Vol 21. No. 63 Saturday, 4th of October, 2014 Pages 8, Price 1.50 NFA

The 5th Eritrean Mining Confer-ence held at Asmara Palace Hotel here in the capital concluded on the 2nd of October 2014. It is to be recalled that the Mining Confer-ence opened in the capital under the theme “Mining Excellence for Driving Economic Growth” on the 1st of October 2014.

Speaking at the opening of the Conference in which Government officials, representatives of various countries, mining companies and social service-rendering institutions took part, Gen. Sebhat Ephrem, Minister of Energy and Mines, pointed out that Eritrea possesses rich mineral resources and that the undertaking of research activities towards harnessing the available resources is imperative.

The Minister further indicated that sufficient information has been secured since the holding of min-ing conferences in Asmara in 2010 pertaining to industrial mining, and that endeavors are being made to harness such resource. In this re-gard, he stated that the necessary regulations have been put in place that has secured confidence on the part of foreign companies.

He went on to explain that about

The Minister of Education, Mr. Semere Russom, has called for popular participation in efforts to reinforce progress in education.

He made the call at the closing session of the Conference on Edu-cation for All conducted in Keren City. The Minister pointed out that the conference conducted in-depth deliberations on ways and means of creating shared understanding pertaining to the current status of education worldwide and coping with the challenges in the domain.

Mr. Semere went on to outline the scope of activities being pur-sued towards upgrading the stan-dard of education in the country and expanding educational oppor-tunities including combating illit-eracy.

The participants of the confer-ence on their part put forth views

Eritrean nationals living in Ku-wait have reiterated readiness to back up development endeavors in the Homeland.

They made the pledge during a meeting with Mr. Mohammed Omar Mahmoud, the Eritrean Am-bassador to Saudi Arabia.

The village health workers scheme in Hagaz sub-zone is registering com-mendable outcome as regards control of communicable diseases in general and malaria infection in particular. This was disclosed at an assessment meeting concerning the domain.

Mr. Gebremeskel Gebrehiwet, head of the Health Ministry’s branch in the sub-zone, noted the signifi-cance of active role of village health workers towards promoting commu-nity wellbeing.

Mr. Kiros Sereke, head of malaria prevention in the Health Ministry’s branch in Anseba region, indicated

5th EritrEan Mining ConfErEnCE ConCludEs 60% of Eritrean territory contains mineral resources, and that the necessary conducive ground pre-vails in the country, coupled with a corruption-free leadership and via-ble infrastructure facilities, among others, thus ensuring the requisite factors for expanding industrial plants. Gen. Sebhat also indicat-ed that there are plans to launch 4-dimensional mining projects in 2017.

Representatives of 50 mining companies took part in the confer-ence.

Speaking at the closing ceremo-ny, Mr. Mebrahtu Ogbazghi, Direc-tor of mineral resources manage-ment in the Ministry of Energy and Mines, underlined the significance of the conference in exchanging experience among the countries and companies that undertake min-ing activities in Eritrea, in addition to witnessing the prevailing condu-cive ground in the country thereof. The conference also afforded the participants the opportunity of personally observing the existing resources and investment opportu-nities in Eritrea, he added.

Mr. Alasadair Smith, who in-volved himself in mining activities

here, stated that Eritrea occupies a special status in the “Arabian-Nu-bian Shield” zone as regards min-ing activities.

The participants of the two-day conference are presently conduct-ing a tour of various sites in the country where studies and explora-tion of mining are undertaking.

towards reinforcing the educa-tional sector in general and the re-alization of the “Education for All” objectives in particular.

It is to be recalled that the Na-tional Conference on Education for All opened in Keren city on the 2nd of October 2014. Regional Admin-istrators and Managing directors, PFDJ and national associations’ heads, as well as branch heads of the Education Ministry and teach-ers are participating in the confer-ence.

Speaking at the opening session, Mr. Semere Russom, Minister of Education, explained that the na-tion has registered satisfactory ac-complishment over the past two years regarding the implementation of programs mapped out to pro-mote Education for All. He point-ed out that the current conference

is aimed at assessing the tasks ac-complished in the realization of the “Education for All” motto over the past ten years on the part of various countries. The Minister noted that Eritrea has registered encourag-ing achievements to that end since independence. In this regard, Mr. Semere said that the construction of schools, higher student partici-pation, professional competence of teachers and providing modern teaching facilities are among the programs put into effect.

Also speaking on the occasion, the Administrator of Anseba re-gion, Mr. Ali Mahmud, stated that the conference is expected to map out the necessary strategy to en-hance the accomplishments reg-istered nationwide to-date to pro-mote educational opportunities for all citizens.

MinistEr Calls for popular partiCipation in Efforts to rEinforCE progrEss in EduCation

At a seminar he conducted for Eritrean citizens living in Kuwait, Mr. Mohammed Omar Mahmoud explained that all Eritreans bear the responsibility of exerting un-reserved efforts to strengthen the nation-building process, as well as ensure its sovereignty.

EritrEan nationals in Kuwait rEit-EratE rEadinEss to baCK up dEvEl-

opMEnt EndEavors in thE hoMEland

on his part that malaria infection has shown visible decline thanks to the promotional activities by village health workers. In this connection, infection in the region has been re-duced by 98% compared to the pre-vious year, he added.

In closing remarks, Dr. Kesete-birhan Solomon, head of the Health Ministry’s branch in the region, explained that the endeavors being made with a view to ensuring com-munity health are registering encour-aging outcome through higher com-munal and health workers participa-tion.

hagaz sub-zonE rEgistEring CoMMEndablE outCoME in

CoMMunity hEalth wEllbEing

2Eritrea Profile, Saturday 4th of October , 2014

Published Every Saturday & WednesdayManaging Director Azzazi Zeremariam

Acting EditorAmanuel Mesfun

Amamuel @zena.gov.er

P.O.Box: 247Tel: 11-41-14Fax: 12-77-49

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Kesete Ghebrehiwet

Experts in mining industry, work-ers of the Ministry of Mines and Energy, exerts of environmental protection, representatives of dif-ferent mining companies that have been operating in Eritrea and guests of honor flocked to Asmara Palace so as to attend Asmara Mining con-ference. The 5th conference, like preceding mining conferences have become a platform where geologist, exploration experts, and generally different parties that carry out mine related activities share timely expe-riences.

Asmara Mining continued to open a venue for discussion be-tween Government officials and mining companies. Experiences of different mining companies in dif-ferent geographical areas have also been shared in such a conference. The mining conference also gives

a chance to every participant raise

ideas for discussion following de-tailed presentations by experts in the mining industry.

Thus the 5th Asmara Conference has been open starting from 1 Oc-tober 2014. General Sbhat Efrem, Minister of Mines and Energy opened the conference saying: “The synergic and cordial partnership between the Ministry and mining companies’ steaming out of mutual respect and recognition has been one strong element of the compara-tive advantage of the mining indus-try in Eritrea.”

Gen. Sbhat further said “Given its unique process of national forma-tion, its excellent strategic location, its disciplined human resources, cor-ruption free institutions, sound mac-roeconomic policy, judicious and far looking mining law, and exceptional national cohesion and stability, Eri-trea is in far more advantageous po-sition to deal with the transition to-

wards a progressive integration into the globalized economy.”

It is the stable mining jurisdiction that different mining companies time and again cited as a primary factor which enables them to effec-tively operate in Eritrea.

Different mining companies have given an update about their respec-tive undertakings. According to Mr. Paul Donaldson, Managing Director, South Boulder Mines, the prefeasibility study of Culluli Pot-ash is due to be completed in early 2015 with the final Definite feasibil-ity study completed in the second half of 2015.

Mr. Paul also gave briefings about unique advantages of Cul-luli mine deposit over other potash mines across the globe. “Shallow-est mineralization, proximity to the cost which is only about 75 km from the site, uninterrupted supply of water from the Red Sea, all solid salt contents that are suitable for the production of potash fertilizers con-stitutes Culluli to be an outstanding emerging high grade potash mine at a global level.” Mr. Paul said.

An update about Asmara mine Project which covers mine depos-

its in Dubarwa, Adi-Nifas, Gubbo, and Embadorho that have been ex-plored by Sunridge Gold Corp has also given a clear insight about the actual undertakings that are under-way. Hence, Mr. Amanuel Arefaine and Scot Anse, highlighted about

the developments in the aforemen-tioned sites.

According to Mr. Amanuel, Sun-ridge has completed definite feasi-bility study in May 2013 and signed a shareholders agreement with ENAMCO in January 2014. A cen-tralized mine plant for the four mine sites would be established in Em-baderho- a mine site with a greater potential of deposit.

A paper presented by Mr. Amanu-el, from Sunridge Corp, shows that the mine life of Asmara project is ex-pected to be 16 years which is to be carried out sticking to a phased ap-proach. Sunridge is looking ahead to kick off actual operation by 2015.

Despite different exploration ac-tivities were conducted in Dubarwa, it is Sunridge which proved to be a standalone mine. What the par-ticipants could learn from the pre-sentation by Mr. Amauel is that, the potential deposit at any given site could vary depending on the exploration methods employed by respective companies. It is through applying a wise technique that Sun-ridge concludes Dubarwa to be a standalone mine, According to Mr. Amanuel.

It is indeed need less to mention that different mining companies are carrying out mining activities

in Eritrea among which being Zara Mining Share Company which is gold focused mining company in the country. Briefings by Mr. Mike Kelly, General Manager, Zara Mining Share Company, also show that mine Construction Project is well underway which was officially commenced on 25th September 2013.

What Mr. Mike highlighted is that Zara mining share company has three exploration licenses within 25km of mine infrastructure. The company plans to drill over 10,000 m each year for a period that ex-tended for 5 Years and thereby to In-crease life of mine to over 10 Years.

Zara Mining Share Company has already targeted its first gold pour to be in the third quarter of 2015 with an average gold production of 100,000 oz per annum. Koka mine site which is the property of Zara Mining Share Company has already been constructed.

The 5th Asmara Mining company has indeed become a venue where different institutions and the mining companies sit and discuss under the same roof. Different mining companies that have been operating in Eritrea have been working in collaboration with different national institutions and corporations.

The involvement of different local institutions and companies in the activities being carried out by Zara Mining Share Company such as: National Insurance Corporation of Eritrea, Red Sea Trading Corporation, Transhorn a, Eritrean Petroleum Corporation, Segen Construction Company, Eriequip, Eritrean Core Well Drilling, and Government Garage is citied as a good example which opens a gate for cooperation between local suppliers and different mining companies.

Mr. Nahom Tesfay, PhD

Asmara Mining Conference: An Update About Mining Undertakings

continued on page 4

Reportage

3Eritrea Profile, Saturday 4th of October , 2014

Dear readers ‘On the Table’ always welcomes your outlooks on any of the issues raised on this column. Please mail us your comments opinions and views; we will entertain them.

On the Table: http://www.profile.gov.er Daniel Semre - danisemere@gmail.com Solomon Mengsteab sollion8555@gmail.com

Some say relationships are better initiated by men and many others disagree claiming relationships initiated by women are as good. Todays ‘On the Table’ shall glance up on the issue from these two different perspectives.

Initiating Relationships

Solomon Mengsteab

They call it love at first sight, the realiza-tion of falling with someone helplessly in love when you see them for the first time. You might know that feeling; heart racing pounding as though it was about to burst out of the rib cage. Palms get sweaty, jaws refuse

to close, legs get weak and all of the sudden you got anxiety, as though you are having a heart attack episode. You have like a thou-sand things you want to say to that person and at the same time you don’t exactly know what you want to say. Your mouth is dry and your words are choking you.

It is a bitter-sweet feeling a blessing and a curse at the same time. But of course, the ultimate blessing would be realizing that the person you are falling for has the same feel-ing, has fallen in love at that very first sight. That would match the glorious fictitious romantic moments like that of Romeo and Juliet. However love doesn’t always happen that way. Sometimes love develops, getting stronger in time. Whichever way it happens however, someone has to take the first step to declare the love, to initiate relationship.

Throughout the world including our soci-ety declaring love and initiating relationship has traditionally been predominantly a male role. In consequence, women are expected to be shy hold their feelings. They are meant to wait helplessly hopping that the man they love has the same feeling and someday would come up to them and spoil them with the good news; and that doesn’t necessarily happen all the time. And many a time not a few women sit back and watch the love of their lives slip away to other women’s arms just for short of declaring their feelings.

Times have changed and this traditionally assigned gender role of declaring love and

initiating relationships has started to fade away in many modern societies. Yet still, a lot of men and not a few women are not in good terms in the idea of ‘women’ initiat-ing relationships. Men who doesn’t approve of women who declare their love to initiate relationships consider the behavior hussy. Women relate the issue to their pride and

consider it an un-dignified conduct.

Personally I have a problem with the idea of something being ‘ok’ for some people and immoral and undignified for others. We are all humans we suffer from the loss of love and get delighted in its possession simi-larly. Such ideas of “selective appropri-ateness” for me are

nothing more than the extensions of the long lived oppressive chauvinistic male attitudes towards women. True, as I mentioned ear-lier a lot of women are also into the idea as-signing this role based on sex. However, it is important to question whether this women are reflecting the chauvinistic attitudes they were brought up with, whether they are the victims of old traditions.

For me, initiating relationships is all about power. It could be economic, social, intel-lectual or behavioral. The richer, the higher their social status, the more educated and the more confident people are the more power-ful and hence the bolder they would be. In the olden days as most of these spheres were predominantly men’s privileges. Conse-quently, men used to be more powerful and thus the power of initiating and terminating relationships used to be their domain.

Today however, men are not necessarily richer; they do not always earn more than women and hold all the means of produc-tion. Social status is not necessarily gender specific. Intellectual advancement is also no longer solely the domain of men. If we con-sider behavior as well, as I mentioned earlier women are expected to be shy. But they are “expected to be,” not necessarily are at all times. Sometimes a man can be shy and a woman can be more confident than any bold person can be. Should such woman risk los-ing the shy man she loves waiting for him to take the step? What do you say?

Old Chauvinistic Tradition

Daniel Semere

One of the top concerns of young people has always been interactions with the oppo-site sex and dating. But dating is not as easy as it sounds. There are a number of conten-tious issues regarding relationship between the opposite sex. And often times our deci-sions in this issue affects us and our life in a major way. The complexities with this issue starts right from the beginning. Who should initiate relationship the man or the woman?

When looking at specific gender differ-ences in date-initiation strategies, men were most likely to initiate a relationship using direct tactics and more confident and mo-tivated to do so. Both sexes describe men as taking a very active role in the date-ini-tiation. Like so, not surprisingly, women report taking a less direct approach to rela-tionship initiation than did men. Women are less direct, less motivated, and less likely to initiate a relationship with a particular available partner than are men. They also are more concerned about the risk of an un-successful initiation attempt.

This fundamental fact remains: Men and women are different! In the realm of dat-ing and mating men are born to respond to a challenge. Men who are interested in will pursue the opposite sex. Men who find them

attractive, initiate. When we take away a man’s need to pursue a woman, in the long run he loses interest.

This is not politically correct, but it is the truth. And that is why the man should always initiate the relationship. And when we put our culture in this equation the con-clusion seems rather advisable. All of us are shaped by the culture of our society. This affects our view in the world. And in our culture reservation is beauty , at least as far as women are concerned. Being shy, reserved, and respectful are among the most important factor affecting a woman’s desirablility and beauty. And this includes the need to not initiate a relationship and the need to be chased after by men. That is why most of the time women that initiate a relationship are not recommended by the society at large.

it is good for women to have an approach-able character and appearance. No man is going to risk approaching a woman, no matter how physically attractive the woman might be, if he countenance is sad, gloomy or angry. It is good to remember, to keep it light. However, the most shy man, will risk asking a girl out if he is interested.

So I say it seems and feels right that men should initiate a relationship. A woman should respond. What do you say?

Men Initiate Women Respond

4Eritrea Profile, Saturday 4th of October , 2014 ADS

Vacancy Announcement

Bisha Mining Share Company is inviting applicants for the following position for Bisha site project; Operations Manager (1)

Major Duties and responsibilitiesPreparation• of yearly operational budget including required capital expenditure together with a 2

and 5 year LOM plan.Coordinate• and align operational teams to meet and exceed yearly operational budgets within

mandate of BMSC’s strategic objectives.Coordinate• his/her department’s resources – people, equipment, spares/consumables and facili-

ties into a proper operational planning system so as to achieve the operational teams wider objectives and cost management targets as set out in the yearly budget.

Ensure• all Operations personnel and contractors under your control work in accordance to rel-evant laws, regulations, company policies, standards and procedures.

Ensure• his/her departments work to the highest of standards and all hazards and risks are identi-fied and corrective and preventative actions are continually put in place to ensure a safe and efficient working environment.

Ensure• the operational teams’ information systems provide accurate and timely information on daily, weekly, monthly, quarterly and yearly progress.

Participate• in new idea generation/proposal preparations, general project planning and schedul-ing by contributing his/her particular expertise to ensure a culture of continuous improvement exists within the operational teams.

Help• coordinate BMSC’s regional generative exploration program.Participate• in proposal preparations and project planning and scheduling to transition the mine

from Copper to Zinc producer by contributing his/her particular expertise and that of his/her subordinates.Ensure• the operations teams meet and exceed their employee development plans.

. Relieve the General Manager from time to time.

Profile: Qualifications and Experience

Formal Education, Certifications or Equivalents

Bachelor’s degree or Diploma in mining.•

Working Experience – Nature & Length

Minimum 15 years mining industry experience• At least 5years’ management experience including mining, •

process plant, technical services and engineering sections at a large open pit copper and/or zinc mining operations.

Leadership Experience – Nature & length of time

Proven ability to manage large diverse multinational workforce •and contractor groups within a developing mine context. (African experience considered essential)Ability to interact with large and diverse stakeholder groups •including communities, government agencies, board members and investors.

Other skills and abilities

. Thorough knowledge of all phases of mine operations •including mine construction and projects.Proven record of meeting and exceeding operational objectives •safely and cost effectively.

General Information and other requirements for the above position:Place of work : Bisha site•Type of contract: Definite period (three months)•Salary: As per Company salary scale•Additional requirement for Nationals: •1. Provide evidence of completion or exemption from National service •2. Present release paper from current/last employer •

3. Testimonial documents to be attached (CV, work experience credentials, a copy of your National •Identity Card etc.).

Application documents will not be returned back to sender and.• All applications should be sent through the post office•Deadline for application: 10 days from the day of publication in the Newspaper.•Address: Please mail your applications to;•

Bisha Mining Share Company, P. O. Box 4276 Asmara, Eritrea

Note to Eritrean applicants: • Please send a copy of your application to Aliens Employment Permit Affairs, P. O. Box 7940, Asmara, Eritrea

Invitation for Bids (IFB)

Name of Country: Eritrea

Name of Project: Global FundGrant No: ERT- T – MOH Dated: September 30, 2014

IFB Title: - Procurement of Motorcycles for national and zobal level supervision

IFB Number: GF/R10 TB Y3 - NCB /01/2014

The 1. Ministry of Health of the State of Eritrea has received a grant from the Global Fund towards the cost of HIV/AIDS, Malaria, and TB Project. It is intended that part of the proceeds of this grant will be applied to eligible payments under the contract for Procurement of Motorcycles for national and zobal level supervision.

The 2. Project Management Unit of the Ministry of Health now invites sealed bids from eligible bidders for the supply of Motorcycles.

Bidding will be conducted through the International Competitive 3. Bidding (NCB) procedures specified in the Global fund Guidelines: Interested bidders may obtain further information from 4. PMU, Ministry of Health and inspect the Bidding Documents at the Procurement Office, PMU, Ministry of Health, Denden Street No.82, Asmara, Eritrea; Tel: 291-1-122978, Fax: 291-1-124357 from 08:00 to 12:00 hours.A complete set of Bidding Documents in 5. English language may be purchased by interested bidders on the submission of a written Application ( if agents, presentation of authorization and renewed license) to the address and upon payment of a non refundable fee NAKFA (500.00). The method of payment will be cash or Bank transfer to the credit of our account No. 120-122-0186 . Bids must be delivered to Project Management Unit/MOH, 6. Denden Street No. 82 Asmara, Eritrea; Tel: 291-1-122978; Fax; 291-1-124357, on or before 15:00 Hours on October 15, 2014 All bids must be accompanied by a bid security to be not less than two (2) percent of the bid amount in a freely convertible currency which should be submitted sealed within the bid offer envelop. Late bids will be rejected. Bids will be opened in the presence 7. of the bidders’ representatives who choose to attend at 15:00 hrs on October 15,2014

candidate at VU University Amsterdam presented a paper under the title “Technology Spillovers in Extractives.” Mr. Nahom indicated that having linkage with local suppliers would enable mining companies to have a variety of choices to make in finding cost effective equipment. Collaborating with different local research centres would mutually benefit different players.

Asmara Mining conference 2014 has also unveiled details of the activities that have been carried out in Haykota Mining Project with a special reference to Yacob Dewar VMS deposit. Dr. Seaife Berhane and Dr. Tim Williams gave highlights of the potentials of mines

in that respective area.Mr. Mussie Alemseged and

Mr. Tesfaldet Berhane also gave briefings about the Geology and Stratigraphy of the Harena deposit.

The participants of the 5th As-mara Mining Conference have also observed an exhibition that displays work accomplishments of different mining, exploration, and supplier companies. Even though presenta-tion of papers were closed in the evening hours of 2 October 2012, VIP participants of the Mining Con-ference will make tours in different mine sites such as Bisha, Zara while the rest participants will visit the Asmara Mining Project( Debarwa, Embaderho and Adi-Nifas) and the 5th Asmara Mining conference will be closed on 5 October 2014.

Asmara Mining Conference...continued from page 2

5Eritrea Profile, Saturday 4th of October , 2014

Many a time important events in the global arena are not presented in their entirety in mainstream media as there is lack of context in most of the in-formation they cover. In response, this column sets out to question this trend by presenting diverse perspectives from as many sources as possible with the underlying aim of bringing to fore context that is culturally, historically, politically and economically relevant to any given topic.

The classic Latin American coup used to put the military in direct command and control of a country. That doesn’t play well on the world stage, and is being replaced by more clever manipulation - although the same people end up in power

BY: MAURICE LEMOINE

On 23 September 2010 the former Ecuadorian president Lucio Gutierr-ez (deposed by a popular uprising in 2005) gave a talk to the InterAmeri-can Institute for Democracy in Mi-ami, criticising his nation’s social-ists for their mysticism, incoherent Marxism and dangerous populism. He told his listeners that to end 21st-century socialism in Ecuador (the subject of his talk), it would be nec-essary to get rid of President Rafael Correa.

His speech is on record; there’s a video that captures the thunderous applause it received. In the audience were Mario Ribadeneira, a minister in the government of Sixto Duran- Ballen (president 1992-96), when Ecuadorian neoliberalism was at its height; Roberto Isaias, wanted for fraud after the collapse of Filan-banco, Ecuador’s largest bank, of which he was part-owner; and Ma-rio Pazmifio, a former head of army intelligence, sacked by Correa in 2008 for having too close a relation-ship with the CIA.

A week later, on 29 September in Quito, a meeting of members of the opposition continued late into the night. Next morning, the leader of the Patriotic Society Party, Galo Lara, appeared on the Ecuavisa net-work’s 7am show Contacto Directo (Direct Contact), talking about the Public Service Law that the nation-al assembly had just passed. This ended certain privileges - bonuses, cash payments with medals and other decorations, Christmas gifts - for some civil servants, including the police. Though it granted other benefits, including overtime pay and access to social housing pro-grammes, Lara claimed that “Presi-dent Correa has snatched the toys out of the hands of the policemen’s children - that’s why he is afraid of being lynched. That’s why he is packing his bags and getting ready to flee the country.” An apocalyptic article by leading columnist Emilio Palacio was nublished in the dailv El Universo .

At 8am, Correa learned that police officers were protesting against the new law at the Quito barracks. He called it a “misunderstanding”, and said he would negotiate directly with the protestors. With interior minister Gustavo Jalkh, he left the presiden-tial palace for the barracks, where 800 police greeted them with shouts of “The Communists are coming!” and “Out with the Chavistas!”

The disturbance was being or-ganised by men in sunglasses, with radios and mobile phones, mingling with the crowd; among them it was easy to recognise Fidel Araujo, spokesman for Gutierrez and a senior leader in the Patriotic Society Party. Correa’s bodyguards managed, with difficulty, to get him through the jos-tling, insults and tear gas, and into the building. From a second-floor window, he attempted to talk to the protestors: “This law will improve your lives. We have worked for the police; look at everything we have given you” (I).

The crowd booed. Some shouted: “Get him! Kill him!” Correa lost his composure, and shouted defiantly: “Gentlemen, if you want to kill the president, here I am. Kill me if you want to! Kill me if you are brave enough, instead of hiding in the crowd like cowards!”

Four hundred soldiers had taken control of Quito’s Mariscal Sucre airport. The air base at Tacunga was also occupied, as were the national assembly building (by the security guards supposed to protect it) and the port and airport at Guayaquil, Ecuador’s economic capital. By 9am, groups of delinquents, aware that the forces of law had abandoned the streets, were smashing windows, looting shops and cash machines, and terrorising residents.

As in Venezuela in 2002, when Hugo Chavez was briefly detained during a failed coup, tens of thou-sands took to the streets to sup-port the president. A section of the “democratic” opposition offered its conditional support. Another, led by Clever Jimenez, head of Pachakutik Plurinational Unity Movement - the political wing of the Confederation of Indigenous Nationalities of Ecua-dor (Conaie) - called (unsuccessful-ly) on indigenous and social move-ments to form a “national front” to demand Correa’s resignation.

Choking on tear gas, Correa took

refuge in the police hospital, where he remained besieged until, at 8pm, he was rescued by an army special operations group and loyal elements of the police Intervention and Res-cue Group. Police posted outside the building heard calls on their radios to “Get Correa out and take him away before the chuspangos (military) arrive” and to “Kill him, kill the president.” Correa finally emerged during an intense firefight. A soldier protecting him was fatally wounded; another, who had lent the president his ballistic vest, suffered a punctured lung. Correa’s car had five bullet holes, the escort vehicles 17. Ten people were killed and near-ly 300 injured.

This was more than a spontane-ous protest that had got out of con-trol: for several weeks, the police had been bombarded with emails and pamphlets criticising the new law and misrepresenting its provi-sions. Certain factions accustomed to impunity resented the arrest and conviction of members of a national police unit, the Operations Support Group, for torture and disappear-ances. Some Ecuadorians would gladly have done without the Truth Commission, set up to investigate the repression of the 1980s. Add to this Correa’s social noficies. hi” close link” with the progressive governments of the region, Ecua-dor’s accession to Alba (the Bolivar-ian Alliance for the Peoples of Our America) and the closure of the US military base at Manta, and it is clear that the police had been manipulat-ed. This led to a genuine attempted coup.

“Presidents normally take the ad-vice of their security team and don’t expose themselves to danger; they barricade themselves inside the Ca-rondelet [presidential palace] and soon find they cannot get out,” said Oscar Bonilla, a member of the 30-S (30 September) Commission, set up to establish the truth about the event. Culture minister Francisco Velasco said: “The situation would have been ripe, after a few days of the rebellion growing in strength, for a group of army officers,working with opposition politicians ... to declare a power vacuum and intervene in the name of restoring governability.”

Ecuadorians knew how the gener-als had behaved in the past, during the popular and non-violent rebel-lions against presidents Abdala Bu-caram (1997), Jamil Mahuad (2000) and Gutierrez (2005): the army had abandoned them and assented to their deposition in order to calm the situation.

Correa’s recklessness in going to the barracks upset the intended sce-nario - a “constitutional” way out of the crisis - and saved the “citizens’ revolution”. That did not stop the opposition and media from present-ing their own version of events: that there had been no coup, that the pres-ident had not been trapped and no one had wanted to kill him, that sole responsibility for the situation lay with Correa. An editorial by Palacio in EI Universo called for the presi-dent to be brought before the Inter-national Criminal Court for “crimes

against humanity”, accusing him of having “ordered the army to fire on a hospital”. The article prompted Correa to take EI Universo to court; Palacio went into exile.

Abroad, most journalists repeated these views. “The opposition ... con-siders the president’s recklessness and arrogance to be responsible for the excesses,” wrote Le Monde (12 January 2011).

This rarely analysed episode is a textbook example of the new strat-egy for ousting an inconvenient head of state. The days when armed forces, with the help of the US, overthrew constitutional, democrati-cally elected governments are long gone. But since 1999, charismatic leaders from the left or centre left have come to power by mobilizing the disadvantaged, and there have been golpes (coups) against them, and other attempts at destabilisa-

tion, in Venezuela (2002, 2003 and 2014), Haiti (2004), Bolivia (2008), Honduras (2009), Ecuador (2010) and Paraguay (2012). Conservatives have learned that bloodshed ad-versely affects international opinion, and that, in Latin America at least, a classic coup is no longer acceptable. So methods have moved on.

Psychological tactics, used in war, also play a major role in peacetime. The Chilean daily El Mercurio pre-pared the way for the September 1973 coup against Salvador Allende. Europe back then had publications capable of analysing and criticis-ing propaganda but, with a few ex-ceptions, this is no longer the case. Today, neoliberalism and an order imposed by the US and the EU pre-vail. The growth of the Internet, and cut- and-pastejournalism, have stan-dardised news reporting in western media (2).

There is plenty of room for sub-tle psy- ops, including those where the participants don’t know they are participating, to manipulate or destabilise governments, or create negative images of them abroad. These go well beyond necessary criticism of policies. The much-used term “populism” belittles the some-times considerable social advances made in the target countries, and their achievements in reducing pov-erty and redistributing wealth; these sovereign choices are called “irre-sponsible” and “incompatible with democracy”. Before the attempted coup against Chavez in Venezuela in 2002, public opinion was bombard-ed with rowdy headlines in EI Na-cional and EI Universal - “Tali ban in the National Assembly”, “Black October”, “Terrorists in Govern-ment” - and calls to overthrow the president.

These Days The Military Go Back To Their BarracksLatin American coups upgraded

Part I

6Eritrea Profile, Saturday 4th of October , 2014

Rivers of Consciousness Social: http://www.facebook.com/riversofconsciousness | Contact Address: teklehaimanotye@eit.edu.er SMS Message to: +2917261231

Teklehaimanot Yemane

“We take flight mental-ly when we rise above our habitual ways of thinking about things and experi-ence new insights.”

_Madisyn Taylor

We human beings are earth-bound and that is why we are al-ways fascinated by winged crea-tures that fly high above us in the sky. Man could not help craving for flying high and experience the delight associated with it. It is for this reason that man invented air-plane. To the inventor the fantasy of flight is reality and to the one who is fascinated by that – the re-ality of fight is a fantasy. Most of us live fantasizing the reality. Yet the true nature of human being is realization of mind fantasies. Few are they whom life is associated or committed in realizing their imagi-nations. If we could have fly in the realities of our imagined worlds, that would be considered as Flying high and Free. Otherwise we could be earth-bounded within our cir-cles of immaturities. Flying High and Free within our Fantasy world requires courageously diving into our heart.

History tells us that ‘many stories from ancient times involve flight, such as the Greek legend of Icarus and Daedalus, and the Vimana in ancient Indian epics. Around 400 BC in Greece, Archytas was reput-ed to have designed and built the first artificial, self-propelled flying device, a bird-shaped model pro-pelled by a jet of what was proba-

bly steam, said to have flown some 200 m. Some of the earliest re-corded attempts with gliders were those by the 9th-century poet Ab-bas Ibn Firnas and the 11th-century monk Eilmer of Malmesbury; both experiments injured their pilots.

Leonardo da Vinci researched the wing design of birds and de-signed a man-powered aircraft in his Codex on the Flight of Birds in 1502. In 1799, Sir George Cayley set forth the concept of the modern aeroplane as a fixed-wing flying machine with separate systems for lift, propulsion, and control. Cay-ley was building and flying models of fixed-wing aircraft as early as 1803, and he built a successful pas-senger-carrying glider in 1853. … The first flight that was recognized by the standard setting and record-keeping body for aeronautics, Fed-eration Aeronautique Internation-ale (FAI) was made by the Wright brothers in 1903. This was the first sustained and controlled heavier-than-air powered flight. By 1905, the Wright Flyer III was capable of fully controllable, stable flight for substantial periods. … The de-sire for man to fly continued to the extent man invented sophisticated flying machines to explore earth and the outer space.

Flying high in the sky, we look down on the earth that is our home and see things from an entirely different perspective. We can see much more, and we can see much farther than we can when we’re on the ground. As if all this weren’t enough, the out-of-this-world feel-ing of freedom that comes with groundlessness inspires us to de-

sire to take flight again and again.For one of my young uncles,

the rapid development and daily change of technology and techno-enhanced inventions are fantasy in his reality. And surprisingly he has his own world of flight where he would delightedly fly every day. Yet, it is narrow and limited. He cannot see more and farther from within it. It is obviously little that anyone can guess observing him regretting bout his littleness. How-ever, he would not stop from visit-ing his world as he is bounded to it. Majority of the crowds over there are earth-bounded to their respec-tive little worlds and a shift in real-ity would be absent in their dreams. Most of the human race in here is also stamped in a negligible world in comparison to their fantastic world of yet-to-be-discovered.

Human beings in general live within concentric circles of im-maturities that have developed through time. We create our own blockages.

If we were to break free of the gravity that holds us to a particular way of thinking or feeling or be-ing, we would have fly higher and higher until we get the true human potential. We take flight mentally when we rise above our habitual ways of thinking about things, do-ing and then we experience new in-sights. By this we open our minds. The strength of our passion exceeds the strength of our blockages and emotionally, we take flight. The floodgates open and we are free to feel fully and fly high. Spiritually we take flight when we locate that part of ourselves that is beyond the constraint of linear time and the world of form. It is in this place that we experience the essential boundlessness that defines the ex-perience of flight.

When we literally fly, in a plane, we free ourselves from the strength of gravity’s pull. And high from the sky we observe our home in a new perspective. On the other hand when we open our minds and our hearts, we free ourselves from ha-bitual patterns of thought and emo-tional blockages. As we remember our true nature, we free ourselves from identification with the tempo-rary state of our physical forms.

By stretching our wings more, we realize this taking of flight is a state of grace that simply reminds us of who we really are as human beings. We comprehend our fanta-sies are realities and we fly high in them.

Fly High And Free In The Realities Of Your Fantasy

Some psychologists believe that there is a biological aspect in our personality, which they call tem-perament, which is innate and sta-ble over time and across situations. Well the theory would say that one’s fear of change is natural be-cause he is born with it. It would tell you that you have a fear of change if you had cried all day, when your mother left you with another wom-an, or if you could not stop thinking about your puppy doll when your Daddy took that old puppy giving you a ball for a change. However if you adjusted yourself quickly with that woman or did not bother much about the puppy it would say you love change. Others may also wonder about wanting to change and not wanting to change on their own ways, but the real wonder is that change never ceases from hap-pening. Yes, things change wheth-er you like it or not, whether you initiate it or not.

Curiosity had pushed man to eat from the forbidden tree, then was sent to earth, bore his children, they grew in number, they fought… any way we can think of there has been a lot of changes. We are always ea-ger to know something, like, when Newton wondered about the felling of the apple, which creates aware-ness and having gained knowledge we invent and modify changing ourselves and the surrounding.

The earth has seen a lot of crea-tures in its life time, some of which are only found in museums today;

we humans have survived till this day because we can adapt, the cells in our body undergo changes and shifting of mechanisms, we are designed to change in response to change. You may hear some people say, “you can’t catch me changing” or saying “I don’t like changes”. Nothing remains the way it was and we cannot take pride in not wanting to change for it is like tak-ing pride in being an animal. When each one of us first came into this world we uttered a cry, a cry for the great sudden change that we knew nothing of. That cry should have been the end of it, for a body can-not expect a greater change than moving to a new world.

In the ancient times when man hunted for living, used stones to create fire, had no shelter, and he was certain of one thing, that he was born to change; well he strived for a change built a shelter, gradu-ally liberated himself from sav-ageness and worked all his way through to this great civilization. But is it not a wonder that we still try to make modifications even if things seemed absolutely perfect. We cannot help making changes. You decorate your house perfectly till you think it cannot be any bet-ter, a month or a year letter you change. People gradually clothed themselves out of nakedness and assumed what we might call per-fection or elegancy, but have you also noticed they are gradually go-ing down the ladder.

Humans and Change By:Thomas Eyob, (OSMD)

7Eritrea Profile, Saturday 4th of October , 2014

Solomon Mengsteab

Human desires are infinite; the things we yearn to possess, things we wish to do, personages we as-pire to be etc. are indeed utterly in-finite. Even if at times we seem or feel to be sure about the definitive-ness of our desires, such appear-ances and feelings are never long lasting; time itself, if nothing else, erodes and banishes the presumed definite desires out of our mind and replaces them with others before we know it. We desire something, get obsessed with it, toil day and night to get it and if we are blessed, we win it in the end. As it is in hu-man nature however, the success in achieving one desire only leaves us with another. Our wants, our de-sires just keep on being supplanted by others in a nonstop chain reac-tion, one replacing another.

These infinite desires engage us in nonstop lifelong industry. What’s more, it is not always that we achieve our goals and fulfill our cravings. Many a time we fail, as the road to success is not always a walk in a park. Sometimes the road to success is filled with barriers and setbacks and these barriers and set-backs are what we call problems in our lives. And everybody have some problem in one or another form. No matter whom, where and when, there is no one without a problem. Whether the problems are big or small and/or simple or complicated depends on the goals and desires sought after to be ac-complished and fulfilled and many other factors. The fact remains the same however, there are always different possible ways that could take one to one’s goal and every one of them will have some barri-ers, some problems, of one sort or another. Sooner or later everyone

will have to overcome these barri-ers, solve these problems in order to achieve their goal depending on how soon and how bad they want their desire fulfilled.

The ability of people to solve problems depends on different factors; the physical, intellectual, social financial political etc. back-ground, the circumstances they are in, the nature and size of the prob-lems etc. In general however, there are two ways with which people attempt to solve the problems they face in life. Some poor souls ride into the battle to fight their prob-lems almost blindfolded, without any decipherable system in their approach. Others deliberate up on their problem, the different pos-sible approaches and outcomes of their undertakings, they analyze and plan. Such people take system-atically arranged steps in identify-ing their problem analyzing their circumstances, making plans and implementing those plans; they apply systematic problem solving methods.

There are various systematic ap-proaches to solving problems which are suitable for different kinds of problems in diverse circumstances. However, most of them are simi-lar in their rudimentary steps and structures. They all begin with the clear and direct identification of the problem by eliminating the extra-neous but misleading issues from the real problem at hand. Then they analyze circumstances and identify possible ways to find the desired solution. After that, they plan and implement. Later, they assess the effect of the implemented plan, they plan and implement again until they accomplish the desired goal. There could be some variance in the details of the processes of different problems solving meth-

ods however, basically they are all similar. And looking closely into different problem solving methods manifests one noteworthy fact; the significance of clarifying the prob-lem.

Stating the problem clearly and directly by eliminating all the other extraneous issues around it is the basic but the most crucial step in any problem solving approach. This might seem straight forward and simple, especially in consider-ing individuals and their minor and uncomplicated personal problems. However, stating the real problem is not as simple as it sounds or as most of us would like it to be in considering higher organizational levels, such as big companies, gov-ernments, and major governmental and nongovernmental organiza-tions. In such levels problems are often multiple which makes their identification and prioritization even more complicated and crucial. Moreover, in these macro levels problems tend to assume chame-leonic, intricate and interacting nature, which complements to the necessity of careful assessment and elucidated statement of the prob-lem.

However, it is not just for the nature and magnitude of problems that this basic step of clarifying the real problem is critical; it is rather because it is the key to solve any given problem. All the efforts ex-erted in an attempt to solve a given problem, even while following sys-tematic problem solving methods, are nothing more than useless if they lack the basic clarification of the actual problem to begin with. For, they are wasted in an attempt to solve nonexistent problems or problems of less significance there-

fore, do not deserve all the energy time and resources engaged in their direction.

Wasting resources, time and en-ergy in fruitless endeavors of solv-ing problems which are non/less-important, due to lack of awareness and/or ability to clearly identify and state the core problem, is one thing. However, more often than admitted people intentionally seem to evade the identification and clar-ification of the real problem and engage themselves in trifling. Of course, deep inside they know the feebleness of their engagements in solving the fundamental problems in their lives. Nonetheless, what-ever their reason is for not stepping up and face the real problem, they still waste their time energy and resources in trivial. For instance, a man may be suffering from finan-cial a crisis which in turn agitates most of his life aspects. The man might engage in blind boxing trying to fill in a one bill and to another in-stead of tackling the major problem which is inadequate income and finding solution, balancing the ins and outs of his finance.

Some might argue that when a problem is too big and too com-plicated and there is but limited energy, resource and/or and time it is better to deal with and eliminate the smaller problems and reserve the big one for better days. How-ever, most of the times no matter how big and intricate problems seem when examined closely their root causes and by implication their solutions, although they may be rough and crude at times, are usu-ally simple and basic. And just may be if all the energies times and re-sources are combined in finding the root causes and tackling them, may

be, just may be it would find the ultimate solution for most of those trivial problems.

A man gets his toe injured and due to lack of basic medical care and attendance the wound somehow refuse to heal. By the time he got access to medical care the wound have got worse and developed into gangrene. In time the gangrene expands to his knee and keeps on going up to his thigh threatening to invade his upper body and kill him. Now, the man has two choices. He could try to ignore the real problem and the real solution and feebly at-tempt to treat the pus-buds appear-ing here and there on his leg. Or, he can step up and face the real prob-lem and find the real solution. He needs to acknowledge the gangrene and cut of the leg and save his life.

Fighting trivial problems while there is a clear knowledge of the real problem is like trying to treat the pus-buds. Which is why, many a time dealing with problems in life requires an executive decision of identifying the source of the prob-lem and rooting it out once and for all and redirecting one’s attention to address other basic problems. Cut off the leg and learn to live with one leg. The good thing about most of the problems in life however, is they are not like the leg which can never grow up ones you cut them off. One can cut off a bad friend from one’s life, divorce one’s wife or husband and/or quit one’s job if one wants to. Yet still one can make new friends, better friends, remarry and/or find a new job. Unlike a cut of leg which would never regrow, life usually gives second chances to amend and fix the problems in our lives once we cut off the gangrene, root out the real problem.

Cut off the Gangrene, Root out the Real Problem

8Eritrea Profile, Saturday 4th of October , 2014

Photo: Akale MebrahtuDesign: Taezaz Abrha

Adequate Rainy Season In The Gash Barka Region