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TRANSCRIPT
Time Use Survey 2002-2003
Methodology
Index
Presentation 3
Index 5
First part: Metodology 11
1 Introduction 13
2 Background 15
2.1 The first time use surveys 15
2.2 The European Time Use Survey Pro-ject 16
2.3 Pilot studies 17
2.4 Towards European harmonisation 18
3 Methodology of the Time Use Survey 21
3.1 Objectives of the survey 21
3.2 Work units 21
3.2.1 Units of analysis 21
3.2.2 Sampling units 21
3.3 Scope of the research 22
3.3.1 Population scope 22
3.3.2 Geographical scope 22
3.3.3 Time scope and reference periods 22
3.3.4 Frequency of the survey 22
3.4 Basic concepts 23
3.5 Main characteristic analysed in the survey 26
3.5.1 Main activity 26
3.6 Main classification variables 27
3.6.1 Time-related variables 28
3.6.2 Personal variables 28
3.6.3 Economic-activity variables 29
3.6.4 Household-related variables 31
3.6.5 Variables relating to place of resid-ence 32
3.7 Sample design 32
3.7.1 Type of sampling. Stratification cri-teria 32
3.7.2 Sample size. Allocation 33
3.7.3 Sample selection 33
3.7.4 Sample distribution over time 34
3.7.5 Estimators 34
3.7.6 Sampling errors 38
3.7.7 Sampling incidents and processing39
3.8 Collection of information 41
3.8.1 Collection instruments 41
3.8.2 Activity list 42
3.8.3 Field work overview 45
3.8.4 Interviewer team 48
3.8.5 Field work inspection and supervi-sion 48
3.9 Information processing 49
3.10 Publication of results 50
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Appendix I. Activity list 51
Activity list 53
Main activity 57
Secondary activity 111
Place and means of transport 115
With whom 117
Appendix II. Question-naires 119
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Time Use Survey 2002-2003. Spain
1. IntroductionWe have designed this Survey following the Guidelines released in 2000 by the Statistical Office of the European Communities, Eurostat. The Guidelines were cre-ated by a panel of experts set up to develop the Harmonised European Time Use Surveys Project, sponsored by Eurostat.
Our survey design aims to meet the ultimate goal proposed by Eurostat of achiev-ing internationally comparable results. Therefore, it is based on a detailed analysis of the 1996 pilot survey, coupled with the recommendations of the Eurostat Guidelines of 2000, and the latest time use surveys drawn up in various EU and EFTA countries.
We have also sought nationwide comparability by checking some of the survey questions against questions from other household surveys (as suggested by Euro-stat, to the extent that we have maintained the same wording and classification as those of the earlier surveys).
This document describes our Time Use Survey in detail and explains the Spanish adaptation of the proposed design. Our aims were to integrate the Spanish experi-ence with the European multinational study, and lay the foundations of the first time use survey covering the entire Spanish territory.
The Time Use Survey appears in the 2001-2004 National Statistics Plan, approved under Royal Decree 1126/2000 of 16 June 2000 (BOE 5 July 2000).
2. Background
The first time use surveys
The first surveys on the time use of the population were conducted in the early twentieth century in very limited geographical areas, such as cities and urban dis-tricts, in Europe and the United States. The surveys sought to elicit specific know-ledge about social concerns, like planning (USSR, 1920), livelihood (Pember-Reeves, London, 1913), urban ways of life (Lundberg et al, USA, 1934) and unpaid household work (USA, 1920s).
Later, with the advent of welfare policy after World War II, such surveys became far more common, and were put to a wide range of new uses. The two main cur-rents were social concerns (e.g., social indicators, arts and leisure demand, urban planning, needs for childcare and care for the elderly, quality of life, lifestyles, so-cial structure, contact with the mass media) and economic concerns (e.g., black economy, household economies, real value of GNP, division of labour by gender).
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Subsequently, sporadic time use research was continued for different purposes, by different methods and at different times and places. Proposals were put forth in the 1960s to bring ‘time budget studies’ into standardised form. This Unesco re-search project, known as the Szalai Study (after the head of Unesco at the time), has been the most significant attempt to date at supranational harmonisation. The study was conducted in 1965-66 in thirteen cities of eleven countries (Belgium, Czechoslovakia, West Germany, France, Hungary, Bulgaria, Poland, USSR, United States, Yugoslavia and Peru). It returned 30,000 ‘activity’ or ‘time use diaries’. Be-ing a pilot survey, it was used to try out a harmonised methodology and an activ-ity-coding list (which in practice remains a benchmark model) and, more import-antly, it was an attempt at joint multinational work aiming at comparability of res-ults.
It was at this time that the notion became widespread of conducting regular na-tional time use surveys for a diverse range of purposes. Economic rather than so-cial concerns were predominant, in line with the new preoccupation of nations with statistics, such as in gauging the size of the black economy, measuring the real GNP of a country, and so on.
The time use surveys for a specific period initially used a statistical measuring in-strument called a ‘time budget’. This was a time use diary in which one noted the sequence and duration of (all) the activities engaged in by an individual over a particular period – generally 24 hours – during which his or her daily activities were logged in chronological order, such as work – paid or at home – education, time off, and so on, over a certain number of days, with time being the unit of measurement.
Some countries have conducted time use surveys every five years (Netherlands), others approximately every ten years (Denmark, United Kingdom, France), and others still more sporadically (Belgium, Germany, recently Italy).
Since the mid-1970s, when the International Association for Time Use Research was created, and particularly in the 1980s, much work was done collecting data and methodologies from various countries to perform international comparisons and then recommend the means of international harmonisation (special national characteristics aside) of time use surveys based on ‘diaries’ or ‘time budgets’.
No nationwide time use research had been undertaken in Spain until the 1990s, with some specifically aimed efforts (CSIC, 1990; CIRES [Centre for Social Re-search], 1990). More recently, the Basque Statistics Office (Eustat) conducted three time use surveys, but with reference to the Basque Country only.
For our part, the National Statistics Institute started a nationwide time use survey which was then suspended, chiefly owing to budget cut-backs.
The European Time Use Survey Project
In the early 1990s a firm intention re-emerged at the European level to harmonise time use surveys internationally. This gave rise to a harmonisation project for the whole European Union, led by Eurostat, which from then on, having solidly estab-lished the framework of economic statistics, built up its range of social statistics.
In March 1992, a meeting of the Eurostat Working Group on Social Indicators agreed to recommend preparatory studies for the harmonisation of European time use surveys. EU and EFTA countries formed a panel of time use survey experts in charge of putting the harmonised survey project into practice. This Eurostat initi-ative coincided with growing interest in time use among other international organ-
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isations (OECD, INSTRAW, UN, etc.). At the Social Indicators Working Group’s meeting of April 1993, an initial proposed survey methodology was presented. In May 1993 the Statistical Programme Committee (SPC) pointed to the need to give higher priority to social statistics. In March 1994, the Committee approved the document New Challenges for Social Statistics in the European Union, whereby it was agreed further to boost social research.
The analysis set forth in the White Paper on Growth, Competitiveness and Employ-ment and in the White Paper on European Social Policy, issued by the Statistical Programme Committee, addressed the issues to be considered by time use stud-ies:
– Flexitime, home employment, new apportionment of leisure and work time, time devoted to lifelong learning and continuous training.
– Emergence of new jobs in traditionally unpaid sectors, like childcare and care for the elderly.
– Movement of women from housework to other activities and education.
– Male-female solidarity, equal opportunities, shared housework duties.
– Maintenance of job possibilities for the elderly population, time use allocation among the elderly, care received.
– Details of the daily life and pattern of activity of social groups of special concern, like the young, the unemployed and the disabled.
The Commission’s Decision 94/168/EC of 22 January 1994, on measures to be taken for the implementation of Council Directive 89/130/EEC, Euratom, on the harmonisation of the compilation of Gross National Product at market prices, em-phasised the need for exhaustiveness in GNP estimates. Article 11 of the Decision proposes that ‘Member States… may draw up tables showing the number of second jobs implied by…’ time use surveys, among other sources.
The broader concept of GNP under the new System of National Accounts com-prises estimates for the value of the production of private services in households, such as preparing meals and caring for children and the elderly. The time devoted to such activities can be valued in financial terms by various means, such as by substitution cost or by opportunity cost. The value of these services is estimated to range from 30 to 60 percent of GNP in European Union countries.
With a view to the final survey design, several possible strategies and alternatives were considered:
1. Retrospective harmonisation of the time use studies existing in various countries, the resulting model subsequently being extended to the rest of countries.
2. Launch of a new operation.
3. Inclusion of a time use module in the existing harmonised surveys on other sub-jects:
a) inclusion of a module in the Labour Force Survey (LFS);
b) inclusion of a module in the European Community Household Panel (ECHP);
c) inclusion of a module in the Household Budget Survey (Spanish ‘EPF’).
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After various consultations and preliminary studies, we chose option 2.
Eurostat’s proposed methodology was broadly as follows:
– A sample of approximately 5000 households per country, spread uniformly over the reference or survey year. Given the traditional information needs at the Autonomous Community (regional) level, in Spain we decided to increase the sample sufficiently to offer significant regional results.
– Data collection through a time use diary to be completed by all household mem-bers aged ten and above, with reference to two days, one working day plus a Sat-urday or Sunday. Activity type coding to be performed centrally by national statist-ics offices.
– Main variables: primary and secondary activities in each time interval, whether the main activity was performed for persons outside the household itself, and with whom the main activity was performed.
– Other items are collected by personal interview, whereby a ‘household question-naire’ is filled out, followed by one other questionnaire per person.
– Hours and minutes to be used as units of measurement.
Pilot studies
At its fifteenth meeting, in December 1994, the EU Statistical Programme Commit-tee discussed the proposal for a harmonised European time use survey and a plan of action. The SPC recommended a pilot study in 1995/96, prior to the survey it-self. Following that recommendation and, further, the requests of domestic bodies that perceived the lack of time use data as a serious shortcoming, in March 1995 INE decided to conduct a Time Use Survey Pilot Study (‘EPET’, Spanish acronym) within the harmonised European project.
In the spring of 1995, the efforts on this project within Eurostat produced an initial survey design tested preliminarily in Sweden and Italy. We followed the main fea-tures of that model in the draft design for Spain’s pilot study. The early tests de-tected some design difficulties. The outcome and consequences of the preliminary tests were discussed by the expert panel at a meeting in Jachranka, Poland, in June 1995. At the first meeting of the Time Use Surveys Working Group in October 1995 in Luxembourg, with representatives from the fifteen Member States of the EU and fifteen other countries, an improved design was put forward, and the key guidelines of the pilot study were laid down. In November that same year, a fur-ther, qualitative test was conducted in Sweden to clarify specific points of the ‘activity diary’. The work done since then focused on determining the final design of the pilot study.
Meanwhile, at INE we did the preliminary work needed to prepare the launch of the pilot study in the first half of 1996. We adapted the study documents, includ-ing the information collection instruments, the methodology and definitions, and the list of activities, in order to integrate the new project within the INE system of household surveys.
In June 1996 we began field work, which went on throughout the month. In early July, the questionnaire collection period closed. The various types of question-naires were checked, coded and recorded from July to September, and the dataset was produced in September 1996. Subsequently, we carried out various assess-ments of the pilot experience (reports to Eurostat, internal documents, results
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tabulation and analysis, response rates, partial non-response, field work strategy, ‘activity diary’ coding process, and so forth), the outcome of which was set down in the working document Estudio Piloto de Empleo del Tiempo en España (‘Time Use Pilot Study in Spain’).
In late 1996 and early 1997, pilot studies were undertaken in nine of the Member States and nine Eastern European countries. Eurostat performed the pilot surveys in order to perfect the tools to be used in the main survey and identify any survey design defects. The survey design was in essence a fusion of the main features of the time use surveys conducted in some EU and EFTA countries. The pilot studies were planned with the support of Finland, Germany, Sweden and the United King-dom.
Towards European harmonisation
The conclusions of the study, presented at the SPC meeting of March 1998, poin-ted out that, despite apparent differences across countries, harmonisation of time use data was feasible. The SPC asked Eurostat to issue recommendations on how to harmonise European Time Use Surveys, so as to lay down a Europe-wide basis of comparability across countries which each Member State could use to design its time use survey in that framework.
After March 1998, the Time Use Surveys Working Group met in November 1998 and November 1999. The principal aim of the first of those two meetings was to present the final assessment report on the time use pilot studies and discuss what was to be included in the Eurostat guidelines for the harmonised European Time Use Survey. At the second meeting, draft guidelines were put forward for discus-sion.
In September 2000, Eurostat published the Guidelines on Harmonised European Time Use Surveys, thus providing a solid methodological basis for the countries wishing to conduct time use surveys, and ensuring international comparability of results, hence raising the value of the data.
The Guidelines are based on the recommendations of the final report on the pilot studies and the discussions and comments put forth in the Working Group meet-ings, together with the work done with the assistance of the statistics offices of Sweden and Finland, and the comments on the draft guidelines by the national statistics offices of EU, EFTA and Eastern European countries.
To conduct its Time Use Survey, INE has used the Guidelines as its methodological basis, in accordance with the pilot study experience.
3. Methodology of the Time Use Survey
Objectives of the survey
Given its nature, a study of how people use their time can cover a wide range of information needs.
The project’s main goals are to:
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– Help frame family and gender equality policies, such as policies on the relationship between the division of labour at home and increased participation of women in the labour market; reconciliation of the demands of paid work and family life; care for children, the disabled and the chronically ill.
– Help draw up national accounts, specifically by producing basic data on certain flows and activities required to estimate the satellite accounts of the households sector in the context of new methodological developments in National Accounts. Obtain information enabling us to determine, for example, the extent to which hours worked are underestimated by not taking into account the black or irregular economy and the significance of errors in the estimation of production goods for self-consumption.
– Help frame policy on working time by providing more reliable and better-quality data on actual working hours in connection with the emergence of new forms of employment (e.g., ‘telecommuting’, ‘work at home’) and the increasing flexibility and individualisation of working days.
– Help frame policy for the elderly, in particular, by estimating the volume of non-market work performed by the elderly and their integration in day-to-day life.
– Produce data on the purpose and means of daily travel runs, so as to establish general policy on passenger and tourist transport.
– Finally, in accordance with the more traditional aim of these studies, to examine the involvement of the public in the arts, culture and leisure.
Work units
Units of analysis
The Survey considers three basic units of observation and analysis:
– household members aged 10 and over;
– private households residing in main family dwellings; and
– days of the week.
A household is defined as an individual or a group of people that share a main family dwelling or a part of it, and consuming and/or sharing food or other goods paid for out of a common budget.
Sampling units
The primary sampling unit is the census section, and the ultimate sampling unit is the main family dwelling. The sample includes all households residing at the se-lected main family dwellings.
Within a section, one half of dwellings are allocated one day from Monday to Thursday to complete the activity diary, and the other half are allocated one day from Friday to Sunday.
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Therefore, each selected dwelling has had one day of the week (from Monday to Sunday) to fill out the activity diary.
Scope of the research
Population scope
The Survey population was ‘private households residing at main family dwellings and all household members in those households’.
Although the initial sample comprised people of all ages (target population), only household members aged 10 and above completing the activity diary and the indi-vidual questionnaire were researched exhaustively.
We excluded people living in collective households like hospitals, convents, pris-ons, and so forth.
Geographical scope
The Survey covered the entirety of Spanish territory.
Time scope and reference periods
Field work was carried out over a full year, from 7 October 2002 to 5 October 2003, and information was garnered on every week of the year.
There were several reference periods associated with different questionnaires and blocks of questions:
– The reference period of the household questionnaire and the individual question-naire was the previous week, from Monday to Sunday, and the previous four weeks (from Monday to Sunday).
– The reference period of the activity diary was one full day, i.e., 24 hours, running from 6:00 h on the designated day to 6:00 h on the following day, divided into ten-minute periods.
– The reference period of the weekly working timetable was one week, the seventh day of which was the day of completion of the activity diary.
Frequency of the survey
The frequency of this kind of study is quite variable. Some are conducted every ten years, others every five, others every three. This considered a non-regular Survey; but could be modified if new circumstances emerge which require that it be regular.
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Basic concepts
To ensure comparability across different sources as regards common items, we have used the same definitions as existing surveys, like the Continuous Household Budget Survey (‘ECPF’ Spanish acronym), the European Community Household Panel (ECHP) and the Labour Force Survey (LFS).
This section only sets out expressly the key concepts of the survey.
FAMILY DWELLING
A family dwelling is defined as any room or set of rooms and their dependencies occupying a building or a structurally separate part thereof that has been built, re-built or altered for use as a dwelling by one or more households, and, at the date of interview, was not used wholly for other purposes.
This definition further includes:
– Permanent accommodation: premises that, though semi-permanent or improvised with waste materials (tins, boxes, etc.) or not primarily designed or refurbished as housing, constitute the primary and usual abode of one or more households (sheds, cabins, shanties, huts, stables, straw lofts, mills, garages, warehouses, caves, natural shelters).
– Family dwellings within collective dwellings, if intended for the management, ad-ministrative or service staff of the collective establishment.
MAIN FAMILY DWELLING
A main family dwelling is a family dwelling used as the habitual residence of one or more households.
HOUSEHOLD
The first issue to be settled when conducting the Survey on sample dwellings is how to properly identify a household, since one dwelling may contain a single household – as is most often the case – or more than one. Therefore, it must first be determined whether a dwelling contains one household or more, so that all households can be surveyed.
For households to be identified correctly, the definition of household under the Survey must be followed carefully.
A household is defined as an individual or a group of people sharing a main fam-ily dwelling or a part of it, and consuming and/or sharing food or other goods paid for out of a common budget.
Therefore, it must be borne in mind that:
a) A household may comprise one individual only (a one-person household) or more than one individual (a multi-person household).
b) Persons forming a household need not be family relatives. A household may be formed by non-relatives alone, by a family together with non-relatives, or by a fam-ily alone.
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c) A household is an individual or a group of people sharing a main family dwelling; it is thus assumed that they usually sleep at the dwelling. Therefore, a group of people living in a collective establishment (hospital, hotel, hall of residence, etc.) does not constitute a household. But a household may nonetheless exist within the premises of a collective establishment, as would be the case of a prison director living at the prison.
d) A household is an individual or a group of people who share expenses, i.e., they have a common economy or budget, the common fund which enables the house-wife or person in charge of household administration to pay the common costs of the household. Persons with budgets that are partly independent from one another are not considered different households if they share the greater part of basic ex-penses – housing and/or food – with other household members.
A common budget is deemed to comprise both individuals who help pay common expenses by contributing resources and individuals who do not contribute re-sources but are dependent on the common economy.
e) For the purpose of this study, a restrictive and specific criterion applies, such that several households live in the same dwelling only if they run separate budgets – are autonomous in respect of all major expenses – and occupy distinct and delim-ited areas of the family dwelling, even if they have one or more common rooms (e.g., dwellings with sub-lets or lodgers or shared by two or more families with in-dependent finances).
The following rules apply in this regard:
– If one dwelling is occupied by independent individuals only, using one or more rooms exclusively and not running a common budget (lodgers, sub-lets, etc.), each individual is deemed to be a household provided that the number of such individu-als living in the family dwelling is equal to or less than five. If so, each individual is an independent household and interviews are conducted with each, taken individu-ally as a household. Nevertheless, if there are more than five of such individuals living at the dwelling, the dwelling is not regarded as a main family dwelling but as a collective establishment (other-use dwelling), and is therefore not eligible for the Survey.
– If one dwelling is occupied by individuals using one or more rooms exclusively and not running a common budget (lodgers, sub-lets, etc.), and also by other indi-viduals joined together as a household and running a common budget, the house-hold questionnaire and other questionnaires under the survey are filled out with reference to the individuals who do constitute a household. The rest of people liv-ing in the same dwelling are regarded as independent households if they are five or fewer in number, and each must be interviewed individually. But if the number of such individuals living at the dwelling is more than five, they are regarded as members of a collective household (other-use dwelling), and therefore not eligible for the Survey.
– If a dwelling is occupied by students not running a common budget and econom-ically dependent on another household, the students are not regarded as members of the surveyed household but of the household paying their expenses. In that event, if the dwelling is occupied only by such individuals, none is interviewed, and the dwelling is classified as allocated to ‘other purposes’. If the dwelling is occu-pied by such individuals and also by individuals who do constitute a household (e.g., a family with students lodging in their home), the household questionnaire and the rest of survey questionnaires are completed wholly with reference to the individuals constituting a household; lodging students are not deemed members of that household and are therefore not interviewed.
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f) The difference between a household residing in a family dwelling and a group of people not constituting a household residing in a collective establishment is in most cases quite obvious. In some, very rare, doubtful cases, a decision is made based on the institutional nature of the group of individuals; dwellings where an in-stitutional nature predominates over cohabitation relationships are regarded as collective establishments, while groups brought together for the purpose of sharing a dwelling and/or common expenses are considered households living in family dwellings.
Therefore, a flat used as a residence by a small religious community, or a small community with therapeutic purposes – such as a child foster home, or a home for the elderly – is not considered a family dwelling but a collective establishment.
HOUSEHOLD MEMBERS
The conditions established to determine whether or not a person is a member of a surveyed household seek to avoid classifying one and the same person in more than one household or, conversely, not being classified in any.
Household members are defined as individuals who (i) usually live in the surveyed household, (ii) participate in the household budget (economic dependence), i.e., share income or expenses with the rest of household members, and (iii) are present in the household.
The common budget is the common fund enabling the housewife or person in charge of household administration to pay the common household expenses (elec-tricity, telephone, water, etc.). Participation in the common budget cannot be mere division of expenses among occupants, but must also involve taking part in household decisions.
‘Habitually residing’ in the same dwelling is defined as having lived for at least 45 days in the last three months in the main family dwelling, and not having left that dwelling permanently for another main family dwelling; or as having joined the household permanently.
Persons living in the dwelling are regarded as ‘present’ if they sleep at the dwell -ing on the date of interview (first visit to the household).
Household members also include, even if they do not meet the above conditions:
a) Persons who do not participate in the common budget of the household, but live in the family dwelling, do not have any other dwelling they regard as their main dwelling, and are related to the head of the household or, though not related, are members of the domestic staff.
b) Persons who are present and, though having lived at several addresses throughout the year, regard the dwelling as their principal dwelling or, though they do not re-gard the dwelling as their principal dwelling, their spouse is a household member.
c) Long-term guests (in the dwelling for one year or more).
d) Persons temporarily absent from the dwelling, who are:
– Absent due to their studies; they reside in another main family dwelling and are financially dependent on the budget of the surveyed household, i.e., their expenses are paid by the surveyed household.
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– Were household members but are now away at an institution (hospital, asylum, prison, etc,), are financially dependent on the surveyed household and intend to return to the household.
– Were household members but are now absent for any other reason for a period of less than one year, and regard the dwelling as their principal dwelling.
– Whose spouse is a household member and regard the dwelling as their principal dwelling.
Household members do not include:
Persons not meeting the general or particular conditions established by the defini-tion of ‘household members’.
REFERENCE PERSON
The ‘reference person’ is the household member designated as such by the household.
DOMESTIC STAFF
Domestic staff includes any person who provides a household with domestic ser-vice and receives an agreed payment, in money or in kind (e.g., chauffeur, maid, babysitter or home help).
Domestic staff is considered to be live-in if they have stayed overnight at the dwelling on more than 45 day in the last three months or, if that condition is not met, have joined the household permanently.
LODGER
A lodger is an individual who, not being a household member, shares meals with the household and/or lives at the dwelling and pays the household a previously agreed price in money; the household takes in the lodger to gain a financial profit.
A lodger is considered permanent if he or she has been sleeping at the dwelling for more than 45 days in the last three months or, if that condition is not met, his or her stay is regarded as permanent (over three months). If there are fewer than five lodgers in the main family dwelling they constitute an individual household and are eligible for the Survey. If the number of lodgers exceeds five, they are ex-cluded from the target population.
GUEST
A guest is any individual who, not being a household member, shares meals with the household at least one day of the sample week, and the household does not seek profit from his or her stay. Long-term guests (permanent guests) are con-sidered household members.
A guest is considered long-term or permanent if he or she has been sleeping at the dwelling for one year or more or, if that condition is not met, his or her stay is regarded as long-term (over one year).
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STUDENT
A student is an individual whose sole or main activity is the acquisition of system-atic instruction of any level and type of study, including preparation for competit-ive examinations.
Main characteristic examined by the survey
Main activity
The essential criterion to define the main activity is the actual action itself: what an individual is doing at a given time. This criterion is further developed below.
So as to ensure the main activity variable can be exploited in a reasonable way, our aim is to reflect only one action at a given time, but sometimes a person per-forms several actions simultaneously (e.g., ironing, listening to the radio and watching over a child). Therefore the activity diary included two columns on the action being done at the given time, one for the main action and the other for a secondary action; respondents were instructed to note only one action in each column. So the respondent him/herself decided what his or her main action was among several.
In addition, any action is regarded as done in a context or completed by its sur-rounding circumstances, i.e., one action may be performed in different places (work at home or in an office) or performed in respect of different people (children or adults). Hence the action in itself falls short of providing the information about the context.
Owing to these considerations, we have defined the term ‘main activity’ as the main action performed by the respondent at a given time (as noted by him/her) considering the accompanying circumstances or context.
All the information needed to determine the main activity is collected in the activ-ity diary. The first column of the diary provides what we call the ‘main action’, rather than the main activity proper. In many cases the main action and the main activity are the same, however. This is because the main action is the starting-point for determining the main activity.
Under our definition, the circumstances or context may turn one and the same ac-tion into different main activities. An example is the action ‘playing a game’. De-pending on whether a game is played alone, with children of the household or other acquaintances reported in the box ‘with whom?’, the main activity is ‘play-ing alone’, ‘playing with children’ or ‘community games’, respectively.
This variable is coded by the classification of the main activity under the list of activities1. The classification follows a hierarchical order of basic activities, includ-ing:
– Necessary personal time (physiological needs, self-care);
– Time under contract or commitment (work, studies);
– Time committed to other activities (domestic work);
1 For further information about the list of activities, see section 3.8.2. The list of activities itself is attached as Appendix I.
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– Free time.
The further development of these aspects of activity led us to create the main activity classification with a three-digit nested hierarchical structure, in general, and a four-digit structure in certain cases.
In the results tables, main activities are shown by 1-digit divisions (10 groups) or 2-digit divisions (32 groups). The table showing both main and secondary activity results follows the classification of the secondary activity.
The statistics or estimators most frequently used in connection with the main activity variable are:
– Percentage of people engaging in an activity over the course of the day;
– Average daily time (hours and minutes) devoted to the activity by persons enga-ging in it;
– Distribution of activities on an average day, by day type;
– Percentage of persons engaging in the same main activity at the same time of day (daily activity patterns).
Main classification variables
The classification variables used for the basic exploitation of results are divided into: time-related variables, personal variables, economic-activity variables, household variables and place-of-residence variables.
We presented two main groups of results tables, national and regional (Autonom-ous Communities). For these purposes, most of the variables detailed below are used in both groups of tables, at different levels of disaggregation. The headings of the disaggregation used for the Autonomous Communities are marked with a '•'. The disaggregation used for the national tables consists of the headings de-scribed for the Autonomous Communities plus headings preceded by a dash, which are structured so that, when grouped, they constitute the heading at the Autonomous Community level. However, in some national tables we chose to use the disaggregation designed for Autonomous Communities.
Time-related variables
TYPE OF DAY OF THE WEEK
Classified into:
Monday to Thursday;
Friday to Sunday.
QUARTER
Classified into:
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– 1st quarter
– 2nd quarter
– 3rd quarter
– 4th quarter
Personal variables
GENDER
This is the main classification variable and is combined with the rest. Naturally it classifies into:
Male
Female
AGE
Classified into:
Under 25
– 10 to 15
– 16 to 24
25 to 44
45 to 64
65 and over
LEVEL OF COMPLETED STUDIES
Classified into:
Illiterates, no schooling or primary education only
– Cannot read or write
– Can read and write (less than 5 years’ schooling)
– At least 5 years’ schooling but studies not completed
Secondary education. Compulsory
– Elementary bachiller, EGB or ESO successfully completed
Secondary education. Post-compulsory
– Higher bachiller, BUP, LOGSE bachiller, COU, PREU
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– Occupational training (FP I, FP mid-grade, Industrial Official Title) or equivalent
Higher occupational training
– (FP II, FP upper-grade, Industrial Master’s Title) or equivalent
University education
– Diplomatura (three-year degree), technical architecture, technical engineering or equivalent (180 ECTS)
– Architecture, engineering, Licenciatura (four- or five-year degree) or equivalent (360 ECTS)
– Doctorate
PERCEIVED STATE OF HEALTH
Classified into:
– Very good
– Good
– Acceptable
– Poor
– Very poor
CHRONIC DISEASE
Classified into:
– Does not suffer from a chronic disease
– Suffers from a chronic disease
The ‘suffers from a chronic disease’ section further divides into:
– Pronounced (prevents respondent from daily activity)
– Moderate (prevents respondent from daily activity)
– Does not prevent respondent from daily activity
NATIONALITY
Classified into:
– Spanish
– Spanish and other
– Foreign
21
Tables published by social group classified respondents by nationality only: Span-ish nationals and foreigners. Persons with both Spanish and another nationality were included among Spanish nationals.
MARITAL STATUS
Classified into:
Married
Single
Widowed
Separated or divorced
The national tables present data for separated and divorced respondents separ-ately.
Economic-activity variables
RELATION WITH ACTIVITY AND OCCUPATIONAL SITUATION IN RESPECT OF PRIMARY JOB
Classified into:
Working
Employed
– Business-owner or member of a cooperative
– Salary earners
Unemployed
Non-working
Student
Retired or pensioner
House-hold tasks
SALARIED EMPLOYEE JOB SECTOR
Classified into:
– Public sector
– Private sector
22
TYPE OF WORKING DAY
Classified into:
– Full-time
– Part-time
TYPE OF TIMETABLE
Classified into:
– Continuous working day
– Split working day
EMPLOYED RESPONDENTS’ OCCUPATION IN PRIMARY JOB
Classified into:
– Legislators, senior officials and managers (Spanish ‘CNO’ – Clasificación Nacional de Ocupaciones – codes starting with ‘1’).
– Scientific and knowledge professionals (CNO 2)
– Technicians and associate professionals (CNO 3)
– Clerks (CNO 4)
– Service workers and shop and market sales workers (CNO 5)
– Skilled agricultural and fishery workers (CNO 6)
– Skilled craft, manufacturing, extraction and building trade workers (CNO 7)
– Plant and machine operators (CNO 8)
– Unskilled workers (CNO 9)
– Armed forces (CNO 0)
ACTIVITY OF THE ESTABLISHMENT OF PRIMARY EMPLOYMENT
Classified into:
– Agriculture, stock-farming, hunting and forestry (Spanish ‘CNAE’ – Clasificación Nacional de Actividades Económicas – codes starting with ‘01’ and ‘02’).
– Fisheries (CNAE 05)
– Mining and petroleum industries (CNAE 10, 11, 12, 13 and 14)
– Manufacturing industries (CNAE 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 2, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36 and 37)
23
– Electricity, gas and water (CNAE 40 and 41)
– Construction (CNAE 45)
– Trade and motor vehicle repair (CNAE 50, 51 and 52)
– Hotels and catering (CNAE 55)
– Transport, storage and communications (CNAE 60, 61, 62, 63 and 64)
– Financial services (CNAE 65, 66 and 67)
– Real estate; business services (CNAE 70, 71, 72, 73 and 74)
– Government, defence and compulsory social security (CNAE 75)
– Education (CNAE 80)
– Health and veterinary activities, social services (CNAE 85)
– Other social activities and personal services (CNAE 90, 91, 92 and 93)
– Household activities (CNAE 95)
SECONDARY EMPLOYMENT
Classified into:
– Has a second job
– Does not have a second job
Household-related variables
TYPE OF HOUSEHOLD
Classified into:
One-person household
– Under 65
– 65 and over
Household of two adults without dependent children
– Both adults under 65
– At least one of the adults over 65
Other households without dependent children
Household of one adult with one or more dependent children
24
Household of two adults with dependent children
– With one dependent child
– With two dependent children
– With three or more dependent children
Other households with dependent children
SIZE OF HOUSEHOLD
Classified into:
One-member household
Two-member household
Three-member household
Four-member household
Household of five or more members
DOMESTIC STAFF IN THE HOUSEHOLD
Classified into:
– Employs domestic staff
– Does not employ domestic staff
TYPE OF DWELLING
Classified into:
– Detached house
– Semi-detached or terraced house
– Block comprising under 10 flats
– Block comprising over 10 flats
TYPE OF POSSESSION OF DWELLINGClassified into:
– Ownership
– Lease or sublet
– Assigned for free
25
HOUSEHOLD NET MONTHLY INCOME
Classified into:
Under €1,000
From €1,000 to €1,499.99
From €1,500 to €1,999.99
€2,000 and over
Variables relating to place of residence
AUTONOMOUS COMMUNITY OF RESIDENCE
The Survey considers the seventeen Autonomous Communities:
Andalucía, Aragón, Principado de Asturias, Islas Baleares, Islas Canarias, Cantab-ria, Castila y León, Castila La Mancha, Cataluña, Comunidad Valenciana, Ex-tremadura, Galicia, Comunidad de Madrid, Región de Murcia, Comunidad de Nav-arra, País Vasco and La Rioja.
And the two Autonomous Cities:
Ceuta and Melilla (grouped data are given for the two cities due to the small sample size).
TYPE OF MUNICIPALITY
The disaggregation used for national tables was as follows:
– Provincial capitals
– Other municipalities of over 100,000 population
– Rest of municipalities
The disaggregation used for Autonomous Community and some national tables was as follows:
Provincial capitals
Rest of municipalities
Sample design
Type of sampling. Stratification criteria
The sampling type used was the two-staged stratified design.
The first-stage units were census sections.
26
The second-stage units were main family dwellings. No sub-sampling was im-plemented within those units; all households habitually residing in those dwellings were surveyed. The Survey targeted individuals aged 10 and over only. Each re-spondent was asked to fill out an individual questionnaire and an activity diary.
The sample was selected from a geographical areas frame consisting of the census sections used as the frame for the 2001 Population and Housing Census. For second-stage units, a lists frame was used comprising the list of main family dwellings in each of the sections selected for the sample. The dwellings list was drawn from the residents’ file of the Continuous Municipal Register for the date mentioned above.
An independent sample was designed for each Autonomous Community, because one of the aims of the Survey was to produce data at the regional level of disag-gregation.
First-stage units were stratified by the size of the municipality to which the census section belonged.
The following strata were considered1:
Stratum 1: Provincial capitals. In the Comunidad Autónoma de Cataluña, the cap-ital city of Barcelona was treated as an independent stratum.
Stratum 2: Municipalities with population over 100,000.
Stratum 3: Municipalities with population between 50,000 and 100,000.
Stratum 4: Municipalities with population between 20,000 and 50,000.
Stratum 5: Municipalities with population between 10,000 and 20,000.
Stratum 6: Municipalities with population under 10,000.
Sample size. Allocation
Information on the population in terms of the basic features under study and the level of disaggregation at which data were to be analysed was required to determ-ine the sample size.
Based on the pilot study of 1996, we analysed the results on the proportion of in-dividuals engaging in the main activities at a two-digit level of disaggregation. Different types of activities with different levels of sampling error were considered alongside the need to provide data at the Autonomous Community level; this res-ulted in a sample size set at 16,000 family dwellings.
To determine the number of primary units we considered both the results of the pilot study – which from the field work standpoint suggested that the number of dwellings selected in each section should not exceed 8 – and the fact that in lar-ger municipalities there are generally more incidents and difficulties.
Therefore, we established a sample of 10 dwellings in sections in municipalities of population exceeding 50,000 (strata 1, 2 and 3) and of 8 dwellings in the rest.
1 To achieve a basic minimum of allocation by province and stratum in Autonomous Communities which have an agreement with INE (see next section 3.7.2, Sample size. Allocation), certain strata have been fused before sample selection. Hence analysis of this variable is only correct if strata 3, 4, 5 and 6 are considered together.
27
The primary-unit sample was distributed across Autonomous Communities based on a compromise allocation between uniformity and proportionality; we assigned each Autonomous Community a minimum of 350 dwellings, since with this size should produce coefficient variations of less than 15 percent for main activities.
The originally allocated sample was increased in the Autonomous Communities of Andalucía, Cataluña, Galicia and Navarra under our agreement with those regions, so that analysis would be undertaken at finer levels of disaggregation.
The sample was distributed by stratum on a basis of allocation in proportion to the population size of each stratum.
Table I shows the final sample of primary and second-stage units distributed by Autonomous Community.
Sample selection
Census sections were selected in each stratum considering a probability in propor-tion to size.
In each section, dwellings were selected with equal probability by systematic sampling initiated at random.
Table I. Sample distribution by Autonomous Community
Autonomous Community Dwellings SectionsAndalucía 4.872 528Aragón 736 80Asturias (Principado de) 696 76Islas Baleares 600 68Islas Canarias 864 96Cantabria 536 60Castila y León 1.072 120Castila La Mancha 792 92Cataluña 3.792 424Valencia 1.528 172Extremadura 648 76Galicia 2.272 260Madrid (Comunidad de) 1.976 204Murcia (Región de) 696 76Navarra 912 104País Vasco 976 108La Rioja 472 52Ceuta and Melilla 440 44TOTAL 23.880 2.640
This procedure led to self-weighted samples in each stratum.
Sample distribution over time
To attain the Survey goals of examining the population’s use of time, and so that every day in the year was represented, the sample of sections was distributed uni-formly over the fifty-two weeks of the Survey period.
28
Two days were allocated to each section, so that half the dwellings completed the diary on a weekday, selected from Monday to Thursday, while the other half of the dwellings completed the diary from Friday to Sunday. Thus the sample gave ad-ded relevance to the weekend, considering the population’s behaviour is more variable on these days.
Each household member aged 10 or above was asked to fill out an activity diary in respect of the day of the week allocated to his or her dwelling.
Days were allocated to each section by a random procedure.
Table II presents the distribution of the total sample by quarter and week.
Table III shows the distribution of the sample by week-day or weekend.
Estimators
We used ratio estimators, and applied re-weighting techniques to adjust the sample distribution to the population distribution known from external sources.
The following adjustment variables were used:
– Population in family dwellings by province and stratum.
– Population in family dwellings by Autonomous Community, age group and sex.
– Total population in provinces or ‘municipal ambits’. (Only in regions where data are disaggregated down to that level.)
Population figures were obtained from demographic projections.
Given the importance of the type of day for people’s behaviour, the sample is re-garded as consisting of two independent sub-samples: dwellings which completed the diary on a weekday, selected from Monday to Thursday, and dwellings which completed the diary on a day drawn from the range Friday to Sunday.
Table II. Distribution of the total sample of sections by week
Quarter
Week
01
02
03
04
05
06
07
08
09
10
11
12
13
Total
4 / 2002
49
52
49
51
50
50
49
52
52
51
52
52
51
660
1 / 2003
51
52
49
53
52
50
51
50
50
50
52
52
48
660
2 / 2003
51
49
52
49
51
49
52
51
51
53
51
50
51
660
3 / 2003
51
50
52
51
53
53
51
51
49
50
47
50
52
660
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Table III. Distribution of the total sample of sections by day of the week
Day
Quarter
Monday
Tues-day
Wed-nes-day
Thursday
Total Friday
Saturday
Sunday
Total
4 / 2002
163
164
167 166
660
220
221
219
660
1 / 2003
165
165
167 163
660
219
219
222
660
2 / 2003
165
167
162 166
660
220
221
219
660
3 / 2003
165
163
166 166
660
220
220
220
660
GENERAL ESTIMATOR
The initial estimator for the total of a characteristic X produced by sub-sample t in geographical area G is a ratio estimator that considers the probability of dwelling selection, correction for non-response at the stratum level, and population adjust-ment by stratum. It is expressed as follows:
Where:
= estimator of characteristic X in stratum h, produced by sub-sample t:
Ph = population projection with reference to half of the Survey period in stratum h, geographical area G.
= total households in the dwellings of sub-sample t in section i, stratum h.
pjih = persons in household j in section i, stratum h.
xjih = total of persons possessing characteristic X in household j, section i, stratum h.
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nh = number of sections in stratum h.
Geographical area G refers to the Autonomous Community, except in Autonomous Communities where the data are estimated at the provincial or ‘municipal ambit’ level, in which case G refers to this level.
This estimator can be expressed as:
The superindex t refers to the sub-sample of households completing the diary on a day from the Monday to Thursday range (t=1) or the Friday to Sunday range (t=2).
The final estimator is produced by finding a new djih weighting so as to verify:
a) Whether the estimate, based on the sample, of population by age group and sex in each Autonomous Community matches the population projection, i.e.,
Where:
= estimated total, based on the sample, of individuals of the age group and gender (‘es’) in Autonomous Community A.
PA(es) = demographic projection of population of group (‘es’) in Autonomous Com-munity A.
pjih(es) = total of persons in the sample of household j of the age group and gender (‘es’).
b) That the distance between kjih and djih is minimal, according to a previously determ-ined distance function.
c) That the djih weights are the same for all members of household j.
For this adjustment, we used the CALMAR software program developed by INSEE (Institut National de la Statistique et des Études Économiques), the French statist-ics office.
The final expression of the estimator is:
This estimator can be expressed in simplified form as:
where extends to the ambit of reference of the estimate, households or indi-viduals, xj is a variable that takes the value 1 or 0 according to whether or not the household or individual possesses the characteristic in question, and d j is the weighting or elevation factor.
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The estimates for the Survey were produced as averages of the estimates for each sub-sample.
ESTIMATING HOUSEHOLD CHARACTERISTICS
Percentage of households possessing characteristic k.
Where:
= estimated total households possessing characteristic k, obtained from sub-sample t.
where extends to all households of sub-sample t and xj takes the value 1 or 0 according to whether or not the household possesses the characteristic in ques-tion.
= total of households estimated with the sub-sample t= .
n(t) = number of households of sub-sample t. and n = n(1) + n (2)
Average number of equipment goods (in households possessing them).
This figure is obtained from the quotient of the total estimated number of pieces of equipment and the total number of households owning that item of equipment.
Where:
qj = number of pieces of equipment in household j.
ESTIMATING PERSONAL CHARACTERISTICS
A. Relating to daily activity
A respondent’s daily activity is noted in the activity diary, completed by indi-viduals aged 10 and above only.
32
Owing to non-response in respect of activity diaries and, therefore, of the indi-vidual questionnaire, to estimate these variables the dj factor obtained from the general estimator must be corrected.
Non-response is corrected at the stratum, age and sex levels.
In this case the estimator is expressed as follows:
Where:
= adjustment factor produced by the expression:
and are the estimated populations with the total of individuals and with the sample of individuals completing the activity diary in group h(‘es’), re-spectively, in sub-sample t.
is a sum extending to all individuals in group h(‘es’) of sub-sample t.
is a sum extending only to individuals of sub-sample t and group h(‘es’) who have completed the activity diary.
xj takes the value 1 or 0 depending on whether or not individual j of group h(‘es’), who has completed the activity diary, possesses the characteristic in question.
This estimator enables us to obtain the following estimators:
Average daily number of individuals who engage in activity C and possess characteristic K
Where:
xj takes a value of 1 if the individual with characteristic K engages in activity C, and 0 if not.
extends to all individuals of sub-sample t who have completed the activity di-ary.
33
Daily percentage of individuals who engage in activity C and possess characteristic K
P is the population projection obtained from an external source.
Average daily time devoted to activity C by individuals possessing char-acteristic K
Where:
the estimate of the total time devoted every day by individu-als with characteristic K to activity C.
the estimate of the total time devoted by individuals of sub-sample t with characteristic K to activity C.
tjkc = time devoted by individual j, who possesses characteristic K, to activity C.
Distribution of activities on an average day in a K group
This is obtained as the quotient of the total time (in minutes) devoted to the activ-ity by individuals in the group and the total time available to those individuals.
= Estimated total of individuals in group K.
1440 is the number of minutes in a day.
B. Relating to work activity
The estimators relating to the work activity of employed individuals are similar to the above, except that these characteristics are obtained from the question-naire setting out the weekly work timetable.
C. Relating to the activities of the past four weeks
Percentage of individuals engaging in activity k in the past four weeks
Where:
34
, is the total number of individuals completing the Monday-to-Thursday diaries and p = p(1) + p(2)
where xj takes the value 1 or 0 according to whether or not the respondent en-gaged in activity k.
Sampling errors
To estimate sampling errors, we used the Jackknife method, which estimates the variance of the estimator of characteristic X by the expression:
where is the estimate of characteristic X produced by removing the section group i from stratum h, and Ah represents the number of random groups of sec-tions formed in stratum h. The tables disclose the relative sampling error as a per-centage and variation coefficient, expressed as:
The sampling error enables us to determine the confidence interval within which lies the true value of the estimated characteristic.
Sampling theory determines that the interval
contains the true value of parameter X with 95 percent confidence.
Sampling incidents and processing
The following situations encountered by interviewers in their work with a survey section were treated as incidents.
Three types were considered:
1. incidents in dwellings;
2. incidents in households;
3. incidents in individuals.
INCIDENTS IN DWELLINGS
The sample was selected from the frame of main family dwellings drawn from the Continuous Municipal Register. However, interviewers sometimes encountered the following situations:
35
Empty dwelling
The selected dwelling was uninhabited by reason of death or change of address of the individuals formerly living there; or the dwelling was in ruins; or it was a sea-sonal or secondary dwelling.
Non-locatable dwelling
The dwelling could not be located at the address appearing on the list of selected dwellings, because the address was incorrect or the dwelling no longer existed or for other reasons.
Dwelling used for other purposes
The selected dwelling was wholly given over to purposes other than a residence, due to a selection error or to a change in purpose. Therefore, it did not form part of the study population.
Inaccessible dwelling
A dwelling that could not be visited for interview owing to weather conditions, such as floods, or geographical obstacles, such as an absence of traversable roads.
INCIDENTS IN HOUSEHOLDS
Once the interviewer had located the selected dwelling and checked that it was an inhabited family dwelling by contacting the household, he or she would encounter one of the following situations:
A. Household successfully surveyed
The household agreed to provide the information.
Each household was asked to complete a household questionnaire, and each indi-vidual aged 10 or above was asked to complete an individual questionnaire and an activity diary.
The household questionnaire was completed by direct interview with the head of the household, his or her spouse or another person able to report the household’s characteristics.
Individual questionnaires were also completed by direct interview on the contact visit. On this visit, the requisite activity diaries were provided to the household (in-cluding the weekly work timetable) together with any individual questionnaires to be filled out by household members not interviewed.
On the collection visit, if any diary was yet to be completed, the interviewer would try to reconstruct it with the respondent, and, if this was not possible, completion of the diary was postponed until exactly the same day of the following week.
If individual questionnaires were missing on the collection visit, the interviewer would try to obtain the information by direct interview, and, if this was not pos-sible, they were left at the dwelling for self-completion or, of this was the third visit to the dwelling, the interviewer would try to obtain the information by inter-view with another household member.
36
For a household to be regarded as surveyed, the completed questionnaires to be collected had to include:
– the household questionnaire;
– the individual questionnaires and activity diaries, on the following basis:
for households with up to three members aged 10 and above, at least one indi-vidual questionnaire and one activity diary from one and the same individual;
for households with more than three members aged 10 and above, the pair of indi-vidual questionnaire and activity diary from at least two individuals.
B. Household not surveyed
The household did not cooperate with the Survey for one of the following reasons:
Refusal. The entire household or some of its members refused to take part in the Survey.
This incident could arise on first contact with the household or later, when for some reason the household might refuse to return the questionnaires, resulting in the fact that not enough questionnaires were retrieved from that household for it to be regarded as having been surveyed.
Absence. All or some household members were absent, resulting in the fact that during the period of field work with that section not enough questionnaires were obtained to treat the household as having been surveyed.
This incident could arise on any of the section visit days, either on the first contact or later.
Inability to respond. This incident arose when all household members were un-able to respond to the interview or fill out questionnaires by reason of illness, dis-ability, inability to understand or speak the language or other circumstances pre-venting their taking part in the Survey.
INCIDENTS IN INDIVIDUALS
Incidents in individuals arose when for any of the reasons mentioned with regard to households, i.e., refusals, absences and inability to respond, the individual questionnaire and associated activity diary were not completed.
An individual was regarded as having been successfully surveyed when informa-tion was obtained both from his/her individual questionnaire and his/her activity diary, in accordance with section A, Household successfully surveyed, under the Incidents in Households heading.
PROCESSING OF INCIDENTS
A. Incidents in dwellings
a) Empty and non-locatable dwellings and dwellings used for other purposes were re-placed with other dwellings in the same section.
37
The interviewer had a list of back-up dwellings for use when any of the originally selected dwellings had to be replaced. An original ‘weekday’ dwelling, however, could only be replaced with a ‘weekday’ back-up dwelling, and the same applied to ‘weekend’ dwellings.
Inaccessible dwellings or ones from which the household was absent were only re-placed if they did not become accessible or the household did not return before the third visit to the section.
B. Incidents in households
a) Households refusing to cooperate were replaced following the same rules as for case A, incidents in dwellings.
b) If the household was absent, the interviewer ensured that they really were absent, rather than it simply being chance that at the time of the visit all household mem-bers happened to be out of the house.
Once he/she had checked that it was indeed a case of absence, the dwelling was replaced following the same rules as for case A, incidents in dwellings.
c) Households unable to respond were also replaced.
Both originally selected and back-up dwellings were processed in this way.
C. Incidents in individuals
Incidents in individuals would give rise to the household being replaced if the min-imum number of questionnaires indicated in section A, Household successfully surveyed, of Incidents in Households, was not attained.
Collection of information
Collection instruments
Four main collection instruments were used:
1. household questionnaire;
2. individual questionnaire;
3. activity diary (by individual and day):
4. weekly work timetable (for employed respondents, included in the activity diary).
Diagram 1 shows the main blocks of questions in each questionnaire.
The activity diary was the most characteristic instrument of the Survey. All household members aged 10 and over were asked to complete a diary for the se-lected day of the week. The diary’s time grid consisted of 24 consecutive hours (from 6:00 h on the designated day to 6:00 h on the next day) divided into ten-minute intervals, in each of which the respondent was asked to note his/her main activity, secondary activity done simultaneously (if any) and whether at the time he/she was in the company of people known to him/her. Each diary contains addi-
38
tional questions on relevant issues influencing the reported activities (see the design of the activity diary in Appendix II).
To garner information about effective working time, we designed the weekly work timetable, consisting of one sheet attached to the activity diary. Employed respondents (aged 16 and above) were asked to state their effective working time in the reference week (the week ending on the day designated for completion of the diary). We provided a grid of 24 hours by seven days consisting of 15-minute intervals (see the design of the activity diary in Appendix II).
Activity list
An activity list is one of the fundamental constituents of time use surveys. The codes and activities on the activity list have a significant influence on the picture obtained from the information set out in activity diaries by respondents’ self-com-pletion.
The activity list presented in this methodology is an adaptation to the Spanish framework of the harmonised activity list proposed by Eurostat in its Guidelines of September 2000.
The harmonised activity list is based on past experience with time use research; it is indebted to the Szalai project and to later modifications by European countries, Canada and Australia. A group of time use survey experts sponsored by Eurostat and associated with the Harmonised European Time Use Survey worked extens-ively on the list and studied the coding of the activity diary. In addition, the pilot studies carried out in various European countries were of great use in examining preliminary versions of the list. Hence the final Eurostat harmonised activity list was drawn up with a maximum three-digit level of disaggregation.
It is important to underline that this is not an ordinary classification of activities, but a harmonised coding intended for European time use surveys, which can be used and structured flexibly for many other reports, classifications and analyses. The flexibility of the proposed classification also enables us to introduce additional codes based on regional and local needs.
When adapting the harmonised activity list to the Spanish context, our starting-point was the activity list obtained in the pilot study. We identified specific activit-ies carried out in Spain and assessed their significance for the Survey. After this analysis, some activities were added directly under a new code, while others were added to existing codes. This work entailed a great effort of theoretical definition of human activity. We also detected a need to include some codes relating to loc-ation and means of transport, not included in Eurostat’s proposal. Hence we pro-duced the Spanish harmonised activity list, which we outline below.
In the system of codes of the Spanish harmonised activity list we propose four di-mensions in relation to what happens in each period of time defined in the activity diary (10 minutes): the main activity carried out by the respondent in the period in question; the secondary activity, if any, which the respondent does simultan-eously in the period of time considered; with whom the respondent engages in the activity; and the place where the activity is carried out.
The main activity is classified in line with the hierarchical order proposed by Dagfinn Aas (based on VD Patrushev):
1) Necessary personal time (physiological needs, self-care);
39
Diagram 1. Collection instruments and content
Household questionnaire
* Households residing in main family dwellings
* Personal interview with the refer-ence individual (or a household member familiar with the struc-ture, living conditions and budget of the household).
Content
* Personal details of household members
* Childcare methods (for children un-der 10)
* Domestic staff* Characteristics of the principal
dwelling* Household equipment* Kitchen gardens and animals* Income* Services and aid received by the
household* General issues
Individual questionnaire
* All household members aged 10 and over.
* Personal interview (or self-comple-tion in event of absence)
Content
* Economic activity, occupation* Principal employment* Secondary employment* Job-hunting* Help to other households* Voluntary activities* Cultural and leisure activities* Sport activities* Social life* Education and training* State of health* Subjective assessment of time use* General features* Relation to activity
Activity diary
* All household members aged 10 and over.
* Fill out for one day selected previ-ously
* Self-completed
Content
* Main activity* Secondary activity (engaged in at
the same time)* People accompanying the activity
* Diary complement: travel, worker or student
Weekly work timetable
* All employed household members* With reference to the week ending
on the day selected for diary com-pletion
* Self-completed
Content
* Effective hours of work on each day of the reference week
* Entry and exit time from each hourly stretch of work for each job performed
40
(Included in the activity diary.)
2) Time under contract or commitment (paid work and studies);
3) Time committed to other personal activities (domestic work);
4) Free time (Aas 1978).
This type of activity has been developed to create a classification of main activit-ies that sub-divides into 10 main groups.
As shown in the summary table on the next page, the group corresponding to household and family is more finely itemised because the project aims to measure productive activities in the home.
The structure of the classification of main activities includes 177 human activities itemised to three digits which define what an individual may do as his/her main activity in a given period. The three-digit level is generally the finest degree of detail. Four-digit codes apply in some cases. This mostly means activities for which there is insufficient information to classify under a three-digit code. Four-di-git codes are also assigned to activities which are sufficiently defined at a level of detail finer than three digits or for activities specific to Spain, as distinct from the proposed common system of three-digit activities for the general framework of EU countries in Eurostat’s harmonised list.
The activities considered in the classification of main activities seek to meet the needs of national accounts. In particular, they have been designed to serve as the basis for distinguishing between production activities at the boundary of the cent-ral system of national accounts and to garner basic information to draw up the satellite accounts for the households sector.
For secondary activities, we drew up a brief classification of 16 general activities regarded as very frequent and feasibly performed at the same time as a main activity (see Appendix I)
The location code enables us to simplify the coding of the main activity by making it unnecessary to use different codes to identify an activity carried out in different places. Inclusion of the means of transport in the location code further reduces the number of codes necessary for the main activity; in addition, this criterion fits in well with the content of the location code.
The list of locations is a two-digit classification covering 28 locations and means of transport (see Appendix I).
Number of groups(2 di-gits)
Num-ber of groups(3 di-gits)
0. Personal care and hygiene 3 101. Work 3 112. Studies 2 6
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3. Home and family 9 434. Voluntary work and meetings 3 195. Social life and fun 3 156. Sport and outdoor activities 3 157. Hobbies and games 3 228. Communications media 3 119. Travel and unspecified time use 0 25Total 32 177
The ‘with whom’ code was included primarily to procure data on time spent with children. The variable is thus defined broadly as ‘being together’ rather than the more limited concept of ‘doing something together’. It is classified as such in the diary. This variable also makes it easier to classify otherwise incompletely spe-cified actions (see Appendix I).
Field work overview
Field work was apportioned across Provincial Offices, at each of which a Survey in-spector oversaw a team of interviewers. In provinces where the sample was very small, information was collected by the Office of a neighbouring province.
Provincial Offices were grouped into inspection areas, with one or two interviewer inspectors.
The field work unit, in partnership with the INE unit promoting the Survey, created a manual setting out the Survey definitions and features and explaining how the questionnaires were to be completed and how field work was to be conducted.
Given the nature of the information sought by the Survey, the information was collected by interviewers visiting households and conducting personal interviews or providing questionnaires for self-completion by respondents (see Schematic 2).
It was decided to make two visits, all else being equal, to each dwelling: a contact visit and a collection visit. A third, final collection visit was made if collection had to be postponed.
PRELIMINARY WORK
Prior to Survey visits, interviewers did a range of preliminary tasks: study of the section, preparation of all the materials, travel to the relevant municipality and location of the Survey dwellings.
Sample dwellings were sent in advance a letter from INE’s Director General of Statistical Products announcing that they had been selected for the Time Use Sur-vey, and informing them of the forthcoming visit from an INE interviewer who would ask them for the relevant information.
TYPES OF VISIT
In each section, half the dwellings completed the diary on a working day (Monday to Thursday), while the other half of dwellings completed the diary on a weekend day (Friday to Sunday).
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Visits to each section were spread out as follows:
– The first visit took place on the working day before the date of completion of the first diary of the section (the working-day diary). On this visit, the team tried to contact all dwellings in the section to complete the household questionnaire and individual questionnaires and provide diaries for self-completion by respondents.
– The second visit took place on the working day following the date of completion of the first diary. On this second visit, the interviewer collected from dwellings ques-tionnaires and diaries which should have been completed the previous day (work-ing-day group), and contact was re-attempted with any dwellings the interviewer was unable to contact on the first visit.
– The third visit took place on the working day following the date of completion of the second diary (the weekend-day diary). On this third visit, the interviewer col-lected from dwellings questionnaires and diaries which should have been com-pleted the previous day (weekend-day group), and any questionnaires and diaries from working-day dwellings not collected on the previous visit.
Further visits were made to the section (generally the day after diary completion) if diaries had been postponed; visits were limited to a maximum of five.
Tasks carried out on the various visits to households are described hereunder.
Contact visit
This visit was made at least one day before diary completion.
On the day assigned to the contact visit, several visits were made at different times to any absent households in an attempt to contact them.
First, we determined whether the dwelling was eligible for Survey. If it was eli-gible, we ascertained whether there was one or more than one household in the dwelling, and then explained the aims of the Survey to each household. If the household decided to take part, the household questionnaire and the maximum possible number of individual questionnaires were completed by direct interview with the respondents.
Then we explained how and when respondents were to fill out the activity diary and who (which household members) were to do so, emphasising the importance of correct completion. Having described the diary, we explained how to fill out the weekly working timetable (on the back page of the diary), who was to fill it in, and what week it referred to (the week ending on the day selected for diary comple-tion, i.e., respondents were asked to complete effective working periods over seven days, where the seventh day was the day of diary completion).
Finally, the requisite activity diaries were provided to the household (including the weekly work timetable) together with any individual questionnaires to be filled out by household members we had not been able to interview.
Respondents were asked for a contact telephone number to arrange later visits and for monitoring and reminders to households members.
We also reminded respondents that the Survey letter of introduction indicated a telephone they could contact for any questions or doubts about completion of the questionnaires and diaries or for arranging visit times.
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Collection visit
We tried to make this visit as soon after the diary completion day as possible.
If the household questionnaire could not be completed on the previous visit, it was completed during this visit. The visit was arranged beforehand at the most con-venient time at which the interviewer could talk to a household member able to report on the structure, living conditions and budget of the household.
On this visit, diaries were collected and checked on the spot (including the weekly work timetable), as well as any individual questionnaires left to be self-completed; any respondents’ doubts were dealt with.
Inconsistencies detected in the diary were corrected by asking for the relevant in-formation.
If any household member had failed to complete the diary on the appointed day, the interviewer would try to reconstruct it with the respondent, and, if this was not possible, completion of the diary was postponed until exactly the same day of the following week. Hence completion of the weekly work timetable was likewise post-poned, because its reference week was always the week ending on the day of completion of the activity diary.
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Diagram 2. Questionnaires completed by households
Respondent Questionnaire itemisationReference household member:
(by personal interview)household questionnaire
All household members aged 10 and over.
(by personal interview or self-completion)
indi-vidual ques-tion-naire
indi-vidual ques-
tionnaire
indi-vidual ques-tion-naire
One diary for every household member aged 10 and over
(by self-completion)
diary diary diary
All employed household mem-bers
(by self-completion)
weekly work
timetable
weekly work
timetable
weekly work
timetable
If any individual questionnaire had not been completed, the interviewer would try to obtain the information by direct interview, and, if this was not possible, the questionnaires were left for self-completion.
Final collection visit
We tried to arrange (by telephone, earlier visits, etc.) the most suitable time for the household for the final visit beforehand.
On this visit, we collected any questionnaires and diaries that had not been re-trieved earlier.
If any of the individual questionnaires had not been completed, we tried to obtain the necessary information from the respondent or another household member.
For incomplete diaries and related queries, we approached the respondent only, owing to the confidentiality of the information.
When necessary, we paid further visits to the household, up to a maximum of five visits to the section.
POST-INTERVIEW WORK
Post-interview work included questionnaire counting, checking interactive data entry and coding, and the preparation of questionnaire and data records to be dis-patched to Head Office.
In addition, the Provincial Offices completed a field work report for each dwelling and household envisaging incidents, number of household members and question-naires and diaries completed.
Interviewer team
At the outset, 93 interviewers were recruited across 37 Provincial Offices, and 16 interviewer inspectors for 14 inspection areas.
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The interviewer teams for each Provincial Office were trained by the Inspectors in charge of the Survey at each office. The Interviewer’s Manual was used as the main document of reference in both training and day-to-day work.
Besides the interview work described above in the section on household visits, the team kept up fluent communication with households to aid information collection.
To enter the data from collected questionnaires, the team used a CADI-type soft-ware application including range controls (valid values) of variables and flow checks, coding aids (important for the activity diary) and controls on data entry of activity diaries (such as ‘no travel recorded in the day’, ‘no meal break’, ‘no sleep’). This notably improved the quality of data collection for the diary and other questionnaires.
These software applications were developed by INE’s Sub-Directorate General of Statistical Computing.
Field work inspection and supervision
A Survey Inspector was appointed at each Provincial Office, in charge of collecting and dispatching questionnaires, and organising and supervising interviewers and interviewer inspectors. The role of Survey Inspectors was to:
– Train interviewers at the Provincial Office.
– Monitor reception of information from households.
– Review the quality of the collected information (correcting, coding – including diar-ies – and data entry).
– Prepare and send the questionnaires to the Head Office, together with the associ-ated work reports.
Survey Inspectors were given a training course at the Head Office. The course in-cluded practice sessions so as to facilitate comprehension and handling of the forms to be collated throughout the Survey. The Interviewer’s Manual was the ba-sic tool used for the course.
Then each Survey Inspector personally directed training for interviewers and inter-viewer inspectors. The course included practice sessions, although the training was also ongoing, because regular meetings were held to discuss the difficulties and problems of the Survey.
Interviewer inspectors and Survey Inspectors inspected some of the sections. On these inspections, all dwellings of the selected section were visited to check that any incidents noted by the interviewer in households was correct; respondents were asked to check their answers against the original interview.
Information processing
The main stages of information processing were:
– Information processing at Provincial Offices: Receipt and control of questionnaires, data entry using a CADI-type application as described at 3.8.4. Questionnaire iden-
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tifications and duplicates were checked. Incident and situation reports were filled out.
– Datasets integrated on a monthly basis.
– Monthly information processing at Head Office: A filtering team tested the quality of data entry performed by Provincial Offices using stricter controls. The datasets were processed using deterministic imputation and intra-and inter-questionnaire inconsistency control applications to produce listings of records containing errors. We used an interactive data-editing application for this process.
– Half-yearly integration of monthly datasets to produce an interim release of Survey results.
– Compilation of the interim results dataset with corrected elevation factors and in-terim results analysis tables.
– Production of the final interim results datasets and associated tables.
– Annual integration of monthly datasets.
– Compilation of the annual elevated results dataset with corrected elevation factors and results analysis tables.
– Production of the final results dataset.
– Final results tabulation (see results tables in parts two and three).
– Production of the anonymised dataset.
Publication of results
In July 2003 we published a press release on the interim results based on the first half-year of the Survey. We also uploaded a set of interim results tables to the INE website, www.ine.es.
In July 2004, we published a press release on the final results based on all the in-formation collected in the Survey, which can be viewed on INE’s website, with a set of tables of the final results in various formats. The final results are also avail-able as computer files.
Alongside this Methodology, this volume also includes the final results at the na-tional level, while the final results by Autonomous Community will be published in two further volumes.
Finally, the final Survey dataset, with anonymised individual data, is also available on request.
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Appendix I
Activity list
0 PERSONAL CARE000 Unspecified personal care01 SLEEP010 Unspecified sleep011 Sleep012 Sick in bed02 EATING020 Unspecified eating and drinking021 Main eating and drinking022 Secondary eating and drinking03 OTHER PERSONAL CARE030 Unspecified other personal care031 Wash and dressing039 Other specified personal care
1 EMPLOYMENT100 Unspecified employment11 MAIN JOB111 Working time in main job112 Coffee and other breaks in main job113 Training in the main job 12 SECOND JOB121 Working time in second job122 Coffee and other breaks in second job123 Training during second job13 ACTIVITIES RELATED TO EMPLOYMENT130 Unspecified activities related to employment131 Lunch break132 Job hunting139 Other specified activities related to employment
2 STUDY200 Unspecified study21 SCHOOL OR UNIVERSITY210 Unspecified activities related to school or university211 Classes and lectures212 Homework219 Other specified activities related to school or university22 STUDIES DURING FREE TIME 221 Studies during free time
3 HOUSEHOLD AND FAMILY CARE300 Unspecified household and family care31 FOOD MANAGEMENT310 Unspecified food management311 Food preparation
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312 Baking313 Dish washing314 Preserving319 Other specified food management32 HOUSEHOLD UPKEEP320 Unspecified household upkeep321 Cleaning dwelling322 Cleaning yard323 Heating and water 324 Various arrangements329 Other specified household upkeep33 MAKING AND CARE FOR TEXTILES330 Unspecified making and care for textiles331 Laundry332 Ironing333 Handicraft and producing textiles339 Other specified making and care for textiles34 GARDENING AND PET CARE340 Unspecified gardening and pet care341 Gardening342 Tending domestic animals343 Caring for pets344 Walking the dog349 Other specified gardening and pet care35 CONSTRUCTION AND REPAIRS 350 Unspecified construction and repairs351 House construction and renovation352 Repairs of dwelling353 Making, repairing and maintaining equipment354 Vehicle maintenance359 Other specified construction and repairs36 SHOPPING AND SERVICES360 Unspecified shopping and services361 Shopping362 Commercial and administrative services363 Personal services369 Other specified shopping and services37 HOUSEHOLD MANAGEMENT371 Household management38 CHILDCARE380 Unspecified childcare381 Physical care and supervision382 Teaching the child383 Reading, playing and talking with child384 Accompanying child389 Other specified childcare39 ASSISTANCE TO AN ADULT FAMILY MEMBER391 Assistance to an adult family member
4 VOLUNTEER WORK AND MEETINGS400 Unspecified volunteer work and meetings41 ORGANISATIONAL WORK410 Unspecified organisational work411 Work for an organisation412 Volunteer work through an organisation419 Other specified organisational work42 INFORMAL HELP TO OTHER HOUSEHOLDS
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420 Unspecified informal help421 Food management as help422 Household upkeep as help423 Gardening and pet care as help424 Construction and repairs as help425 Shopping and services as help426 Help in employment and farming427 Childcare as help428 Assistance to an adult of another household429 Other specified informal help43 PARTICIPATORY ACTIVITIES430 Unspecified participatory activities431 Meetings432 Religious activities439 Other specified participatory activities
5 SOCIAL LIFE AND ENTERTAINMENT500 Unspecified social life and entertainment 51 SOCIAL LIFE 510 Unspecified social life511 Socialising with family512 Visiting and receiving visitors513 Celebrations 514 Telephone conversation519 Other specified social life52 ENTERTAINMENT AND CULTURE520 Unspecified entertainment and culture521 Cinema522 Theatre and concerts523 Art exhibitions and museums524 Library525 Sports events529 Other specified entertainment and culture53 RESTING – TIME OUT531 Resting – Time out
6 SPORTS AND OUTDOOR ACTIVITIES600 Unspecified sports and outdoor activities61 PHYSICAL EXERCISE610 Unspecified physical exercise611 Walking and hiking612 Jogging and running613 Biking, skiing and skating614 Ball games615 Gymnastics616 Fitness617 Water sports619 Other specified physical exercise62 PRODUCTIVE EXERCISE620 Unspecified productive exercise621 Hunting and fishing622 Picking berries, mushroom and herbs629 Other specified productive exercise63 SPORTS RELATED ACTIVITIES631 Sports related activities
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7 HOBBIES AND GAMES700 Unspecified hobbies and games71 ARTS 710 Unspecified arts711 Visual arts712 Performing arts713 Literary arts719 Other specified arts72 HOBBIES720 Unspecified hobbies721 Collecting722 Computing – programming723 Information by computing724 Communication by computing725 Other computing726 Correspondence727 Information by mobile728 Communication by mobile 729 Other specified hobbies73 GAMES 730 Unspecified games731 Solo games and play732 Parlour games and play733 Computer games734 Gambling739 Other specified games
8 MASS MEDIA800 Unspecified mass media81 READING810 Unspecified reading811 Reading newspapers and supplements812 Reading books819 Other specified reading82 TV AND VIDEO 820 Unspecified watching TV or video821 Watching TV822 Watching video83 RADIO AND MUSIC830 Unspecified listening to radio and music831 Listening to radio832 Listening to recordings
9 TRAVEL AND UNSPECIFIED TIME USE900 Unspecified travel purpose901 Travel related to personal care911 Travel as part of/during main job912 Travel as part of/during second job913 Travel to/from work921 Travel to/from school or university922 Travel related to study during free time 931 Travel related to household care936 Travel related to shopping and services938 Transporting a child939 Transporting an adult family member
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941 Travel related to organisational work942 Travel related to informal help943 Travel related to participatory activities951 Travel related to social life952 Travel related to entertainment and culture961 Travel related to sports and outdoor activities971 Travel related to hobbies981 Travel related to changing locality982 Driving for pleasure
AUXILIARY CODES990 No activity recorded995 Filling in the time use diary996 Filling another survey998 Unspecified leisure time999 Other unspecified time use
SECONDARY ACTIVITY01 Eating and drinking02 Other personal care 03 Employment 04 Lunch break 05 Study 06 Doing housework07 Sewing 08 Gardening and pet care 09 Childcare and assistance to an adult family member10 Volunteer work and informal assistance to another household 11 Participatory activities, social life 12 Resting-time out, sport and hobbies 13 Reading 14 Watching TV/video 15 Listening to radio/music 16 Other secondary activity
LOCATION10 Unspecified location11 Working place and home (when it is the same location)12 Home 13 Second home or weekend house14 Working place or school (out of home)15 Other people's home16 Restaurant, cafe or pub19 Other specified location
PRIVATE TRANSPORT20 Unspecified private transport mode21 Travelling on foot22 Travelling by bicycle23 Travelling by moped, motorcycle or motorboat24 Travelling by passenger car25 Travelling by lorry, van or tractor26 Other specified private travelling mode
PUBLIC TRANSPORT30 Unspecified public transport mode31 Travelling by taxi
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32 Travelling by bus or coach33 Travelling by tram or underground34 Travelling by train35 Travelling by aeroplane36 Travelling by boat or ship39 Other specified public transport mode40 Unspecified transport mode51 Beach/swimming pool52 Country (side), in the open air, sports centre 53 Commercial centre, green market54 In the street
WITH WHOMAloneChildren up to 9, living in the householdOther household membersOther persons, acquainted with the respondent
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Appendix II
Questionnaires
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Household Questionnaire 1
Identification
Province: _ _Section code: _ _ _ _ _ - _Municipality: _ _ _ _District – section: _ _ _ _ _Year/quarter/week: _ _ / _ / _ _
Dwelling sequence number: _ _Household sequence number: _Interviewer: _ _Respondent sequence number: _ _Interview date:day _ _ month _ _ year _ _
Reference person identificationName of the person usually living in this household who is the household’s ‘refer-ence person’:____________________________________________________________________________
A. Household membership table (HM = household member)State the names of the individuals usually living in the household (whether present or temporarily absent due to illness, studies, work, etc.).
For each individual:Do you contribute to the household budget? YES HM NO Next question
Is this your main residence? (Long-term guests at the dwelling for one year or more: answer YES) YES Next questionNO End (No HM)
If you are related to the reference person or are a live-in domestic employee, an-swer YES. Otherwise answer NO.YES HM NO Other household (within the same dwelling)
Household members’ sequence numbers _ _
Total number of household members: _ _
1. For household members onlyFor each household member:Name ______________________________________________Sequence number _ _
1. Residence status1. Present6. Absent
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2. Gender1. Male6. Female
3. Relationship with: Please state family relationships using the codes as follows: the person in the row is … (insert code) to the person in the column.Example: If person 04 and person 02 are siblings, then put down code 03 in row 04 of the second column (02).
1. Spouse or partner2. Son/daughter, son-/daughter-in-law3. Brother/sister, brother-/sister-in-law4. Father/mother, father-/mother-in-law5. Other relative (grandparent, nephew/niece, uncle/aunt, cousin, etc.)6. Not related
4. Date of birthMonthYearAge (only if date of birth not known)
5. Activity statusState the code that best describes your activity status.
01.Employed full-time.Worked at least 1 hour in the previous week as an employee, as a self-employed worker, or as family help.02. Employed part-time.Worked at least 1 hour in the previous week as an employee, as a self-employed worker, or as family help.
03.Temporarily absent from work on maternity/paternity leave.04.Temporarily absent from work for other reasons.05.Unemployed.06.In education and/or training.07.Receiving a retirement or early-retirement pension.08.Receiving a permanent disability or invalidity pension.09.Receiving a widowhood or orphanage pension.10.Fulfilling domestic tasks.
(Includes care for children and adults.)11.Social voluntary work.12.Other activity status.
2. For household members aged under 10 onlyState any care received and/or school status of children aged under 10 years, starting with the youngest and in increasing order of age, and the average weekly hours of such childcare.(You may indicate more than one option if needed.)
For each child by increasing order of age:Household member sequence number: _ _
Regular childcareCared for by individuals:1. Relatives in the household2. Unpaid persons (relatives outside the household, friends, neighbours, etc.).3. Paid persons (babysitters, child care specialists, etc.)(If Yes, record average weekly hours)
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Attends an institution4. Kindergarten, infant school, crèche5. School(If Yes, record average weekly hours -include hours devoted to extracurricular activities within the institution (provided that they are regular-).
If the child attends an institution, please fill out the following details:6. The institution where they spend the most time is: Public / Private 7. Do the children have lunch at the institution? Yes / No
B. Domestic staffPlease state whether you employ domestic staff, the number of persons employed and the average weekly hours they devote to their work.If you employ more than one person, calculate the weekly average hours devoted by each individual and state the total sum.
3. Do you employ domestic staff?If Yesa) Live-in domestic staff: Number of individuals / Total weekly hoursb) Outside domestic staff: Number of individuals / Total weekly hours
C. Characteristics of the main dwelling4.What kind of dwelling do you live in?Single-family house: - detached- semi-detached or terracedBlock comprising more than one dwelling:- under 10 dwellings- 10 or more dwellingsOther accommodation:- in a building mainly used for other purposes (school, office, workshop, etc.) - other permanent accommodation (barracks, cabin, hut, cave, etc.)
5.What is the form of tenure of the dwelling?- Ownership.- Lease or sublet (includes semi-rent-free dwellings; rent-free dwellings wherever the household makes an advance deposit of rent which is later reimbursed; and rent-free dwellings assigned by a non-profit public or private institution, provided they are not owned by the assignor, whether or not the household pays an ad-vance rent deposit).- Rent-free (except those included under the foregoing heading).
6.How many rooms are there in the dwelling?Exclude: kitchens, bathrooms or lavatories, terraces, passages, hallways, land-ings, cloakrooms, storerooms and rooms solely for professional purposes.Include: bedrooms, dining rooms, drawing rooms, sitting rooms, etc. Also in-clude: lumber rooms, cellars and attics of 4 m2 or more in area, that can be ac-cessed from the dwelling and are used for residential purposes.- Number of rooms
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7.Does the dwelling have the following amenities?1. Independent kitchen2. Permanent bath or shower fittings3. Lavatory with running water inside the dwelling4. Hot water:
IndividualCollective5. Heating powered by a common source:
IndividualCollective6. Refrigeration (air conditioning, portable devices, NOT fans)7. Garage8. A place to sit outside (terrace, balcony, yard, garden, etc.)9. Vegetable garden or livestock yard attached to the dwelling10. A place used as a workshop (garage, shed, special room)
8. Are you currently building a house for your permanent living, a second home or an outhouse?Yes No
9. Are you currently making extensive repairs to your main residence or to a second home?Yes No
D. Household equipment goods
10. For each of the following items, please indicate if your household has it in use or not. It does not matter whether the item is owned, ren-ted or otherwise provided for your use.
Yes No If Yes, How many?1. TV2. Cable TV3. Satellite TV4. Video recorder5. DVD player 6. Stereo7. Computer (desktop, laptop, etc.)8. Internet connection9. Landline telephone10.Mobile telephone11.Motorcycle for private use12.Car or van for private use13.Microwave oven14.Dishwasher15.Washing machine16.Tumble drier17.Refrigerator18.Independent freezer19.A second home
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E. Growing plants and keeping animals11. Please answer the questions on growing plants and keeping animals for each of the following categories.
Does anyone in the household grow or cultivate plants?Does the household make an income from sale of any product grown?1. Edible plants, fruit and vegetables, cereals, pulses, fruit trees, etc.2. Ornamental plants
Does anyone in the household keep or train animals?Does the household make an income from sale of any product (goods or services) arising from keeping or training animals? 3. Domestic (or farm) animals4. Pets
F. Income12. Which of the following regular sources of income does your household have at present? Consider income received by all household members, including children, and any income received by the household as a whole.
1. Employment (wages or salaries)2. Self-employment3. Contribution and non-contribution pensions (retirement, disability, widowhood)4. Unemployment benefits and aid5. Other regular social aid and benefits (grants, family aid, temporary disability bene-
fit, etc.)6. Income from property and investments (rent, leases, dividends, interest, intellec-
tual property income, insurance company and private-policy pension income)7. Other regular income from sources other than work: transfers from other house-
holds, institutional donations, regular income from life insurance.Interviewer:- If the household receives income from a single source (one YES only), go to question 14.- If the household receives income from more than one source (more than one YES), go to question 13.- If the household receives no income (all NO), go to question 15.
13. If the household receives income from more than one source, re-port the largest source. (This may be the sum of household members’ in-come from the same source.)- Largest source of incomeInterviewer: Check the number of each source of income in question 12 and enter the relevant number.
14. Indicate the range of average total monthly income for all house-hold members, i.e., the sum of monthly income from all sources and of all household members, minus taxes and social security contributions (or deductible expenses, withholding tax, part-payments, if income is re-ceived for self-employment). (Include the proportionate monthly part of extra salary payments and other extra pay if received regularly.)- Under €500- From €500 to €999.99- From €1,000 to €1,499.99- From €1,500 to €1,999.99- From €2,000 to €2,499.99- From €2,500 to €2,999.99- From €3,000 to €4,999.99
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- €5,000 and over
G. Help and services received by the household15. In the last four weeks, has the household received any help from a person OUTSIDE the household (external domestic staff, friends, neigh-bours, relatives not living with you) with the following tasks?(Regardless of whether the help was given freely or at a price.)Services provided by companies or public bodies are excluded.There is a detailed itemised list of help and services below.Help activitiesHave you received help from any person OUTSIDE your household in the past four weeks?Average weekly hours of this kind of helpDo you usually pay for such help?
1. Food preparation2. Home maintenance3. Clothes-making and care4. Gardening and taking care of pets5. Building and repairs (including vehicles) 1
6. Shopping7. Household errands and services (including vehicles) 1
8. Childcare9. Care for adults10.Other help (please specify)
1 The difference between headings 5 and 7 as regards vehicle maintenance is in the ac -tion of the person giving the help. For example, if a person helps you change a punc-tured tyre, he or she may be said to be doing a physical task, which comes under head-ing 5; but if the person helps you by calling a repair garage, he or she may be said to be running an errand for vehicle maintenance, which comes under heading 7.The distinction also applies to other activities and services on the list.
Specification of help activities1. Food preparation
Preparation of meals and confectionery, laying and clearing the table.Washing, drying and putting away dishes.Preparation of homemade preserved or frozen foods.
2. Home maintenanceCleaning the home, vacuum cleaning, cleaning or polishing floors, cleaning win-dows and glass, making beds, tidying, organising.Cleaning the cellar, garage or yard, removing snow.Waste treatment, paper and bottle sorting, etc.Supply of heating materials and water, cutting and collecting firewood.Putting away shopping, looking after houseplants, preparing baggage for travel, removals.
3. Clothes-making and careWashing, ironing, putting away clothes.Care of garments, shoes, home draperies.Making textiles, weaving, embroidering, dress-making, knitting, etc.
4. Gardening and taking care of petsGrowing edible and ornamental plants.Taking care of domestic animals and pets.Dog-walking.
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5. Building and repairsHouse building and repair work, painting, placing wallpaper and/or carpeting, dec-oration, repair of installations, cleaning after building work.Repair of equipment such as tools, ski gear or other sport items.Vehicle maintenance (done physically by the persons helping) such as changing tyres, mending punctures on bicycles, cleaning boats, etc.Making furniture and household utensils.
6. ShoppingShopping for day-to-day consumer goods such as drinks, newspapers, cigarettes, sweets, food, clothes, shoes, books and maintenance and repairs shopping.Durable consumer goods such as furniture, cars, etc.
7. Household errands and servicesAdministrative services, post, bank, police station, car inspection, tax statement. Launderette, cobbler, travel agent.Car maintenance, carwash, taking the car to the repair garage, parking the car.Transport services: taking someone to work, to the supermarket, etc.Veterinary care for pets.Budget planning, accounting, shopping lists.Telephone calls and correspondence with institutions or government.Use of a computer for household management.
8. ChildcarePhysical care, watching over children.Reading, playing, conversation, help with homework and studies.School / kindergarten meeting.Accompany children to school, doctor’s surgery, etc. Transport for children.
9. Care for adults (other than domestic work)Personal services to adults in general, care for disabled, ill or elderly adults. Hy-giene, haircutting, massage.Psychological support, information and guidance.Accompanying an adult to a medical appointment. Visits in hospital.Reading, play, conversation.
H. General issues
16. How long did it take you to complete the questionnaire?If you do not know the exact time spent, please indicate an approximate time.Hours Minutes
17. Who completed the questionnaire?- The interviewer- A household member; please specify:
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Individual questionnaire 2
Identification
Province: _ _Section code: _ _ _ _ _ - _Municipality: _ _ _ _District – section: _ _ _ _ _Year/quarter/week: _ _ / _ / _ _
Dwelling sequence number: _ _Household sequence number: _Interviewer: _ _Respondent sequence number: _ _Respondent name:Please state the date of completion of this questionnaire: day _ _ month _ _ year _ _
A. Economic activity status in the past weekIf you are aged under 16, please go to question 21.
1.In the last week, from Monday to Sunday, did you work for at least one hour in a paid job (paid in cash or in kind) for an employer or on your own account (as a businessperson or self-employed worker) or in sup-port of the family business?This includes any paid apprenticeship or training.Yes Go to question 4. No
2.If you did not work last week, do you have a job from which you were absent for some reason?If you have a job but have not yet started it, answer ‘No’.Yes No Go to question 17.
3.What was the main reason why you did not work?- Holiday leave- Illness, injury or temporary disability- Leave of absence for studies- Maternity or paternity leave- Labour dispute- Other (please specify)
A.1 Main job in the previous week4. What was your occupational status last week (main job)?If you had more than one job, refer to your main job.Employer (go to question 10)Businessperson without employees or self-employed worker (go to question 10)Cooperative member (go to question 10)In family business (go to question 10)Employee:- Private sector (including non-profit private institutions)- Public sector (including state and para-state corporations and bodies)Other: (please specify)
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5.Do you have a number of paid holidays set down by contract (main job)?If so, indicate one of the two options below:Number of working days a year: orNumber of working days a month:
6.Do you have a number of weekly hours of work set down by contract (main job)?Hours
7. Do you have flexible working time in your job?
8. What kind of working day do have in your job?- Full-time- Part-time
9. What type of working day is it?- Continuous- Split
10. What was your occupation, profession or trade in your main job last week?Please be as specific as possible. E.g., shop attendant, car mechanic, lathe worker, unskilled construction worker, crane operator, etc.
11. What is the activity of the establishment at which you worked last week in your main job?Please be as accurate as you can about the specific nature of the activity (e.g., handicrafts, retail, mining, goods transport, etc.), the product made, extracted, cultivated, etc. (e.g., book publishing, trouser making, coalmining, etc.) or the service provided (e.g., selling groceries, car insurance, computer data-pro-cessing, etc.).If you were a worker assigned by a Temporary Employment Agency, specify the activity of the establishment to which you were assigned.
12. Indicate the range of your average net monthly income from your main job. (Include the proportionate monthly part of extra salary payments and other extra pay if received regularly.)The net amount is the pay you actually receive after taxes, social security contri -butions and similar deductions, if you work for an employer.If you are self-employed, the net amount is your income after withholding tax, part-payments and similar deductions and deductible expenses.- Under €500- From €500 to €999.99- From €1,000 to €1,249.99- From €1,250 to €1,499.99- From €1,500 to €1,999.99- From €2,000 to €2,499.99- From €2,500 to €2,999.99- €3,000 and over
A. 2 A.1 Second job in the previous week13. Besides your main job, did you do any other work for at least one hour in a paid job (paid in cash or in kind) for an employer or on your own account (as a businessperson or self-employed worker) or in sup-port of the family business?Yes No Go to question 17.
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14. What is the activity of the establishment at which you worked last week in your second job?(Please be as specific as possible; see question 11.)
15. What was your occupational status with respect to your second job?EmployerBusinessperson without employees or self-employed workerCooperative memberIn family businessEmployee:- Private sector (including non-profit private institutions)- Public sector (including state and para-state corporations and bodies)Other (please specify)
16. Indicate the range of your average net monthly income from your second job. (Include the proportionate monthly part of extra salary pay-ments and other extra pay if received regularly.)The net amount is the pay you actually receive after taxes, social security contri -butions and similar deductions, if you work for an employer.If you are self-employed, the net amount is your income after withholding tax, part-payments and similar deductions and deductible expenses.- Under €500- From €500 to €999.99- From €1,000 to €1,249.99- From €1,250 to €1,499.99- From €1,500 to €1,999.99- From €2,000 to €2,499.99- From €2,500 to €2,999.99- €3,000 and over
B. Job hunting17. Are you currently seeking full- or part-time work, whether for an em-ployer, as a businessperson or as a self-employed worker?YesNo, I have already found a job (and will start in the next three months) (Go to ques-tion 21)No (Go to question 21)
18. If you found a suitable job now, could you start within the next two weeks?Yes No
19. Have you taken active steps in the last four weeks to find work?Yes No (Go to question 21)
20. What steps have you taken in the last four weeks to find work?You may note more than one response.1. Registered with a public employment office. 2. Registered with a private employment office. 3. Applied to employers directly.4. Asked friends, relatives, a trade union, etc.5. Placed, consulted or replied to advertisements in newspapers or on the radio, TV or the Internet.6. Taken tests, exams or interviews for employment.7. Taken steps to set up a business (search for premises, applying for licences, etc.).
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8. Other (please specify):
C. Activity status21. What was your activity status last week?If more than one applies, indicate only the main status.- Employed (worked for at least one hour) or temporarily absent from work.- Unemployed, looking for first job.- Unemployed, have worked before.- In education and/or training.- Receiving a retirement or early-retirement pension.- Receiving a permanent disability or invalidity pension.- Receiving a widowhood or orphanage pension.- Doing domestic work (includes care for children and adults).- Social voluntary work.- Other (please specify):
D. Helping other households22. In the last four weeks, other than paid employment, have you provided any help to a person outside your household (friends, neigh-bours, relatives not living with you) with the following tasks? (Regard-less of whether the help was given freely or paid.)There is a detailed itemised list of help and services below.Activities performed via groups or organisations are excluded (they are con-sidered in question 23). Help provided to a household family business are also ex-cluded.
Helping other householdsHave you provided help in the last four weeks?Average weekly hours of helpAre you usually paid for such help?1. Food preparation2. Home maintenance3. Clothes-making and care4. Gardening and taking care of pets5. Building and repairs (including vehicles) 1
6. Shopping7. Household errands and services (including vehicles) 1
8. Childcare9. Assistance to adults10. Other (please specify):1 The difference between headings 5 and 7 as regards vehicle maintenance is in the action of the person giving the help. For example, if you help change a punctured tyre, you may be said to be do-ing a physical task, which comes under heading 5; but if you help by calling a repair garage, you may be said to be running an errand for vehicle maintenance, which comes under heading 7.The distinction also applies to other activities and services on the list.
Specification of activities helping other households1. Food preparation
Preparation of meals and confectionery, laying and clearing the table.Washing, drying and putting away dishes.Preparation of homemade preserved or frozen foods.
2. Home maintenanceCleaning the home, vacuum cleaning, cleaning or polishing floors, cleaning win-dows and glass, making beds, tidying, organising.Cleaning the cellar, garage or yard, removing snow.
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Waste treatment, paper and bottle sorting, etc.Supply of heating materials and water, cutting and collecting firewood.Shopping and errands, looking after houseplants, preparing baggage for travel, re-movals.
3. Clothes-making and careWashing, ironing, putting away clothes.Care of garments, shoes, home draperies.Making textiles, weaving, embroidering, dress-making, knitting, etc.
4. Gardening and taking care of petsGrowing edible and ornamental plants.Taking care of domestic animals and pets.Dog-walking.
5. Building and repairsHouse building and repair work, painting, placing wallpaper and/or carpeting, dec-oration, repair of installations, cleaning after building work.Repair of equipment such as tools, ski gear or other sport items.Vehicle maintenance (done physically by the persons helping) such as changing tyres, mending punctures on bicycles, cleaning boats, etc.Making furniture and household utensils.
6. ShoppingShopping for day-to-day consumer goods such as drinks, newspapers, cigarettes, sweets, food, clothes, shoes, books and maintenance and repairs shopping.Durable consumer goods such as furniture, cars, etc.
7. Household errands and servicesAdministrative services, post, bank, police station, car inspection, tax statement.Launderette, cobbler, travel agent.Car maintenance, carwash, taking the car to the repair garage, parking the car.Transport services: taking someone to work, to the supermarket, etc.Veterinary care for pets.Budget planning, accounting, shopping lists.Telephone calls and correspondence with institutions or government.Use of a computer for household management.
8. ChildcarePhysical care, watching over children.Reading, playing, conversation, help with homework and studies.School / kindergarten meeting.Accompany children to school, doctor’s surgery, etc. Transport for children.
9. Assistance to adults (other than domestic work)Personal services to adults in general, care for disabled, ill or elderly adults. Hy-giene, haircutting, massage.Psychological support, information and guidance.Accompanying an adult to a medical appointment. Visits in hospital.Reading, play, conversation.
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E. Voluntary activities23. In the last four weeks, other than paid employment, have you done any voluntary work or given voluntary help for any of the following or-ganisations, groups or associations?Voluntary work is defined as any work organised through an organisation or insti-tution (e.g., social voluntary work, parish work, sports club, trade union, etc.) for which the respondent works without receiving payment.There is a detailed itemised list of help and services on the previous page.
Organisations, groups or associationsHave you done any voluntary work or given voluntary help in the last four weeks?Average weekly hours1. Youth associations2. Sports associations3. Religious groups4. Political, business, occupational and trade-union groups5. Cooperation for development organisations6. Welfare, help for the elderly or first aid organisations7. Environmental organisations8. Human rights, justice and civil rights groups9. Citizen/neighbour associations10. Arts, recreational or folklore groups11. Education groups12. Other (please specify):
23b. Are you a member of any organisation, group or association of the kind mentioned in the previous question?A member is defined as a person paying a regular fee (weekly, monthly, annual) to the organisation, group or association to support its activities.
Specification or organisations, groups or associations for which you have done voluntary work.
1. Youth associationsChildren’s associations.Scouts.Free-time education centres.
2. Sports associationsSports clubsTeam supporter groups, peñas, bullfighting aficionado clubsExcursion centresAutomobile and motorist clubsHunting, fishing, mushroom-picking clubs
3. Religious groupsHelp in a place of worship (church, mosque, synagogue, etc.)Religious education (catechesis, etc.).
4. Political, business, professional and trade-union groupsPolitical parties and organisationsTrade unionsProfessional associationsBusiness organisations
5. Cooperation for development organisationsInternational aid, associations for solidarity with the Third and Fourth World
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Non-governmental organisations for cooperation for development6. Welfare organisations
Cancer aidSocial voluntary workSocial canteensInformation to the publicSupport for violence and maltreatment victimsCivil protectionEmergency and rescue servicesAssociations for the physically, mentally or sensorily disabledAssociations of ill persons and their familiesAid to immigrants
7. Environmental organisationsConservationist groupsGroups for the protection of animals and plants, environmentalist groupsLand protection
8. Human rights, justice and civil rights groupsAnti-militarist or pacifist associationsConsumer associationsWomen’s rights groupsHuman rights groups
9. Citizen/neighbour associationsNeighbourhood, homemaker, elderly people’s associationsCivic centresRegional associations and clubsCivil-political associations (Rotary Club, freemasonry, etc.)
10. Arts, recreational or folklore groupsCultural, popular or traditional culture associations Theatre and music groupsArt and photography associationsChoirs, dance groups, singing groupsFan clubsCollectors’ associationsCulinary societies
11. Education groupsAdult educationPupils’ parents’ associationsStudent and alumni associations
F. Cultural and leisure activities24. In the past four weeks, have you undertaken any of the following arts or leisure activities?Cultural and leisure activitiesHave you attended any arts or leisure activities?How many times in the last four weeks?
1. Cinema2. Theatre, ballet, classical dance3. Folklore performance4. Concerts (classical and modern music, opera, zarzuela)5. Bullfights6. Sport events (as a spectator)7. Other performances (circus, magic, etc.)
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8. Fairgrounds and theme parks9. Shopping malls (with no set purpose, as leisure)10.Excursions to the countryside, natural parks, the beach11.Cultural visits to historic and artistic heritage sites12.Museums, art exhibitions13.Fairs and shows (other than art exhibitions)14.Conferences, talks and forums of debate15.Library16.Tourism, travel17.Other (please specify):
G. Sport activities25. In the past four weeks, have you engaged in any of the following sports?Sport activitiesHave you done any sport?How many times in the last four weeks?
1. Walking, hiking (in the city or in the countryside)2. Running, jogging3. Cycling, mountain biking4. Skiing, snowboarding5. Mountaineering and climbing6. Team ball games (football, rugby, basketball, volleyball, handball, etc.)7. Tennis and similar games and fronton game (tennis, table tennis, badminton,
squash, paddle tennis, pelota, wall tennis, jai alai, etc.)8. Other games involving a ball, disc or puck (golf, hockey, bowls, petanca, etc.)9. Skating (roller-skating, ice-skating, etc.) 10.Gymnastics, aerobic, yoga, etc.11.Fitness, bodybuilding, weightlifting (and other activities involving gym equipment)12.Swimming13.Nautical sports14.Martial arts, boxing and wrestling15.Hunting or fishing16.Other (please specify):
H. Social life26. In the past four weeks, have you engaged in any of the following so-cial activities with relatives, friends or acquaintances?Social activitiesHave you engaged in any social activities?How many times in the last four weeks?
1. Paid or received visits (at home), including lunches, coffee, etc.2. Chatting, conversation, etc. (outside the home)3. Eating out (with friends or relatives)4. Getting together for a game of cards or other games5. Going to bars for aperitifs or drinks before lunch; meeting for coffee, beer, or wine;
bar or café socialising6. Festivals and celebrations7. Dancing (live band music, nightclubs, etc.)8. Nightclubbing, late-night bars, etc.9. Going for a walk (in company)10.Telephone conversations with friends and relatives11.Conventional correspondence (reading and writing letters) with friends and relat-
ives12.Electronic correspondence (reading and writing e-mails) with friends and relatives13.Visiting social clubs, peña clubs, retirement homes, etc.
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14.IT communications (chat-rooms, VoIP, videoconference)15.Other (please specify):
I. Education and training27. In the past four weeks, have you engaged in any kind of educa-tion or training?Yes No(Go to question 32)
28. What education or training have you followed in the past four weeks?If you took or are taking more than one type of education or training simultan-eously, refer to the type you consider most important.Primary EducationBasic education for adults (literacy, primary education)Social Guarantee programmesESO, adult secondary educationPost-compulsory secondary educationEscuela Oficial de Idiomas (public language school)Middle-grade vocational training and equivalentsUpper-grade vocational training and equivalentsDiplomatura (three-year degree), technical architecture or engineering or equival-ent (180 ECTS)Architecture, engineering, Licenciatura (four- or five-year degree) or equivalent (360 ECTS)Postgraduate, master’s degree, MIR (medical postgraduate) or similar educationDoctorateOther training:INEM (public employment office) course, workshop schools or other courses for jobseekersTraining sponsored by your employer (employed respondents only)Other courses not mentioned above:- Computing- Private language courses (NOT Escuela Oficial de Idiomas)- Driving school (towards a driving licence)- Preparation for competitive examinations (at a school or with a coach)- Other
29. Was the education or training full-time or part-time?Compulsory education is regarded as full-time. Any other education or training is treated as part-time if taken simultaneously with other activities or work.- Full-time- Part-time
30. What is the total duration of the education or training?- Under 1 week- From 1 week to less than a month- From 1 to less than 3 months- From 3 to less than 6 months - From 6 months to less than 1 year- From 1 year to less than 2- From 2 years to less than 4- 4 years and over- Undefined
31. What is the average of weekly hours you spend on this education or training?Also include the time you spend on personal study or homework.
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If the course is taught by correspondence, the average hours should also include time spent on tutorials and consultations with the teacher or trainer.Average weekly hours
32. What is the highest level of education you have attained?If you are still in education, indicate the highest level attained so far.- Cannot read or write- Can read and write (less than 5 years’ schooling)- At least 5 years’ schooling but studies not completed- Compulsory secondary education: Elementary bachiller, EGB or ESO, compulsory education certificate successfully completed- Non-compulsory secondary education: Higher bachiller, BUP, LOGSE bachiller, COU, PREU- Occupational training (FP I, FP mid-grade, Industrial Official Title) or equivalent- FP II, FP upper-grade, Industrial Master’s Title or equivalent- Diplomatura (three-year degree), Technical Architecture, Engineering or equival-ent (180 ECTS); 3 completed years of a Licenciatura (four- or five-year degree), Architecture or Engineering degree (or equivalent credit)- Architecture, Engineering, Licenciatura (four- or five-year degree) or equivalent (360 ECTS)- Doctorate
J. State of health33. What is your general state of health?- Very good- Good- Fair- Poor- Very poor
34. Do you suffer any chronic physical or mental illness or any chronic disability or problem?Yes No (Go to question 36)
35. Does this chronic physical or mental illness or chronic disability or problem impair your day-to-day activities?- Yes, severely- Yes, to an extent- No
K. Time useIf you are aged under 16, please go to question 39.36. How often do you feel rushed by your normal daily activities?- Very frequently- Sometimes- Almost never
37. Do you often find that you do not have enough time to perform all the daily activities you need to do?Yes No (Go to question 39)
38. On which activity would you like to spend more time, if possible?Please specify only one.
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L. General features39. What is your nationality?- Spanish- Spanish and other- Foreign
Place of birth:(Specify province or country)
40. What is your marital status?If you are separated only unofficially, state that you are married.- Married- Single- Widowed- Separated- Divorced
41. How long did it take you to complete the questionnaire?If you do not know the exact time spent, please indicate an approximate time.Hours Minutes
42. Who completed the questionnaire?- The interviewer- The person to whom this questionnaire refers- Another person (please specify):
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Time use diary 3
Identification
Province: _ _Section code: _ _ _ _ _ - _Municipality: _ _ _ _District – section: _ _ _ _ _Year/quarter/week: _ _ / _ / _ _
Dwelling sequence number: _ _Household sequence number: _Interviewer: _ _Respondent sequence number: _ _Name of person completing the diary:
Please fill out the diary on: day _ _ month _ _ year _ _New postponed date
Please fill out the diary on: day _ _ month _ _ year _ _
Please read these instructions firstThe activity diary is easy to fill in, but it will be even easier if you first read these instructions and look at the examples on the next two pages.
What were you doing?In the “What were you doing?” column we would like you to record your activities for every 10-minute period. The diary starts at 06.00 am and covers 24 hours. The examples on the following pages will give you an idea of the level of the detail we want.Don’t record more than one activity on each line. Do not write in shaded boxes.If you did more than one thing at the same time, please write the one you regard as the main activity. If you did one thing after another within a 10-minute inter-val, record the activity that took the most time. If you were doing something you feel is too private to record, please write “personal”.
INTERNET. Write the word “Internet” for activities in which you use the Internet.
PAID EMPLOYMENT. You don’t need to record what you were doing during work-ing time. However, please distinguish between first and second job, if any. If you work at home and use the Internet to send your work to your employer (‘telecommuting’), please state this clearly. Register what you do during breaks and lunch-breaks, e.g., “went for a run, went for a walk”. If you take work home, say so.
STUDIES. Distinguish between classes or lectures and home study. Note the type of study: primary school, university, study group, etc. If the studies are part of paid work, please say so.
TRAVEL. Record the mode of transport. Separate the travelling itself from the activity that is the reason for travelling; for example “Walked to the bus stop” - “Went by bus to shopping centre” - “Shopping” - “Caught bus home”.
HOUSE WORK AND CHILDCARE. Record what you were specifically doing; for example “Cooked supper”, “Washed the dishes”, “Heated milk”, “Fed the chil-
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dren”, “Baked a cake”, “Put children to bed”, “Mowed the lawn”, “Cleaned the car”, “Cleaned the dwelling”.
READING (except studies). Record what you read, e.g., “a newspaper”, “a novel”, “a magazine”, etc.
HELP TO OTHER HOUSEHOLDS. If the main activity was assistance of some kind - totally or in part - to somebody outside your own household then report this in the diary. For example, if you helped your friends repairing their house, record the activity as “Helped friends repairing their house”. Similarly, if you helped a friend, neighbour or relative by buying food for them, report on the help even if you bought food for your own household as well.
What else were you doing?If you were doing more than one thing at the same time, record the second activ-ity in the “What else were you doing” column. Do not write in shaded boxes. Suppose you were taking care of your child (main activity) and watching television at the same time, then record “watching television” as secondary activity. You de-cide which is the main and which is the secondary activity. Please remember to mark the duration of secondary activities, which might differ from the duration of the main activity.
Were you alone or with somebody you know?Please mark each line with an “x” to show if you were alone or with somebody you know while doing the main activity. Make this note on each line. You may put more than one “x” on each line. To be together does not necessarily mean that you actually do things together but rather that somebody else is on hand. You don’t have to answer this question for time spent at work or sleeping time.
ChecklistPlease do not forget to answer the questions on the back. Go through the checklist at the end of the diary to make sure you have filled in the relevant information adequately.
Please take this diary with you during the day and fill it in regularly
What were you doing?Record your main activity for each 10-minute interval from 06.00 to 09.00.Only one activity on each line.- Do not forget to include travel and means of transport.- Distinguish between your main and your second job, if any.
What else were you doing?Record the most important activity you were doing at the same time as the main activity.
Were you alone or with somebody you know?Mark the relevant box with an “x”.AloneWith children under 10 living in your household
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With other household membersWith other people that you know
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1. When did you fill in the diary?Now and during the diary dayAt the end of the diary dayThe day after the diary dayLater
2. Were you at home or somewhere else at the start of the diary day (0.600 am)?At homeSomewhere else
3. Were you at home or somewhere else at the end of the diary day (0.600 am)?At homeSomewhere else
4. Did you feel rushed today?YesNo
5. Was this an ordinary or an unusual day?UsualUnusual
6a. Are you employed or a student?YesNo
6b. What kind of day was this day?An ordinary workdayAn ordinary class day A weekend day or public holidayA sick leave dayA day off or holiday leaveAbsent for other reasons
7. Were you on a trip to another locality during the diary day?Disregard daily travel to work or place of study or trips of less than two hours in total.NoYes, on a one-day trip within the countryYes, on a one-day trip abroadYes, on an overnight trip within the countryYes, on an overnight trip abroad
If “yes”:How far from home did you travel? Note the approximate distance from home (one way). If you made several trips, note the longest.____km
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CHECKLISTPlease go through your diary again and check the following:
- Please check that you have noted only one main activity on each line and that there are no empty time periods.
- Have you marked your working time clearly, including work taken home outside normal working time?
- Have you recorded all travel and means of transport?- Have you marked the duration of simultaneous secondary activities, if any?- Please check that there is at least one “x” on each line in the “with whom” column,
except for time you spent at your workplace or school, in bed or in activities you have marked “private”.
- Please check that you have specified the word “Internet” for activities for which you use the Internet.
- Have you marked assistance to other households or people outside your house-hold? Remember this includes assistance to others also benefiting your household, e.g., picking up your neighbour’s child from school at the same time as you pick up your own child, or doing shopping for relatives at the same time as you shop for your own household.If you did not carry out any help activity this day, please mark this box:Did not carry out help activities for non-household persons on the diary day: _
MANY THANKS FOR YOUR HELP
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Weekly Working Time (employed persons only) 4
The seventh day of the weekly timetable must be the day assigned to filling out the daily timetable.
At what times, and for how long, did you work each day of the week? Indicate your working time by drawing a line through the applicable time period
(see example at the foot of the page). Include your second job, if any, and work taken home.
Do not include travel time or unpaid lunch breaks.
The aim of the Survey is to get an overall view of your working week. An employed person is defined as any of the following:
- a person in a paid job (paid in money or in kind) working for an employer;- a person working for his or her own account (entrepreneur, self-employed worker);- a person providing support for a family business.
Employed people (as defined above) who are temporarily absent from work for all or part of the week must note in the question before the example, below, that the working week was unusual due to temporary absence from work (option 2).
Day 1Day 2Day 3Day 4Day 5Day 6Day 7 (daily timetable to be filled in)
How would you classify this working week? 1. Usual2. Unusual due to temporary absence from work3. Unusual for other reasons
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