h¿Ø-\-{I-a-\-Øn-\p-th-≠n-bp-≈ ]T-\-km-a-{Kn-I-fmWv

A®-Sn-km-a-{Kn-Iƒ. tªm°p-I-fpsS cq]-Øn¬ Ch hnZym¿∞n-Iƒ°v \¬Ip-∂p.

Hmtcm tªm°nepw 2˛4 bqWn-‰p-I-fp-≠v. Hmtcm {]h¿Ø-\-{I-a-Øn\pw Hcp tImUv

\º¿ D≠v. \mj-W¬ C≥Ãn-‰yq´ v Hm^v Hm∏¨ kvIqƒ AXmXv

]T-\-tI-{μ-߃°v Assk≥sa‚n-t\m-sSm∏w ]T-\-km-a-{Kn-Ifpw Ab-bv°p-∂p.

GsX-¶nepw hnZym¿∞n Fs¥-¶nepw Imc-W-h-im¬ CXv kzoI-cn-®n-s√¶n¬

F¬.-sF.-Hm.-Fkv DØ-c-hm-Zn-b-√.

13. A[ym-]-\-L´w

hnZq-c-hn-Zym-`ymk]T-\-Øn¬ ]Tn-Xm-°fpw am¿§-\n¿t±-i-Icpw XΩn-ep≈

apJm-apJ ]T\w hfsc Ipd-hm-Wv. apJm-ap-J-_-‘-Øns‚ Dt±iyw Fs¥-∂m¬-

-\n-߃°v hy‡-am-°m≥ ]‰mØ ]e-tNm-Zy-ß-fp-sSbpw DØ-c-ßfpw kwi-b-

ßfpw hy‡-am-°m≥ klm-bn-°p-∂p. AXn-t\-°mƒ D]-cn -bmbn a‰p

]Tn-Xm-°sf t\cn- p-ImWm\p≈ Hcp Ah-kcw IqSn \n߃°v e`n-°p-∂p.

]T-\-tI-{μ-ß-fn¬ [mcmfw hnZym-`ym-k-am¿§-\n¿t±i-Icpw XΩn-ep≈

apJm- -apJ ]T\w hfsc Ipd-hm-Wv. apJm-ap-J-_-‘-Øns‚ Dt±iyw Fs¥-∂m¬

\n߃°v hy‡-am-°m≥ ]‰mØ ]e tNmZy-ß-fp-sSbpw DØ-c-ßfpw

74

kwi-b-ßfpw hy‡-am-°m≥ klm-bn-°p-∂p. AXn-t\-°mƒ D]-cn-bmbn

a‰p-]-Tn-Xm-°sf t\cn´p ImWm-\p≈ Hcp Ah-kcw IqSn \n߃°v e`n-°p-∂p.

]T-\-tI-{μ-ß-fn¬ [mcmfw hnZym- ym-k- am¿§-\n¿t±-in-Iƒ \n߃°v am¿§-

\n¿t±iw Xcp-hm≥ D≠m-bn-cn-°pw. km[m-c-W-bm-bn´v ]T-\-tI-{μ-ß-fn¬

Rmb-dm-gvN-I-fnepw a‰v Ah[n Znh-k-ß-fn-ep-am-bn-cn°pw A[ym-]\w \S-Øm-dv.

\nß-fpsS {i≤-bn¬s∏-tS≠ Hcp {][m-\-Imcyw ¢mkn¬ Ccp-∂p≈

]T-\-hp-ambn CXv hfsc hyXym-k-s∏-´m-Wv. Cu am¿§-\n¿t±-i-¢m-kp-Iƒ

A[ym-]-I≥ ]Tn-∏n-°p-∂Xv Ah-cpsS ]c-º-cm-K-X-amb coXn-bn-em-bn-cn-°pw.

\n߃°v Un.-F¬.-CUn (D.EI.ED)]≤-Xn-{]-Im-c-ap≈ ]T-\-Øn¬ \nß-fpsS

_p≤n-ap- p-Isf AXn-Po-hn-°m≥ A[ym-]-I\v km[n-°pw. Cu hn`mK ]T-\-Øn¬

hnj-bm-Sn-ÿm-\-s∏-Sp-Øn-bp≈ _p≤n-ap-´p-Isf ]cn-l-cn-°m≥ ]c-am-h[n

\n߃ {ian-°-Ww.

]Tn-t°-≠-Xmb {]tXy-I-hn- mKw ¢m p-I¬ \n߃ k∂n-ln-X-cm-Ip-∂-Xn\v

apºv \n߃ B hnj-b-߃ H∂v hmbn-®p-t]m-Ip-∂Xv \∂m-bn-cn-°pw.

GsXms° kqN-I-߃ BWv hni-Zo-I-cn-t°-≠Xv F∂-Xns\ Bkv]-Z-am°n

Hcp ]mTy-]-≤Xn Xøm-dm-°p-I. ]Tn-t°≠ ]mTy-`m-K-ß-fn¬ IqsS IS-∂p-

t]m-ImsX GXmWv N¿® sNtø-≠-sX∂pw ^e-{]m]vXn hcp-tØ-≠-sX∂v

Adn-bm≥ km[n-°n-√.

kmam-\y-]-´n-I-bv°p-≈n¬ (General Schedule) ]cn-]m-Sn-Iƒ ]T-\-tI-{μ-Øn-se

-kw-Lm-S-I¿ BWv Xocp-am-\n-°p-∂-Xv.

5th - F{X-tØm-f-amWv Hmtcm ka-b-]-cn[n AIØp ]Tn-∏n®p Xo¿t°-≠

-sX-∂p≈ kmam-\y-]-´nI (General Schedule) AXmXp ]T-\-tI-{μ-Ønse

kwLm-S-I¿ BWv Xocp-am-\n-°p-∂-Xv. (Tutoring Schedule) ]Tn-∏n-t°≠

]´n-I-Ifpw Ah¿ Xs∂-bmWv Xocp-am-\n-°p-∂-Xv. ]Tn-∏n-t°-≠p∂ ]´n-I-bn¬

Dƒs∏-Sp-Øn-bn-cn-°p-∂Xv (print material) hnj-b-߃ hy‡-am-°n-sIm-Sp-°pI F∂-

XmWv (tutoring sessions) ]Tn-∏n-t°≠ ]´n-I-I-fn¬ Xocp-am-\n-°-s∏-´n-cn-°p-∂-Xv

(theory courses). Cu (programme) sF—n-I-amb C—m-\p-k-cWw (Theory Courses)

kn≤m-¥-]m-Ty-{Iaw {]Im-c-ap≈ coXnbmWv Ah-ew-_n-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. CXn¬

(9 Theory Courses) 9 kn≤m-¥-]m-Ty-{I-a-{]-Im-c-ap≈ coXn-bn¬˛8 ˛ \n¿_-‘nX

]mTy-{I-a-hpw-˛-H∂v sF—n-I-]m-Ty-{I-a-hp-am-Wv. CXn¬ 33 (credits) hnizm-k-

tbm-Ky -X-bmWv kn≤m-¥-]m-Ty - {I-a - (11-practical credits) amWv. Hmtcm

hnZym¿∞n-Iƒ°pw A\p-h-Zn-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. Hcp h¿j-Øn¬ G‰-hpw Ipd-™Xv

15 Znh-ksØ tutoring A≤ym-]-\-Øn¬, 75% lmP¿ (attendance) \n¿_-‘-am-Wv.

¢m n¬ lmP-cm-Ip-∂-Xv Hc-[nI tbmKy-X-bmbn IW-°m-°-s∏-Sp-∂n-√. ]s£

h¿jm-h-km-\-]-co-£-bn¬ C-cn-°p-∂-Xn\v tbmKy-cmbm¬ A[ym-]-\-L- -Øns‚

]´nI As∏≥UnIvkv 1˛em-Wv.

75

14. (Conduct of Practicals) - {]mtbm-Kn-I-]-T-\-Øns‚ s]mXp-kz- mhw

{]mtbm-Kn-I-]-T-\-Øn\p AXo-h-{]-tbm-P-\-I-c-amb ]q¿Æ-]n-¥pW NIOS - \o≠Ah-[n-Im-e-ß-fn¬ ˛ 2h¿j-sØ ]mTy-{I-a-Øn¬ ˛ ]T-\-tI-{μ-ß-fn¬2 Znh-ksØ ]Wn-∏p-c.

NIOS - Xe-ÿm-\-hp-ambn IqSn Btem-Nn®v 2 h¿jsØ ]mTy-{I-a-Øn¬ hnhn[]T-\-tI-{μ-Øn¬ 12 Znh-ksØ ]Tn-∏p-cbpw cq]o-I-cn-®n-´p-≠v.

DIETS/PTTIS/BRCS - ¬ BWv ]T-\-tI-{μ-߃ ÿm]n-®n-cn -°p-∂-Xv.Chn-sS-bmWv A≤ym-]-\hpw˛{]m-tbm-KnI ]Wn-∏p-cbpw \SØ-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv.]Wn-∏p-c-bp-tSbpw (workshop) ]mTy-im-e-bp-tSbpw (Co-ordinators) ka-\z-bm-[n-Im-cn-bmWvCXv \S-Øn-°p-∂-Xv. Hmtcm ]T-\-tI-{μ-Ønepw ]c-am-h[n 100 hnZym¿∞nIsfbmWvDƒs∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xv.

15. NIOS s‚ ]T-\-tI-{μ-hp-ambn _‘-s∏´ hni-Z-hn-h-c-ßfpw Bi-b-hn-\n-a-b-ßfpwF√mw Xe-ÿm\ \S-Øn-∏p-Im-cp-ambn _‘-s∏-Sp-Øn--bn-cn-°-bm-Wv.

t\csØ \n›-bn-°-s∏´ ]T-\-tI-{μ-ß-fnepw AXmXp hnZym-e-bØnepwAXns‚ {]mtbm-KnI Xe-Øn-ep≈ ]T-\-ß-ƒ \S-Ø-s∏-Spw. ]≈n-°q-S-ßsfBkv]-Z-am-°n-bp≈ {]hr-Øn-]-cn -N-b-߃, ]Wn-∏pc {]h¿Ø-\-߃]cn-N-b-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p.

AXmXp ]≈n-°q-S-ß-fn-emWv Hmtcm {]hrØn ]cn-N-b-ßfpw (assignments)bpwpractice teaching \S-Ø-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv. BsI 24 Znh-k-sØ CS-th-f-bn¬ 2 ]Wn-∏pcBkv]-Z-am-°n-bp≈ A≤ym-]-\hpw \S-Ø-s∏-Spw.

AXmXp ]≈n-°q-S-Øn-ep≈ (supervisor) ta¬t\m-´-°m-tcbpw (Supervisor)A-≤ym-]-I-tcbpw, Principal, {][m\ A[ym-]-I-≥ ˛ apXn¿∂ A≤ym-]-I¿F∂n-h-cpsS A\p-hm-Z-tØm-Sp-IqSn apJm-apJw (interaction) \S-Ø-s∏-Spw.Hmtcm hnZym¿∞n-I-fnepw Dd-ßn-°n-S-°p∂ Ign-hp-Isf Is≠Øn a¬k-c-ßfn¬]s¶-Sp-°m-\p-ap≈ {iahpw \S-Ø-s∏-Spw.

{]mtbmKnI {]h¿Ø-\-ßfpw kº¿° skj-\p-Ifpw

Ct‚¨jn-∏v, kº¿° skj-\p-I-fn¬ tImgvkv sUen-hdn Hcp {][m\LS-Iam-bn-cn°pw kvIqƒ A[n-jvTnXw, h¿°vtjm∏v A[n-jvTnXw, A[ym-]\]cn-io-e\w F∂n-ßs\ aq∂p-Xcw {]h¿Ø-\-߃ AS-ßp-∂-Xm-Wv Ct‚¨jn-∏v.sa‚¿/kq∏¿ssh-k-dpsS ta¬t\m- -Øn¬ Hcp h¿jw 12 Znh-ksØ h¿°vtjm∏v˛ H∂mw h¿jw. kq∏¿ssh-k¿/sa≥¿/{]mIvSo-knwKv So®¿ F∂n-h-cpsSta¬t\m-´-Øn¬ c≠mw-h¿jw kvIqƒ A[n-jvTnX {]h¿Ø-\-߃. ]T\tI{μ-ß fn¬ Hcp h¿jw 15 Syq´¿ skj-\p-Iƒ Dƒs°m-≈p∂ hy‡n-KXskj-\p-Iƒ. Cu skj-\p-I-fn¬ D]-tbm-Kn-t°≠ aWn-°q-dp-I-fpsS FÆw Xmsg\¬In-bn-cn-°p-∂p.

• in¬]-ime ASn-ÿm-\-am-°n-bp≈ {]h¿Ø-\-߃ (Hcp h¿j-Øn¬12 Znhkw hoXw) 8 s{IUn-‰p-Iƒ 240 a\n-°q¿

{]o. h¿°vtjm∏v {]h¿Ø-\-߃ 52 aWn-°q¿ h¿°vtjm∏v {]h¿Ø\w(12 x 7 aWn°q¿ x 2 h¿jw 168 aWn-°q¿)

t]mÃv h¿°vtjm∏v {]h¿Ø-\-߃ 20 aWn-°q¿

76

• kvIqƒ A[n-jvTnX {]h¿Ø-\-߃ 4 s{IUn-‰p-Iƒ 120 aWn-°q¿

• ]cn-io-e\ A≤ym-]\w (40 ]mTw x 6 aWn-°q¿ hoXw) 8 s{IUn-‰p-Iƒ

240 aWn-°q¿

(6 aWn -°q¿ ]mTm -kq - {XWw Xøm-dm -°m -\p≈ ka-bw, TLM,am¿§\n¿t±iw/kq∏¿ssh-k¿, hnj-bw, oUv_m°v F∂nh kw_-‘n®

N¿®-Iƒ)

• Xnbdn tImgvkp -I-fn¬ Syq´ -dnwKv ]n¥pW s{IUn-‰p -Iƒ C√.

150 aWn-°qdpw (15 Znhkw x 5 aWn-°q¿ x 2 h¿jw)

BsI sIm≠mIvSv kabw : 750 aWn-°q¿

15. tImgvkv A[n-jvTnX Assk≥sa‚p-Iƒ

tImgvkv A[n-j-TnX Assk≥sa‚p-Iƒ (kz-bw-]-T-\-hn- -h-ß-tfm-sSm-∏w)

A[y-b\ k{ºZm-b-Øns‚ kwtbm-Pn -Xhpw \n¿_-‘n-X-hp-amb

LS-I-amWv tImgvkv A[n-jvTnX Assk≥sa‚p-Iƒ. F√m Xnbdn

tImgvknepw Assk≥sa‚p-I-fp-≠v. Cu \nb-a-߃ A\p-k-cn®v

_‘-s∏´v ÃUn sk‚-dn¬ k-a¿∏n-t°-≠-Xm-Wv. t{]m{Kmw ssKUn-\mbn

\¬In-bn- p≈ hyXykvX ka¿∏W sjUyq-fp-I-fn¬ Cu Assk≥sa‚p-Iƒ

_‘s∏´ ]T-\-tI-{μ-ß-fn¬ ka¿∏n-t°-≠-Xm-Wv. hnZym¿∞n°v

Assk≥sa‚p-I-fpsS Hcp ]I¿∏v ÃUn sk‚-dn¬ \n∂v t\Sp-Itbm

As√¶n¬ AXv Uu¨temUv sNøp-Itbm sNømw. NIOS sh_vssk‰v

www.nios.ac.in \n߃ Assk≥sa‚p-Iƒ Xøm-dm-°-\-tºmƒ Xmsg

]d-bp∂ Imcy-߃ a\- n¬ kq£n-°-Ww.

(i) DØcw efn-Xhpw hyh-ÿm-]n-X-hp-am-°p-I, tNmZy-ßfpw AXns‚ hnhn[-

h-i-ßfpw {i≤n-°p-I. -A-{]-k-‡-amb hni-Zmw-i-߃ Hgn-hm-°m≥

{i≤n-°pI

(ii) Assk≥sa‚p-I-fn¬ \n¿t±-in-®n-´p≈ CSßfnse tPmen ]cn[nsb

°p-dn®v {i≤n-°p-I. Ign-bp-∂Xpw ]Z-]-cn[n {i≤n-°p-I. AtX-k-abw,

hnh-c-W-߃ hfsc sNdpXpw Bh-iy-ap-≈-{Xbpw Bbn-cn-°p-I.

]Z-{]tbmKw \nß-fpsS {]Xn-I-c-WsØ \nb-{¥n-°p-∂-Xn\v ]Icw

{]Xn-I-c-W-ß-fpsS aq¿®-bn¬ {i≤-h-bv°m≥ k÷-am-bn-cn-°p-∂p.

(iii) \nß-fpsS kz¥w ssIø-£-c-Øn¬ DØ-c-߃ Fgp-X-Ww. \nß-fpsS

ssIø-£cw icn-bmbn hy‡-X-bn-√m-Ø-h-bm-sW∂v tXm∂p-∂p-sh-¶n¬

ssS∏v sNbvXv {]Xn-I-c-W-߃ \n߃°v Abbv-°mw.

(iv) \nß-ƒ tN¿Øn-´p≈ ]T-\-tI-{μ-Øn-te°v \nß-fpsS Assk≥sa‚ v

{]Xn-I-c-W-߃ Abbv°mw (Hmtcm Assk≥sa‚n\pw k÷o-I-cn®

XobXn {]Imcw tImgvkv A[n-jvTnX Assk≥sa‚ v ka¿∏n-°m-\p≈

sjUyqƒ A\p-_‘w ˛ 2˛¬ \¬In-bn-cn-°p-∂p.

Hmtcm tImgvknepw 30% shbn-t‰Pv Dƒs°m-≈p∂ 3 tImgvkv A[n-jvTnX

Assk≥sa‚p-I-fm-bn-cn°pw (2 kn≤m¥w +1 {]mtbm-Kn-Iw)

77

{]mtbm-KnI {]h¿Ø-\-߃°v 10% hpw Xnbdn A[n-jvTnX C\n 20% hpw

Bbn-cn-°pw. Hm]vj≥ D≠m-bn-cn-°n-√. F√m C\-ßfpw \n¿_-‘-am-Wv. BsI

27 Assk≥sa‚p-Iƒ D≠m-bn-cn-°pw. sjUyq-fn¬ \n¿t±-in-®n-´p≈ Xob-Xn°v

]T -\ -tI- {μ -Øn¬ Assk≥sa‚p -Iƒ ka¿∏n -t°≠Xm-Wv . Ft∏mgpw

Assk≥sa‚ v {]Xn-I-c-W-ß-fpsS Hcp ]I¿∏v ssIhiw hbvt°-≠Xv \nß-fpsS

DØ-c-hm-Zn-Xz-am-Wv.

]q¿Ønbm-°nb Assk≥sa‚ v- -{]-Xn-I-c-W-߃ Fßs\ Ab-bv°mw.

\nß-fpsS Assk≥sa‚ v {]Xn-I-c-W-ßfpsS he-Xp- m-KØv aqe-bn¬ \nß-

fpsS F≥tdmƒsa‚ v \º¿, t]cv, ]q¿Æ-hn-em-kw, XobXn F∂nh Fgp-Xp-I.

tImgvkv Xe-s°´v tImUv, Assk≥sa‚ v tImU F∂nh Assk≥sa‚ns‚

BZy-t]-Pn¬ apI-fn¬ \ap-°mbn henb A£-c-Øn¬ Fgp-Xp-I.

\nß-fpsS {]Xn-I-c-W(-߃)Øns‚ BZy-t]-Pv.

(Hm- okv D]-tbm-K-Øn-\mbn apI-fn¬ CSXv aqe- mKw iq\y-ambn hnSp-I.) \nß-

fpsS BZy-t]-Pns‚ apIƒ`m-KØv {]Xn-I-cWw CXp-t]mse Bbn-cn-°-Ww.

]T-\-tI{μw....................................................................................................................

tImgvkv io¿jIw......................................................................................................

tImgvkv tImUv............................................................................................................

Assk≥sa‚ v tImUv.............................................................................................

F≥tdmƒsa‚ v \º¿.......................................................

t]cv:..........................................................................................

hnemkw:.................................................................................

XobXn:......................................................................................

t^m¿am‰v I¿i-\-ambn ]men-°p-I. Cu t^m¿am‰v \n߃ ]n¥p-S-cp-∂n-s√-¶n¬

\nß-fpsS {]Xn-I-c-W-߃ R߃°v ho≠pw ka¿∏n-°p-∂-Xn-\mbn

Xncn-®-b-bv°p-∂-Xm-Wv. \nß-fpsS F≥tdmƒsa‚ v \ºdpw hnem-khpw Fgp-Xn-

bn-s√-¶n¬ \nß-fpsS Assk≥sa‚ v {]Xn-I-W-߃ \jvS-s∏-Sm≥ CS-bp-≠v.)

Assk≥sa‚ v {]Xn-I-cWw F√m Imcy-ß-fnepw ]q¿Æ-am-bn-cn-°-Ww.

A]q¿Æ-amb {]Xn-I-c-W-߃ Ipd™ t{KUv e`n-°p-∂-Xn\v CS-bm-°pw.

`mKn-I-amb {]Xn-I-c-W-߃ Ab-bv°-cp-Xv.

\nß-fpsS {]Xn-I-c-W-Øn-\mbn ^pƒkvIym]v t]∏¿ D]-tbm-Kn-°p-I. hfsc

t\¿Ø-X-√mØ km[m-cW FgpØv t]∏¿ D]-tbm-Kn-°p-I.

78

Hmtcm Assk≥sa‚nepw Hmtcm DØ-c-Øn\pw CS-bn¬ CS-Xp-`m-KØv

Ipd-™Xv 4 hcn-Iƒ-°p-ti-jhpw Hcp 3/2'' am¿Pn≥ \¬Ip-I. DNn-X-amb

ÿe-ß-fn¬ D]-tbm-K-{]-Z-amb A`n-{]m-b-߃ Fgp-Xp-∂Xv {]Xn-I-cWw

hne-bn-cp-Øm≥ dntkmgvkv hy‡n°v klm-b-I-am-Wv.

\n߃°v Ab® Fkv-F¬Fw ASn-ÿm-\-am-°n-bp≈ tNmZy-߃°v DØcw

\¬In-sb∂v Dd-∏m-°p-I.

\n߃ Assk≥sa‚p-Iƒ°p≈ DØ-c-ambn A®-Sn® teJ-\-߃ Ab-bv°m≥

]mSn-√.

\n߃ R߃°v Ab-®p-X-cp∂ Assk≥sa‚ v {]Xn-I-c-W-ß-fpsS Hcp ]I¿∏v

Zb-hmbn kq£n-°p-I. \n߃°v CXv Bh-iy-ambn ht∂-°mw. Hcp X]m¬

{Sm≥kn‰v hgn \jvS-am-Ip∂ kml-N-cy-Øn¬ CXv ho≠pw ka¿∏n-t°-≠-Xm-Wv.

Hcp {]tXyI Assk≥sa‚n¬ c≠v DØ-c-߃ D≠m-bn-cn-°p-Itbm Ah Hcp-

t]m-se-bm-sW∂p Is≠-Øp-Itbm sNbvXm¬ ]cn-tim-[n-°-s∏-Sm-Xn-cn-°p-I-tbm,

Ipd™ t{KUp-Iƒ \¬I-s∏-Sp -Itbm sNøpw. CØcw tIkp-I-fn¬

Assk≥sa‚ns‚ hnth-N-\m-[n-Imcw aqey-I¿Øm-hn-\m-bn-cn-°pw.

_‘-s∏´ ]T-\-Øns‚ tIm¿Un-t\-‰¿/t{]m{Kmw C≥Nm¿Pn\v IrXy-k-a-bØv

Assk≥sa‚p-Iƒ ka¿∏n-°p-I. \n›nX XobXn A\p-k-cn®v Assk≥sa‚ v

ka¿∏n-°m-\p≈ Ah-km\ XobXn Ah-[n-bm-bm¬ sXm´-SpØ {]hrØn

Znh-k-Øn¬ ka¿∏n-°Ww.

Assk≥sa‚ v ckoXv ˛ Iw ˛ AIvt\m-f-Pvsa‚ v t^mw, aqey-I¿Øm-hn¬

\n-∂p≈ ckoXv: ]T-\-tI-{μ-Øn¬ Assk≥sa‚ v ka¿∏n-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈

AIvt\m-f-Pvsa‚ v t^mw A\p-_‘w˛2¬ \¬In-bn-´p-≠v. D.El.Ed s‚ F√m

Assk≥sa‚p-I-fnepw Cu t^mw D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂p. Cu t{]t^m-a-bpsS t^mt´m-

tIm∏n F√m Assk≥sa‚p-Iƒ°pw shtΔsd \¬tI-≠-Xm-Wv. aqey-I¿Øm-

hn-\p≈ AIvt\m-fPvsa‚ v t^mw A\p-_‘w 2˛s‚ Iogn¬ \¬In-bn-cn-°p-∂p.

16. t{]m{Kmw ^okv

Cu t{]m{Kmw A\p-k-cn-®v, CXv kzbw sNbvXv ka¿∏n-t°≠ Hcp ]≤-Xn-bm-Wv.

CXn\v Hcp t{]m{Kmw ^okv AS-bvt°-≠-Xm-Wv. Fw.-F-®v.B¿.-UnbpsS

am¿§-\n¿t±i߃ A\p-k-cn®v c≠p-h¿j-tØbv°v 12000 cq]bpw

(Hcp h¿jw 6000) ^okn-\-Øn¬ AS-bv°-Ww. CXn-\p-th≠ am¿§-\n¿t±-i-߃

Fw.-F-®v.B¿.-UnbpsS Iogn-ep≈ Fkv.-F-kv.F hgn e`n-bv°pw. DtZym-Km¿∞n

(]-Tn-Xm-°ƒ) bv°v Bh-iy-amb F√m kwi-b-߃°pw kwÿm\ k¿°mcns‚

Fkv.-F-kv.F {]Xn-\n-[n-Iƒ hgn klmbw e`n-bv°pw. IqSp-X¬ hnh-c-߃°v

A\p-_‘w (III & IV) t\m°p-I.

79

17. BZysØ aqey-\n¿Æ-bhpw k¿´n- n-°‰v hnX-c-Whpw

D.EI.Ed bn¬ aqey-\n¿Æbw ˛ Hm∏¨ B‚ v UnÃ≥kv teWnwKv tamU¬

t{]m{Kmw BWv. CXn¬ hyXykvX aqey-\n¿Æb coXn-Iƒ Dƒs°m-≈p∂p:˛

Hmtcm ]T-\-bq-Wn-‰nepw kzbw hne-bn-cp-ج kwhn-[m\w Dƒs°m-≈n-

®n-cn-°p-∂p.

Hmtcm ]T-\-bq-Wn-‰nepw kzbw hne-bn-cp-Øn¬ kwhn-[m\w Dƒs°m-≈n

-®n-cn-°p-∂p.

Assk≥sa‚p-Iƒ A[ym-]-I¿ hne-bn-cp-Øp-∂p. {]mtbm-KnI XpS¿

{]-h¿Ø-\-߃ \S-Øp-∂p. s{]mPIvSv h¿°p-Ifpw A[ym-]I ]cn-io-e-\hpw

\S-Øp-∂p.

h¿jm-h-km\w aqey-\n¿Æw \S-Øp-∂p.

A. Xobdn tImgvkp-Iƒ :˛ \n¿t±-i-߃:˛

{Kq∏v˛1 tIm¿ tImgvkp-Iƒ

i. C¥y-bnse Fen-sa‚dn hnZym- ymkw:˛

kmaq-lnI˛kmw-kvIm-cnI ho£Ww

ii. Ip´n-Isf Bg-Øn¬ a\- n-em-°p-I.

iii. {]mY-anI kvIqfn¬ A[ym-]\w imkv{Xo-b-ambn D]-tbm-Kn-°¬.

iv. {]mY-anI hnZym- ymkw kaq-l-Øn¬.

{Kq∏v ˛ II A≤y-b\ hnj-b-߃

i. {]mY-anI Xe-Øn¬ `mj-Iƒ ]Tn-bv°p-I.

ii. {]mY-anI Xe-Øn¬ KWnX ]T\w

iii. {]mY-anIXe-Øn¬ ]cn-ÿn-Xn-]-T-\-߃ ]Tn-°pI

iv. {]mY-an-I-X-e-Øn¬ Ie, Btcm-Kyw, `uXn-I-imkv{Xw F∂nh ]Tn-°p-I.

{Kq∏v ˛ III So®nwKv hnj-b-߃

i. A∏¿ ss{]adn Xe-Øn¬ tkmjy¬ kb≥kv ]Tn-°p-I. (km-aq-ln-I

-im-kv{Xw)

AYhm

A∏¿ ss{]adn Xe-Øn¬ kb≥kv ]Tn-°p-I.

80

B. kzbw hne-bn-cp-ج hymbm-a-߃/sSÃp-Iƒ

Hmtcm tImgvknepw Hu]-Nm-cnI aqey-\n¿Æ-b-Øn\v ]pdta NIOS hyXy-kvX-

amb Nne {]h¿Ø\߃ / ]cn-tim-[-\-Iƒ \¬Ip-∂p. Hmtcm tImgvknepw kzbw

hne-bn-cp-ج ]cn-tim-[-\-Iƒ A\n-hm-cy-am-Wv. CXn\v {]tXyIw am¿°v e`n-°p-

∂-X-√. ]Tn-Xm-hns‚ ]T-\-\n-e-hmcw a\- n-em-°m\pw IqSp-X¬ sa®-s∏-Sp-Øm\pw

CXv klm-bn-°p-∂p.

C. tSw ˛ Ah-km\ aqey-\n¿Æbw

_mly-]-cn-io-e-\-Ønse Hmtcm tNmZy-t]-∏dpw hnhn[ cq]-ß-fpsS

ka-Xp-en-X-amb Hcp kw{Klw #mbn-cn-°pw.

tNmZy-t]-∏-dns‚ D≈-S°w Xmsg:˛

15 aƒ´n-∏nƒ tNmbvkv tNmZy-߃ 15(15) Hmtcm-∂n\pw Hcp am¿°v

15 hfsc sNdnb DØcw Fgp-tX≠ tNmZy-߃ 15 (15) (VSA) (Hcp am¿°v

hoXw)

10 sNdnb coXn-bn¬ DØcw Fgp-tX-≠-h. (S.A) 20 (10) - [2 am¿°v hoXw]

2 ssZ¿Ly-ap≈ tNmZyw (L.A) 20 (10) - [10 am¿°v hoXw]

{i≤n-°pI:˛ {_m°-‰n-\p-≈n-ep≈ \º¿ Fgp-tX≠ tNmZy-\-ºdpw ]pd-Øp-≈Xv

am¿°pw kqNn-∏n-°p∂p.

Hmtcm tImgvknepw c≠v LS-I-ß-fp-≠v.

70 am¿°ns‚ Fgp-Øp-]-co£

30am¿°ns‚ Assk≥sa‚ v.

Cu c≠v hn`m-K-Ønepw ]Tn-Xmhv t\Sp∂ am¿°p-Iƒ tN¿Øv samØw kvtIm¿

\n›-bn-°p-∂p.

apI-fn¬ ]d-bp∂ LS-I-߃ Dƒs°m-≈n-®mWv F√m tNmZy-t]-∏-dp-Ifpw Xøm-dm-

°p-∂-Xv. Hmtcm ]co-£bv°pw ]pXnb ªq{]n‚ v ASn-ÿm-\-am-°n-bp≈ tNmZy-t]-

∏-dmWv Xøm-dm-°p-∂-Xv.

tNmZy-t]-∏¿ Xøm-dm-°p-∂-h¿°p≈ \n¿t±-i-߃°p≈ \n¿t±-i-߃:˛

i. \n¿±njvS LS-I-ß-fpsS ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ kzbw Xøm-dm-°nb ªq{]n‚ v

ii. ]Tn-Xm-°ƒ°p≈ tNmZym-h-enbpw \n¿t±-i-ßfpw

81

iii. tNmZy-t]-∏-dnse Hmtcm tNmZy-Øn\pw aqeyw \n¿Æ-bn-°p-I.

iv. Xmsg ImWn-°p∂ am\-Z-WvU-Øn-\-\p-kr-X-ambn tNmZy-t]-∏-dnse C\w

hni-I-e\w sNø-Ww.

e£y-t_m-[-tØm-sS-bp≈ Xcw-Xn-cnhv

e£yw ASn-ÿm-\-am-°n-bp≈ hnjbw

tNmZy-bn-\-ß-fpsS cq]w [LA, SA, VSA, MCT]

tNmZy-bn-\-ß-fpsS Xcw-Xn-cnhv:˛

(F-fp-∏hpw icm-i-cnbpw _p≤n-ap-≈-Xpw)

DØcw e`n-°p-∂-Xn\v {]Xo-£n-°p∂ ka-bw.

Hmtcm tNmZy-Øn-s‚bpw am¿°p-Iƒ {]tXyIw kqNn-∏n-°p-∂p.

tNmZy -t]-∏ -dn¬ Hmtcm C\-ßfpw ]cn -tim -[n -°p∂ ka-bØv Cu

\n¿t±-i-߃ D]-Im-c-am-bn-cn-°pw.

D. tImgvkns\ B[m-c-am-bn- p≈ Assk≥sa‚ v:˛

Hmtcm tImgvknepw 3 tImgvkv ASn-ÿm\ Assk≥sa‚p-Iƒ D≠mbn-cn-°pw.

cs≠Æw kn≤m-¥sØ ASn-ÿm-\-am-°n-bp-≈-Xm-Wv. H∂v {]mIvSokv ASn-ÿm-\w.

30 iX-am\w shbvt‰Pv D≠m-Ipw. {]mIvSokv ASn-ÿm-\-am-°n-bp-≈-hbv°v 10Dw

ssk≤m-¥nI C\-ß-fn¬ Hmtcm-∂n\pw 10 iX-am\w hoXhpw t\Smw.

E. {]mtbm-KnI tImgvkp-Iƒ (kvIq-fp-I-fn¬ Ct‚¨jn-∏v)

{]mIvSn-°¬ tImgvkp-I-fn¬, aqey-\n¿Æbpw \S-°p-∂Xv {][m-\-ambpw aq∂p-

L-S-I-ß-fpsS ka-{K-amb ASn-ÿm-\-Øn-em-Wv.

hne-bn-cp-ج N -°qSv

i. kvIqƒ ASn-ÿm-\-am-°n-bp≈ {]I-S-\-Øns‚ hne-bn-cp-ج (F-kv.-_n.-F)

ii. h¿°vtjm∏v ASn -ÿm-\-am -°n -bp≈ {]I-S -\-Øns‚ hne-bn -cp -ج

[Uªn-bp.-_n.F]

iii. A[ym-]\ ]cn-io-e-\-Ønse {]I-S-\-Øns‚ hne-bn-cp-Øn¬ []n.-Sn.]

i. kvIqƒ A[n-jvTnX {]h¿Ø-\-߃ [Fkv.-_n.sF]

100 am¿°p≈ kvIqƒ A[n-jvTnX {]h¿Ø-\-߃ 3 `mK-ß-fmbn Xncn-°p-∂p.

hnZym¿∞n-bpsS tIkv ÃUn ˛ 30am¿°v

tcJ-I-fp-sSbpw cPn-Ã-dn-t‚bpw ]cn-]m-e\w ˛ 35 am¿°v

kvIqƒ]cn-]m-Sn-bpsS kw`m-h\ -˛ 35 am¿°v

BsI ˛ 100 am¿°v

82

1. kvIqƒ A[n-jvTnX {]h¿Ø-\-߃ (SBA)

100 am¿°v samØw shbvt‰Pv hln-°p∂ kvIqƒ ASn-ÿm-\-am-°n-bp≈{]h¿Ø-\-߃ aq∂p `mK-ß-fmbn Xncn-®n-cn-°p-∂p.

kvIqƒ hnZym¿∞nbpsS tIkv ÃUn 30 am¿°v

tcJ-I-fp-tSbpw cPn-Ã-dp-I-fp-sSbpw ]cn-]m-e\w 35 am¿°v

kvIqƒ ]cn-]m-Sn-I-fnse kw`m-h\ 35 am¿°v

BsI 100 am¿°v

Ah-km-\sØ c≠v Ãm≥Up-Ifpw bYm-{Iaw shbn-t‰Pv A\p-k-cn® c≠vhn`m-K-ß-fmbn Xncn-®n- p-≠v.

2. tcJ-I-fp-sSbpw cPn-Ã-dp-I-fp-sSbpw ]cn-]m-e\w

hnZym¿∞n-I-fpsS ]T-\-]p-tcm-KXn Xøm-dm-°¬ 7 am¿°v

D]m-Jym-\-tc-J-Iƒ ({]-tXyI \nco-£Ww ASn-ÿm-\-am-°n) 7 am¿°v

]mTw/Ipdn-∏p-I-fpsS ]cn-]m-e\w 7 am¿°v

sjUyqƒ Xøm-dm-°epw ]I-c-amb ¢mkp-I-fpsS 7 am¿°v

kwLm-S-\hpw

hnZym¿∞n-Iƒ°v sse{_-dn-bp-sSbpw, emt_m-d- -dn-bp-sSbpw 7 am¿°v

kvt]m¿Svkv {]h¿Ø-\-ß-fp-sSbpw tcJ-Iƒ

BsI 35 am¿°v

kvIqƒ ]cn-]m-Sn-I-fnse kw`m-h\

cmhnse kvIqƒ Akwªn kwL-Sn-∏n-°p-Ibpw 7 am¿°v

{]{In-b-sb-°p-dn-®p≈ Hcp dnt∏m¿´v

Xøm-dm-°p-Ibpw sNøpI

PTA/MTA/SMC (kvIqƒ amt\-Pvsa‚ v IΩn-‰n)

tbmK-ß-fpsS tcJ-Ifpw t\ -ßfpw tcJ-s∏-Sp-ج 7 am¿°v

kvIqfn¬ kmaqly/tZiob D’-h-߃ kwL-Sn-∏n-°pI 7 am¿°v

kvIqfn¬ hm¿jn-I- -Im-bnItaf-Ifpw hm¿jn-I-Zn-\hpw

kwL-Sn-∏n-°¬ 7 am¿°v

]T-\-bm-{X-Iƒ/^o¬Uv kμ¿i-\-Øn\v 7 am¿°v

BsI 35 am¿°v

kvIqƒ A[n-jvTnX {]h¿Ø-\-ß-fpsS hne-bn-cp-ج am\-Z-WvU-߃ Xmsg-]-d-bp∂p:

tImgvkns‚ D≈-S-°-sØ-°p-dn®v A`n-{]mbw

Bi-b-ß-fpsS kzm`m-hn-IX

Iev]-\m-i‡n/kz¿§m-fl-IX

]T\w t{]m’m-ln-°p-∂-Xnse {]tbm-P\w

apI-fn¬ ]d-™n-cn-°p∂ am\-Z-WvU-߃ ]men-®p-sIm-≠m-bn-cn°pw{]h¿Ø-\-߃°v am¿°v \evIp-I.

83

bmZr-›n-IX / k¿§m-fl-IX

]T\w t{]m’m-ln-∏n-°p-∂-Xns‚ D]-tbmKw

apI-fn¬ sImSp-Øn-cn-°p∂ am\-Z-fi-ß-f-\p-k-cn®v am¿°v \¬tI-≠XmWv.

ii. {]hr-Øn-ime kw_-‘nX {]h¿Ø-\-߃ (WBA)

12 Znhkw ssZ¿Ly-ap≈ c≠p h¿°v tjm∏p-Iƒ A[ym-]I ]cn-io-e\

]cn-]m-Sn-bn¬ kwL-Sn-∏n-°-Ww. h¿°vtjm∏v {]h¿Ø-\-߃°v samØ-ambn

100 am¿°v hoXw Hmtcm h¿jhpw \¬Ip-∂p. CXns‚ hni-Zmw-i-߃ NphsS

sImSp-Øn-cn-°p∂ hn[-am-bn-cn-°pw.

H∂mw h¿jw

`mj, KWn-Xw, ]cn-k-c-]-T-\w, imkv{Xw, kmaq-ly-imkv{Xw 24 am¿°v

F∂n-h-bn¬ se ¨ πm≥ Xøm-dm-°¬

GsX-¶nepw \mep-hn-j-b-ß-fn¬ t_m[\ A[y-b\ klmb 16 am¿°v

kma-{Kn-Iƒ Xøm-dm-°¬

GsX-¶nepw Hcp hnj-bsØ Bkv]-Z-am°n t]m¿´v t^mfntbm 06 am¿°v

Xøm-dm-°¬

]mTy-]-≤-Xn-bpsSbpw cq]-tc-J-bp-sSbpw ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ tNmZy- 24 am¿°v

t]∏¿ Xøm-dm-°¬

amXrIm ¢m p-Iƒ \nco-£n-°¬ 10 am¿°v

aqey-\n¿Æb {]{In-b-bn¬ `mK-am-°¬ 20 am¿°v

BsI 100 am¿°v

c≠mw-h¿jw

GsX-¶nepw c≠p hnj-b-Øn¬

KWn-Xw, ]cn-k-c-]-T\w, imkv{Xw, kmaq-ly-im-kv{Xw, 16 am¿°v

Bib `q]Sw (Concept Mapping) Xøm-dm-°p-I.

Ie, Imbn-Iw, Btcm-Kyw, {]hrØn ]T\w F∂nh

bn¬ {]h¿Øn°pI.- 24 am¿°v

ssSwtS-_nfpw hm¿jnI {]h¿Ø-\-I-e-≠dpw 10 am¿°v

hni-I-e\w sNøp-I.

84

hnZym-eb kmaq-ly _‘w 10 am¿°v

{]_-‘m-h-X-cWw 20 am¿°v

aqey-\n¿Æ-b-Øn¬ `mK- m-°m-°p-I. 20 am¿°v

BsI 100 am¿°v

iii. {]mIvSokv So®nwKv ( ]n Sn)

Hcp A[ym-]I {Sbn\n Hmtcm \mep hnj-b-ß-fnepw 10 {]mIvSokv ]mT-߃

hoXw Xøm-dm-°-Ww. ( `mj, KWn-Xw, ]cn-k-c-]-T-\w, imkv{Xw, kmaq-ly-im-

kv{Xw) Hmtcm {Sbn-\n-tbbpw Hcp D]-tZ-i-I\pw ta¬t\m´w hln-°p∂ A[ym-

]-I-\p-ambn _‘-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p. ( AXmXp hnj-b-Ønse ko\n-b¿ Bb A[ym-

]-I¿) Hmtcm D]-tZ-i-I\pw Ggv ]mT-ß-fn¬ 5 hoXw ]cn-tim-[n®v ta¬t\m´w

hln-°p-∂p. ta¬t\m´w hln-°p∂ A[ym-]-I¿ (kq-∏¿sh-bvk¿) 3 ]mT-ß-

fn¬ 2 hoXw ]cn-tim-[n®v ta¬t\m´w hln-°p-∂p.

A[ym-]I s{Sbn-\n-bpsSbpw {]mIvSokv So®nw-Kn-ep≈ {]mK¬`yw hne-bn-cp-Øp-

∂-Xn-\mbn Xmsg-∏-d-bp∂h am\-Z-fi-ß-fmbn IW-°m-°p-∂p.

. ]mTw Xøm-dm-°¬ ( sek¨ πm≥)

. hnj-b-Øn-ep≈ Ah-Kmlw

. A[ym-]-Is‚ am¿§-\n¿t±iw

. ]mT-_-‘n-X-ambn hnZym¿∞n-I-fpsS kl-I-c-Whpw AXns‚ ta¬t\m- hpw

. hnZym¿∞n aqey-\n¿Æbw

. {]mIvSokv So®nwKv kw_-‘n®v {][m\ A[ym-]-Is‚ hne-bn-cp-ج.

85

kuI-cym¿∞w Hmtcm ]mT-Øn\pw XpS-°-Øn¬ 75 am¿°p-Iƒ \n¿±njvT

shbvt‰Pv A\p-k-cn®v \¬Ip-∂p. {][m\ A[ym-]-I≥ \¬Ip∂ hne-bn-cp-ج

dnt∏m¿´n¬ 25 am¿°v \¬Im-hp-∂-Xm-Wv. hy‡n-KX kzm`-hw, ]mtTy-Xc

hnj-b-ß-fn¬ ]s¶-Sp-°¬, hnZym-eb kw_-‘n-bmb a‰p {]h¿Ø-\-ß-fn¬

]s¶-Sp-°¬, A[ym-b-\-Øns‚ anIhpw ]pXp-abpw F∂n-hsb Bkv]-Z-am°n

Cu am¿°v \¬Im-hp-∂-Xm-Wv.

samØ-ambn {]mIvSokv So®nw-Kn-\p≈ shbvt‰Pv 75 am¿°m-Wv. 40 ]mTw

hoX-amWv Hmtcm s{Sbn-\nbpw FSp-t°-≠-Xv. Hmtcm ]mT-Øn\pw e`n-®n-´p≈

am¿°p-Iƒ Iq´n, ]cn-tim-[n® ]mT-ß-fpsS FÆw sIm≠v lcn® In´p∂ am¿°v

Hcp s{Sbn-\n°v A¥na am¿°m-bn-cn-°pw. CXn-t\mSp IqSn {][m\ A[ym-]-Is‚

hne-bn-cp-Ø-en¬ 25 ¬ e`n-®n- p≈ am¿°p IqSn Iq´n tN¿Øv In´p∂ am¿°ns\

c≠p sIm≠p KpWn®v 200 am¿°n¬ In´p-∂-Xm-bn-cn°pw km£y]{X-Øn¬ So®nwKv

{]mIvSo-kn\v e`n-°p∂ am¿°v.

A[y-b\ sshZKv≤y `q]S s{]mss^-en¬ Xøm-dm-°p-tºmƒ sa‚¿°w

ta¬t\m´w hln-°p∂ hnjb A[ym-]I td‰nwKv kvsIbn¬ D]-tbm-K-s∏-Sp-

Øm-hp-∂-Xm-Wv. CXns‚ ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ Hmtcm Ign-hn\pw shbvt‰Pv

\¬Im-hp-∂-Xm-Wv.

aqey-\n¿Æb am\-Zfiw BsI e`n® Ipdn∏v

am¿°v am¿°v

]mT cq] tcJ Xøm-dm-°¬ 20

]mTy-hn-j-b-Øn-ep≈ Ah-Kmlw 15

A[ym-]-Is‚ \n¿t±iw 15

]mT-_-‘n-X-ambn hnZym¿∞n-I-fpsS kl-

I-c-Whpw ta¬t\m- hpw 15

hnZym¿∞n aqey-\n¿Æbw 10

{]mIvSokv So®nKv kw_-‘n® {][m\ 25

A[ymI-]s‚ hne-bn-cp-ج

BsI 100x2=200

86

km£y-]-{X-Øn-\mbn t{Kbn-Up-Iƒ \n¿Æ-bn-°¬.

Hmtcm s{Sbn-\n°pw N -Iq-S-\p-k-cn®v Hmtcm hn`m-K-Ønepw e`n-®n- p≈ am¿°p-

Iƒ Xmsg sImSp-Øn- p≈ LS\ {]Imcw ss^hv t]mbn‚ v kvsIbn-en¬ A_vskm-

eyq´v {Kbn-Umbn am‰-s∏-Sp-∂p.

Hcp s{Sbn-\n°v hnZym-e-b-kw-_-‘-ambpw {]h¿Ø-\-ime _‘n-X-ambpw

{]mIvSokv So®nwKv hnt[-b-ambpw Hcn-°¬ e`n-°p∂ am¿°v BXy-¥nIambn-cn-°pw.

Htcm hnj-b-Øn\pw 50iX-am\w am¿s°-¶nepw hnP-bn-°p-hm≥ Bh-iy-am-Wv.

tIm¿ hnj-b-ßsf kw_-‘n-®-S-tØmfw {]Y-an-I-X-e-Øn-ep≈ ]T-\-hn-j-b-Øn\pw

B∏¿ ss{]adn Xe-Øn-ep≈ ]T-\-hn-j-b-Øn\pw Un t{KUv 40 iX-am\w

hnPb am\-Z-fi-ambn IW-°m-°p-∂p. Un t{KUn¬ Xmsg e`n-°p-∂-h¿

c≠ph¿j-Øn-\p-≈ntem \mep XpS¿ ]co-£-I-fn¬ IqSntbm ]p\ ]co£

apJm-¥cw Un t{KUn-tebv°v FtØ-≠-Xm-Wv. Hmtcm h¿jhpw tabv amk-Ønepw

\hw-º¿ amk-Øn-epw -]-co£ \S-Øp-∂-Xm-Wv. t{KbvUv Db¿Øp-hm≥ B{K-ln-

°p-∂-h¿°pw ho≠pw ap≥]v ]d™ ka-b-{I-a-Øn-\p-≈n¬ F≥ sF H Fkv s‚

am\-Z-fi-a-\p-k-cn-®p≈ ^okv AS®v ]p\x-]-co-£bv°v tNcm-hp-∂-Xm-Wv.

Hmtcm ]co-£m¿∞nbv°pw c≠p sk‰v ]co-£bv°pw (Xn-bdnbpw

{]mIvSn-°-enepw ˛ tImgvkv _‘nX Assk-sa‚ vkv) Un t{KbvsU-¶nepw

(40 iX-am-\w) e`n-®n-cn-°-Ww. IqSmsX 50 iX-am\w {]mIvSn-°-en\v H∂mw h¿jhpw

c≠mw h¿jhpw e`n-°p-Ibpw Hmtcm h¿jhpw 45 iX-am-\w samØw e`n-°p-Ibpw

sNbvXm¬ am{Xta km£y-]{Xw ( k¿´n- n-°-‰v) \v A¿lX t\Sp-I-sbm≈q.

am¿°v td©v (iX-am-\-Øn¬) se‰¿ t{KUv

85 apX¬ 100 hsc A

70apX¬ 84 hsc B

55 apX¬ 69 hsc C

40 apX¬ 54 hsc D

40 Xn\p Xmsg E

87

Un.-C.-F¬.-Un. tImgvkp-I-fpsS aqey-\n¿Æ-b kvIow

{Ia- ]mkv Assk≥ ]mkv

\-º¿ tImgvkv BsI am¿°v sa‚ v C am¿°v BsI

t‚W¬

am¿°v

H∂mw-h¿jw

1. 501 ˛ C¥y-bnse {]Y-anI hnZym-`ymkw

kmaq-lnI kmwkvIm-cnI ImgvN-∏m-Sn¬ 70 28 30 12 100

2. 502 ˛ {]Ym-anI hnZym-e-b-Ønse

A[y-b\ coXn-Iƒ 70 28 30 12 100

3. 503 ˛ {]mY-an-I-X-e-Øn¬ `mjm-]-T\w 70 28 30 12 100

4. 504 ˛ KWnX ]T\w {]mY-anI Xe-Øn¬ 70 28 30 12 100

5. 505 ˛ ]cn-kc ]T\w {]mY-anI Xe-Øn¬ 70 28 30 12 100

6. kv°qƒ Xe Ct‚-W¬jn∏v 70 28 30 12 100

(a) 511 - hnZym-e-b-_-‘nX {]h¿Ø-\-߃ ˛ ˛ 100 50 100

(b) 512 - {]h¿Ø-\-im-e-_-‘nX

{]h¿Ø-\-߃ BsI ˛ ˛ 100 50 100

BsI 350 350 ˛ 700

A{K-tK‰v 45% -- ie 315

c≠mw h¿jw

1. 506 ˛ Ip´n-Isf ss\Xn-I-amb Ign-hns‚

ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ a\-kn-em°pI 70 28 30 12 100

2. 507 ˛ kaq-lhpw {]mY-anI hnZym-`ym-khpw 70 28 30 12 100

Ipdn∏v : ]p\: ]cn-tkm-[-\bpw aqey-\n¿Æ-bhpw aqew e`n-

°p∂ am¿°p-Iƒ (Ip-d-™-Xm-bmepw ]Ip-Xn-bm-

bmepw) AXv A¥na am¿°m-bn-cn-°pw. CXv ]p\:]cn-

tim-[-\bv°pw ]p\:aqey-\n¿Æ-b-Øn\pw At]-£n-

°p-∂-Xns\ ]Tn-Xm-°sf hne-°-Ww.

3. 508 ˛ se, Btcm-Kyw, ImbnIw

{]h¿Øn-]-T\w {]mY-anI Xe-Øn¬ 70 28 30 12 100

4. 509 ˛ kmaq-ly-imkv{Xw/imkv{X-]-T\w

{]mY-an-I-X-e-Øn¬ 70 28 30 12 100

5. kv°pfnse Ct‚-W¬jn∏v

(a) 513 ˛- {]h¿Ø-\-ime {]h¿Ø-\-߃ ˛ ˛ 100 50 100

514 ˛ {]mIvSokv So®nwKv 200 100 200

BsI 420 ˛ 700

A{K-tK‰v 45 % ie 315

BsI samØ-amb 630 770 ˛ 1400

Ipdn∏v : Xnbdn ]co-£-bv°v \¬In-bn-´p≈ 70 am¿°n\v 3 aWn-°q¿ BWv ka-bw.

88

h¿°vtjm∏v ˛ I

NIOS ]T\ tI{μw/inev]-ime tI{μw

{]mY-anI hnZym-`ym-k-Øn-ep≈ Untπma

inev]-im-e-bn¬ ]s¶-Sp-°p-hm-\p≈ Adn-bn∏v

t{]£n-X≥ kzoI¿Ømhv : \w:

]T-\-tI{μw/inev]-ime XobXn:

tI{μ-kw-Lm-S-I≥

________________________ ________________________

________________________ A[ym-]I hnZym¿∞n-bpsS

________________________ ta¬ hnemkw

________________________

________________________

________________________

{]nb A[ym-]-I≥,

Xmsg ]d-bp-∂-{]-Imcw ]{¥≠v Znh-ksØ inev]-ime-˛ I_________apX¬______________hsc- ______________¬ h®v \SØpw F∂v Adn-bn-°p-∂p.

BZy-Zn\w ]cn-]m-Sn°v dnt∏m¿´v sNøp∂ kabw 9 F.Fw.

tImƒs]-e‰dpw AXns‚ ]I¿∏pw lmP-cm-°pI

NIOS s‚ Xncn-®-dn-b¬ Im¿Upw ]I¿∏pw lmP-cm-°pI

\pdp-i-X-am\w lmP¿ Dd-∏p-h-cp-ØpI/lmP¿ Cfhv A\p-h-Zn-°p-∂-X-√.

F√m Znh-khpw Ht∂m ct≠m Ak-bvsa‚p-Iƒ Xcp-∂Xpw AXv ASpØ

Znhkw Xs∂ ka¿∏n-t°-≠-Xm-Wv. AXn-\mbn Znh-khpw inev]-im-e°p

tijw ct≠m aqt∂m aWn-°q¿ h¿°v sNtø-≠-Xm-Wv.

inev]-im-e-bn¬ ]s¶-Sp-°p-∂-h¿ ]T\ tI{μ-Øn\p kao-]Øp Xs∂

Xma-kn-t°-≠-Xm-Wv.

inev]-im-e-bn¬ sshIn FØp-∂-tXm, GsX-¶nepw Hcp skIvj-\n¬

am{Xambn lmP-cm -°p-∂-tXm, AIm-c -W-ambn eohv FSp -°p-∂tXm

A\p-h-Z-\o-b-a-√.

89

inev]-ime ˛1 ¬ ]s¶-Sp-°p-∂-h¿ Xmsg-∏-d-bp∂ Imcy-߃ sIm≠p htc-≠-Xm-Wv.

hnZym-eb tI{μoIrX {]h¿Ø\ dnt∏m¿´v

{]h¿Ø\ hgn-Im´n/ Ak-bvsa‚ v _p°vsse‰v

tImgvkp-Iƒ _p°p-Iƒ ˛tImgvkv tImSv 501b502, 503, 504, 505

]n.-kn.]n/ {]h¿Ø\ ]pkvX-I-߃

kv°qƒ ]pkvXIw

Assk≥sa‚ v Fgp-Xp-hm-\p≈ t]∏-dp-Iƒ GI-tZiw 200¬ Ipd-bmsX

Ãmπ¿, km‰vπ-b¿ ]n≥, ]i, kvsI®vt]\, kvsI-bn¬, s]≥kn¬

apX-em-bh

Assk≥sa‚p-Ifpw a‰p Ipdn-∏p-Ifpw kq£n-°m-\p≈ ^b¬

F√m-h¿°pw Biw-k-Iƒ

hniz-kvXtbmsS

(]-T-\-tI{μw/ inev]-ime tI{μ-tIm-Un-t\-‰¿)

90

h¿°vtjm∏v ˛ II

NIOS ]T\ tI{μw/inev]-ime tI{μw{]mY-anI hnZym-`ym-kØn\p≈ Untπma

(]-Tn-Xmhv Cu A\p-_-‘-Øns‚ Hcp ]qcn-∏n® tIm∏n-bpw,

_m¶v tIm∏nbpw ssIhiw kq£n-°-Ww)

]Tn-Xmhv tPmen sNøp∂ kv°qfnse ta[m-hn-bpsS km£y-]-{Xhpw

]Tn-Xm-hns‚ Unt¢-td-j\pw

(]-Tn-Xm-hns‚ kv°qfpw ]qcn-∏n® A\p-_-‘-Øns‚ ]I¿∏v kq£n-t°-≠-XmWv

]Tn-Xmhv Ct∏mƒ tPmen sNøp∂ kv°qfns‚ ta[m-hn-bpsS km£y-]{Xw

(ÿm-]\ ta[mhn Xs∂ ]qcn-∏n-t°-≠-Xm-Wv.)

km£y-s∏-Sp-Øp∂p

1. {io/ {ioa-Xn.-_____________________(]q¿Æ-\m-aw) Cu kv°qfnse So®¿

BWv F∂pw NIOS apX¬ -____________ (Xo-bXn) apX¬ -__________(-Xo-b-Xn) hsc \S-Øp∂ {]mY-anIhnZym-`ym-k-Øn-ep≈ Untπma tImgvkv

]Tn-°p∂p F∂pw km£y-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p.

2. {]kvXpX A[ym-]-Is‚ / A[ym-]n-I-bpsS Cu kv°qfnse A[ym-]\

]cn- ⁄m-\w--_____________________ h¿jw -__________________ BZy

Hcph¿jw ]q¿Øn-bm-°n-b-Xn-\p-tijw A[ym-]I hnZym¿∞n°v {]mtbm-KnI

]cn-io-e\w \¬Ip-∂-Xm-Wv.

kvIqƒko¬

_____________________

ÿm]-\-ta-[m-hnbpsS H∏v

Hm^okv ko¬ _____________________

XobXn ÿm]\ ta[m-hn-bpsS t]cv

91

A[ym-]I hnZym¿∞n-bpsS km£y-]{Xw

{io/{ioa-Xn. __________________________________________Assk≥sa‚ v

{io/ {ioaXn. _________________________________BWv Fs‚ \nco-£-I≥

Rm≥ km£y-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p.

1. inev]-im-e-bpsS F√m \nb-am-h-en-Ifpw ]men-°p∂Xmbn-cn°pw. inev]-

im-e-bpsS \nb-am-h-en°v FXn-cmbn {]h¿Øn-°p-∂-]£w inev]-im-e-bn¬

\n∂pw ]pdØm-°p∂ Xc-Øn-ep≈ \S-]-Sn-Iƒ kzoI-cn-°m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv.

2. inev]-im-e-bn¬ e`n-°p∂ k¿´n-^n-°‰v ÿm]\ ta[m-hnsb ImWn®p

sIm≈msa∂pw A[ym-]\ ]cn-io-e\w Pm\p-h-cn-bn¬ XpSßn ASp-Ø-h¿jw

BK-Ãn\v apºv Xo¿Øp sIm≈msa∂pw NIOS \njvI¿jn-®n- p≈ \nb-am-h-en-Iƒ

]men-®p-sIm≈msa∂pw km£y-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p.

3. apI-fn¬ ]d-™n-cn-°p∂ Imcy-߃°v hogvN-h-cp-Øp∂ ]£w ]T-\-tI-{μsØ

cPn. Fgp-Øp-h-gntbm/kv]oUvt]mÃv hgntbm Adn-bn®p sIm≈msa∂pw,

tIm¿Un-t\-‰¿ FSp-°p∂ GXp \ne-]m-Sp-Ifpw AwKo-I-cn®psIm≈msa∂pw

km£y-s∏-Sp-Øp∂p

A[ym-]nI hnZym¿∞n-bpsS

t]cv

F≥tdmƒsa≥dv \w:

XobXn

92

NIOS ]T-\-tI{μw/ inev]-ime tI{μw

{]mY-an-I-hn-Zym-`ym-k-Øn-ep≈ Untπma

{][m\ A[ym-]-Is‚ km£y-]{Xw

(A-\p-_-‘-Øn¬ ]qcn-∏n® tImgvkp-I-fn¬ kq£n-°pI)

1. {][m\ A[ym-]-I≥ kz¥w ssI∏-S-bn¬ A\p-_‘w ]qcn-∏n-°pI

2. ÿm]\ ta[mhn Cu tImgvkns‚ \√-co-Xn-bn-ep≈ \S-Øn-∏n-\pw,

hnP-b-Øn\pw NIOS ambn kl-I-cn-t°-≠-Xm-Wv.

3. A[ym-]IhnZym¿∞n-bpsS `mK-Øp-\n∂pw GsX-¶nepw Xc-Øn-ep≈

hogv®Iƒ hcpØp∂ ]£w AXv Ahsc Adn-bn-t°-≠Xpw XpS¿∂pw

AXv Bh¿Øn-®m¬ AXv ]T\ tI{μsØ Adn-bn-t°-≠Xpam-Wv.

hfsc {][m-\-s∏-´Xv

1. A[ym -]I hnZym¿∞n inev] -ime ˛1¬ ]s¶-Sp -°p -∂-Xns‚

k¿´n-^n-°-‰ns‚ Hdn-Pn-\¬ ÿm]\ ta[m-hnsb ImWn-°p-∂-Xpw,

At±lw AXns‚ Hcp tIm∏n a[y-th-\¬ Ah-[n-I-gn™p hcp-tºmƒ

Xs∂ Bh-iy-s∏-tS-≠-Xp-amWv.

Hdn-Pn-\¬ k¿´n- n-°‰v ImWn-®-Xn-\p-tijw am{Xta {]mIvSn-°¬ ¢mkv

FSp°p-hm≥ A\p-h-Zn-°m-hq.

2. sa‚-dpw, \nco-£-I\pw A[ym-]I hnZym¿∞n-bpsS ¢mkv apgp-h≥

ka-bhpw \nco-£nt°-≠Xpw A`n-{]m-b-ß-fpw, \n¿t±-i-ßfpw

sek¨ πm\n¬ tcJ-s∏-Sp-Ø-Ww. sek¨ U-en-th¿Uv F∂v

tcJ-s∏-Sp -Ønb ek¨kv Iym≥k¬ sNøp-∂Xpw A[ym-]I

hnZym¿∞nsb inev]-ime - II ¬ \n∂v Hgn-hm-°p-∂Xp-am-bn-cn°pw.

93

1. t]cv & ]T-\-tI-{μ-Øns‚ tImUv:

2. A[ym-]I hnZym¿∞nbpsS apgp-h≥ t]cv:

3. ]Tn-Xm-hns‚ ]q¿Æ-amb ta¬hn-emkw ]n≥ & t^m¨ \º¿,

Fkv.-Sn.Un tImUv

4. ]Tn-Xm-hns‚ tPmen-sN-øp∂ kvIqfns‚ {][m\ A≤ym-]-Is‚ t]cv:

5. kvIqfns‚ ]q¿Æ ta¬hn-em-khpw t^m¨ \ºdpw:

km£y-]{Xw

1. RßfpsS kvIqfn¬ ________________ apX¬ ________________ hsc-

bp≈ ¢mkp-Iƒ D≠v.

2. CXv _______________ * Kh¨sa‚ v AwKo-I-cn-®-Xm-Wv.

Rm≥ km£y-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p.

1. kvIqfp-ambn _‘-s∏- Xpw inev]-im-e-bp-ambn _‘-s∏- Xpw A[ym-]I

]cn-io-e-\-hp-ambn _‘-s∏-´Xpw NIOS \njvI¿jn-°p∂ F√m

Imcy-ßfpw Fs‚ Npa-X-e-I-sf-°p-dn®pw Rm≥ t_m[-hm-\m-Wv.

2. Rm≥ At±-lsØ ASpØ skj-\n-ep≈ A[ym-]-I-]-cn-io-e-\-Øn\v

P\p-h-cn-bn¬ A\p-h-Zn-°p-∂-Xm-Wv.

3 NIOS \njvI¿jn-°p∂ ka-b-Øn-\p-≈n¬ ]Tn-Xmhv {]mtbm-KnI

]cn-io-e\w ]q¿Øn-bm-t°-≠-Xpw, AXn\p hogvN-h-cp-Øp-∂-h-cpsS Imcyw

]T-\-tI-{μ-Øn¬ Adn-bn-t°-≠-Xp-am-Wv.

4. A\p-_-‘-Øn¬ tcJ-s∏-Sp-Ønb F√m Imcy-ßfpw Fs‚ kz¥w

ssI∏-S-bn¬ BWv F∂pw, Fs‚ ]q¿Æ-hn-izm-k-tØm-Sp-IqSn D≈-Xp-am-Wv.

kvIqƒko¬

H∏v ]Tn-Xm-hns‚ {][m\ A[ym-]-Is‚ H∏v

F≥tdmƒsa‚ v \w:

XobXn:

94

h¿°vtjm∏v-˛I

NIOS ]T-\-tI{μw / inev]-ime tI{μw--_________{]mY-anI hnZym- ym-k-Øn-\p≈ Untπma

(Cu A\p-_-‘-Øns‚ tIm∏n kvIqfn¬ kq£n-°p-I)

(Hmtcm ]Tn-Xm-hn\pw Hmtcm A\p-_‘w D]-tbm-Kn-°pI)

am¿§-Z¿in-bn¬ \n∂pw, \nco-£-I-\n¬ \n∂pw, {][m\ A[ym-]-I-\n¬ \n∂p-ap≈

km£y-]{Xw

\nco-£-I\pw / am¿§-Z¿inbpw km£y-]-{X-Øns‚ ]I¿∏v kq£n-°pI

1. \nco-£-I\pw/am¿K-Z¿inbpw NIOS ¬ \n∂pw ssI∏-‰p∂ {]mIvSn-°¬

]pkvX-Ihpw t{]m{Kmw-ssKUpw A°m-U-anIv Imcy-sØ-°p-dn-®p≈

ssI]p-kvX-Ihpw hy‡-ambn a\- n-em-°-Ww.

2. A[ym-]I hnZym¿∞n°v NIOS \njvI¿°p∂ coXn-bn¬ ek¨ πm≥

Fgp-Xp-hm\pw, A[ym-]\ anIhv Iq´p-hm\pw th≠n-bp≈ klm-b-߃

\¬Ip-I.

3. Ch¿ A[ym-]-I-hn-Zym¿∞n ]cn-io-e\w sNøp∂ hnZym-ebw kμ¿in-

t°-≠-Xm-Wv.

4. Ch¿ A[ym-]-I-hn-Zym¿∞n-bpsS ¢m v apgp-h≥ ka-bhpw \nco£n-

t°-≠Xpw A`n-{]m-b-ßfpw \n¿t±-i-ßfpw tcJ-s∏-Sp-tØ-≠Xpw.

Bh-iy-sa-¶n¬ hm°n¬ IqSn-bp≈ \n¿t±iw \¬tI-≠-Xp-am-Ip-∂p.

5. Xncp-ج C√m-Ø-Xpw, \n¿Ωm-W-]-c-amb \n¿t±-i-߃ C√m-Ø-Xp-amb

ek¨πm-\p-Iƒ kq£va-]-cn-tim-[-\ ka-b-Øv Hgn-hm-°p-∂-Xm-Wv.

AXp-sIm≠v sa‚p-sS-bpw, \nco-£-I-s‚bpw ]q¿Æk-l-I-cWw Bh-iy-am-Wv.

95

\nco-£-I\pw / sa‚dpw tPmen-sN-øp∂ ÿm]\ A[n-Im-cn-bpsS km£y-]{Xw

ÿm]\ta[mhn kz¥w ssI∏-S-bn¬ ]qcn-∏n-t°-≠Xv

{io/{ioaXn -_________________________________________________ (t]cv)

Cu ÿm]-\-Øn¬ A[ym-]-I≥/ A[ym-]n-I-bmbn -________________ap-X¬

tPmen sNøp-∂p.

F\n°v {]kvXpX A[ym-]-Is\ NIOS s‚ A[ym-]-I-]-cn -io-e-\-Øns‚

\nco-£-I-cmbn A\p-h-Zn-°p-∂-Xn\v FXn¿∏p-Iƒ H∂p-an-√.

kvIqƒ ta¬hn-emkw ]n≥ & t^m¨ {][m\ A[ym-]-Is‚ H∏v

t]cv

ko¬

Rm≥ km£y-s∏-Sp-Øp∂p XobXn :

1. F\n°v -___________ h¿jw A[ym-]\ ]cn-Nbw D≠v (A-£-c-Øn¬)

2. Rm≥ NIOS \njvI¿®n-´p≈ \nb-am-h-en-sb-°p-dn®pw PTQSBA sb°p-dn®pw

ek¨ πm-\ns‚ LS-\-sb-°p-dn®pw t_m[-hm≥ BWv.

3. NIOS \njvI¿jn-°p∂ {]Imcw ]Tn-Xm-hn\v th≠ \n¿t±-i-ßfpw klm-b-ßfpw

\¬Im-sa-∂pw, \nco-£-W-߃ \S-Øn-s°m≈msa∂pw Dd-∏p-X-cp-∂p.

4. Rm≥ tPmen-sN-øp∂ kv°qfpw /hoSpw ]cn-io-e\w \S-Øp∂ kvIqfpw

XΩn-ep≈ Zqcw- -____________________________KM (A-£-c-Øn¬)

5. Cu A\p-_‘w Fs‚ AdnthmSpw kΩ-X-tØm-Sp-IqSn Fs‚ kz¥w

ssI∏-S-bn¬ Xøm-dm-°n-bm-XmWv

t]mìhn-em-kw, ]n≥, t^m¨

\nco-£-I≥ tPmen-sN-øp∂ kv°ofns‚ hnemkw _________________

\nco-£-Is‚ hoSv hnem-kw, \nco£-Is‚ H∏v

96

h¿°vtjm∏v-˛I

NIOS ]T-\-tI{μw /inev]-ime tI{μw

{]mY-anI hnZym- ym-k-Øn-ep≈ Untπma

hnZym-e-b-hp-ambn _‘-s∏´ {]h¿Ø-\-ß-ƒ (SBA)

(]-Tn-Xmhv kz¥w ssI∏-S-bn¬ Idp-Ø-ajn t]\ D]-tbm-Kn®v ]qcn-∏n-t°-≠-Xv)

]T-\-tI-{μ-Øns‚ t]cpw tImUpw: ________________________________

]Tn-Xm-hns‚ ]q¿Æ-t]cv henb A£-c-Øn¬: _______________________

{Ia-\-º¿: __________________ kvs]jy¬ t]∏¿: _________________

hnj-b-Xo-bXn: 1 2.

{Ia {]h¿Ø-\-߃ D-]-{]-h¿Ø-\-ß-fp-sS t]cp-I-fpsS D≈-S-°-ß-fpsS

\w t]cv FÆw- hnh-c-߃

1. tIkv ÃUn

2. kvIqfn-se-bpw, i. Ip´n-I-fpsS t{]m{Kkv

¢mkn-tebpw dnt∏m¿´v Xøm-dm-°¬dPn-Ã-dp-I-fp-sSbpw ii. \nco-£-W-tc-J-bpsStcJ-I-fp-sSbpw dnt∏m¿´v Xøm-dm-°¬kq£n∏pw ({]-tXy-I \nco-£-W-]cn-]m-e-\hpw hp-ambn _‘-s∏- -Xv)

iii. ka-b-{I-ao-I-cWwk÷o-I-c-Whpw/]Icw¢mkp-I-fpsSka-b-{I-ahpw

iv. hmb-\-ap-dn°pw,em_n\pw, ImbnIa’-c-߃°pwBh-iy-amb tcJ-IƒXøm-dm-°¬

3. kvIqfnse ]cn-]mSn i. kvIqƒ AkwªnIfn-te-°p≈ kwL-Sn-∏n-°p-I-bpw,kw`m-h\ a‰p {]h¿Ø-\-ßfp

sSbpw, DXv]-∂-ßfpsSbpw dnt∏m¿´vXøm-dm-°¬

ii. PTA/MTA/SMC Ch-bpsSdnt∏m¿´v Xøm-dm-°¬

97

Cu h¿jsØ _________________amk-ß-fn¬ ]cn-io-e\ kvIqfnse 1 apX¬

3 hsc ]´n-I-bn¬ ]d-™n-cn-°p∂ kvIqƒ A[n-jvTnX {]h¿Ø-\-߃ Rm≥ kzbw

sNbvXpw dnt∏m¿´v Xøm-dn-°n-b-Xp-am-sW∂v Dd∏p \evIp-∂p.

A[ym-]I hnZym¿∞nbpsS H∏v

XobXn:

kq∏¿ssh-k¿/sa‚-dpsS am¿§-\n¿t±i-a-\p-k-cn®v taev]-d™ A[ym-]-I-hn-Zym¿∞n

kvIqƒ A[n-jvTnX {]h¿Ø-\-ßfpw tcJ-Ifpw Cu hnZym-e-b-Øn¬ ssIImcyw

sNbvXn- p-≈-Xm-sW∂pw CXn-\m¬ km£y-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p. (sa‚dpw {][m-\m-[ym-]n-

Ibpw km£y-s∏-Sp-tØ-≠-Xm-Wv.

Rm≥ Xøm-dm°n ka¿∏n-®n- p-≈-Xm-Wv.

________________ _____________________________

sa‚-dpsS H∏v A[ym-]-I-hn-Zym¿∞nbpsS H∏v

XobXn: XobXn:

_________________________

{][m-\m-[ym-]n-I-bpsS H∏v

XobXn:

Hm^okv ap{Z

{i≤n-°pI: Cu s{]mt^m¿a-bn¬ ]d™ncn°p∂ F√m tcJ-Ifpw sa‚-¿/

F®v. -Fw. H∏n´v inev]-im-e-bpsS H∂mw skjs‚ BZy Znh-kw-Xs∂

ssI∏-t‰-≠-Xm-Wv.

98

h¿°vtjm∏v-˛I

NIOS ]T-\-tI{μw /inev]-ime tI{μw

{]mY-anI hnZym- ym-k-Øn-ep≈ Untπma

inev]-ime- I ]q¿Øo-I-cn-®-Xn-\p≈ k¿´n- n-°‰v

NIOS ]T-\-tI-{μhpw/inev]-im-e-tI-{μhpw \njvI¿jn® {]Imcw inev]-ime I

& II hnP-b-I-c-ambn ]q¿Øn-bm-°nb NIOS A[ym-]I hnZym¿∞n-Iƒt° k¿´n-

^n-°-‰n\v A¿l-X-bp-≈q.

inev]-im-e-bpsS kwLm-S-I≥ kz¥w ssI∏-S-bn¬ ]qcn-∏n-t°-≠-Xv.

[CXns‚ ]I¿∏v kq£n-°pI]

t{]m{Km-ans‚ t]cpw tImUpw: inev]-ime: I

A[ym-]-I-hn-Zym¿∞n-bpsS ]q¿Æ-amb t]cv henb A£-c-Øn¬: __________

F≥tdmƒsa‚ v \w: _______________

NIOS \n¿t±-in® {]Im-c-ap≈ am\-Z-WvU-߃ ]men-®p-sIm≠v apI-fn¬ ]d-™n-cn-

°p∂ hnZym¿∞n Xs‚ ]T-\-{]-h¿Ø-\-߃ Xmsg-∏-d-bp∂ coXn-bn¬ Cu kvIqfn¬

]q¿Øo-I-cn-®n-cn-°p-∂p.

1. kvIqfp-ambn _‘-s∏ v {]h¿Ø-\-ß-fpsS \n¿t±-in® coXn-bn-ep≈ ka¿∏-Ww.

______________¬ (Xo-b-Xn) XpSßn _______________ (Xo-b-Xn) Ah-km-\n-®p.

2. inev]-ime I

________________(Xo-b-Xn) ¬ XpSßn _______________(Xo-b-Xn) Ah-km-\n-®p.

am¿§-Z¿in-bpsS t]cv ]q¿Æambn : ____________________

\nco-£-Is‚ t]cv ]q¿Æ-ambn : ____________________

inev]-ime tI{μ-Øns‚ t]cpw

ta¬hn-em-khpw t^m¨\-ºcpw ___________________________

inev]-ime kwLm-S-Is‚ H∏v

kvIqƒ ko¬ ___________________________

t]cv henb A£-c-Øn¬

Hm^okv ko¬ XobXn:

99

h¿°vtjm∏v-˛II

{]mY-anI hnZym-`ym-k-Øn-ep≈ Untπma

inev]-im-e ˛ -II ¬ ]s¶-Sp-°p-hm-\p≈ Adn-bn∏v

t{]£n-X≥ kzoI¿Ømhv : \w:

]T-\-tI{μw/inev]-ime XobXn:

tI{μ-kw-Lm-S-I≥ A[ym-]I hnZym¿∞n \w:

________________________ ____________________ XobXn:

________________________ ____________________________________________ ____________________

____________________

{]nb A[ym-]-I hnZym¿∞n,

Cu tImgvkns‚ `mK-ap≈ 12 Znh-ksØ inev]-ime_________apX¬______________hsc- Xmsg-∏-d-bp∂ coXn-bn¬ \S-Øp-∂-Xm-Wv F∂v

Adn-bn-°p-∂p.

lmP-cm-tI≠ kabw 9 am

Adn-bn∏p e`n-®p-sIm-≠p≈ IØpw AXns‚ ]I¿∏pw lmP-cm-°p-I.

NIOS Xncn-®-dn-b¬ Im¿Upw, ]I¿∏pw lmP-cm-°p-I.

inev]-ime I ]q¿Øn-bm-°n-b-Xns‚ Ak¬ k¿´n- n-°‰v

A\p-_‘w 1˛4 hsc-bp-≈h ]qcn-∏n-®-Xv.

t{]m{Km-an¬ ]s¶-Sp-°m≥ hcp-∂-X-h¿ 2 en‰¿ IpSn-sh≈w Ip∏n-bn¬

Icp-tX≠Xm-Wv.

]I¿∏p-I-fpsS tIm∏n-Iƒ A4 t]∏-dn¬ FSp-°-Ww.

CXns‚ H∏w 4 A\p-_-‘-߃ tN¿Øn- p-≠v.

F√m A\p-_-‘-ßfpw ]qcn-∏n-t°-≠Xpw _‘-s∏- -h¿ H∏n-tS-≠-Xp-am-Wv.

inev]-im-e-bpsS hnP-b-I-c-amb ]q¿Øo-I-c-W-Øn-\mbn Xm¶ƒ A\p-_-‘-

ß-fn¬ ]d-™n-cn-°p∂ \n¿t±-i-߃ ]q¿Øo-I-cn-®n-cn-t°-≠-Xm-Wv.

inev]-ime t_m¿Uv ]co-£-t]mse Xs∂-bm-Wv. inev]-im-e-bpsS

F√m L´-Ønepw 100% lmP¿ AXym-h-iy-am-Wv. CXn¬ Hcp Cfhpw

D≠m-bn-cn-°p-∂-X-√.

100

inev]-im-e-bn¬ ]s¶-Sp-°p-∂-h¿°v Znh-khpw 2 Assk≥sa‚p hoXw

\¬Ip-∂-Xm-Wv. AXp ASpØ Znhkw Xs∂ ka¿∏n-t°-≠-Xn-\m¬

inev]-imem tI{μ-Øn¬ Xs∂ ]Tn-Xmhv Xma-kn-t°-≠-Xm-Wv.

inev]-ime - I hnP-b-I-c-ambn ]q¿Øn-bm°n k¿´n-^n-°‰v t\Sn-bn´pw

A[ym-]\ ]cn-io-e\w ]q¿Øn-bm-°m-Ø-h¿°v inev]-ime II ¬ Adn-bn∏v

In´n-bmepw ]s¶-Sp-°m≥ A¿l-X-bp-≠m-bn-cn-°p-∂-X-√.

am{X-a√ ]mT-`m-K-߃ ]q¿Øn-bm-bn-s√-¶nepw a‰p t]∏-dp-Iƒ Xøm-dm-bn-

s√¶n¬ inev]-im-e-bn¬ ]s¶-Sp-°m≥ A\p-hm-Z-an-√.

Aßn-s\-bp-≈-t∏mƒ AXns‚ ImcWw _‘-s∏-´-hsc cPn.X]m-en¬

Adn-bn-°-Ww.

{][m-\-s∏-´h

1) Xm¶ƒ _‘-s∏´ F√m tcJ-Ifpw ]cn-tim-[n-t°-≠Xpw F√m t]∏-dp-Ifpw

Xøm-dm-t°-≠-Xpw, Bh-iy-ap-≈n-SØv H∏p-Iƒ hmtß-≠-Xp-am-Wv.

2) A\p-_-‘-ß-fpsS ]qcn-∏n-°mØ ]I¿∏v kq£n-I-tI-≠-Xm-Wv.

3) AXp-t]mse A\p-_-‘-ß-fpsS Hcp sk‰v ]qcn-∏n® ]I¿∏v kq£n-°-Ww.

4) `mhn-bnse D]-tbm-K-Øn-\mbn apI-fn¬ ]d™ F√m-Øn-s‚bpw ]I¿∏v

FSpØp kq£n-°p-I.

]Tn-Xmhv sIm≠p-h-tc≠ a‰p-h-kvXp-°ƒ

A[ym-]-Is\ ]cn-io-e-\-Øns‚ ka-bØv FSpØ ]mT-`m-K-ß-fpsS

sdt°m¿Uv.

]≤Xn cq]-tc-Jbpw Assk≥sa‚ v _p°pw.

101

inev]-im-e-bn¬ BZy-Zn\w Xs∂ Xma-kn-s®-Øp-∂Xv Hgn-hm-°p-∂-Xn\v

inev]-ime XpS-ßp-∂-Xns‚ Xte∂v Xs∂ tI{μ-Øn¬ FØn-t®-cp-I.

F√m ]mTy-]p-kvX-I-ßfpw

PCP {]mtbm-KnI ]pkvXIw

Assk≥sa‚p-Iƒ Fgp-Xp-hm-\p≈ t]∏-dp-Iƒ Ipd-™Xv 200 FÆw.

Ãmπ¿, ]n≥, ]i, _lp-h¿Æ kvsI®v t]\, kvsIbn¬, s]≥kn¬ apX-

em-bh

I´n-bp≈ Hcp b¬, tcJ-I-fpw, t\m´p-I-fpw, Assk≥sa‚pw kq£n-°m≥

Icp-Xp-I.

Hcp t]∏-dn¬ ]Tn-Xm-hns‚ t]cpw, {Ia-\-º-dpw, tI{μ-Øn-s‚-t]cpw a‰pw

hy‡-ambn FgpXn ^b-ens‚ ]pdØv H´n-°-Ww.

hniz-kvX-X-tbm-sS,

]T-\-tI{μ kwLm-S-I≥

102

{]mY-anI hnZym- ym-k-Øn-ep≈ Untπma

(A[ym-]I hnZym¿∞n ]qcn-∏n-t°-≠-Xv)

1. ]T-\-tI-{μ-Øns‚ t]cpw tImUpw: ______________________________________

2. ]Tn-Xm-hns‚ t]cv: ______________________________________________________

3. {Ia-\-º¿: __________________ 4. sF›nI hnjbw: __________________

5. tPmen-sN-øp∂ kvIpfns‚ hnem-khpw ]n≥tImUpw t^m¨ \ºdpw:

________________________________________________________________________

6. tPmen-sN-øp∂ kvIqfns‚ ÿm]\ ta[m-hnbpsS t]cv: __________________

7. am¿§-\n¿t±-i-Is‚ t]cpw hnem-khpw: ________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

\n¿t±-in-°p-Ibpw, \nco-£n-°p-Ibpw sNbvX ]mT- m-K-߃:

`mj(-\w)_________IW-°v(-\w)_________Chn-F-kv(-\w) Fkv.kn/

Fkv.-F-kv.kn (\w) _________

8. \nco-£-Is‚ t]cpw hnem-khpw: __________________________________________

\n¿t±-in-°p-Ibpw, \nco-£n-°p-Ibpw sNbvX ]mT- m-K-߃:

`mj(-\w)_________IW-°v(-\w)_________Chn-F-kv(-\w) Fkv.kn/

Fkv.-F-kv.kn (\w) _________

A[ym-]I hnZym¿∞n tPmen-sN-øp∂ kvIqfnse tae-[n-Im-cn-bpsS km£y-]{Xw

{io/{ioaXn. _____________________________________________F≥tdmƒsa‚ v \º¿

___________________________ Cu ÿm]\Øn¬ Hcp ÿncw A[ym-]-I-\m-Wv.

kvIqƒ ko¬

XobXn slUvam-Ã-dpsS H∏v

Hm^okv ko¬

103

h¿°vtjm∏v-˛II

NIOS ]T-\-tI{μw /inev]-ime tI{μw

A≤ym-]I hnZym¿∞n-bpsS km£y-]{Xw

1. apI-fnse A\p-_-‘-Øn¬ tcJ-s∏-Sp-Ønb Imcy-߃ kXy-amWv F∂pw Fs‚

kz¥w ssI∏-S-bn¬ tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øn-b-Xm-sW∂pw Adn-bn-°p-∂p. ta¬]-d™

Imcy-߃ GsX-¶nepw H∂v sX‰m-sW∂v Is≠-Øp∂ ]£w NIOS {]mtZ-inI

tI{μw FSp-°p∂ GXp \S-]-Sn-Ifpw Rm≥ kzoI-cn-°p-∂-Xm-bn-cn-°pw.

2. _‘-s∏´ hy‡n-I-fpsS \n¿t±-i-Øn-\pw, \nco-£-W-Øn\pw A\p-k-cn®v Xmsg-

∏-d-bp∂ {]h¿Ø-\-߃ kvIqfn¬ \SØn k¿´n- n-°‰pw H∏pw In´n-sb∂v

km£y-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p.

aq∂p \n¿_‘ ]T-\-hn-j-bØn¬ Ipd-™Xv 10 ek¨ πm≥ F¶nepw AXp-

t]mse sF›nI hnj-b-Ønepw 10 ek¨ πm≥ F¶nepw D≠m-bn-cn-°-Ww.

]mT- mKw ______________XobXn XpSßn ____________XobXn Ah-km-\n-®p.

3. inev]-im-e-bn¬ ]s¶-Sp-°p-∂-Xn¬ hogvN-h-cp-Øn-bm¬ ASp-Ø-h¿jw

]s¶-Sp-°p-∂-Xm-bn-cn-°psa∂v in¬]-ime kwLm-S-I\v Dd-∏p-\¬Ip-∂p.

4. Fs‚ sa‚-dn -s‚bpw \nco-£-Is‚bpw Iogn¬ A[ym-]-I-]-cn -io-e\w

\S-Øp-∂-Xm-bn-cn-°pw.

5. A\p-_-‘-ß-fn-¬ Rm≥ \¬In-bn-cn-°p∂ hnh-c-߃ ]q¿Æ-ambpw kXy-amWv

F∂pw Fs‚ Adn-hn¬ D≈Xv BWv F∂pw A√m-Ø-]£w NIOS s‚

\nb-a-Øn\p hnt[-b-amb GXp \S-]-Sn-Ifpw kzoI-cn-®p-sIm-≈m-sa∂pw

km£y-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p.

{]Y-a-A-[ym-]-I-s‚bpw A[ym-]I hnZym¿∞n-bp-sSbpw H∏v:

XobXn:

F®v.-Fw. ko¬ XobXn:

104

h¿°vtjm∏v-

{]mY-anI hnZym- ym-k-Øn-ep≈ Untπma

\nco-£-I-t‚bpw am¿§-\n¿t±-i-I-s‚bpw km£n-]{Xw(am¿§-\n¿t±-i-I\pw \nco-£-I\pw kz¥w ssI∏-S-bn¬ ]qcn-∏n-t°-≠Xv)

tImgvkns‚ hnP-b-I-chpw KpW-]-c-hp-amb ]q¿Øo-I-c-W-Øn-\mbn

{]Ya A[ym-]-I\pw am¿§-\n¿t±-i-I\pw NIOS ambn kl-I-cn-t°-≠-XmWv

A[ym-]-I-hn-Zym¿∞n ]qcn-∏n-t°-≠Xv

1. ]T-\-tI-{μ-Øns‚ t]cpw tImUpw: ______________________________________

2. ]Tn-Xm-hns‚ ]q¿Æ-amb t]cv: ___________________________________________

3. -Aw-K-Xz-\-º¿: ____________ 4. sF›n-hn-jbw: _________________________

________________________________________________________________________

(am¿§-Z¿in ]qcn-∏n-t°-≠-Xv)

am¿§-Z¿in-bpsS t]cv henb A£-c-Øn¬: __________________________________

tbmKyX: _____________________ A[ym-]\]cn-Nbw: ____________________h¿jw

(A£-c-Øn¬)

Rm≥ km£y-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p.

Fs‚ \nco-£-W-Øn-epw, am¿§-\n¿t±-i-Ønepw apI-fnse A[ym-]I hnZym¿∞n

28 ]cn-io-e-\-¢m-kp-Iƒ `mj(7) KWnXw (7), F∂o hnj-b-ß-fn¬ NIOS

\n¿t±-in® {]Imcw ______________ apX¬ _________________ hsc \S-Øn.

A\p-_-‘-߃ F√mw Rm≥ Xs∂ tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øn-b-Xm-Wv.

am¿§-Z¿in-bpsS H∏v

XobXn:

105

(\n-co-£-I≥ ]qcn-∏n-t°-≠-Xv)

\nco-£s‚ ]q¿Æ-amb t]cv: ______________________________________________

tbmKyX: _____________________ A[ym-]\ ]cn-Nbw ___________________ h¿jw

Rm≥ km£y-s∏-Sp-Øp∂p:

Fs‚ \n¿t±-i-Ønepw am¿§-\n¿t±-i-Ønepw apI-fn¬ ]d-™n-cn-°p∂ A[ym-]-I-

hn-Zym¿∞n 12 ]cn-io-e-\-¢m-kp-Iƒ `mj (3), KWnXw (3) EVS (3) Sc./S.Sc (3) F∂o

hnj-b-ß-fn¬ NIOS \n¿t±-in® {]Imcw __________ apX¬ _________ hsc \S-Øn.

A\p-_-‘߃ F√mw Rm≥ Xs∂ tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øn-b-Xm-Wv.

\nco-£-I-s‚ H∏v:

XobXn:

106

NIOS ]T\-tI{μw/inev]-imem tI{μw

{]mY-anI hnZym- ym-k-Øn-ep≈ Untπma

(A-[ym-]I hnZym¿I∞n kz¥w ssI∏-S-bn¬ Idp-Ø-a-jn-sIm≠v

]qcn-∏n-t°-≠Xv)

\mev hnj-b-߃°v \mev A\p-_‘w D]-tbm-Kn-°p-I.

1. ]T-\-tI-{μ-Øns‚ t]cpw tImUpw: ______________________________________

2. ]Tn-Xm-hns‚ t]cv: ___________________________________________________

3. AwK-Xz-\-º¿: _____________________

4. sF›nI hnjbw: _________________

5. Hmtcm hnj-b-Ønepw FSpØ ]mT- m-K-߃ (`m-j, KWn-Xw, EVS, SC/S.sc)

Hmtcm hnj-b-Øn\pw {]tXyIw jo‰v D]-tbm-Kn-°p-I.

am¿§-\n¿t±-i-Is‚ t]cv: _____________________

]mT-Øns‚ XobXn ]mT-`mKw FSpØ ]T\D]-I-cWw am¿§-Z¿in-bpsS {Ia-\-º¿ ]ocn-b-Uns‚ t]cv \nco-£Ww

{io/{ioaXn _______________ \nco-£-I≥ {io/{ioaXn_________________________

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

NIOS s‚ ta¬]-d™ am¿§-\n¿t±-i-߃°v A\p-k-cn®v A[ym-]-I-hn-Zym¿∞n

apI-fn¬ ]d-bp∂ ]mT`m-K-߃ apI-fn¬ ]d-™n-cn-°p∂ Xob-Xn-I-fn¬ ]Tn-∏n-®p.

{][m\ A[ym-]-Is‚ H∏v A[ym-]-I-hn-Zym¿∞n-bpsS H∏v

XobXn: XobXn:

107

ek¨ πm\n¬ am¿§-\n¿t±-inbpw \nco-£-I\pw \n¿t±-i-ßfpw A`n-{]m-b-ßfpw

tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øp-I.

]mT- m-K-ß-sf-°p-dn-®p≈ shdpw ]cm-a¿iw am{XamI-cp-Xv.

inev]ime II s‚ BZy-Zn\w Xs∂ A[ym-]-I-hn-Zym¿∞n ek-¨/πm\pw

TCPM/Dw, \nco-£-I-\pw, am¿§-Z¿inbpw {][m\ A[ym-]-I\pw H∏n´v

lmP-cm-t°-≠-Xm-Wv.

{][m\ A[ym-]-I≥ 10 ek- πm\n-t‚bpw D≈n¬ H∏n-tS-≠-Xm-Wv.

108

{]mYanI hnZym- ym-k-Øn-ep≈ Untπma

inev]-ime ˛ ]q¿Øo-I-cn-®-Xn-\p≈ k¿´n-^n-°‰v

NIOS ]T-\-tI-{μhpw/inev]-ime tI{μhpw \njvI¿jn® {]Imcw inev]-ime

I - II hnP-b-I-c-ambn ]q¿Øn-bm-°nb NIOS A[ym-]I hnZym¿∞n-Iƒs°

k¿´n- n-°-‰n\v A¿l-X-bp-≈q.

inev]-imebpsS kwLm-S-I≥ kz¥w ssI∏-S-bn¬ ]qcn-∏n-t°-≠-Xm-Wv.

[CXns‚ ]I¿∏v kq£n-°pI]

t{]m{Km-ans‚ t]cpw tImUpw : inev]-ime II

A[ym-]-I-hn-Zym¿∞n-bpsS t]cv henb A£-c-Øn¬ :

{Ia-\-º¿ : ________________

NIOS \n¿t±-in-®-{]-Im-c-ap≈ am\-Z-WvU-߃ ]men-®p-sIm≠v apI-fn¬ ]d-™n-cn-

°p∂ A[ym-]I hnZym¿∞n Xs‚ ]T\ {]h¿Ø-\-߃ Xmsg∏d-bp∂ coXn-bn¬

]q¿Øo-I-cn-®n-cn-°p-∂p.

1. kvIqfp-I-fp-ambn _‘-s∏´ {]h¿Ø-\-ß-fpsS \n¿t±-in® coXn-bn-ep≈

ka¿∏Ww.

________________ (XobXn) XpSßn ________________ (Xob-Xn) Ah-km-\n-®p.

2. inev]-ime I/II

________________ (XobXn) XpSßn ________________ (Xob-Xn) Ah-km-\n-®p.

am¿§-\n¿t±-in-bpsS t]cv : ________________

\nco-£-Is‚ t]cv : ________________

_________________________

inev]-imem kwLm-S-Is‚ H∏v

inev]-im-em-tI-{μ-Øns‚ t]cpw ta¬hn-em-khpw t^m¨\-ºcpw

_________________________

t]cv henb A£-c-Øn¬

kvIqƒ ko¬ Hm^okv ko¬ Xob-Xn.

109

National Institute of Open Schooling

[am\-h-hn- h a{¥m-e-b-Øns‚ Iogn-ep≈ kzbw- -c-W-ÿm-]\w]

A-24/25 Institution Area, Sector 62, Gautam Budh Nagar NOIDA 201309

{]mY-anI hnZym- ym-k-Øn-ep≈ Untπma B

_UvP‰v amXrI : 20....

1. ]T\ tI{μ-Øns‚ t]cpw, hnem-khpw tImUpw : ________________

2. _m¶v A°u≠v \º¿ : ________________

3. ]T\ tI{μ-Øns‚ kwLm-S-Is‚ t]cv : ________________

4. Pn√/tImUv : ________________

5. dntkmgvkv hy‡n-I-fpsS FÆw : ________________

6. \nco-£-I-cpsS FÆw

(H∂p hoXw 10 am¿§-\n¿t±-i-I¿°v) : ________________

7. am¿§-\n¿t±-in-I-fpsS FÆw : ________________

(A©v A[ym-]-I¿°v Hcp am¿§-\n¿t±-i-I≥)

8. A[ym-]-I-hn-Zym¿∞n-I-fpsS FÆw : ________________

9. I≠nP≥kn

(100 cq] A[ym-]I hnZym¿∞n-°v)

10. thX\w : ________________

(a) kwLm-S-I≥

(amkw 1500 cq] hoXw 10 amkw 20__) :

(b) Hm^okv Akn-Â v

(amkw 750 cq] hoXw 10 amkw 20__) :

(c) ]yq¨

(amkw 500 cq] hoXw 10 amkw 20__) :

BsI :

XobXn :

ko¬ : ]T-\-tI-{μ-Ønse kwLm-S-Is‚ H∏v

110

NIOS ]T\-tI{μw/inev]-imem tI{μw

{]mY-anI hnZym- ym-k-Øn-\p≈ Untπma

inev]-im-e-bp-ambn _‘-s∏´ {]h¿Ø-\-ß-fn¬ dntkmgvkv hy‡n-°p-ff

A`n-{]-b-Øns‚ amXrI

A°m-U-an°v h¿jw 20˛ - apX¬ 20˛ - ˛ hsc (H∂mw/c≠mw h¿j)

inev]-ime \S∂ tI{μ-Øns‚

t]cpw ta¬hn-em-khpw : ________________

tImUv \º¿ :________________ kμ¿i\ Ime-b-fhv (________________ apX¬

________________hsc) = ________________ Znhkw

am\-ZWvUw aXn∏v

(1 ˛ Xr]vXn-I-c-a-√, 2 ˛ icm-i-cn, 3 ˛ \√-Xv, 4 ˛ hfsc \√-Xv, 5 ˛ anI-®-Xv)

A. inev]-im-e-bp-ambn _‘-s∏´ Imcy-߃

Znh-tk-\-bp≈ {]h¿Ø-\-ß-fn¬ A[ym-]I

hnZym¿∞n-I-fpsS lmP¿ : 1, 2, 3, 4, 5

A[ym-]-I- hn-Zym¿∞n-Iƒ ImWn-°p∂ ka-b-\njvT : 1, 2, 3, 4, 5

A[ym-]-I -hn-Zym¿∞n-I-fpsS {]Xn-I-cW coXn : 1, 2, 3, 4, 5

inev]-imem kwLm-S-Is‚ kq£vaX : 1, 2, 3, 4, 5

Hmtcm `mK-ß-fp-sSbpw XpS-°hpw HSp-°hpw

kw_-‘n®v : 1, 2, 3, 4, 5

111

Hmtcm taJ-ebpw ssIImcyw sNøp-∂-Xn-ep≈

dntkmgvkv hy‡n-bpsS IrXy-\njvT : 1 2 3 4 5

dntkmgvkv hy‡n A[ym-]I hnZym¿∞nsb

hne-bn-cp-Øp∂ coXn : 1 2 3 4 5

inev]-imem kwLm-S-I≥ A[ym-]I

hnZym¿∞nsb hne-bn-cp-Øp∂ coXn : 1 2 3 4 5

Hmtcm Znh-khpw e`n-°p∂ {]Xn-I-cWßfpsS coXn : 1 2 3 4 5

kab {Ia-Øns‚ ]cn-]m-e\w : 1 2 3 4 5

inev]-imem kwLm-S-I¿ \¬Ip∂ \n¿t±-i-߃ : 1 2 3 4 5

B. inev]-imebpw {]h¿Ø-\-L-S\

inev]-ime kw_-‘n-®p≈ Adn-bn∏v ]q¿Æ-ambpw

]ptcm-K-Xn-®-Xm-tWm. : AsX / A√

inev]im-e-bpsS F√m `mKØpw kab

¢n]vXX ]ment®m : AsX / A√

ka-b-{Iaw Bh-iym-\p-k-cWw hn -Pn-°tWm : AsX / A√

Hmtcm ]Tn-Xmhpw Hmtcm taJ-e-bnepw

hne-bn-cp-Ø-s∏t´m : AsX / A√

{]Xn-I-cWØn\p≈ Ah-kcw F√m

Znh-k-Øn-s‚bpw Ah-km\w e`nt®m : AsX / A√

dntkmgvkv hy‡n-bpsS H∏v :

XobXn :

112

A[ym-]I hnZym¿∞n-Iƒ°v PCP sb°p-dn®pw, ]T\ kma-{Kn-I-sf-°p-dn®p

A`n-{]mbw tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øp-hm-\p≈ amXrI

A[ym-]I hnZym¿∞n-bpsS t]cv : ________________

{Ia-\-º¿ : ________________

kvIqfns‚ t]cpw hnem-khpw : ________________

A[ym-]I hnZym¿∞n-bpsS t]cv : ________________

]T\ tI{μ-Øns‚ t]cpw {Ia-\-ºdpw: ________________

am\-ZWvUw aXn∏v

(1 ˛ Xr]vXn-I-c-a-√, 2 ˛ icm-i-cn, 3 ˛ \√-Xv, 4 ˛ hfsc \√-Xv, 5 ˛ anI-®-Xv)

A. hy‡n-KX kº¿° ]cn-]mSn

PCP bn¬ hnZ-Kv≤s‚ IrXy-\njvT : 1, 2, 3, 4, 5

]T\ hkvXp-°sf°pdn-®p≈ N¿® : 1, 2, 3, 4, 5

PCP bn¬ Ak-kvsa‚p-Isf°pdn-®p≈

hnZ-Kv≤s‚ N¿® : 1, 2, 3, 4, 5

B. kzbw ]T-\-Øn-\p≈ kma-{Kn-Iƒ

kma-{Kn-I-fpsS A®-Snbpw {Iao-I-c-Whpw : 1, 2, 3, 4, 5

taJ-e-bn¬ \n߃°v Bh-iy-ap≈

kma-{Kn-I-fpsS {]k‡n : 1, 2, 3, 4, 5

113

kzbw-]-T-\-Øn-\p≈ kma-{Kn-I-fn¬

D]-tbm-Kn-®n-cn-°p∂ coXn-bpsS KpWw : 1 2 3 4 5

kzbw ]cn-io-e-\-Øn-\p≈

A`ym-k-ß-fpsS KpW-\n-e-hmcw : 1 2 3 4 5

kzbw- ]-T-\-Øn-\p \¬In-bn-cn-°p∂

hkvXp-°-fnse Ak-kvsa‚ns‚ \ne-hmcw : 1 2 3 4 5

Hmtcm tImgvkna\pw \¬Ip∂ Ak-kvsa‚ns‚

\ne-hmcw : 1 2 3 4 5

C. PCP \S-Øp-∂-Xns‚ coXn

Xm¶ƒ apgp-h≥ ka-bhpw PCP ]s¶-SptØm : Dt≠m / C√

]T-\-tI-{μ-Øn¬ \n∂pw t\ctØ Adn-bn∏p

e`n®ncpt∂m : Dt≠m / C√

tI{μ-Øn¬ Bh-iy-Øn\v hnZ-Kv≤¿ Dt≠m : Dt≠m / C√

]cn-io-e-I¿°v lmP¿ _p°v D≠m-bn-cpt∂m : Dt≠m / C√

Xm¶ƒ PCP bpsS Hmtcm L -Ønepw ]s¶-SptØm : Dt≠m / C√

Xm¶ƒ 75% L -ß-fnepw D≠m-bn-cpt∂m : Dt≠m / C√

\n߃ Xm¶ƒ°p e`n® hkvXp-°-sf-˛-˛-˛-˛ : Dt≠m / C√

114

NIOS ]T\-tI{μw/inev]-imem tI{μw

{]mY-anI hnZym- ym-k-Øn-\p≈ Untπma

inev]-im-e-bp-ambn _‘-s∏´p \S-Ønb {]h¿Ø-\-sØ-°p-dn®v A[ym-]I

hnZym¿∞n°v A`n-{]mbw tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øp-hm-\p≈ amXrI

A[ym-]I hnZym¿∞n-bpsS t]cpw ta¬hn-em-khpw : ________________

AwKXz -\-º¿ : ________________

inem-]-imem tI{μ-Øns‚ t]cpw {Ia-\-ºcpw : ________________

inev]-im-e-bpsS Ime-b-fhv ________________ apX¬________________ hsc

am\-ZWvUw aXn∏v

(1 ˛ Xr]vXn-I-c-a-√, 2 ˛ icm-i-cn, 3 ˛ \√-Xv, 4 ˛ hfsc \√-Xv, 5 ˛ anI-®-Xv)

A. KpW-\n-e-hmcw

Hmtcm skj-s‚bpw KpW-\n-e-hmcw : 1, 2, 3, 4, 5

hnZ-Kv≤≥ \¬Ip∂ \n¿t±-i-߃ : 1, 2, 3, 4, 5

Iq´m-b-{]-h¿Ø-\-ß-fn¬ hnjb hnZ-Kv≤≥

\¬Ip-∂-t\-XrXzw : 1, 2, 3, 4, 5

hnjb hnZ-Kv≤s‚ {]Z¿i-\-]m-Shw : 1, 2, 3, 4, 5

A`n-{]m-b-߃ Bcm-bp-hm-\p≈

hnj-b-hn-Z-Kv≤s‚ Ignhv : 1, 2, 3, 4, 5

inev]-im-e-bn¬ Xm¶ƒ°p-th≠n

Xnc-s™-SpØ `mKw : 1, 2, 3, 4, 5

inev]-ime Xm¶ƒ°v F{X-am{Xw D]-Im-c-{]-Z-ambn : 1, 2, 3, 4, 5

\S-Ønb {]h¿Ø-ß-fpsS kz`mhw : 1, 2, 3, 4, 5

115

B. \S-Øn∏v coXn

inev]-im-e-bn¬ ]s¶-Sp-°p-hm≥ Adn-bn∏v e`nt®m ? D≠v / C√

inev]-im-e-bpsS F√m `mK-ß-fnepw ]s¶-SptØm ? D≠v / C√

hnjb hnZ-Kv[≥ Xm¶sf hne-bn-cp-Øntbm ? D≠v / C√

inev]-im-e-bn¬ ]s¶-Sp-°p-hm≥ Adn-bn∏v e`nt®m ? D≠v / C√

hnjb hnZ-Kv≤≥ Xm¶sf hne-bn-cp-Øntbm ? D≠v / C√

inev]-imem kwLm-S-I≥ Xm¶sf hn-e-bn-cp-Øntbm ? D≠v / C√

SBA/PT Ch kw_-‘n®p tcJ-Iƒ BZy-Zn\w

Xs∂ ka¿∏nt®m ? D≠v / C√

]cn-io-e\ klm-bn¬ ]d-™n-cn-°p∂ {]Imcw

Xm¶ƒ inev]-im-e-bn¬ ]s¶-Sp-°m≥ Xøm-dmtWm ? D≠v / C√

Xm¶-fpsS {]h¿Ø-\-߃ kl-]m-Tn-I-fp-ambn

N¿®-sNbvtXm ? D≠v / C√

inev]-im-e-bn¬ A[n-I-ambn sNbvX {]h¿Ø-\-ß-fpsS ]´nI Xøm-dm-°p-I.

1. _______________________________________

2._______________________________________

3._______________________________________

4. _______________________________________

A[ym-]I hnZym¿∞n-bpsS H∏v