MATTER

HAS MASS AND TAKES UP

SPACE

STATES OF MATTER

SOLID LIQUID GAS PLASMA

CHARACTERISTICPROPERTIES

BOILING POINTMELTING POINTCHEMICAL ACTIVITYDENSITY

PHYSICAL CHANGE ALTERS THE FORM-no new

substance is produced Physical change rearranges molecules but doesn't affect their

internal structures. Some examples of physical change are: whipping egg whites (air is forced into the fluid, but no new

substance is produced) magnetizing a compass needle (there is realignment of groups

("domains") of iron atoms, but no real change within the iron atoms themselves).

boiling water (water molecules are forced away from each other when the liquid changes to vapor, but the molecules are still H2O.)

dissolving sugar in water (sugar molecules are dispersed within the water, but the individual sugar molecules are unchanged.)

dicing potatoes (cutting usually separates molecules without changing them.)

CHEMICAL CHANGE FORMS NEW SUBSTANCE Chemical change is any change that results in the

formation of new chemical substances. At the molecular level, chemical change involves making or breaking of bonds between atoms. These changes are chemical:

iron rusting (iron oxide forms) gasoline burning (water vapor and carbon dioxide

form) eggs cooking (fluid protein molecules uncoil and

crosslink to form a network) bread rising (yeast converts carbohydrates into

carbon dioxide gas) milk souring (sour-tasting lactic acid is produced) suntanning (vitamin D and melanin is produced)

PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL

MIXTURE Two or more substances that are mixed together but not chemically combined

PROPERTIES OF MIXTURES + Substances retain their identity

+ Can be physically separated

+Components do not have a definite ratio

ELEMENTA SUBSTANCE IN WHICH ALL ATOMS ARE ALIKE

ATOM THE SMALLEST PARTICLE OF AN ELEMENT THAT HAS ALL THE PROPERTIES

COMPOUND A SUBSTANCE MADE OF TWO OR MORE ELEMENTS CHEMICALLY COMBINED

CHEMICAL BONDFORCE THAT HOLDS TWO ATOMS TOGETHER

Properties of compounds

+Elements combine in a definite ratio

+Every compound has a unique set of properties-different from the elements that form it

+Can be broken down into simpler substances through chemical change

DEMOCRITUS 440 B.CDEVELOPED THE FIRST ATOMIC THEORY

DALTON THEORY 1802

ATOMS CANNOT BE BROKEN INTO SMALLER PIECES

IN ANY ELEMENT, ATOMS ARE EXACTLY ALIKE

ATOMS OF TWO OR MORE ELEMENTS CAN COMBINE TO FORM COMPOUNDS

ATOMS OF EACH ELEMENT HAVE A UNIQUE MASS

MASSES OF THE ELEMENTS IN A COMPOUNDS ARE ALWAYS CONSTANT RATIO

QUESTIONS TO ANSWER

1. MATTER IS _______ 2. STATE OF MATTER WITH A

DEFINITE VOLUME BUT NO DEFINITE SHAPE IS ____

3. STATE OF MATTER WITH THE MOST ENERGY IS ________

4. NAME TWO CHARACTERISTIC PROPERTIES OF MATTER ________

IDENTIFY AS MIXTURE, ELEMENT, COMPOUND

A. SALT WATER B. SUGAR C6H12O6

C. HYDROGEN D. WATER E. SAND AT THE BEACH G. HELIUM

6. 2 statements from Dalton’s atomic theory

7. What phase change is involved in boiling pt.

8. A chemical change always involves what?