Wind Energy And Its Discovery

By : Amit Patil Vinay Gada

Contents

•Objective•History•Key challenges•VAWT and HAWT•VESTAS•SUZLON•Future Potential•Conclusion

Objective

• To study the evolution of wind energy• To explore the potential of wind energy• To get the current status of wind mill in India• To know the key challenges

Wind in the sails •The technique of using a sail to capture the wind and utilising its power for propulsion is, in principle, the same today as it was 6,000 years ago, when the first sailing vessels appeared.

•Sailing vessels are propelled by the differential forces created on each side of a sail when the wind blows across it. The under pressure on the rear side of the sail interacts with the overpressure on the front side to drive the vessel forwards.

Conquering the skiesIn the fifteenth century, the genius Leonardo da Vinci devoted much time and energy to studying the same field. Through a series of impressive sketches and complex wing designs, he attempted to copy the wing movements of the birds

Up and away in a balloon

It was actually a bubble of air that first helped man to break the hold of gravity and ascend into the clouds. The first passenger carrying balloon lifted off in 1783.

The ships of the airAlthough ballooning had been popular for a couple of centuries, even the most enthusiastic balloon pilots could become a little frustrated at having the wind decide the direction they were to follow. Henri Giffard took a good look at this problem, and in 1852 introduced the first airship in the world.

Wind becomes electricityThe word “windmill” makes it plain that wind power was used to mill grain. The word “mill” itself stems from the Latin word for a machine that grinds grain

Persian inventors drew inspiration for the windmill from looking at the water mill. They took the mill wheel as their starting point and attached 6–12 “sails” made of hide or reeds to an axle. They then attached a millstone to the other end of the axle and erected the mill on a hill, surrounding it with funnel-shaped walls to ensure that the wind was channelled towards the mill sails.

A mill to generate electricity

• In the winter of 1887–88, the visionary American inventor Charles F. Brush built the first windmill intended to generate electricity. It was erected in Cleveland, Ohio. This windmill was not just the first automatically operating mill that generated electricity – it was also of a truly impressive size for the time.

• The rotor had a diameter of 17 metres and featured 144 cedar rotor blades. • The mill was located in the garden behind the Brush family mansion, and,

via a dynamo, generated power for the 12 batteries that supplied current to no fewer than 350 incandescent lamps, two arc lamps and three motors.

• This giant windmill was a peculiarity of its age and remained in operation for 20 years

Source: http://www.wwindea.org/home/index.php

Key Challenges

• Optimal pricing of power generated from the renewable energy sources• Quality and consistency issue of renewable power arising from the

intermittent nature of electricity from wind and small hydropower,• The costs of technology development and production need to be reduced

significantly from current levels• Availability of financing especially project finance for Renewable• Creditworthiness of counterparties has posed challenges• Slow pace of rural electrification and pace of reforms in the rural

electricity sector

Vertical Axis Wind Generators (VAWT's)• Main rotor shaft in vertical direction.• Operates with wind from any direction.• Designed for low wind speed.• Operates at a low RPM.• Lower Vibration levels.

Horizontal Axis Wind Generator's (HAWT's) • Main rotor shaft in the horizontal direction.• Small generators are pointed into the wind by

a simple wind vane.• Requires a relatively high wind speed.• Operates at a high RPM.• Higher vibration levels.

About the company:• 1898 - Vestas founded by H.S. Hansen, a blacksmith, in the small

town of Lem, Denmark. He and his son, Peder Hansen, manufactured steel windows for industrial buildings.

• 1945 - Peder Hansen established the company Vestas. The new company, which initially made household appliances, started to produce agricultural equipment.

• 1970s - During the second oil crisis, Vestas began to examine the potential of the wind turbine as an alternative source of clean energy.

• 2007 - To strengthen our market leading position and to stress the fact that wind is an energy source on par with oil and gas, Vestas launched the new strategy: No. 1 in Modern Energy. At that time, Vestas had installed more than 33,500 wind turbines in 63 countries and on 5 continents. 

• 2010 - WIND. IT MEANS THE WORLD TO US. A world that, if we have our way, will be powered by far, far more than the predicted 10% of electricity by wind by 2020

Wind, the energy that will always be with us

• Wind is an unlimited resource• Wind power can compete with fossil energy sources when comparisons are

made on equal terms• Wind power enhances energy independence• Wind power makes it possible to establish a large number of MW in a relatively

short time• Wind power is a CO2- neutral form of energy and is proactive in reducing

greenhouse gas emissions• Recession or inflation or any issue will not affect the price rate of wind energy

* Source: The International Energy Agency (IEA), “World Energy Outlook 2010,” Paris, 2010

What makes VESTAS World Leader?

The Customer Loyalty survey program• Since January 2007 Vestas has once a year conducted a global

Customer Loyalty Survey to engage in an active dialogue with customers and to ensure that Vestas continuous to measure and improve in serving the needs of the customers

In addition the study revealed a number of interesting findings:•The customers validated that Vestas’ value proposition is in fact the most value creating for customers•Customers in the service phase have grown much more satisfied compared to previous years

GROUNDBREAKING DESIGN AND EASY MAINTENANCE“Vestas V90 3MW”

3x44 meters of cutting edge:

The V90-3.0 MW features revolutionary blades that are made from carbon fibre and other lightweight materials. Even though these blades sweep a 27% greater area than V80 blades, their weight is virtually the same. What’s more, the shape of the blades has been refined to deliver the greatest possible output while minimising the load on the turbine.The shape also makes these blades less sensitive to dirt, providing better performance at sites affected by salt, insects or other particles in the air.

Innovative solutions for lubrication:The V90-3.0 MW offers a number of features that boost reliability and serviceability, including innovative solutions for lubricating key components such as the blade-bearing system and the yaw system

Suzlon

About the company:

During early nineties a Gujarati businessman named Mr. Tulsi Tanti running his textile business had been facing a frequent problem of the infrequent supply of electricity. It was hitting his business hard, so he decided to setup two wind turbine generators at his site to cater to the energy demands. The following vision of Suzlon makes it leading company in wind energy sector

• To be the technology leader in the wind energy industry.• To be among the top three wind energy companies in every market that we

are present in.• To be the most respected brand and preferred company for all stakeholders.• To be the best team and best workplace.• To be the fastest growing and most profitable company in the sector.

By the end of 2011, Suzlon:

• Supplied over 17,945 MW across the world• Was ranked the 5th leading wind power equipment*manufacturer• Earned a global market share of 8%**• Suzlon installed over 6706 MW of wind turbine capacity,acquired over

44% (as of 31 March 2011) market share (YOY) and has reigned as the market leader consecutively for the last 13 consecutive years.

*combined (Suzlon + REpower)

Source:-MAKE Consulting

Some Achievements Of Suzlon

• When Sudwind went bankrupt in 1997, Suzlon took it over – Global Market.

• A Blow-out Strategy: By 2005, Suzlon Energy to capture Indian market (600 KW, 1,000 KW and 1.25 MW capacity – Pan Cakes)

• Suzlon acquired a stake in REpower in May 2007; and in 2009 Suzlon raised its stake in REpower to over 90% and became the majority stakeholder.

• 2010-11: Suzlon launches a powerful environmental awareness campaign in Mumbai titled Pure Air Lovers' Society, (P.A.L.S.)

Latest Innovations

 A 5,000W turbine installed in a 15-floor building can power all passage lights every day for 12 hours. The technology is cheaper than that of solar energy. Breson turbines cost Rs1.5-3 lakh, whereas solar panels of 5,000W capacity would cost about Rs16 lakh, according to Bupesh Sharma.

Roof-Top Design

Wind to Hydrogen Project

NREL, in partnership with Xcel Energy, launched a wind-to-hydrogen (Wind2H2) demonstration project at the National Wind Technology Center in Boulder, Colorado. The Wind2H2 project links wind turbines to electrolyzers, which pass the wind-generated electricity through water to split it into hydrogen and oxygen. The hydrogen can then be stored and used later to generate electricity from an internal combustion engine or a fuel cell.

Project Benefits

The Wind2H2 project allows researchers to explore how to make hydrogen without producing greenhouse gases or other harmful byproducts.

Our Design

Future Potential

• The total potential for wind power in India was first estimated by the Centre for Wind Energy Technology at 45 GW, and was recently increased to 48.5 GW. This figure was also adopted by the government as the official estimate.

• At heights of 55-65 meters, the Indian Wind Turbine Manufacturers Association (IWTMA) estimates that the potential for wind development in India is around 65-70 GW.

• The World Institute for Sustainable Energy (WISE) estimates that with larger turbines, greater land availability and expanded resource exploration, the potential could be as high as 100 GW.

• A 100 GW potential for wind energy significantly widens the attractiveness of the Indian wind energy segment, given that the total installed capacity for electricity in India is about 160 GW. 

Conclusion

The questions that fossil fuels can’t answer

The world’s energy consumption is expected to increase at least 36% from 2008 to 2035*. Nobody can say for certain how long the finite fossil fuel resources will last, but it’s abundantly clear that in the very near future we’re all going to become dependent on energy from sustainable sources such as biofuels, the sun, and hydrogen. And, the most promising of all renewable - the power of the wind.

References: • www.eai.in • www.vestas.com • www.mnre.gov.in• www.suzlon.com• www.nrel.gov