B CNG THNG

TRNG I HC CNG NGHIP TP. H CH MINH

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TIU LUN MN: QUN TR XUT NHP KHU TI:

THC HIN NGHIP V THU TU TI VIT NAM TP. H Ch Minh Thng 3 Nm 2015 B CNG THNG

TRNG I HC CNG NGHIP TP. H CH MINH

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TIU LUN MN:QUN TR XUT NHP KHU TI:

THC HIN NGHIP V THU TU TI VIT NAM GVHD: Trn Hong GiangNHM THC HIN:

1. Tn ng130558012. Vng Minh Qu130057213. L Lan Anh130702014. Ng Th Qunh Nh13004681 TP. H Ch Minh Thng 3 Nm 2015LI M U

(((((1. L do chn ti

Trong iu kin hi nhp kinh t quc t nh hin nay, ha nhp vo xu th chung khng mt quc gia no khng tham gia vo hot ng xut nhp khu, v Vit Nam cng khng l mt ngoi l. Hot ng kinh doanh, xut nhp khu l mua bn hng ha gia cc quc gia nhm khai thc c li th ca tng quc gia, m rng kh nng tiu dng ca mt nc, thc y sn xut hng ha pht trin, tng bc nng cao mc sng ca nhn dn. Vit Nam nm bn o ng Nam , bn b Thi Bnh Dng vi vng lnh hi v vng c quyn kinh t rng ln, c ng b bin di. Nh v tr c iu kin t nhin l tng ny m hng nm Vit Nam xut v nhp khu khong 95 triu tn hng ha thng qua h thng cng bin. iu ny cho thy vai tr quan trng ca vn ti bin i vi s pht trin giao lu thng mi gia Vit Nam vi cc quc gia khc trn th gii.

Trong vn ti ng bin, ty theo bn cht ca hng ha m ch hng thu nhng loi tu thch hp vn chuyn chng n a im theo quy c. Hin nay, trong hng hi quc t c 3 hnh thc thu tu ph bin, l thu tu ch, tu chuyn v tu nh hn. Song i vi cc doanh nghip Vit Nam, nhn chung nghip v thu tu cn kh phc tp, i hi ngi thu tu phi c s am hiu c v chuyn mn ln th trng thu tu. Thu tu l hot ng khng th tch ri chui hot ng thng mi quc t. Cng chnh v nhng l do trn m nhm chn ti Nghip v thu tu lm mc tiu nghin cu v tm hiu su hn.2. Mc tiu nghin cu Nghin cu v thu tu ng bin; cc phng thc thu tu v quy trnh nghip v thu tu. Tm hiu v nhng im mnh cng nh nhng im yu ca cc doanh nghip Vit Nam khi i thu tu, t tm ra l do cc doanh nghip Vit Nam li ngi trong vic thu tu ng bin. V c th a ra mt s gii php v kin ngh nhm gim thiu nhng hn ch trong cc phng thc thu tu.3. i tng v phm vi nghin cu Nghin cu nghip v thu tu gm: Phng thc thu tu ch v phng thc thu tu chuyn

Phm vi nghin cu: Vic thu tu (tu ch, tu chuyn) trong chuyn ch hng ha xut nhp khu ti Vit Nam.4. Phng php nghin cuTham kho sch, gio trnh, bo, cc trang mng, Nghin cu v cc phng thc thu tu, qua tm hiu nhng vn thc tin khi thc hin quy trnh thu tu trong hot ng ngoi thng ca cc doanh nghip Vit Nam t c th a ra nhng lu i vi mt s vn kh khn lin quan ti cc phng thc thu tu.5. Kt cu tiGm 3 chng:

Chng 1: C s l lun

Chng 2: Thc tin lin quan ti nghip v thu tu ti Vit Nam

Chng 3: Mt s kin ngh v gii phpMC LC

1CHNG 1: C S L LUN

11.1 PHNG THC THU TU CH (LINER CHARTER)

11.1.1 Khi nim v phng thc thu tu ch

11.1.2 c im phng thc thu tu ch

11.1.3 Trnh t cc bc tin hnh thu tu ch

21.1.4 Vn n ng bin (Ocean Bill of Lading B/L)

21.1.4.1 Cc chc nng ca vn n

31.1.4.2 Tc dng ca vn n

41.1.4.3 Phn loi vn n

51.1.4.4 Ni dung ca vn n

61.2 PHNG THC THU TU CHUYN (VOYAGE CHARTER)

61.2.1 Khi nim phng thc thu tu chuyn

61.2.2 c im phng thc thu tu chuyn

61.2.3 Trnh t cc bc tin hnh thu tu chuyn

71.2.4 Hp ng thu tu chuyn

71.2.4.1 Khi qut v hp ng thu tu chuyn

81.2.4.2 Mi quan h gia hp ng thu tu chuyn vi vn n

91.2.4.3 Ni dung ch yu ca hp ng thu tu chuyn

15CHNG 2: THC TIN LIN QUAN TI NGHIP V THU TU TI VIT NAM

152.1. THC TRNG HOT NG THU TU TI VIT NAM

172.2. NHNG THUN LI CHO CC DOANH NGHIP VIT NAM KHI THU TU

172.3. NHNG KH KHN CHO CC DOANH NGHIP VIT NAM KHI THU TU

21CHNG 3: MT S KIN NGH V GII PHP

CHNG 1: C S L LUN(((((1.1 PHNG THC THU TU CH (LINER CHARTER)1.1.1 Khi nim v phng thc thu tu ch

Thu tu ch hay ngi ta cn gi l lu cc tu ch (booking Shipping Space). Thu tu ch l ch hng (shipper) trc tip hay thng qua ngi mi gii (broker) yu cu chuyn tu (ship owner) ginh cho mnh thu mt phn chic tu chuyn ch hng ho t cng ny n cng khc.

Mi quan h gia ngi thu vi ngi cho thu trong phng thc thu tu ch c iu chnh bng mt chng t c gi l vn n ng bin. Ni dung ca vn n ng bin do hng tu quy nh sn.

1.1.2 c im phng thc thu tu ch Khi lng hng ha chuyn ch khng ln, mt hng ch yu l mt hng kh, mt hng ng bao. Tuyn ng tu i c quy nh trc. Thi gian tu chy c bit trc. Cc ph c hng tu quy nh trc Hai bn khng m phn k kt hp ng m ch tun theo nhng in khon c sn trn mt tri ca B/L in sn ca ch tu. Th tc thu tu n gin nhng cc ph cao.1.1.3 Trnh t cc bc tin hnh thu tu ch

Quy trnh thu tu ch c th khi qut thnh cc bc c th nh sau:

Bc 1: Ch hng thng qua ngi mi gii, nh ngi mi gii tm tu hi tu vn chuyn hng ho cho mnh Bc 2: Ngi mi gii cho tu hi tu bng vic gi giy lu cc tu ch (liner booking note)

Giy lu cc thng c in sn thnh mu, trn c cc thng tin cn thit ngi ta in vo khi s dng, vic lu cc tu ch c th cho mt l hng l v cng c th cho mt l hng ln thng xuyn c gi. Ch hng c th lu cc cho c qu, c nm bng mt hp ng lu cuc vi hng tu. Bc 3: Ngi mi gii vi ch tu tho thun mt s iu khon ch yu trong xp d v vn chuyn. Bc 4: Ngi mi gii thng bo cho ch hng kt qu lu cc vi ch tu. Bc 5: Ch hng n lch tu vn chuyn hng ho ra cng giao cho tu.

Bc 6: Sau khi hng ho c xp ln tu, ch tu hay i din ca ch tu s cp cho ch hng mt b vn n theo yu cu ca ch hng.

Qua cc bc tin hnh thu tu ch chng ta thy ngi ta khng k hp ng thu tu. Khi ch hng c nhu cu gi hng bng tu ch ch cn th hin trn giy lu cc vi hng tu v khi hng tu ng nhn hng ch th khi nhn hng, hng tu s pht hnh vn n cho ngi gi hng. Vn n khi pht hnh ngha l ch tu c trch nhim thc hin vic vn chuyn l hng.1.1.4 Vn n ng bin (Ocean Bill of Lading B/L)

Vn n ng bin l chng t chuyn ch hng ho bng ng bin do ngi chuyn ch hoc i din ca ngi chuyn ch pht hnh cho ngi gi hng sau khi hng ho c xp ln tu hoc sau khi nhn hng xp.1.1.4.1 Cc chc nng ca vn n

Theo iu 81 B Lut hng hi, vn n c 3 chc nng chnh sau y:

Th nht, vn n l bng chng v vic ngi vn chuyn nhn ln tu s hng ho vi s lng, chng loi, tnh trng nh ghi r trong vn n vn chuyn n ni tr hng. Thc hin chc nng ny, vn n l bin lai nhn hng ca ngi chuyn ch cp cho ngi xp hng. Nu khng c ghi ch g trn vn n th nhng hng ho ghi trong ng nhin c tha nhn c Tnh trng bn ngoi thch hp (In apperent good order and condition). iu ny cng c ngha l ngi bn (ngi xut khu) giao hng cho ngi mua (ngi nhp khu) thng qua ngi chuyn ch v ngi chuyn ch nhn hng ho nh th no th phi giao cho ngi cm vn n gc mt cch hp php nh ghi trn vn n cng d hng.

Th hai, vn n gc l chng t c gi tr, dng nh ot v nhn hng hay ni n gin hn vn n l chng t xc nhn quyn s hu hng ho ghi trong vn n. V vy, vn n c th mua bn, chuyn nhng c. Vic mua bn, chuyn nhng c th c thc hin nhiu ln trc khi hng ho c giao. C mi ln chuyn nhng nh vy, ngi cm vn n gc trong tay l ch ca hng ho ghi trong vn n, c quyn i ngi chuyn ch giao hng cho mnh theo iu kin quy nh trong vn n ti cng n.

Th ba, vn n ng bin l bng chng xc nhn hp ng chuyn ch hng ho bng ng bin c k kt.

Trong trng hp thu tu chuyn, trc khi cp vn n ng bin, ngi thu tu v ngi cho thu tu k kt vi nhau mt hp ng thu tu chuyn (charter party). Khi hng ho c xp hay c nhn xp ln tu, ngi chuyn ch cp cho ngi gi hng vn n ng bin. Vn n c cp xc nhn hp ng vn ti c k kt.

Trong trng hp thu tu ch th khng c s k kt trc mt hp ng thu tu nh thu tu chuyn m ch c s cam kt (t pha tu hay ngi chuyn ch) s dnh ch xp hng cho ngi thu tu. S cam kt ny c ghi thnh mt vn bn, gi l giy lu cc (booking note). Vy vn n c cp l bng chng duy nht xc nhn hp ng vn chuyn hng ho bng ng bin c k kt. Ni dung ca vn n l c s php l gii quyt mi tranh chp xy ra sau ny gia ngi pht hnh v ngi cm gi vn n.

1.1.4.2 Tc dng ca vn n

Vn n ng bin c nhng tc dng ch yu sau y:

Th nht, vn n l c s php l iu chnh mi quan h gia ngi xp hng, nhn hng v ngi chuyn ch.

Th hai, vn n l cn c khai hi quan v lm th tc xut nhp khu hng ho.

Th ba, vn n l cn c nhn hng v xc nh s lng hng ho ngi bn gi cho ngi mua v da vo ghi s, thng k, theo di xem ngi bn (ngi chuyn ch) hoc khng hon thnh trch nhim ca mnh nh quy nh trong hp ng mua bn ngoi thng (vn n).

Th t, vn n cng cc chng t khc ca hng ho lp thnh b chng t thanh ton tin hng.

Th nm, vn n l chng t quan trng trong b chng t khiu ni ngi bo him, hay nhng ngi khc c lin quan.

Th su, vn n cn c s dng lm chng t cm c, mua bn, chuyn nhng hng ho ghi trn vn n1.1.4.3 Phn loi vn n

- Nu cn c vo tnh trng xp d hng ho th vn n c chia thnh 2 loi: vn n xp hng (shipped on board bill of lading) v vn n nhn hng xp (received for shipment bill of lading).

- Nu cn c vo quyn chuyn nhng s hu hng ho ghi trn vn n th vn n li c chia thnh 3 loi: vn n ch danh (straight bill of lading), vn n v danh hay cn gi l vn n xut trnh (bill of lading to bearer) v vn n theo lnh (bill of lading to order of)

- Nu cn c vo ph ch ca thuyn trng trn vn n, ngi ta li c vn n hon ho (Clean bill of lading) v vn n khng hon ho (unclean of lading).

- Nu cn c vo hnh trnh ca hng ho th vn n li c chia thnh: vn n i thng (direct bill of lading), vn n ch sut (through bill of lading) v vn n vn ti lin hp hay vn n a phng thc (combined transport bill of lading or multimodal transport bill of lading).

- Nu cn c vo phng thc thu tu chuyn ch li c vn n tu ch (liner bill of lading) v vn n tu chuyn (voyage bill of lading) hay vn n container (container of lading).

- Nu cn c vo gi tr s dng v lu thng ta c vn n gc (original bill of lading) v vn n copy (copy of lading).

1.1.4.4 Ni dung ca vn n

Vn n c nhiu loi do nhiu hng tu pht hnh nn ni dung vn n cng khc nhau. Vn n c in thnh mu, thng gm 2 mt, c ni dung ch yu nh sau:

Mt th nht thng gm nhng ni dung:

- S vn n (number of bill of lading)

- Ngi gi hng (shipper)

- Ngi nhn hng (consignee)

- a ch thng bo (notify address)

- Ch tu (shipowner)

- C tu (flag)

- Tn tu (vessel hay name of ship)

- Cng xp hng (port of loading)

- Cng chuyn ti (visa or transhipment port)

- Ni giao hng (place of delivery)

- Tn hng (name of goods)

- K m hiu (marks and numbers)

- Cch ng gi v m t hng ho (kind of packages and discriptions of goods)

- S kin (number of packages)

- Trng lng ton b hay th tch (total weight or mesurement)

- Cc ph v chi ch (freight and charges)

- S bn vn n gc (number of original bill of lading)

- Thi gian v a im cp vn n (place and date of issue)

- Ch k ca ngi vn ti (thngl masters signature)

Ni dung ca mt trc vn n do ngi xp hng in vo trn c s s liu trn bin lai thuyn ph.

Mt th hai ca vn n

Gm nhng quy nh c lin quan n vn chuyn do hng tu in sn, ngi thu tu khng c quyn b sung hay sa i m mc nhin phi chp nhn n. Mt sau thng gm cc ni dung nh cc nh ngha, iu khon chung, iu khon trch nhim ca ngi chuyn ch, iu khon xp d v giao nhn, iu khon cc ph v ph ph, iu khon gii hn trch nhim ca ngi chuyn ch, iu khon min trch ca ngi chuyn ch

Mt hai ca vn n mc d l cc iu khon do cc hng tu t quy nh, nhng thng ni dung ca n ph hp vi quy nh ca cc cng c, tp qun quc t vn chuyn hng ho bng ng bin.1.2 PHNG THC THU TU CHUYN (VOYAGE CHARTER)

1.2.1 Khi nim phng thc thu tu chuyn

Thu tu chuyn (voyage) l ch tu (Ship-owner) cho ngi thu tu (Charterer) thu ton b hay mt phn chic tu chuyn ch hng ha t cng ny n cng khc. Trong phng thc thu tu chuyn, mi quan h gia ngi thu tu (ch hng) vi ngi cho thu tu (ch tu) c iu chnh bng mt vn bn gi l hp ng thu tu chuyn (Voyage charter party) vit tt l C/P. Hp ng thu tu do hai bn tho thun k kt.1.2.2 c im phng thc thu tu chuyn Hng ha thng xuyn ch y tu (t 90 95%). Thng chuyn ch hng c khi lng ln: ng cc, khong sn, phn bn,

Hai bn phi m phn k kt hp ng thu tu.

Thng s dng B/L theo hp ng tu chuyn.

Thng s dng mi gii hng hi.

Gi cc thp nhng nghip v phc tp, i hi ngi i thu phi gii v nm chc cc thng tin c lin quan.1.2.3 Trnh t cc bc tin hnh thu tu chuyn

Thu tu chuyn c th chia thnh su bc nh sau:

Bc 1: Ngi thu tu thng qua ngi mi gii (broker) yu cu thu tu vn chuyn hng ha cho mnh. bc ny ngi thu tu phi cung cp cho ngi mi gii tt c cc thng tin v hng ha nh: tn hng, bao b ng gi, s lng hng, hnh trnh ca hng ngi mi gii c c s tm tu.

Bc 2: Ngi mi gii cho hi tu. Trn c s nhng thng tin v hng ha do ngi thu tu cung cp, ngi mi gii s tm tu, cho tu thu cho ph hp vi nhu cu chuyn ch hng ha.

Bc 3: Ngi mi gii m phn vi ch tu. Sau khi cho hi, ch tu v ngi mi gii s m phn vi nhau tt c cc iu khon ca hp ng thu tu nh iu kin chuyn ch, cc ph, chi xp d

Bc 4: Ngi mi gii thng bo kt qu m phn vi ngi thu tu. Sau khi c kt qu m phn vi ch tu, ngi mi gii s thng bo kt qu m phn cho ngi thu tu ngi thu tu bit v chun b cho vic k kt hp ng thu tu. Bc 5: Ngi thu tu vi ch tu k kt hp ng. Trc khi k kt hp ng ngi thu tu phi r sot li ton b cc iu khon ca hp ng. Hai bn s gch b hoc b sung nhng iu tho thun cho ph hp v thu tu chuyn, hp ng mu mi ch nu nhng nt chung Bc 6: Thc hin hp ng. Sau khi hp ng c k, hp ng thu tu s c thc hin

Ngi thu tu vn chuyn hng ho ra cng xp ln tu. Khi hng ho c xp ln tu, ch tu hoc i l ca tu s cp vn n cho ngi thu tu, vn n ny c gi l vn n theo hp ng thu tu (bill of lading to charter party).1.2.4 Hp ng thu tu chuyn1.2.4.1 Khi qut v hp ng thu tu chuyn

Hp ng thu tu chuyn l hp ng chuyn ch hng ho bng ng bin, trong ngi chuyn ch cam kt s chuyn ch hng ho t mt hay mt s cng ny n mt hay mt s cng khc giao cho ngi nhn cn ngi thu tu cam kt s thanh ton cc ph theo ng nh tho thun ca hp ng.

Ngi chuyn ch (carrier) trong hp ng thu tu chuyn c th l ch tu (ship-owner) nhng cng c th khng phi l ch tu m ch l ngi thu tu ca ngi khc kinh doanh ly cc. Cn ngi thu tu chuyn ch hng ho c th l ngi xut khu v cng c th l ngi nhp khu theo iu kin v c s giao hng c p dng trong hp ng mua bn ngoi thng.

Song trn thc t ngi thu tu v ngi cho thu tu rt t khi trc tip k hp ng vi nhau. Trong thu tu ni chung v thu tu chuyn ni ring, ngi ta hay thng qua i l hoc ngi mi gii tin hnh vic thu tu. Ngi mi gii hay i l thng l nhng ngi c chuyn mn, am hiu v th trng thu tu, lut hng hi, tp tc ca cc cng chnh v vy khi thay mt cho ngi thu hay ngi cho thu tu k kt hp ng chuyn ch s bo m quyn li cho ngi u thc tt hn.1.2.4.2 Mi quan h gia hp ng thu tu chuyn vi vn n

Khi chuyn ch hng ho bng tu chuyn, chng ta cn phn bit hp ng thu tu (C/P) vi vn n theo hp ng thu tu. Hai loi chng t ny u lin quan ti hng ho chuyn ch nhng c s khc nhau. Theo thng l Hng hi quc t v b lut Hng hi ca Vit nam (iu 61-1), hp ng thu tu l c s php l xc nh trch nhim v ngha v gia ngi thu tu v ngi chuyn ch. Sau khi hng ho c xp ln tu, ngi chuyn ch hoc i din ca h c ngha v k pht vn n (B/L) cho ngi giao hng. Ngi giao hng (ngi bn) dng vn n c c s i tin ngi mua. Trong lut Hng hi quc t cng nh iu 81-3 b lut Hng hi Vit Nam th vn n l c s php l iu chnh quan h gia ngi chuyn ch v ngi nhn hng cng n.

Nh vy, khi chuyn ch hng ho c bn theo iu kin CIF hay CFR ngi chuyn ch tr thnh ch th ca hai mi quan h php l khc nhau v c lp vi nhau. Theo cun Carriage by sea (trang 350 London 1973) ca lut s ngi Anh (Carver) th ngi nhn hng nhn vn n t ngi bn hng v vn n quy nh trch nhim ca ch tu vi ngi cm gi vn n ( cng ch), n c lp vi hp ng thu tu, tr trng hp hai bn quy nh r trong vn n c ghi ch v a ni dung hp ng thu tu vo . Chnh v vy mc d ngi cm gi vn n c th nhn bit qua vn n rng c tn ti mt hp ng thu tu nh th nhng vn n khi chuyn cho ngi nhn hng (ngi cm gi vn n) th n s to ra mt hp ng mi rng buc ch tu vi ngi c vn n theo cc iu kin ghi trn vn n. Thng thng, trong hp ng thu tu quy nh nu c tranh chp s gii quyt ti Trng ti nc no. Ngc li trong vn n cng c iu khon trng ti ni r khi c tranh chp gia ngi chuyn ch v ngi nhn hng, tranh chp s c gii quyt u, theo lut no (thng dn chiu ti quy tc Hague -Visby).

Thc t trong qu trnh chuyn ch, nu c tranh chp pht sinh th ngi ta s gii quyt tranh chp da vo vn n hoc da vo hp ng thu tu tu theo cc trng hp sau y:+ Trng hp 1: Ngi nhn hng ng thi l ngi k hp ng thu tu, khi c tranh chp pht sinh i vi ngi chuyn ch s ly hp ng thu tu gii quyt tranh chp.+ Trng hp 2: Ngi nhn hng khng phi l ngi k hp ng thu tu, khi c tranh chp pht sinh i vi ngi chuyn ch s ly vn n gii quyt tranh chp.+ Trng hp 3: Vn n chuyn nhng cho ngi khc, khi c tranh chp pht sinh gia ngi chuyn ch vi ngi cm vn n s ly vn n gii quyt tranh chp.+ Trng hp 4: Vn n c dn chiu n cc iu khon ca hp ng thu tu th s ly cc iu khon ca hp ng thu tu gii quyt tranh chp. i vi loi vn n ny thng trn vn n ngi ta ghi r vn n dng vi hp ng thu tu Bill of lading to be used with charter party,.1.2.4.3 Ni dung ch yu ca hp ng thu tu chuyn

Hp ng thu tu chuyn l hp ng rt phc tp c nhiu iu khon khc nhau xc nh r trch nhim v quyn li ca cc bn. Hp ng thu tu chuyn c nhiu loi, song nhn chung ni dung ca hp ng bao gm cc iu khon ch yu sau y:

Ch th ca hp ng:

Ch th ca hp ng thu tu chuyn bao gm: ch tu (hoc ngi chuyn ch) v ngi thu tu (ngi xut khu hoc ngi nhp khu).

Trong hp ng thu tu cn ghi r tn, a ch ca cc bn. Nhng i l hoc ngi mi gii l ngi c u thc k hp ng thu tu th phi ghi r cui hp ng ch ch l i l as Agent Only mc ch xc nh t cch ca ngi k hp ng. iu khon v tu

Tu l cng c vn chuyn hng ho nn iu khon ny ngi ta quy nh c th cc c trng c bn ca con tu m hai bn tho thun nh: tn tu, quc tch tu, cht lng, ng c, trng ti, dung tch, mn nc, v tr ca tu.

Trng hp ch tu mun ginh c quyn thay th tu th bn cnh tn con tu s ghi thm: hoc mt tu c thay th khc or/and Subssitute sister ship. Khi phi thay th tu, ch tu phi bo trc cho ngi thu bit v m bo tu thay th phi c nhng c im k thut tng t nh tu quy nh trong hp ng.

iu khon v thi gian tu n cng xp hng

L thi gian tu phi n cng xp hng nhn hng chuyn ch theo quy nh.

Nh vy iu khon ny ch tu phi c trch nhim iu tu n cng xp hng ng thi gian quy nh trong t th sn sng nhn hng xp. C nhiu cch quy nh thi gian tu n cng xp hng nh: quy nh c th, quy nh khong hoc quy nh sau.

Trng hp tu n trc thi gian quy nh, ngi thu tu khng nht thit phi giao hng, nhng nu giao hng thi gian s tnh vo thi gian lm hng, ngc li tu n m cha c hng giao th s ngy tu phi ch i s tnh vo thi gian lm hng. Khi k hp ng, tu c thu ang gn cng xp hng, hai bn c th tho thun theo cc iu khon sau:

Prompt: Ngha l tu s n cng xp hng vi ba ngy sau khi k hp ng.

Promptismo: Ngha l tu s xp hng ngay trong ngy k hp ng.

Spot promt: Ngha l tu s xp hng ngay mt vi gi sau khi k hp ng.

Ch tu phi thng bo cho ngi thu tu bit d kin thi gian tu n cng xp hng (extimated time of arrival- ETA)

+ iu khon v cng bc d

Hai bn tha thun tn mt cng hoc mt vi cng xp hng (loading port). Cng bc d quy nh trong hp ng phi l cng an ton (safe port) i vi tu v mt hng hi v chnh tr x hi. m rng quyn hn ca mnh v vic thay i cng xp d khi cn thit, ch tu thng a thm cu hoc ni no gn y m tu c th n c mt cch an ton v lun lun u ni vo hp ng (or so near thereto as ship may safely get and lie always afloat). Khi k kt hp ng, ta nn tha thun gch b bt on ny. Ring thut ng always afloa (lun lun u ni) nn thm vo or safe aground (chm t an ton) nht l khi cng bc/ d chu nh hng ca ph sa bi lp v thu triu. Trong trng hp cha xc nh c cng bc/ d th c th quy nh cng bc d theo s la chn ca ngi thu tu.

Nu quy nh mt s cng bc d hoc khu vc cng bc d (Range of port), th phi quy nh thm th t a l ca cng xp d (port to be in Geographitical rotain) gim thi gian v chi ph i li ca tu, th t a l ca cng xp ph thuc vo lung tu chy v s la chn ca ch tu.

S lng cng bc d c nh hng trc tip n mc cc thu tu. V vy, ngi thu tu cn c gng xc nh r cng xp d c th, trnh k kt chung chung v cng xp d

iu khon v cc ph thu tu:

Cc ph thu tu chuyn (Freight) do ch tu v ngi thu tu thng lng v quy nh r trong hp ng thu tu. y l mt iu khon quan trng cua hp ng thu tu chuyn. Hai bn tho thun nhng ni dung sau:

Mc cc (Rate of freight): l tin cc tnh cho mi n v cc (Freight unit). n v tnh cc c th l n v trng lng (tn ph thng, tn Anh, tn M) i vi hng nng (weight cargo) hay n v th tch (mt khi, cubic feet) i vi hng cng knh (meaurement cargo) hoc mt n v tnh cc khc nh: Standard (hng g), gallon (du m), Bushels (la m) v,v,,, mc cc thu bao (lumpsum freight) khng ph thuc vo loi v s lng hng ho chuyn ch m tnh theo n v trng ti hoc dung tch tu. Bn cnh mc cc thu tu, hai bn cn phi tho thun chi ph xp d thuc v ai.

S lng hng ho tnh tin cc: Tin cc c th tnh theo s lng hng ho xp ln tu cng g hng (intaken quantity) hay cn gi l tin cc tnh theo s lng hng ho ghi trn vn n (Bill of lading quantity), hoc tnh theo s lng hng giao ti cng (Delivery quantity). Khi chuyn ch hng ri, gi tr thp nh qung st, than vic cn li hng bn cng n rt tn km, nn trong hp ng thng quy nh cc ph tnh theo s lng ghi trn vn n nhng khu tr 1- 2% tng tin cc ph dng cho chi ph khng cn li hng (2% discount in lieu of weighting)

Thi gian thanh ton tin cc: cc ph thanh ton ti cng bc hng (Freight payable at port of loading), tc l ton b chi ph phi thanh ton khi k vn n(on signing of loading) hoc sau khi k vn n vi ngy. Cc ph thanh ton ti cng d hng (Freight payable at the port of desination) hay cn gi l cc ph tr sau (Freight to collect). Thi gian thanh ton cc ph cng d c th quy nh c th hn nh: cc ph tr trc khi d hng (Freight payable before breaking bulk); cc ph tr sau khi hng xong (Freight payable after complete of discharge); cc phi tr cng vi vic bc d hng trong mi ngy (Freight payable concurent with discharge)v.v..

Nhng cch tt nht l quy nh cc ph thu tu, cc ph tr trc mt phn, tr sau mt phn. Vi quy inh ny, ngi thu tu gi li c mt phn cc ph sau ny b tr vo vic tnh tin thng pht (nu c).

V nguyn tc, ngi chuyn ch ch c thanh ton cc ph thu tu khi hng ho thc s c chuyn ch n cng d hng quy nh. Nhng trong vn n hoc hp ng thu tu thng ghi cu: cc ph c coi nh tin thu nhp v chuyn ch khi bc hng ln tu v tr khng ph thuc vo vic tu hoc hng ho b mt hay khng mt. (Freight to be considered as earned upon shipment and must be paid ship and/ or cargo lost or not lost).

iu khon v chi ph bc d:

Chi ph bc d chim mt t trng kh ln trong gi cc chuyn ch hng ho. Trong trng hp thu tu chuyn bao gi cng c iu khon quy nh v phn chia chi ph bc d gia ch tu v ngi i thu tu, trong thc tin i thu tu, thng p dng nhiu cng thc mu v phn chia chi ph bc d. Song cc iu kin di y thng c p dng ph bin nht:

Theo iu kin min chi ph bc d hng (Free in = FI), tc l ch tu c min chi ph xp hng ln tu, nhng chu chi ph bc d hng khi tu. phn nh chnh xc v c th hn i vi chi ph sp t (Stowage) v san hng (Trimming) trong hm tu cn ghi Free in and Stowage (FI.S) hoc Free in and Trimming (FI.T)

Theo iu kin min chi ph d hng (Free out = FO), tc l ch tu c min chi ph d hng khi tu, nhng phi chu chi ph bc hng ln tu. Ngi nhn hng phi chu ton b chi ph d hng t hm tu ln ca cng. C th thng ghi Cargo to be taken by receivers out of ships free expense to the vessel.

Theo iu kin min c chi ph xp d hng (Free in and out FIO) tc l ch tu c min chi ph bc d hng ln tu, ln chi ph d hng khi tu. Ngoi ra cn quy nh min thm c chi ph sp t, san hng bng cch ghi: FI.O.S hoc FI.O.T.

Vic la chn iu kin v chi ph bc d no trong hp ng thu tu, trc ht phi ph thuc vo iu kin c s giao hng trong hp ng mua bn ngoi thng. Mc ch ca vic la chn ny l phn nh r rng trch nhim ca cc bn trnh tr chi ph bc d hng hai ln (cho ngi chuyn ch v ngi bn hng); tr nhng chi ph khng thuc trch nhim ca mnh, thun li cho cng vic t chc bc d hng cng.

iu khon v thi gian bc d:

L khong thi gian do hai bn tho thun dnh cho ngi i thu tu tin hnh cng vic bc d hng ln tu hoc d hng khi tu gi l thi gian cho php (allowed time). Nu ngi i thu tu hon thnh cng vic bc hng hoc d hng sm hn thi gian cho php, th c hng tin thng bc hoc d hng nhanh (Despatch money). Ngc li, ngi i thu tu hon thnh cng vic bc hoc d hng chm hn thi gian cho php, th b pht bc d hng chm (Demurrage).

tnh thi gian cho php bc d hng, trong hp ng c th quy nh: mt s ngy c nh (v d: 15 ngy bc v 12 ngy d) hoc quy nh mc bc d trung bnh (loading/and/disharging rate) cho c tu trong mt ngy.

Khi nim v ngy trong vic tnh thi gian bc d hng ca hp ng thu tu chuyn c hiu theo ngha sau y:

Ngy (days) l ngy theo lch. Ngy lin tc (Runing days), nhng ngy k tip nhau trn lch k c ngy l, ngy ch nht. Ngy lm vic (working days) l nhng ngy lm vic chnh thc ti cc cng do lut php ca tng nc quy nh. Ngy lm vic 24 gi lin tc (Woking days of 24 consecutive hours) l ngy lm vic 24 gi, ch khng phi l ngy lm vic 8 gi. Mt ngy lm vic lin tc c tnh t na m hm trc n na m hm sau. Ngy lm vic tt tri (Weather woking days) l nhng ngy thi tit tt cho php tin hnh cng vic bc hoc d hng. Ngy ma, gi, bo l thi tit xu khng th tin hnh bc hoc d hng nn khng tnh. Ngy ch nht (Sundays) l ngy ngh cui tun do lut php ca tng nc quy nh. Ngy ch nht thng l ngy ngh lm vic, nhng cng c th tin hnh bc d c, tu theo quy nh ca hp ng. Ngy l (holidays) bao gm nhng ngy l quc gia v ngy l quc t. Trong ngy l ny thng ngh lm vic, nhng cng c th tin hnh bc d hng tu theo quy nh ca hp ng.

iu khon v trch nhim v min trch ca ngi chuyn ch:

Trong hp ng thu tu u quy nh ngi chuyn ch c trch nhim i vi nhng h hng, mt mt ca hng ho trong cc trng hp sau:

- Do thiu s cn mn hp l (Due Deligence) lm cho tu khng kh nng i bin.

- Do xp t hng ho khng tt (Bad stowage), do bo qun hng ho khng chu o.

Ngi chuyn ch cng c min trch nhim (exemptions from liabitily) i vi nhng h hng, mt mt ca hng ho do cc nguyn nhn v trng hp sau:

- Do thin tai, tai nn bt ng ngoi bin, cp bin

- Do n t ca tu v my mc

- Do bn cht ca hng ho

- Do chy, nhng khng do li ca s quan thu th trn tu.

- Do chin tranh v cc hot ng b bt, tch thu ca chnh ph.

Cc iu khon khc

Trong hp ng thu tu, c nhiu cc iu khon khc trong cn lu : iu khon v Trng ti (arbitration clause), iu khon v hai tu m vo nhau cng c li (Both to blame conlison clause), iu kin thng bo tu ETA (expected time of arrival), iu khon kim m (tally clause)CHNG 2: THC TIN LIN QUAN TI NGHIP V THU TU TI VIT NAM(((((2.1. THC TRNG HOT NG THU TU TI VIT NAMTrong bo co tng kt nm 2012, Cc Hng hi Vit Nam cho bit, nm qua do tc ng chung ca hot ng hng hi - thng mi th gii v nhng kh khn trong nc, nn phn ln cc doanh nghip vn ti bin (nht l cc ch tu t nhn) u c li nhun thp v vn gp nhiu kh khn trong hot ng kinh doanh; khng t phng tin ch vn ti hng mt chiu hoc chy rng; nhiu tuyn phi di ngy do thiu hng chuyn ch. Do , thu khng b chi ph.

Hin nay, h tng giao thng kt ni cng bin vi cc khu dn c, khu cng nghip d c Chnh ph quan tm u t xy dng, nhng vn cha ng b vi u t xy dng h tng cng bin, cha p ng c nhu cu lu thng hng ha xp d qua h thng cng bin. Tnh trng trn l mt trong nhng nguyn nhn dn n ch tc giao thng v ng hng ha ti cc cng bin.

ng ch , thi gian gn y, tai nn hng hi c xu hng tng ln. Tai nn xy ra trn hi phn quc t v trn cc lung hng hi Vit Nam. xy ra tu vn ti Vit Nam b cp bin tn cng bt gi tng tin... Nhng vn ny dn n tn tht to ln v ngi v ti sn cho cc doanh nghip hng hi Vit Nam.

Ngoi ra, s lng tu vn ti ca cc doanh nghip Vit Nam b lu gi ti cc cng nc ngoi do khim khuyt k thut vn cha gim, nh hng khng nh n hot ng sn xut kinh doanh v s pht trin chung ca Ngnh.

Bn cnh nhng l do chung m Cc Hng hi Vit Nam a ra, cn c cc nguyn nhn c bn khc dn n tnh trng thua l ca doanh nghip vn ti bin Vit Nam. C th l:Mt l,gi cc thu tu st gim v cha c du hiu phc hi.C th, sau 5 nm (2007-2011), gi cc vn ti bin tuyn Hi Phng - TP. H Ch Minh gim ti 49,2%. Cc vn ti hng vo nm 2007 l 360.000 ng/tn, hng ra 230.000 ng/tn (bnh qun 295.000 ng/tn), nhng sau lin tc gim mnh, cho ti nm 2011, gi cc hng vo ch cn 210.000 ng/tn, hng ra 90.000 ng/tn, bnh qun 150.000 ng/tn.Hai l,gi nhin liu tng cao. Gi nhin liu tng khong 247%, t 8.500 ng/lt nm 2007 ln 21.050 ng/lt nm 2011; gi du li tng lin tc, cht phin 31/12/2012, gi du th ngt, nh giao thng 2/2013 tng 1 USD, tng ng 1,1%, ln mc 91,82 USD/thng trn sn giao dch hng ha New York. Cng vi l vic tng cc khon chi ph khc, nh: lng thuyn vin, tin n... cng gy sc p khng nh ln s tng trng ca cc DN.Ba l,li sut cho vay tng mnh. Li sut cho vay ca ngn hng nm 2008 mc 12%, nhng n nm 2011 tng ti 24%. Trong khi ti thi im ny, chi ph mua tu li ang ng mc nh im, gi tu cao, chi ph i tu ln, nguyn nhin liu t ... Cc khon u t trn ca nhiu DN cho n by gi vn cn li hu qu. Do s dng n vay cao, n vay ngoi t, nn chi ph ti chnh ca cc DN vn ti bin u tng di tc ng ca t gi v li sut. Khon chi ph ny to nn p lc ln cho li nhun rng, nn hu ht cc DN trong ngnh u ghi nhn mc li nhun thp, hoc thua l.Bn cnh , vic phi cnh tranh ngay trn sn nh cng ang l iu ng bn. Hin ti, c n hn 600.000 tn trng ti cc tu mang c nc ngoi tham gia vn ti ni a. Cc tu ny n t nhng tn tui ln trn th gii, nn vic kt hp chui kho vn, va vn chuyn quc t, va tham gia vn ti ni a, ngun vn ln, s gip cc tu ny c thm u th cnh tranh vt tri so vi cc tu Vit Nam.

2.2. NHNG THUN LI CHO CC DOANH NGHIP VIT NAM KHI THU TU

S lng tu ngy cng nhiu cng c nhiu kh nng p ng nhu cu vn chuyn hng ha ca cc doanh nghip.

Thng k cho thy, i tu bin Vit Nam hin c khong 1.700 tu vi trn 500 ch tu, trong c khong 15 ch tu ln, cc tu ny khng nhng hot ng ni a m cn hot ng cc tuyn quc t. Thc t cho thy vi s pht trin nhanh v s lng tu nh trn th to nhiu iu kin thun li cho cc doanh nghip thu tu d dng hn, vic giao thng trong nc v quc t bng ng bin cng bc tin ng k.

Nhn chung cc i tu cho thu ti Vit Nam u l cc i tu tr, c h thng qun l tt, nng lc vn ti cao so vi cc i tu trong ngnh v ang khng ngng c nng cao.

Cc doanh nghip vn ti bin, cho thu tu hin nay ch ng tm kim ngun hng nn cc doanh nghip c nhu cu thu tu cng d dng nm bt thng tin vi nhiu s la chn thch hp mang li hiu qu ti u nht.

i tu ca cc doanh nghip cho thu c trng ti va phi, ph hp vi nhu cu thu tu ca cc doanh nghip ni ring v iu kin nn kinh t Vit Nam hin ti ni chung, t mang li hiu qu kinh t cao.

2.3. NHNG KH KHN CHO CC DOANH NGHIP VIT NAM KHI THU TU

Nhng doanh nghip Vit Nam mun xut khu hng ha sang nc khc th c nhiu phng thc vn chuyn nhng phi chn phng thc no cho ph hp vi loi hng ha cn cn chuyn v ty thuc vo nhiu iu kin khc. Mt trong nhng phng thc v ang c cc doanh nghip Vit Nam s dng l phng thc thu tu v phng thc ny c nng lc chuyn ch ln hn cc phng thc chuyn ch khc, chuyn ch hng ha khng b phn phi bi vn v thi gian,... Tuy nhin, song song cng tn ti nhiu mt khuyt im khin cc doanh nghip Vit Nam cn ngi khi thu tu phc v hot ng kinh doanh ca mnh:

1. Cc doanh nghip Vit Nam hin nay c rt t tip xc vi th trng thu tu quc t, thiu thng tin nn c s u ra quyt nh thiu chnh xc. Hin nay, i ng thc hin cng tc ngoi thng trong cc cng ty, doanh nghip cn kh tr, trnh chuyn mn cha cao, cha nm vng ht tt c cc nghip v thu tu trong khi mi phng thc thu tu c nhng phc tp ring ca n v th tc, quy trnh k kt hp ng,

+ Mc d hin nay phng thc thu tu ch l phng thc thu tu ang c cc doanh nghip p dng nhiu nhng cng tn ti nhiu hn ch. Phng thc thu tu ny khc vi phng thc thu tu chuyn hay thu tu nh hn l ngi ta khng k kt hp ng m s dng vn n. Vn n ng bin l mt chng t quan trng trong giao nhn vn chuyn, bo him, thanh ton v khiu ni (nu c). Trong thc tin s dng vn n pht sinh nhiu tranh chp gy nh hng n cc bn lin quan do cc bn cha thc s hiu hoc c nhng cch hiu khc nhau v gi tr php l ca vn n, v ni dung v hnh thc ca vn n

Vn n th c nhiu loi, mi loi c gi tr php l khc nhau, ni dung v hnh thc tng loi cng khc nhau, nu khng nm r th c ch hng v ngi cho thu tu u gp kh khn trong vic gii quyt nhng mu thun nu c.

in hnh nh gia Conline bill vn n loi thng thng v Congen bill vn n cp theo hp ng thu tu, 2 loi vn n ny c gi tr php l khc nhau vi nhng quy nh v chc nng khc nhau. Trong trng hp xy ra mt mt, h hng, thiu ht hoc chm giao hng cng d hng th ch phi s dng vn n gii quyt tranh chp (nu l Conline bill), nhng s phi s dng c vn n v hp ng thu tu (nu l Congen bill). y c th xy ra kh nng c mu thun gia quy nh ca vn n v quy nh trong hp ng thu tu. Lc ny u tin p dng nhng quy nh ca vn n gii quyt tranh chp. Trong trng hp c vn n v hp ng u khng c quy nh g (kh nng th 2) th p dng lut do vn n ch ra trc, lut do hp ng ch ra sau nhng phi xt n cc mi quan h lin quan.

i vi phng thc ny th ngi thu tu ch thng vo th yu v khng c t do tha thun cc iu kin chuyn ch m phi chp nhn nhng iu kin in sn trong vn n.

Vic s dng B/L c th gp ri ro trong vic giao nhn hng ho (nu n v b mt cp) v B/L l chng t s hu hng ho.

+ i vi nghip v thu tu chuyn th k thut thu tu, k kt hp ng rt phc tp, th tc thu tu rm r, i hi nhiu thi gian giao dch v m phn k kt hp ng,.. Vic k kt hp ng thu tu phi thn trng v cc quy nh iu khon trong hp ng nu khng s d pht sinh nhiu tranh chp. Thm na, tt c nhng ngi k kt hp ng m khng c thin , c ch vi phm, la o thng tm nhng khe h, nhng ch quy inh khng cht ch ca hp ng lm phng hi n quyn li ca bn i tc.

i khi cn b thu nhm nhng con tumahoc nhng cng ty ang sp ph sn dn n vic mt c hng ha cng nh tin cc phi gii quyt nhng tranh chp phin toi do khng tm hiu k bn i tc cho thu tu...

V nu ngi thu tu khng la chn mu hp ng ph hp th vic k kt hp ng s mt nhiu thi gian, cng sc v tin bc.

2. Cc ph thu tu cao, chi ph cho th tc thu tu cc th u tng cng l mt tr ngi cho vic thu tu:

+ Phng thc thu tu ch thng c cc ph cao, do tnh c chi ph xp d v do tu ch thng khng tn dng ht trng ti (trng ti s dng ch tng ng 85%) nn phi tnh lun c phn tu chy khng hng vo trong gi cc. Khng nhng vy m cn nhiu cc chi ph th tc thu tu, cc ph ph nh ph ph tc nghn cng, ph ph v gi du chnh lch, ph ph h s gim gi tin t v cc ph ph khc.

+ Phng thc thu tu chuyn c gi cc thp hn tu ch nhng gi cc bin ng thng xuyn v rt mnh. Nu ngi i thu tu khng thng tho tnh hnh th trng th rt d b ng v buc phi thu vi cc ph cao.

+ Phng thc thu tu nh hn th ngi thu thu phi chu mt chi ph kh ln v du, nc, xp, d,..m gi c hay bin ng v phi t chu trch nhim i vi hng ha chuyn ch.

+ Mt phn do hin nay tnh hnh kinh t bt n, gi c cc loi nhin liu xng du cng gia tng lm chi ph dnh cho vic thu tu cng tng.

+ Thm vo , nhiu doanh nghip li khng bit khai khc gi thu tu tt, cha nm vng v tnh trng gi c trn th trng ny nn thu vi gi cc cao, cng lm cho cc doanh nghip ngi khi thu tu vn chuyn.

3. Trong thc t ngi i thu tu v ngi cho thu tu rt t khi giao dch k hp ng trc tip vi nhau, m thng thng qua cc i l hoc ngi mi gii ca mnh. Ngi i l v ngi mi gii thng l nhng ngi c chuyn mn, nghip v, rt thng tho v th trng thu tu, lut Hng hi, tp qun ca cc cng. Chnh v vy khi ngi i l, mi gii thng c ngi i thu tu v ngi cho thu tu u thc k kt hp ng chuyn ch iu ny s m bo quyn li cho ngi u thc tt hn. Tuy nhin, mt khi ngi mi gii thu tu chp ni xong cc yu cu ca hai bn v hai bn ng thun k kt hp ng th ngha v ca ngi mi gii cng chm dt v d hp ng c c thc hin c hay khng ngi mi gii vn c hng hoa hng. Do , vic thu tu qua trung gian c khng bo m hng ha c vn chuyn thnh cng, ng thi gian m vn phi tn chi ph mi gii, chi ph hoa hng mt khong khng nh.CHNG 3: MT S KIN NGH V GII PHP(((((

cc doanh nghip vn ti bin pht trin mnh, tng xng vi tim nng bin to ln ca Vit Nam, cn thc hin cc gii php sau: Th nht, cn pht trin i tu ln, hin i, c cht lng ngy cng cao theo hng chuyn mn ha. ng thi, phi u t c trng im xy dng i tu nng ct c kh nng p ng c nhng yu cu ngy cng kht khe ca vn ti bin trong nc cng nh quc t. Xu hng vn ti hin nay trong khu vc v trn th gii l s dng tu c trng ti ln, p dng cc cng ngh vn ti tin tin, c bit l vn ti a phng thc v ch yu l vn ti ng bin, v y l loi hnh vn ti t tn km, c an ton hn so vi cc loi hnh vn ti khc. Th hai, cn c c ch phi hp cht ch gia cc doanh nghip vn ti bin trong nc vi cc doanh nghip xut nhp khu hng ha. Vic lin kt gia cc doanh nghip xut nhp khu trong nc vi cc doanh nghip vn ti bin s gp phn gii quyt nhng kh khn cho ngnh vn ti bin, ng thi gp phn khng nh n s gia tng GDP ca quc gia. Th ba, cc doanh nghip vn ti bin phi khng ngng nng cao cht lng dch v bi y l con ng ngn nht v bn vng nht c th thu ht, gn gi khch hng, pht trin doanh nghip. Th t, cn nng cao cht lng ca cc s quan, thuyn vin. Vic thng xuyn o to, o to li nng cao tay ngh, trnh mi mt v c chuyn mn v o c i ng s quan, thuyn vin l mt gii php cc k quan trng. Bi, c nh vy, mi pht trin bn vng vn ti bin Vit NamNgoi ra, doanh nghip Vit Nam cn phi lu nhng ni dung sau:

+ Mi loi vn n c cc chc nng v c im ring nn i hi ngi thu tu phi nm r tng loi vn n p dng cho ph hp.

iu quan trng l khi c mt vn n trong tay phi xem xt xem n l loi g v ai l ngi pht hnh khi c tn tht c th gii quyt kp thi, ng i tng.

+ Nghip v thu tu mang tnh quc t nn phi theo di thng l quc t, cng c quc t, tp qun quc t.

+ Phi trnh c ri ro do bin ng, gi c vn chuyn trn th trng do phi ch theo di thng tin v th trng thu tu trnh ri ro thu tu

+ Thu tu chuyn phc tp hn cng vic thu tu ch, i hi ngi thu tu phi am hiu tuyn, lung vn ti; am hiu c im kinh doanh ca tng hng tu; am hiu v gi cc ph.

+ o to, nng cao trnh i ng thc hin cng tc thu tu, nm vng cc nghip v thu tu, am hiu v cc loi vn n, hnh thc v ni dung ca n cng nh cc hp ng thu tu thc hin tt vic k kt hp ng.

+ trnh nhng tranh chp c th pht sinh trong hp ng thu tu chuyn v tu nh hn cn quan tm n nhng vn c bn sau y.:

1. Tm hiu v la chn i tc tin cy k kt hp ng: Uy tn ca cc ch th trong hp ng thutu l yu t quan trng tin quyt n kh nng thc hin hp ng thutu. Hp ng c thc hin hay khng ph thuc rt nhiu vo uy tn ca cc ch th tham gia k kt. Uy tn ca ch th hp ng l yu t quan trng hng u gip cho vic hn ch cc tranh chp pht sinh sau ny trong qu trnh thc hin hp ng. V vy vic tm hiu v lc chn i tc l kt hp ng thu tu l vn ti quan trng.

Hn na i vi Vit Nam phn ln cc ch hng u cha c nhiu kinh nghim trong lnh vc thng mi hng hi li quan h vi cc doanh nghip, cc hngtunc ngoi dy dn kinh nghim kinh doanh cng nh lut l kinh doanh. Chnh v vy, trc khi k kt hp ng thututh phi la chn mt hngtuc uy tn thu nhm hn ch pht sinh tranh chp v trnh b la o.

Trc khi k kt hp ng thutu, ngi thu tu cn phi tm hiu cn k v i tc k c a ch, s in thoi, s fax... v nhiu khi du hiu ca s la o bt u t nhng chi tit nh nht ny. S cn trng u tin v mu cht l phi c c nhng chi tit ng k r rng v v tr thc s ca cng ty. Vic ny khng ch gip trnh c s ln xn gia cc cng ty c tn trng nhau m cn gip kim tra c s gian ln. Ngoi ra khi c tranh chp, nhng chi tit ny cn c th gip cho ngi thu c hnh ng nhanh gn v chnh xc bo v quyn li ca mnh.

Trong trng hp doanh nghip cha c nhiu kinh nghim trong lnh v thututh nn ngi mi gii gip tm kim mt i tc ng tin cy v c uy tn. Lm nh vy s m bo hn.

Khi chn c i tc ng tin cy k kt hp ng, cc bn cn c bit lu cc chng t pht sinh trong qu trnh thu tu v vn n v y l nhng chng t trc tip chi phi hot ng ca cc bn trong thng v .

2. Mu hp ng k kt v lu b sung sa i nhng vn cn thit. Khi k kt hp ng thu tu, cc bn cn phi la chn mu hp ng ph hp vi i tng chuyn ch. vic s dng mu hp ng sn c nh vy s gip cc bn tit kim c nhiu thi gian, cng sc v tin bc.

Ni nh vy khng c ngha l phi tun th ton b theo hp ng mu, khi k kt, cc bn nn iu chnh v b sung sao cho hp ng ph hp nht i vi i tng chuyn ch v vi nguyn vng ca cc bn.

3. Cc quy nh trong hp ng phi y , c th v r rng.Phi m bo tt c cc iu khon quy nh trong hp ng thu tu phi c th v r rng, c bit l cc iu khon khng c sn trong mu.

KT LUN

(((((

Tm li a ra quyt nh ng n cho cc phng n thu tu, cc ch th thu tu cn hiu r v phng thc thu tu cng nh hp ng thu tu v mi phng thc thu tu c mt li v c hi cho ty trng hp .Vic thu tu, lu cc i hi phi c kinh nghim nghip v, c thng tin v tnh hnh th trng thu tu. Nghip v thu tu l vic cn thc hin mt cch ng n trnh nhng tn tht hay ri ro n hng ha cng nh ti sn ca ch th thu tu EMBED Word.Picture.8

EMBED Word.Picture.8

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