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Mobilizing Disaster Content:
Pre-ICIS SIG DSS Workshop
Montreal, Dec. 9, 2007
Albert Simard
From Source to Use
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Content Value Chain
“Flow of content through sequential stages, each of which changes its form and increases its usefulness and value.” (NRCan, 2006)
Objects Data Information Knowledge Wisdom
Measurement Analysis Synthesis Experience
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Content Flow - Source to Use
Environment Disaster Occurrence Organization Economy Society
Decision-Support Models
Outputs Outcomes
Actions
Environment
Events
KnowledgeOrganization
Economy
Society
Decision Making
Mobilizing Transforming
Inputs
Availability Reliability Timeliness
Channels Networks Markets
Information System
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Outline
• Environmental Monitoring
• Decision Support
• Integrated Systems
• Transactional Markets
• Sequential Markets
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Monitoring - Inputs
• Availability• Reliability• Timeliness
Trump• Accuracy• Completeness• Relevance
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Fire Behavior Prediction ( FBP ) System
Outputs
GISProducts
Reports & Statistics
Rate of SpreadFuel Consumption
Fire IntensityType of Fire
Crown Fraction Burned
Fire LoadArea Burned
Fire Size ClassesFuel ConsumptionGreenhouse Gases
Monitoring - Transformation
Foliar Moisture Content
Fuels Weather Topography Remote SensingFire Masks
InputsFBP SystemFuel Type
Fuel moistureWind Speed & Direction
Slope & Aspect
Elevation, Latitude, Longitude & Date
Hot Spot Location,Time & Date
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Monitoring - Outputs
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Monitoring - Use
• Relative indicators
• Must be interpreted
Risk awareness
Preparedness levels
Permits & restrictions
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Decision Support - Planning
+ Suppression models
• Time to escape
• Control effectiveness
Response planning
Resource deployment
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Decision Support - Regulation
Florida Division of Forestry Smoke Dispersion Prediction
+ Specific event
• Prescribed fire
• Land owner calls
• District fills form
• Smoke dispersion
Outputs: go/no-go
3 Minutes
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Decision Support - Response
+ Wildfire• Initial attack• Suppression time Attack strength Resource type Prioritize fires
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Integration – National Mosaic
CANADA CENTRE FOR REMOTE SENSINGCANADA CENTRE FOR REMOTE SENSINGApplications DivisionApplications Division
CANADIAN FOREST SERVICECANADIAN FOREST SERVICEFire Research NetworkFire Research Network
Fire M3 Internet Products,
May 5, 1999
+ AVHRR images
• Daily, low resolution• National mosaic• Identify “hot spots”• Geocorrect points• Plot on GIS map National situation Drill-down capability
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Integration - Mapping
Canada Centre for Remote SensingCanada Centre for Remote Sensing
+ Landsat images
• Periodic, high resolution
• Less costly
Unburned islands
Daily advance
Behavior by fuel type
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Integration – Smoke Dispersion
+ Smoke detection
Production & dispersion
Community evacuation
Greenhouse gasses
National carbon budget
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Integration – Fire Load
Source: Canadian Forest ServiceSource: Canadian Forest Service
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
Nu
mb
er o
f H
ot
Sp
ots
27-M
ay
29-M
ay
31-M
ay
2-Ju
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4-Ju
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6-Ju
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8-Ju
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10-J
un
12-J
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14-J
un
16-J
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18-J
un
20-J
un
22-J
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24-J
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26-J
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28-J
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30-J
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Date
Daily Fire Load Statistics(Canada: May 27 - June 30 1995)
• Counting hot spots = Area with large fire Amount of work & resources needed National mobilization
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Transactional Market
Supply (Providers)
Demand (Users)
Providers and users connect through a virtual marketplace facilitated by brokers
•National disaster portals
•Global Disaster Information Network
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Market - Attributes
• Autonomous - providers and users
• Diversity - mandates, jurisdictions, roles
• Legal - accountability, responsibility, liability
• Certification - inclusion, authenticity, reliability
• Quality - completeness, timeliness, accuracy
• Infrastructure - standards, networks, systems
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Market Mechanisms
• Price – reciprocity, repute, altruism
• Trust – visible, ubiquitous, top-down
• Signals – position, education, networks
• Inefficiencies – incomplete information, asymmetry, localness
• Pathologies – monopolies, artificial scarcity, trade barriers
Adapted from Davenport (1998)
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Market Services
• Facilitate search and retrieval
• Help adapt content to user needs
• Maintain content repositories
• Provide infrastructure for exchange
• Increase awareness of content availability
• Assist with content dissemination
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National Fire Portal
• General information
• Explanations & FAQs
• National content
• Agency content
• Used by:
– Individuals
– Media
– Practitioners
– Researchers
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Sequential Market - Value Chain
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.
Use Professionally
Use Personally
Use Internally
Generate
Transform
Add Value
Transfer
Evaluate
Manage
Extract
Advance
Embed
Legend Organization Sector / Society
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Sequential Market
(Performance / Supply)
(Market / Demand)
6. Add Value
7. Use Professionally
8. Use Personally
Evaluate
Natural Resources
Forestry
Metals & Minerals
Earth Sciences
Energy
1. Generate
2. Transform
3. Enable
4. Use Internally
5. Transfer
Organization
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A Tale of Two Cities
5 cases
44 deaths 350 cases
Vancouver BC
Toronto ONIn
form
atio
n
Serv
ices
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Conclusions
• Mobilizing disaster content from source to use involves the environment, events, organizations, knowledge, the economy, and society
• Information systems must acquire, transfer and process reliable and timely content through diverse channels, networks, and markets.
• Decision support systems depend on how well:– Process models represent situations– Management models relate to actions– Socioeconomic models are relevant to outcomes