MODELS OF COMMUNICATION

Prepared and Presented by:Dhanalakshmi P P

Models of communication refers to the conceptual model used to explain the human communication process.

These models help us to visualize the process of communication more clearly.

The basic purpose of a model is to capture the essential features of a real situation simplified form so that it can be described, explained and understood more easily.

MODELS OF COMMUNICATION

LASSWELL’S MODEL

SHANNON AND WEAVER MODEL

WHITE’S MODEL

ARISTOTLE’S MODEL

BERLO’S SMCR MODEL

SCHRAMM’S MODEL

ARISTOTLE’S MODEL

SPEAKER SPEECH

AUDIENCE

EFFECTS

Aristotle, a great philosopher initiated the earliest mass communication model called “Aristotle’s Model of Communication”

He proposed this model before 300 B.C, who found the importance of audience role in communication chain in his communication model.

More focus on public speaking than interpersonal communication.

LASSWELL’S MODEL

Who?

Communicator

Says what?

Message

In which Channel?

Medium

To whom?

Recipient

With What Effect?

Effect

LASSWELL’S MODELHarold Lasswell, worked on

Aristotle's verbal model & concluded with a slightly more elaborated model.

In this model, ‘Who’ refers to the communicator who formulates the message.

‘What’ is the content of the message.

‘Channel’ indicates the medium of transmission.

‘Whom’ describes either an individual recipient or the audience of mass communication.

‘Effect’ is the outcome of the message.

Communication is a one-way process in which the communicator influences others through the content of the message.

According to Lasswell, there are three functions for communication:

a) Surveillance of the environment. b) Correlation of components of society.

c) Cultural transmission b/w generations.

Advantages of Lasswell Model : a) It is easy and simple.

b) It suits for almost all types of communication.

Disadvantages of Lasswell Model : a) Feedback and noise are not

mentioned. b) Model is linear.

BERLO’S SMCR MODEL

Attitudes

Knowledge

Social System

Culture

Communication skill Seeing

Hearing

Touching

Smelling

Tasting

Communication skill

Attitudes

Knowledge

Social System

Culture

S (Source) M (Message)

C(Channel)

R(Receiver)

Elements StructureTreatm

en

t

Treatm

en

t

Con

ten

t

Cod

e

One of the most widely used communication model is Berol's SMCR model.

All concepts SMCR are interrelated and should not be misunderstood as operating in isolation,

eg : The word ‘Source’ & ‘Receiver’ suggest as if one person act as a source when other act as receiver.

In fact, everyone act as both , usually simultaneously.

SHANNON AND WEAVER MODEL

Source Transmitter(Encoder) Channel Receiver

(Decoder) Destination

Message Signal

Noise present in channel

Signal Message

Based on information Theory.Information Theory is a Mechanical approach of

communication.No matter what is communicated, but interest is

on how clearly and accurately the information is communicated.

SCHRAMM’S MODELMessage

Message

EncoderInterpreter

Decoder

DecoderInterpreter

Encoder

Schramm was one of the first researcher modifying the technology & mathematical communication model.

Schramm’s Interactive model also known as Osgood and Schramm Circular Model, emphasizes the dualistic aspect of communication.

According to Schramm,“It is misleading to think of the communication process as starting somewhere and ending somewhere. It is really Endless.”

WHITE’S MODELSymbolizing

2

Decoding6

Thinking1

Monitoring8

Feed backing7

Expressing 3

Transmitting 4

Receiving 5

Eugene White focuses on the eight oral communication which are :

a) Thinking b) Symbolizing c) Expressing d) Transmitting e) Receiving f) Decoding g) Feed Backing h) Monitoring

ANY QUESTIONS????

THANK YOU..