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Nano Koloid introduces a patented, novel manufacturing process of metallic non-ionic nano-particle colloids that have been scientifically proven to display a wide range of anti-microbial and anti-fungal properties. Our innovative and superior technology lays in its mono-crystaline nano-particles (nano flakes) that ensure optimal bio-activity, highest effectiveness, purity, and environment safety. From food and beverage, cosmetics, personal hygiene, sanitation, impregnation, military, and electronics to medicine and agriculture the list of nano-colloid applications is endless. Superior characteristics of nano-colloids:

Non-ionic, mono-crystaline form Prolonged effectiveness even after dryingChemically pure Hypo allergenicChemically stable Lowest light sensitivityHighest effectiveness at low concentrations Available in custom formulationsOptimal platelet shape of Nano-particles Unique Patented TechnologyMade in physical process not from chemicals

Among the most popular nano-colloids are: anti-microbial silver, anti-fungal copper, anti-inflamma-tory/rejuvenating gold, catalytic platinum, rhodium, palladium, their alloys and combina-tions. Each one of the metals has historically been known to possess beneficial properties. Modern sci-ence supports and wideness the use of metallic colloids. The superiority of nano-flakes lays in particle size 2-8 nm, a flat surface and several atoms thickness leading to a flake like crystal structure. Nano-Koloid eco-friendly technology improves the existing and opens the doors to new and more efficient applications of colloidal science. This is because the company manufactures uniquely shaped particles whose size, shape, chemical and physical properties deliver stunning and unmatched results.

TECHNICAL INFORMATIONTo understand why nanotechnology has such a wide application for instance in medicine, pharmacy, cos-metology, or agriculture, one ought to understand the structure and its characteristics that enable strong mono-crystals’ reactivity with often unfriendly microbes such as viruses, bacteria, or in some cases fungi. As an example this analysis will focus on Silver (Ag). TECHNICAL INFORMATION ABOUT NANO-FLAKES. The diameter of the particles varis from approximately 2 to 8 nm, with an aver-age value of 3.5 nm. Picture presents magnified crystalline metallic nano-particles (nano-crystal-lites) using TEM Transmission Electron Microsco-py. The silver platelets are so thin, that the graphite substrate membrane is “visible” through them. Vis-ibility of the rows of the crystalline structure can only be explained by the flat surface and visibility of the carbon substrate show the very thin nature of the particles(3-5 atomic layers).

TEM pictures of nano-flakes

CUBICAL STRUCTURE. Figure 1 shows the image of the crystal cell metallic silver. Dif-fraction X-ray studies show that silver crystals form regular, centered surface (English abbrevia-tion: FCC – face centered, cubic). In this case, the 8 atoms of silver are located in the corners of the cubes, and 6 on the walls. In crystallography this cube is called “ Elementary cell. “ Isolated cubes of elementary metal cell arenot encountered in nature.

When elementary cubes combine, they form nano-particle or crystallites that actually do exist in nature. Figure 2 shows two elementary cubes of silver combined with each other. These cubes share 5 of the outer-wall atoms and a total of 23 not 28 atoms.

Figure 1 Elementary cell

Figure 2 Combined two elementary cells

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THE LARGER THE CLUSTERS THE LOWER BIO-ACTIVITY LEVEL. Lastly, one needs to understand how important the nano-particle structure is as it relates to the level of activity of a given par-ticle. As more elementary cells combine with each other, due to their atom sharing on all the internal walls, the activity of particles is drastically reduced. Atoms locked inside these structures have no impact on the outer environment. The larger the mass the smaller is the biochemical activity level.

AT THE SURFACE OF NANO-STRUCTURES INCREASES BIOCHEMICAL ACTIV-ITY INCREASES. As the ratio of the crystal surface to its mass increases, the number of atoms on external walls increases and with it increases the biochemical potential of crystals.

PHYSICAL MANUFACTURING PROCESS SUPERIORITY. There are many nano colloids or powders available on the market. Powders do not have optimal shapes so their bio-activity level is lower as compared to Nano-Koloid nano flakes. As for chemically manufactured colloids multiple disadvantages and side effects exist that significantly reduce their quality, safety, and bio-activity. As an example, this article will examine chemical reduction of silver from a silver nitrate solution. Although this process can achieve small particles of metal, their surface is contaminated with reagents and cannot be washed off. A thin layer of reagents decreases bio-activity level of particles and poses threat of chemical contamination difficult to detect in nano-materials. Finally, in some colloids come from utilization of electrolysis. These products clearly have a lower surface to mass ratio and are chemically more active due to their ionic form that poses danger of poisoning.

PURITY OF NANO-FLAKE COLLOIDS. Nano-flake colloids are made with mint quality metals that are 99.999% pure. This means that only one millionth of a million part of mass may be contaminated. This results with our products being 100,000 times more pure than those coming from chemical processes. NANO-FLAKES OF ALLOYS. Nano-flakes come not only in their pure metal form but also as alloys which are difficult, if not impossible, to achieve in chemical or electrolytic processes. Colloidal alloys can provide customized protection against bacteria and fungi. NANO COLLOIDS IN VARIOUS CARRIERS. Most colloids are manufactured in water. This novel tech-nology allows colloids to be manufactured in a variety of liquid media such as: water, alcohols, oils, and organic solvents.

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SCIENCE BEHIND NANO-COLLOIDS. Nano-Koloid products and technology have been tested by multiple laboratories and scientific institutions such as: Institute of Physics PAS (structure), Department of Chemical Analytic Laboratory of Warsaw University, War-saw University of Technology (composition), the Potato Institute (efficiency), SGGW War-saw (impact on the economic development of the poultry), Ita-Test Laboratory test (safety, germicidal and dermatological tests).

HOW DOES NANO-SILVER WORK. GENERAL INFORMATION:Nano-Silver power lays in its unsurpassed ability to destroy bacteria and some fungi. Silver particles block bacteria’s ability to nourish and excrete waste products.

What differentiates silver from antibiotics is that :√ Microorganisms are not able to create the mechanisms of resistance against Nano-silver.√ Antibiotics are successful only on a small group of bacterium.√ Does not interact or interfere with other medications, chemicals, or ingredients.Silver colloid does not work as quickly as bleach or alcohol, but is still much more effective because it does not irritate the skin and lungs, works on a much wider spectrum of bacteria and is long lasting because it works even after it dries out. Illustrations of few bacteriological tests demonstrating antibacterial property of the water silver colloid (0.5PPM)

after treating samples of bacteria after 0 min, 15 min., and 3 hours: Entercoccus hirae ATCC 10541

Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538P

Pseudomonas aeuroginosa ATTC 15442

Escherichia coli ATCC 10536

Picture 2. Laboratory test bacteriological tests demon-strating antibacterial prop-erty of the water silver colloid (0.5PPM) after treating sam-ples of bacteria after 0 min, 15 min., and 3 hours.

Nano-Silver power lays in its unsurpassed ability to destroy bacteria and some fungi. Silver particles block bacteria’s ability to nourish and excrete waste products.

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APPLICATIONS: Nano-silver has an endless list of uses. The following graph broadly presents industries where nano-silver is being used in production of goods.

FOOD INDUSTRY: • Drinkingwaterbio-purification• Wineindustry-substitutesulfateswithnano-silverforhealthpurposes• Poultryandeggproduction-preventgrowthofdeadlybacteriasuchassalmonella• Vegetableprotection-preventprematurespoilage• Packaging-createintrinsicallysafefoodcontainersMEDICINE:• Woundcare-ingredientsorstandaloneproducts(bandages,bandaids,burnwoundprotection,ointments, ear drops, sore throat spray, ect.)• Gumdisease(toothpasteandmouthrinse)• Diseasepreventionespeciallyincaseofantibioticresistantstrainsofbacteria(E-coli,streptococcus,or Mersa, Staphylococus)BUILDING MATERIALS INDUSTRY:• Woodprotectionfrommoldandbacteria(impregnatingsolution)• Anti-bacterialpaintforhospitalsandmedicalfacilitiesPERSONAL HYGIENE: • footcare• acnesolutions• non-irritatingaftershave• intimatecareHOUSEHOLD AND MEDICAL SURFACE PROTECTION:• Additivetohouseholdandcarcleaners&disinfectants• AdditivetoprofessionalcleaningsubstancesAGRICULTURE:• Animaldiseasecontrol• ProtectionofplantsfrombacteriaIN

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COSMETICS INDUSTRY• Naturalprotectionofcosmeticsfromspoiling• Additivetodeodorants,footcareproducts,creams,lotions,salonandspaapplications

MILITARY: • Protectionfrombiologicalweapons• PersonalHygiene• Foodprotection• Woundcare• Waterbio-purification

ELECTRONICS: electrocondutive paints, coatings, and lubricantsCHEMICAL INDUSTRY: Platinum catalyst

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SILVER

COPPER

PLATINUMGOLD