module 03 tektonika

8/12/2019 Module 03 Tektonika

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MODULE O3 TEKTONIKA

GERAK DAN SIFAT

INTERAKSI LEMPENGLITOSFERIK


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PLATE TECTONIC

Earthquakes

volcanic activity,

mountain-building, and

oceanic trenchformation occur along

plate boundaries

(most notably around the Pacific Ring ofFire).
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earthquakehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volcanohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mountainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oceanic_trenchhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pacific_Ring_of_Firehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pacific_Ring_of_Firehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pacific_Ring_of_Firehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pacific_Ring_of_Firehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oceanic_trenchhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mountainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volcanohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earthquake


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PLATE TECTONIC
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Plates_tect2_en.svg


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PLATE TECTONIC

The lithosphere essentially "floats" on theasthenosphere and is broken-up into tenmajor plates: African, Antarctic, Australian,Eurasian, North American, South American,

Pacific, Cocos, Nazca, and the Indianplates.These plates (and the more numerous minorplates) move in relation to one another atone of three types of plate boundaries:convergent(or destructive, two plates push

against one another), divergent(orconstructive, two plates move away fromeach other), and transform(two plates slidepast one another).
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/African_Platehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antarctic_Platehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australian_Platehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eurasian_Platehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_American_Platehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_American_Platehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pacific_Platehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cocos_Platehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nazca_Platehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_Platehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Convergent_boundaryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Divergent_boundaryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transform_faulthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transform_faulthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Divergent_boundaryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Convergent_boundaryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_Platehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nazca_Platehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cocos_Platehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pacific_Platehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_American_Platehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_American_Platehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eurasian_Platehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australian_Platehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antarctic_Platehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/African_Plate


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PLATE TECTONIC

The division of the Earth's interior intolithosphericand asthenosphericcomponents isbased on their mechanicaldifferences. Thelithosphere is cooler and more rigid, whilst theasthenosphere is hotter and mechanically

weaker. This division should not be confusedwith the chemicalsubdivision of the Earth into(from innermost to outermost) core, mantle,and crust. The key principle of plate tectonicsis that the lithosphere exists as separate anddistinct tectonic plates, which "float" on thefluid-like asthenosphere. The relative fluidity ofthe asthenosphere allows the tectonic plates toundergo motion in different directions.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithospherehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asthenospherehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mechanicshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earthhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mantle_%28geology%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crust_%28geology%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tectonic_platehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tectonic_platehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crust_%28geology%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mantle_%28geology%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earthhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mechanicshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asthenospherehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithosphere


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Directions of Motion and Plate Velocities Determined by

Mantle Plume Hot Spot Tracks and Age-Dating of Rocks

Plate Tecton ics


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Direct ion s o f Motion and Plate Veloci t ies Determined by GPS

(Global Pos it ioning System ) Satell i tes

Plate Tecton ics

Directions of Motion and Plate Velocities Determined

by GPS (Global Positioning System) Satellites


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Earths Tectonic Plates

North American

South

American

Juan deFuca

Cocos

Pacific

Nazca

AntarcticAntarctic

Caribbean

Scotian

African

Eurasian

Arabian

IndoAustralian

Pacific

Philippine

NorthAmerican

Plate Tecton ics


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Plate Tecton ics

What drivesPlate Tectonics


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What dr ives p late mot ions Forces that drive plate

motion Slab-pull

Cold, dense slabs ofsubducted oceaniclithosphere pull the platetowards the subduction zone

Ridge-push

The higher elevation ofspreading centers result inoceanic lithosphere wantingto move downhill, awayfrom the ridge

Far less important thanslab-pull

Mantle drag and plateresistance

Can act to increase ordecrease plate motion


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Mantle convection provides

the primary drive for

plate tectonics


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What dr ives p late mot ions Models of plate-mantle

convection Any model must be consistent

with observed physical andchemical properties of themantle

Horizontal movement of

plates causes mantleupwelling

Models

Layering at 660 km

Explains why basaltserupted at mid-ocean

ridges are different (moreevolved, relatively shallowsource) compared to thoseerupted at hot-spots (moreprimitive, deeper source).

We know that subducting

slabs descend beneath 660km


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What dr ives p late mot ions Whole-mantle convection

Would mix the entire

mantle in the space of a

few hundred million

years, removing

heterogeneities


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What dr ives p late mot ions Deep-layer model

Lava lamp model

Two layers swell and

shrink in a complex

fashion in response to

heat from the Earths

interior


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Internal Heat

Plate Tecton ics


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Results in the formation of Oceanic Crust

Plate Tecton ics

Divergent Boundary


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Transform Boundary

Plate Tecton ics


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Results in the formation & growth of Continental Crust

and destruction of Oceanic Crust

Melting

ProducesMore

Felsic

Magma

Plate Tecton ics

Convergent Boundary: Subduction


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Arc-Trench systems 23


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Trench roll-back

T f t h t


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Types of arc-trench system


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BASIC PLATE TECTONICSRevised

Earths lithosphere is broken into 12-24 rigid

plates

Plates move about 1-10 cm/yr on the plasticAsthenosphere

Geology happens where the plates

interact with one another along Divergent,

Transform, Subduction and CollisionalBoundaries

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