NEOTECTONISM

NEOTECTONISMAlthough a casual observer might think that the crust of the Earth is permanent and fixed, a great deal of evidence, both direct and indirect, indicates that the crust is in continuous motion and that it has moved on vast scale throughout all of geologic time.How do we know that the Earths crust has been and continuous to be deformed?Direct evidence: earthquake, Indirect evidence: folds, joints, faults,

EARTHQUAKEEarthquakeA series of shock waves generated at a point (the focus) within the Earths crust or mantleThe point on the surface of the Earth above the focus is called the epicenterThree main types of wave motion are generated by an earthquake: P-Waves; S-Waves; dan L-Waves

3 m offset1906 San Francisco EarthquakeElastic Rebound TheoryEARTHQUAKE

1906 Olema, CARuptures

1964 AlaskaSurface displacement

in orchardStrike-slip faults

Offset Lettuce Rows - El Centro, CAStrike-slip fault

Gallatin County, MTFence compression

1971 San Fernando, CABuckled concrete

Morphology of oceanic basins