new energy technologies issue 06

8/8/2019 New Energy Technologies Issue 06

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NEW ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES #6

1. Large-Scale Shakharov condition, David Noever and Christopher Bremner2. Matter as a resonance longitudinal wave process, Alexander V. Frolov3. Physical Principles of The Time Machine, Alexander V. Frolov4. Time Machine Project by Alexander V. Frolov5. Kozyrev-Dirak radiation, Ivan M. Shakhparonov6. The Electrical Vortex Non-Solenoidal Fields, S. Alemanov7. Physical Mechanism of Nuclear Reactions at Low Energies, V.Oleinik, Yu. Arepjev8. The Evolution of Lifter Technology, T. Ventura9. Reality and consciousness in education and activity, A.Smirnov10.Old new energy, Y. Andreev, A. Smirnov11.On the influence of time on matter, A. Belyaeva12.Life without diseases and ageing-preventive electrical bio-heater features, A. Belyaeva13.Technical report, on Belyaevas high efficient ceramic heater, Sh. Mavlyandekov14.

Fundamental properties of aether, A. Mishin15.Effect of Magnetic Blow Wave Field on Wine Systems, I. Shakhparanov and others

16.Nikola Tesla and Instantaneous Electric Communication, V. Korobeynikov17.The Unitied Gravitation theory, I. Kuldoshin18. New Sources of Energy from the Point of View of Unitary Quantum Theory, L.G. Sapogin, Yu.A.

Ryabov, V.V. Graboshnikov19.Antigravitation Force and antigravitation of matter. Methods of its creation, A. K. Gaponov20.The capacitor, which has energy of atomic bomb (Review of A. Gaponovs research)


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Page 204

Large-ScaleSakharov Condition

David Noever and Christopher Bremner

NASA Marshall Space Flight Center,

Space Sciences Laboratory

Mail Code: ES76, Huntsville AL 35812

Editors note: This article was presented by the autors

for publication in New Energy Technologies. For the first

time it was published in 1999 by the American Institute

of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Inc. All copyrights

belong to the authors.

Abstract

Recent far reaching theoretical results have used thequantum vacuum noise as a fundamental

electromagnetic radiation field to derive a frequency

( ) dependent version of Newtons gravitational

coupling term, ( )G . This paper reconciles the cut-offfrequency with the observed cosmologicalconstant, and

then briefly puts forward a realizable laboratory test

case in the 10 - 100 MHz frequency range. Oneanalogy

is drawn between the classical vacuum energy

experiments with attraction between two closely

spaced plates (Casimir cavity) and thearbitrarily dense

material boundaries possible in Bose condensates, suchas irradiation at MHz frequencies of superfluid helium

or superconductors.

Theoretical Background

Zeldovich [1] first suggested that gravitational

interactions could lead to a small disturbance in the

(non zero) quantum fluctuations of the vacuum and thus

give rise to a finite value of Einsteins cosmological

constant in agreement with astrophysical data. Usingdimensional analysis and the suggestion by Zeldovich,

Sakharov [2] derived a value for Newtons gravitational

constant, G , in only one free parameter, frequency,:

ddhcG 1~~5

where c is the speed of light and h is the Planck

constant. The free parameter in frequency when

integrated over all values from zero to high frequencies

must contain the usual integration cutoff value (Planck

frequency on observable electromagnetic phenomenon).

Puthoff [3] and others [4 5] have extended Sakharovs

condition in a relativistically consistent model to

determine constants of proportionality. His model

derives an acceleration term in first order expansion (in

flat space time), then equates inertial and gravitational

mass (by the equivalence principle) to make contact

with the gravitational constant, G , directly as:

( ) dhcG c = /1~/ 25

which is the Sakharov condition [2,3]. This paper revisits

the meaning of the cutoff frequency, c ,for radiation

interactions, of which the quantum vacuum [6-10] and

consequence of many commonly accepted concepts

and dogmas of the modern scientific perspective of

natural phenomena. This crisis situation in modern

physics is a direct consequence of many conservative

scientific viewpoints, unfortunately supported and

protected by modern official academic science. The

evolution of our consciousness has been influenced

by many undoubtedly well known experts and has

been evolving for a long time in the environment of

specific scientific vacuum and requires immediate

revival. Even methods used for dissemination of new

knowledge should be improved, if one actually wishes

to accelerate the progress of Humankind.

The perspective for practical applications of new

previously unknown scientific phenomena and effects

looks very attractive, and they may be achieved by

cooperative efforts of the human intellect. New

breakthrough technologies of the 21st Century will

require serious changes of many commonly accepted

concepts and dogmas in fundamental physics. This

process of progressive development cannot be

stopped.

REFERENCES

1. Richard P. Feynman, Robert B. Leighton, Matthew Sands.

The Feynman Lectures on Physics, Addison-Wesley, 1964,

Vol. 2, Ch. 1. Paragraph 6 Electromagnetism in Science and

Technology (the very end of paragraph)

2. J. Maxwell, Selected Works on the Electromagnetic Field

Theory, Gostekhizdat, Moscow (1954).

3. G . V. N i k ol aev, Non- cont ra di ct ory El ec trodynam ics.

Theories, Experiments, and Paradoxes, Publishing House of

the Tomsk State University, Tomsk (1997).

4. A. S. Kompaniets, in: Theoretical Physics, State Technical

and Theoretical Press, Moscow (1957), pp. 126-128.

5. R. T. Sigalov, T. I. Shapovalova, Kh. Kh. Karimov, and

N. I. Samsonov, New Research of Forces of the Magnetic

Field, FAN Press of the Uzbekskaia SSR, Tashkent (1975).

6. Ya. I. Frenkel, Electrodynamics. Vol. 1, United Scientific and

Technical Presses, Leningrad/Moscow (1934).

7. G. V. Nikolaev and B. V. Okulov, Inertial Properties of

Electrons, deposited at VINITI, No. 4399-77, Moscow (1978).

8. Observations of the Aharanov-Bohm Effect, Nature,

No. 7, 106 (1983).

9. G. V. Nikolaev, Scientific Vacuum. Crisis in Basic Physics.

Is There Any Way Out?! Publishing House Kursiv, Tomsk

(1999).


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Page 205

Planck frequency are only the leading terms, and for

which linear combinations of forces can introduce other

plausible frequencies. One purpose of this

reexamination is whether the resulting gravitational

coupling constant, G , can be reconciled with the

anticipated energy density of the universe [11] without

resorting to extreme space time curvature and thus yield

enough critical density to contain the expansion of the

universe. Finally we particularize the case to the high-

density fluctuations possible in Bose condensates [12],a potential experimental test case for how the effects

of vacuum noise might manifest observably.

One far-reaching consequence of the vacuum energy

model is the attractive force of gravity becomes

reducible to the radiative interaction between

oscillating charges, e.g. the zero point field (ZPF)

applied to subatomic charges. Mass and inertia arise

from the fundamentally electromagnetic ZPF

oscillations.

This random background gives the usual quantum

mechanical energy spectrum from particle field effects:

( ) dd 3~

a very important dimensional relationship, since the

third power in frequency avoids anomalous Doppler

shifts from velocity boosts, or stated alternatively is the

correct spectra for a Lorentzian (non accelerated)

invariant radiation field [13].

More specifically, the energy spectrum [3] can be

written as:

( )

ddch

dhcd

3323

322

~2/

]2/][/[

=

==

which is an expression in the first parenthesis of the

density of the normal modes and in the second

parenthesis of the average energy per mode. When this

energy density is integrated over all frequencies, the

3 divergence produces well known infinities in theintegration limit of high frequencies, thus an assumed

cutoff frequency (appropriate to experimental

observation limits at the Planck frequency), is usually

introduced:

( ) 2/15/hG=

For mass, m , moving in an accelerated reference frameg = -a=Gm/r2, the resulting energy spectrum includes

a gravitational spectral shift [3],

( ) drdrGmchd 42252 /1~]/[2/' =

a kind of short range (1/r4) gravitationalenergy shift,

but electromagnetic in origin when zero point

fluctuations are included. (N.B. To account for equal

gravitational mass effects in neutrons and protons, the

ZPF oscillations must involve subatomic charges, or

parton effects. The assumption derives from high

frequency interactions of ZPF wherein these subatomic

particles are asymptotically free to oscillate as

independent or free particles as quantum noise).

A further far reaching consequence [3] is mass itself

becomes interpretable as a dependent quantity derived

from a damped (with decay constant ) oscillation

driven by random ZPF:

dchGcm == 323 /2/

with the only two free parameters, the damping factor

, and again the frequency, . The internal kineticenergy of the system contributes to the effective mass.

This leads to an overall average spectral density, written

in terms of mass as:

( ) 4452 2/ rhcm c =

for the electromagnetic field distribution near (1/r4) to

the mass,m, which in detail is half electric and half

magnetic.

One additionally attractive feature is the

correspondence between this derivation and the view

of gravity as a dynamical scaleinvariance breaking

model (e.g. symmetry breaking near the Planck mass

energy [14]). A final result includes the force calculation

between two ZPF radiation oscillators of the correct

form yielding Newtons average force law

22/rGmF >=A

cduring the measurement of A

cand A

d

of many capacitors with different dielectrics. Theoretical

grounds and results of measurements of this

phenomenon are given in the publications in 1984 [1],[2, page 73]. On the industrial standards NC (varicond),

ceramic condensers VK2-ZSH, 46,810-9F with anoptimal voltage about 95 V it was stated that

21,1~

c

d

A

A

with the power to about 9810-6 Wt and

generated extra power is equal to 2110-6 Wt.

1.2. In [1] and [2] the strict theoretical proofs of

realization of Ad>A

c(there are four of them) are given.

On 1m3

of dielectric

3

02

1

ccd

EaAA

=

(Ec is

an intensity of the field, V/m; 0

is a dielectric constant

of vacuum, a is a coefficient of nonlinearity of the

capacitor). Below we state one more proof more

connected with the parameters of circuit.

It is well known that with the charge of a linear capacity

from the source of constant voltage V0=const through

the resistor R=const it gets an energy2

2

0VC

Ac

=

exactly equal to the output energy in the time of

charging tc.

The output energy irradiated from the load

R is a Joule heat =ct

dtiR

0

2 [3, page 546]. If NC

(nonlinear condenser) is charged, then there are no

proofs of such equation. The NC are the variconds or

other capacitors, which have 0>V

Cin the interval

V=0Vk. For the variconds V

kis some voltage, which

corresponds to the maximum Cv..

If V>Vk, then 0

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