Mobilizing Disaster Content:

Pre-ICIS SIG DSS Workshop

Montreal, Dec. 9, 2007

Albert Simard

From Source to Use

Content Value Chain

“Flow of content through sequential stages, each of which changes its form and increases its usefulness and value.” (NRCan, 2006)

Objects Data Information Knowledge Wisdom

Measurement Analysis Synthesis Experience

Content Flow - Source to Use

Environment Disaster Occurrence Organization Economy Society

Decision-Support Models

Outputs Outcomes

Actions

Environment

Events

KnowledgeOrganization

Economy

Society

Decision Making

Mobilizing Transforming

Inputs

Availability Reliability Timeliness

Channels Networks Markets

Information System

Outline

• Environmental Monitoring

• Decision Support

• Integrated Systems

• Transactional Markets

• Sequential Markets

Monitoring - Inputs

• Availability• Reliability• Timeliness

Trump• Accuracy• Completeness• Relevance

Fire Behavior Prediction ( FBP ) System

Outputs

GISProducts

Reports & Statistics

Rate of SpreadFuel Consumption

Fire IntensityType of Fire

Crown Fraction Burned

Fire LoadArea Burned

Fire Size ClassesFuel ConsumptionGreenhouse Gases

Monitoring - Transformation

Foliar Moisture Content

Fuels Weather Topography Remote SensingFire Masks

InputsFBP SystemFuel Type

Fuel moistureWind Speed & Direction

Slope & Aspect

Elevation, Latitude, Longitude & Date

Hot Spot Location,Time & Date

Monitoring - Outputs

Monitoring - Use

• Relative indicators

• Must be interpreted

Risk awareness

Preparedness levels

Permits & restrictions

Decision Support - Planning

+ Suppression models

• Time to escape

• Control effectiveness

Response planning

Resource deployment

Decision Support - Regulation

Florida Division of Forestry Smoke Dispersion Prediction

+ Specific event

• Prescribed fire

• Land owner calls

• District fills form

• Smoke dispersion

Outputs: go/no-go

3 Minutes

Decision Support - Response

+ Wildfire• Initial attack• Suppression time Attack strength Resource type Prioritize fires

Integration – National Mosaic

CANADA CENTRE FOR REMOTE SENSINGCANADA CENTRE FOR REMOTE SENSINGApplications DivisionApplications Division

CANADIAN FOREST SERVICECANADIAN FOREST SERVICEFire Research NetworkFire Research Network

Fire M3 Internet Products,

May 5, 1999

+ AVHRR images

• Daily, low resolution• National mosaic• Identify “hot spots”• Geocorrect points• Plot on GIS map National situation Drill-down capability

Integration - Mapping

Canada Centre for Remote SensingCanada Centre for Remote Sensing

+ Landsat images

• Periodic, high resolution

• Less costly

Unburned islands

Daily advance

Behavior by fuel type

Integration – Smoke Dispersion

+ Smoke detection

Production & dispersion

Community evacuation

Greenhouse gasses

National carbon budget

Integration – Fire Load

Source: Canadian Forest ServiceSource: Canadian Forest Service

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Daily Fire Load Statistics(Canada: May 27 - June 30 1995)

• Counting hot spots = Area with large fire Amount of work & resources needed National mobilization

Transactional Market

Supply (Providers)

Demand (Users)

Providers and users connect through a virtual marketplace facilitated by brokers

•National disaster portals

•Global Disaster Information Network

Market - Attributes

• Autonomous - providers and users

• Diversity - mandates, jurisdictions, roles

• Legal - accountability, responsibility, liability

• Certification - inclusion, authenticity, reliability

• Quality - completeness, timeliness, accuracy

• Infrastructure - standards, networks, systems

Market Mechanisms

• Price – reciprocity, repute, altruism

• Trust – visible, ubiquitous, top-down

• Signals – position, education, networks

• Inefficiencies – incomplete information, asymmetry, localness

• Pathologies – monopolies, artificial scarcity, trade barriers

Adapted from Davenport (1998)

Market Services

• Facilitate search and retrieval

• Help adapt content to user needs

• Maintain content repositories

• Provide infrastructure for exchange

• Increase awareness of content availability

• Assist with content dissemination

National Fire Portal

• General information

• Explanations & FAQs

• National content

• Agency content

• Used by:

– Individuals

– Media

– Practitioners

– Researchers

Sequential Market - Value Chain

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.

Use Professionally

Use Personally

Use Internally

Generate

Transform

Add Value

Transfer

Evaluate

Manage

Extract

Advance

Embed

Legend Organization Sector / Society

Sequential Market

(Performance / Supply)

(Market / Demand)

6. Add Value

7. Use Professionally

8. Use Personally

Evaluate

Natural Resources

Forestry

Metals & Minerals

Earth Sciences

Energy

1. Generate

2. Transform

3. Enable

4. Use Internally

5. Transfer

Organization

A Tale of Two Cities

5 cases

44 deaths 350 cases

Vancouver BC

Toronto ONIn

form

atio

n

Serv

ices

Conclusions

• Mobilizing disaster content from source to use involves the environment, events, organizations, knowledge, the economy, and society

• Information systems must acquire, transfer and process reliable and timely content through diverse channels, networks, and markets.

• Decision support systems depend on how well:– Process models represent situations– Management models relate to actions– Socioeconomic models are relevant to outcomes