master of urban regeneration dissertation

THESIS REPORT

ON

Posters, banners and billboards as a Visual Pollution

Master of Architecture Urban Regeneration

First Semester 2017-2018

Submitted by Samiullah Chand

Guided by

Ar. Somi Chatterjee

FACULTY OF ARCHITECTURE & EKISTICS JAMIA MILLIA ISLAMIA

NEW DELHI-110025 Faculty of Architecture & Ekistics,

Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi

Certificate

In the partial fulfilment of the Master of Architecture (Urban Regeneration) I- Sem degree

program, this is to certify that ‘Samiullah Chand has worked on the Dissertation

Report entitled ‘Posters, banners and billboards as a Visual Pollution’ under my

guidance and supervision.

Ar Somi Chatterjee Ar. Iqtedar Alam Dissertation Guide Course Co-ordinator

Prof. S.M. Akhtar Dr. Hina Zia Head of Department Dean External Examiner 1

External Examiner 2

Declaration

I, Samiullah Chand, hereby declare that the Dissertation entitled ‘Posters, banners and

billboards as a Visual Pollution’ submitted in the partial fulfilment of the requirement

for the award of the degree of Master of Architecture (Urban Regeneration) I- Sem is my

original research work and that the information taken from secondary sources is given

due citations and references.

Samiullah Chand

Date: 30/11/2018 M.Arch (Urban Regeneration) I- Sem

Place: New Delhi

2017-18

Acknowledgement

O God, I would at the outset, like to express my deepest sense of gratitude indebtedness towards my parents for making me who I am today. I would like to thanks the undying support of my friends and teachers.

It is matter of great honour to express my heartfelt gratitude to all the people whose participatory efforts have contributed in the completion of this report. I would like to thanks my guide Ar. Somi Chatterjee, for her valuable guidance, patient hearing and professional approach were largely responsible for the finalisation of this dissertation. I would like to thank Ar.Iqtedar Alam, Ar. Arshiya I Ahmad, and Ar. Sana Zahra for valuable advice and practical guidance. I would indispensably mention immense gratefulness to Mohd faizan, Tanveer Alam to help me with my research and implementation would also like to thank to my class meet for their encouragement in a number of ways.

Samiullah Chand

Samiullah Chand | 2017-2018 i | P a g e

Table of Contents Posters, banners and billboards as a Visual Pollution ................................................................................. iv

Synopsis ....................................................................................................................................................... iv

Abstract .................................................................................................................................................... iv

Problem statement ................................................................................................................................... v

Relevance .................................................................................................................................................. v

Aim and Objective ..................................................................................................................................... v

Methodology ............................................................................................................................................ vi

Scope and Limitations ............................................................................................................................ viii

Part -1 ............................................................................................................................................................ 1

Chapter-1 ...................................................................................................................................................... 2

1.1 Introduction .................................................................................................................................. 2

1.2 Visual Pollution ............................................................................................................................. 2

1.3 Types of visual Pollution. .............................................................................................................. 3

1.4 Sources of Visual pollutions. ......................................................................................................... 4

Chapter-2 ...................................................................................................................................................... 5

2. Policies and Regulation ..................................................................................................................... 5

2.1 In Indian context ........................................................................................................................... 5

2.2 In Foreign countries. ..................................................................................................................... 5

Chapter-3 ...................................................................................................................................................... 7

3.1 Visual Pollution and its impact on community. ............................................................................ 7

3.2 Transformation of street Characters in the poster banners uneven displaying area. .................. 7

3.3 Role of poster and banners in degeneration of city personalities. ............................................... 8

3.4 Pollution free environment ........................................................................................................... 8

3.5 Menace due to visual pollution. ....................................................................................................... 11

Chapter-4 .................................................................................................................................................... 12

4.1 Theories and literature study related to Visual pollutions. .............................................................. 12

4.2 Impact of poster and banners on Human psychology. ..................................................................... 13

Part -2 .......................................................................................................................................................... 14

Site Study .................................................................................................................................................... 15

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5.1 Site Observations .............................................................................................................................. 16

5.2 Questionnaire ................................................................................................................................... 21

5.3 Psychology of Workers and impact on economic profile of workers ......................................... 22

6. Conclusion ........................................................................................................................................... 23

7. References .......................................................................................................................................... 24

7.1 Bibliography .................................................................................................................................... 25

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LIST OF FIGURE

FIGURE 1LANDUSE LBZ ........................................................................................................................................................ 9

FIGURE 2 EACH ELEMENT OF ROAD ARE ARRANGE ONLY INFORMATION SIGNAGE DISPLAYED ............................................................. 10

FIGURE 3 LUST GREEN OF LBZ ............................................................................................................................................. 10

FIGURE 4 RE-DEVELOPMENT PLAN FOR THE LUTYENS BUNGALOW ZONE, FOR THE MINISTRY OF URBAN ........................................... 11

FIGURE 5 CONCEPT OF AUTHOR WITH VISIBILITY..................................................................................................................... 13

FIGURE 6 DISTRIC OF NCT ................................................................................................................................................. 15

FIGURE 7 BATLA HOUSE SITE STUDY AREA ............................................................................................................................. 15

FIGURE 8 SITE SURVEY ....................................................................................................................................................... 16

FIGURE 9 POLLUTANT CONTACT WITH VISUAL POLLTION IN BATLA HOUSE ................................................................................... 17

FIGURE 10 UNPLANNED STREETS ......................................................................................................................................... 18

FIGURE 11 BUS STOP COVER WITH POSTER AND SICKER ............................................................................................................ 18

FIGURE 12 NEWLY CONSTRUCTED GRAVEYARD BOUNDARY DEFACED BY POSTERS .......................................................................... 19

FIGURE 13 METRO PILLAR COVERED WITH POLITICAL AND SOCIAL WORKERS POSTERS ..................................................................... 20

FIGURE 14 STREET AND DIVIDERS LOOKING UGLY WITH POSETER ................................................................................................ 20

FIGURE 15 SURVEY QUESTION RESPONDS .............................................................................................................................. 21

FIGURE 16 LOCATION OF SCREENING OF POSTER AND BILLBOARDS ............................................................................................. 22

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Posters, banners and billboards as a Visual Pollution

Synopsis Abstract

Visual pollution is more poisonous than any other pollution become it kills the soul.

(Friedenseich Hundetwasser)

Visual pollution is the first impression of a community. Which is constructed with natural and manmade

surrounding that energize an individuals with respects to visually pleasant towards aesthetical value of

community. In recent time visual pollution is hidden effect on all organism form long time. It is form with

uneven management, excess use of outdoor advertisements that is poster, banners, billboards, etc. This

disturbs the civic sense of an individual’s towards aesthetics, and economic health of visually pleasant

environments. Pollution of earth, water and air of physical as well as chemically in rural and urban

environment has received considerable attentions in commissioned studies as well as non-commissioned

studies in both developed and developing worlds. This dissertation studies ways by which posters and

billboards have adversely impact on urban and rural atmosphere. This study cover Batla House, Jamia

Nagar, New Delhi. This area serve as socio-economic, cultural, educational and political aspects of

societies in Delhi. In Delhi most of the colonies or residential area are full of visual pollutants with irregular

arrangements of billboards, poster on decorated wall, garbage heaps, ruins buildings and so on. The

studying site condition are compare with different location of Delhi which is free from visual pollution that is

Connaught place and Lutyens Bungalow Zone. These area are full of green garden and open space to

enjoy visual seen, stress free environment with respect to visual pollution. This study involve a theoretical

framework, aesthetical value, and economic health. Visual pollution not only in India it is Omni-present

which cover all over the world in developed nations have certain regulation to control over visual pollution.

The psychology of human being living in visually polluted environment form childhood have lost their sense

to understand the beauty or aesthetics of pleasant environments. This dissertation make some

recommendation to city management to protect the image of city and original sense of the built or natural

environments and protect the peace in enjoying seen.

Key words: posters, banners, hording, billboards, visual pollution, negative impact, image.

https://www.google.co.in/search?q=imagibility&rlz=1C1CHBF_enIN760IN760&tbm=isch&tbo=u&source=univ&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiNhZm0seDWAhXFs48KHcCADKMQsAQIRg

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Problem statement

Visual pollution is one of the challenge for the developing countries of the world as well as in India. The

poster and banners play negative impact in built-up environment no space for these type of activity in habitat

areas. In our societies lack of awareness among the people of in respect of visual aesthetics of built/unbuilt

space. The constituents materials which used to made of banners, posters and hoardings are hazardous

for the health of flora and fauna in the living environment. It’s derogate the economic health of our cities

and ruins the image of the cities. So that need to find solution to protect from visual pollution.

Relevance

Every individual have right to live in pollution-free environment and enjoying the scenic beauty of landscape.

It is important to preserve the aesthetics and ethical value in order to protect the image of city. Due to

presence of pollutants in city in the form of poster, banners, billboards, and hoardings which degenerate

the quality of life. It is important to control over excess advertisements in the city. Controlling over

advertisements in the city used as a regeneration of city into a livable visual environment.

Aim and Objective

Studying the negative impact of banners, posters, hording, and billboards in Batla House

To find the relevant literature studies.

Definition of visual pollution

To study Type of visual pollution

To identify the components of Visual pollution.

To identify the major stakeholders involved in visual pollution.

To study the impact of visual pollution.

To identify health issues.

To study about human and environment relationship.

To study how Solid waste is generated.

To examine the human psychology with respect to posters and banners.

To study the behavior of inhabitant in polluted environment

To investigate the passers-by of polluted streets.

To study the attitude of workers for site selection.

To study the behavior of inhabitants in pollution free environment

To study the aesthetical value of built/unbuilt environment with their architectural characteristics.

To study the character of pleasant environment.

To study the laws implemented and their result in our country and around the world.

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Methodology

Task Sub-task Methods Output

LITERATUR

E STUDY:

Study of

Visual

pollution

1. Study the visual pollution and

its composition

2. Statics of visual pollution

generation in Delhi

3. Handing and displaying

activities

4. Rules ,policies , and law

related to defacement of

property

Books

Internet

Research papers

Journals, articles and

documentaries relevant for

achieving the task

The above references will help

in achieving a better

understanding of the Visual

pollution and associated rules

and regulations made for visual

pollution controls.

It will help in framing the

scope of the research

paper, Statically date,

polices and laws of

pollution can help in

analysing present

scenario.

Study the

different

components

of visual

pollution and

their impact

on Society

1. Study the different

occasion of displaying

2. Targeted locations for

displaying

3. Beneficiating sectors from

these activities.

Site survey

Interviewing

Photography

Sketch

Flow chart / flow chain

of taking place can be

achieved

Sequence of activities

and their type can be

categorised.

A pie chart or graphical

representation of the

economic conditions of

different stake holders

shall be achieved.

Study the

visual

phycology

and health

with respect

of Poster and

banners.

1. Study living population of

the site

2. Study the age group of

workers.

3. Study the sectors involved

with visual pollution.

Survey to be conducted to find

out the number of people

engaged in displaying and

hanging on site.

This will help in

analyzing the impact of

poster, banners on

social and economic

structure of the site.

Study the

impact of

Poster and

banners on

settlements

1. Study types of pollution

caused by poster and banners

on site.

Interview and collection of

data from space user.

Site study

This will help in


poster and banners on

the image of area.

Samiullah Chand | 2017-2018 vii | P a g e

and

surrounding.

2. Change in space use and

degeneration of that area due

to excess use of it.

3. Street character of the site.

4. Transformation of space with

displaying and hanging.

Photographs of site

conditions to support the

research documents

Qualitative and quantitative

survey of drivers of existing

scenario.

Qualitative Survey of the

local people


Survey to be conducted in

the commercial areas as

well as residential areas to

study the impact.

Study the

impact of

Poster and

banners on

settlements

and

surrounding.

5. Study types of pollution

caused by poster and banners

on site.

6. Change in space use and

degeneration of that area due

to excess use of it.

7. Street character of the site.

8. Transformation of space with

displaying and hanging.

Interview and collection of

data from space user.

Site study

Photographs of site

conditions to support the

research documents


survey of drivers of existing

scenario.

Qualitative Survey of the

local people


Survey to be conducted in

the commercial areas as

well as residential areas to

study the impact.

This will help in


poster and banners on

the image of area.

Study the

Site

SITE SELECTION CRITERIA:

1. Understand the conditions of

the place

3. Interview of the people and

stakeholders.

4. Survey

Location analysis – in the

context of polluted areas.

Site analysis – a detailed

survey of the place chosen

for research.

Graphical

representation of the

area selected for the

study and analysis

based on the no of

people /stake holders

involved in the polluting

the area.

Samiullah Chand | 2017-2018 viii | P a g e

Study

Comparisons

1. To understand the effects

of the pleasant and

pleasant way of pollution

handling and their impacts.

Detailed comparative study of

two location.

Identify the impacts of

visual pollution.

Scope and Limitations

Measure to develop or protect visual environment are effectively implemented throughout the state to

achieve or improve the standard of life and regenerate the city character as an image of the city. Visual

pollution controlled area developed the economic environment and contributing positive responsibility of

the people towards their city. Enhance the ability of an individual’s to enjoy the natural environments with

positive scenes and come out from environmental stress and live in healthy environment.

The major part of the Delhi visually polluted. The study will focus on the poster, banners, and billboards as

a visual pollution in Batla House. There is number of pollution with respect to environment, air, water, earth,

etc. on earth. Visual pollution also associated with light, color and vandalism.

Master of Urban Regeneration Dissertation Posters, banners and billboards as a Visual Pollution

Samiullah Chand | 2017-2018 1 | P a g e

Part -1



Chapter-1 1.1 Introduction

When we look around the initial impression of any environment is the visual environment. Number of things

construct visual environments Visual pollution effecting entire living organism with the quality life of a

community, reduce aesthetics appeal, and social success. It increase a psychological issue and affect the

neighbouring residential with mental and physical health. The irregular formation, unorganised dumping of

litter, billboards, cable, wires, worn out building, heap construction materials, graffiti, etc., that’s effect the

power of enjoying vista or seen,

Batla House in one of the residential and intuitional area of South Delhi It is situated at the bank of Yamuna

River. It is home to a large Muslim community. The inhabitants from Bihar, Uttar Pradesh are mostly in

search of employment and education. It is also habitants of the students of Jamia Millia Islamia live as

tenants. Batla house is an Industrial Estate of Okhla, an extension of residential area which includes Abul

Fazal Enclave, Zakir Nagar, Batla House, Jogabai and Jogabai Extension, Okhla Head, Jamia Nagar,

Shaheen Bagh, Okhla Vihar, Johri Farm, Noor Nagar, Gaffar Manzil etc. with population of 1918801. The

presence of high density its turn it Okhla Vidhan Sabha its play an important role in every election due to

Muslim domination set of Delhi election. The political and social activities produce large amount of

advertisement in the form of poster, banner, and hording in Batla House is highly responsible for visual

pollution. In this way Batla House is one of the visually polluted area in Delhi Metropolitan.

Pollute comes from the Latin word pollute-, meaning “soiled.” When you pollute something, it's soiled or

contaminated, often by something poisonous. You might have heard the word pollution — pollution is the

stuff that pollutes the environment. The word pollute used more symbolically to describe something that

manipulate or degrades.

1.2 Visual Pollution

Visual pollution is an aesthetic subject and refers to the impacts of pollution that impair one's ability to enjoy

the natural and manmade landscape. The unorganised presence creates irritation, aesthetics appeals of

community declines and psychological health bound to be disturb. Visual pollution are struggle come under

in the form of advertisements which is great issue for entire worlds. This is directly attract on general health

hazards like asthma, diarrhoea, etc. Solid waste cause infections to animals in environments, driver’s

problems, loss of traffic signal by dazzling billboards, health issue cause by magnetic fields with open cables

and creates shorts circuits. Anything which impede with the “pretty scenes “and others defacement which

is one of the reason of visual pollution that is counted as origin, garbage dump within unregulated area,

running wire, pole, in uneven way, poster banners, ruins buildings. The sense of human being get

transformed on displaying of pollutants for long time. The critics on against outdoors advertisements

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East_Bengal

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Okhla_Vihar



become prints add in news articles ignored by turning page, adds on television ignored by changing channel

but the billboards on street or roadside display are struggle in ignoring while passing through. Visual defines

as figurative means any things which anger and disgust. That show that all living organism are directly or

indirectly affected by visual pollution.

1.3 Types of visual Pollution.

Visual clutter and visual blight are two types of visual pollution. Visual blights counted as dust and microns

on highly congested street which play role towards missing objects in soundings. Visual clutter counted as

billboards, electric lines, pole, ruins buildings etc Numbers of cause responsible for visual pollution are

administrative negligence, excess advertisement, vandalism, unregulated articles in public spaces it

unknown to displaying, ruins building with unknown owners. All cities are adopted same kind of visual

pollutions it destroyed the uniqueness of the place it homogenization of the community.

Visual clutter are the physical elements which attacks the nerves in such a way that it can has a tragic

effect. The reflections of these blights are random and could attack any parts of human psychology. One

of most concerned care in this is when a person serving 8-10 hours of day in office comes back to home

and counter by these clutter, because it can have very dangerous effect on his mental health. The clutter

are mostly situated on poles, buildings fences, chowk, and streets, which are the common ways to pass by

and hence these elements cannot be avoided as they are Omni-present. Even poster and banner are

change after a time being, the unorganized electric poles, cables, wires are also remain constant they

effects very badly.

Visual blight are the invisible particles which are also responsible for visual pollution they are in the form of

micro-organism, tiny dust particles, sound and lights are common to most of the surroundings. If opening

of the house in street, then the dust particles would enter inside and cause visual pollution. Even the market

and public places are affected. A part from human being the flora and fauna are also affected because of

excessive sound, birds migrates, and due to light sensibility flora effect in the flower blooming and fruit

maturity and alteration of reproductive time.

Graffiti is one of the form of visual pollution that make an individual’s nuisance that impede and spoils the

peace environment of local neighborhoods.



1.4 Sources of Visual pollutions.

Visual pollution on human being effected in two forms that is direct or in direct

Direct: - The effect being psychological and physiological.

Indirect: - It is in various form that is disturbance and roads accident.

The sources of visual pollutions 1.Administrative negligence, 2. Excessive advertisements.

Administrative negligence: - The local administrative lose control over new addition in built environment in

public space no defined space for displaying. Because of business interest and all architecture, cleanness,

space harmony in the urban chaos.

Excessive advertisements:-Everywhere suffocating not even in open space of park providing good quality

of visibility. The presence of posters, banner, billboards and are suffocating.

There poster and banners comes in form of paper, cloths, billboards are made up of iron, plastics, woods,

etc. From posters and banners large amount of papers and cloth waste generated in city which are not

removed after conveying message in the city. In respect to reduce the waste it increase day by day. Building

provide huge space for advertisement. First grade visual pollution contributed by billboards in all India.

It is produce on different occasion or section of year on congratulate political leaders birthdays ,

congratulate them on some minor achievement, during election, Social announcement, tutorial centres

session beginning, lunch of product, eateries opening, school admission, government announcement,

social awareness program etc.



Chapter-2 2. Policies and Regulation

Visual pollution is one of the Omni-present on earth in the form of physical advertisement. In the age of

commercialization to fulfil the greed and name. It cross the boundary of genuine requirement and out of

control certain policies and regulation form and achieve batter result in India and foreign countries.

2.1 In Indian context

Delhi master plan 2010 signifies. Delhi has number of diversity built form, color, scale and texture with a

heterogeneous end product from aesthetic point of view. Which can be identifying possible feature to

achieve conserving historic building, heritage zone to integrate visual identity of City. The integration of city

by planning to link different part of the city with tree plantation, linking open spaces and harmonious

treatment for major ecological features i.e. the Ridge and the River Yamuna constitute the visual urban

form.

Delhi defacement act includes impairing or interfering with the appearance beauty, damaging,

distinguishing, spoiling or injuring in any other way whatsoever, and the word "deface" shall be construed

accordingly; (a)"property" includes any building, hut, structure, wall, tree, fence, post, pole or any other

creation;(b)"Writing" including decoration, lettering, ornamentation, etc., produced by stencil. (c)Hording

and billboards only not allowed on highway.

Tamil Nadu government totally ban illegal hording in the six municipal of Chennai. Hording displaying for

community purpose only permitted for 3 day before the function and two days after. It should be

removed. In Uttar Pradesh large size of hording sever banned on highway. Spoiling of physical space

with posters and banners screening on public and private buit environment strictly ban.

2.2 In Foreign countries.

In Norway outdoor advertisement environment against pollution highly restricted. From outdoor

advertisement Beijing city struggling and Beijing Municipal administration commission release a notice to

shut down all illegal advertisement banners. If individuals and companies refuge will be charge fine up to

10,000 yen (US$ 1200). In some part of Beijing advertisement are strictly ban and some place certain

advertisement allowed. Outdoor advertisement are ban around Tian anmen square, zhonganhi- the

headquarter of the communist party of china and the state council Diaoyutai state guest house, foreign

embassy, government school, scenic sports, culture heritage site. Transport which cover with

advertisement will not allow to pass through Tian anmen square.

In USA The Highway Beautification Act 1965 say that certain size of billboards and defined space for

displaying or removing of nuisance sights. In 1969 out door advertisements totally restricted. Moscow to

reduce out door advertisements bring some restriction on size of panels by Moscow department of mass

media and advertisement to create a civilised environments. In japan there is strict rule for outdoor

advertisement ban on roof top to preserve the city sky line with context. In Clean city laws severe restrict



the outdoor advertisement on public building, public transports and strictly regulates on shops signage.

Brazil is one of the nation on earth which is lesson for other country. After the law implantation the cities of

Brazil become more beautiful and clean. The major success was achieve in Sao Paola, Rio de Jenario,

Porto Ale gre and Brazil.



Chapter-3 3.1 Visual Pollution and its impact on community.

Visual environment is an important part of communities as clean water In recent year there is increasing

use of poster and banners by politicians, religious bodies, tutorial centers, NGOs, are well as corporate

bodies to publicise their intention. Visually clutter area are generally gateways to our societies, roadways,

passes through commercial, tourist and economic area. Visual pollution obstruct our eye and effect on

whole living organism and destruct the economic health of city. Visual pollution one of the result in local

community which effect the enjoyment of a place and feeling existing space. Existing space design is out

of context or out of character is also lead to visual pollution. To maintain the regional identity and community

to retain their character need to move towards growth and development in character rather than making

ugly economical requirements and value auto based consumers to space built environments.

The actual image of a person gets latent in visually polluted spaces, we often come across a person who

is appealing to our eyes but once that some person comes to us with ugly ones then the identity of that

person would be diminished by those 4-5 ones. Hence the beautiful person represents the actual image of

the community and those 4-5 ugly human are representing the present scenario.

3.2 Transformation of street Characters in the poster banners uneven

displaying area.

Things change as time passes. So that little change through displaying and planning it in a positive way

instead of negative. Good planning and design treat as long time in conserving scenic beauty. A Street is

a public thoroughfare in a built environment. It is a community common open space adjoining edifices in

an urban context, on which people may freely assemble, interact, celebrate and move about. It is interface

of door step when an individual’s out from house first seen is residential street. The face of street well

decorator with art and architecture with touching contemporary and modern style. The service arrangement

are one of the challenge and ugly opportunities to increase the visual obstacles with pole, crossing electrical

wires form spider web and opaque the sky in street no one can see whole street from one end to other ends

of street. Advertisement leading member in transformation of street, banner hang within street with two

electric pole and balcony railing with one upon other remain till the date of spoil on same hanging position.

One not remover other hang upon old banners same things happening with hording in street. Upper part

disturb by banner and hording but the lower and plinth area cover by poster and stickers. With newer

construction the street character become dark and narrow with extending of balconies, Chajja, are covering

the street spaces, which in turn brings darkness in it. So the street are turn bring unsafe for kids and women.

People now days are deprived of sunlight which is so much important for healthy lifestyle. The reason can

be the greed of people as they think to grab the open spaces unknowingly that the coming generation would

live in darkness, play in darkness and gradually would not like coming to open spaces and parks.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thoroughfare

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Building

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urban_area



3.3 Role of poster and banners in degeneration of city personalities.

We live in a community based on image, the image represented by the characters of environment but now

days in ruin the economic health of our cities and personality. The real world change into simple image they

become real beings and effective motivations of a hypnotic behaviour. Visual pollution is one of the reason

of value degradation of assets and economic value of place in business centres. Visual pollution play

negative effect in our environment, damage the economic health of our cities and personality.

Advertisement panel are bad enough by themselves but the political organisation, religious bodies,

hoardings are worsen they display anywhere everywhere one upon another. Street view block by banner

and hording and street interface depleted by poster and stickers. Austrian architect (Friedrich Stowasser)

say that Visual pollution is more poisonous than any other pollution become it kills the soul. The soul of

human deactivated then everything tasteless and the city imagination get destruct and city behave like

mental ill and not functioning well.

Government is the body on which whole of the country relies. But the same government is very much

responsible for the visual pollution because of the banners and hoardings they displaying another most

appreciated body is religious which say cleanness is next to godliness but the scenario is completely

different. The religious body itself pollute the environment visually unknowing that their God is existing in

the environments.

Visual pollution is not somethings created by the illiterate people even the literate ones are responsible

such as tutorials centers, private clinics, and NGOs. During student union election Delhi University visually

polluted on a large scale, Institutional areas, neighborhood, streets are colored poster and banners they

don’t leave even the dustbins.

3.4 Pollution free environment

People re-energize themselves prefer to move a forest, gardens which are aesthetically and visually

peasants others than to move mall or walking along the road side. Most of the people want to live in green

area. Some community from poor section of the societies live in a decorated houses and make their

neighborhood beautiful with folk arts that makes visually pleasing their origin in a poor community which

play a happy and healthy maps makes the basic standards of lifestyle in locality. Healthy visual environment

enhance the values of those who live there, develop civic pride, economic health of the societies because

human being is a part of nature. In a beautiful environment with a peace nature and built forms is a dire

urge of our soul and health of psyche. Such environment encourage towards creativity and productivity.

Every individuals have different perception what is attractive things in environments based upon their

aesthetics sense experience and expectations.



The population of habitation and intensity of building in all areas of Lutyens Bungalow Zone has increased

substantially, thus highlighting the iniquitous nature of the very low density of habitation in this zone. Thus

treat the process of maintenance of the physical fabric; which includes the trees planted the underground

drainage and sewerage system, other services infrastructure like electricity distribution, water supply, and

telecommunications network. This zone is almost free from visual pollution all the infrastructure along the

road side are well arrange with their uses. The absence of major pollutant in Lutyens Bungalow Zone are

poster, banners, and billboards. The History of planning of Lutyens Bungalow Zone in the form of garden

city this character are now exist to re-energize the soul of an individual’s provide one of the visually pollution

free zone in Delhi. According to pia char the give percentage for recreational and public space 41c percent

of total area of Lutyens Bungalow zone which make it lush green area of Delhi and that make liveable

space.

36%

3%0%

34%

11%

2%

7%

7%

LAND USE

Residential Commercial Manufacturing

Recreational Transportation Utility

Governmental Public & Semi-public facilities

Figure 1landuse LBZ



Figure 2 each element of road are arrange only information signage displayed

Figure 3 Lust green of LBZ



Figure 4 Re-development Plan for the Lutyens Bungalow Zone, for the Ministry of Urban

3.5 Menace due to visual pollution.

Every visual pollution have some of the hazards such as Health hazards with community The residents

and animals alike, Electromagnetic waves related effects, Order pollution , Traffic congestion, Billboards

with attention of drivers and human psychology. The components of posters and banners are harmful

ingredients made up of papers, plastics, fibres, synthetic paints, and hazards chemicals. Plastics is non-

biodegradable on earth effect on environment and sewerage flow. Chemicals and synthetic paints dissolve

in the surface and ground water lead to health hazards for the street animals and birds. Animals eat the

poster and banners and birds drink chemicals dissolve liquid. These pollutants also generate solid waste

materials in community. The garbage hip in street or on road surrounding formation a cause of visual

pollution.



Chapter-4 4.1 Theories and literature study related to Visual pollutions.

Theorist of modern psychology state that identity is very special case which is peculiar to every individuals

and civilization that not come out itself but from it interaction with others that is exits in urban space with

similar visual clutter. The visual pollution play as Omni-present in vicinity in social and cultural institutions

as a temple, hospitals, school, university. This is a great threats which degenerates the quality of

environments in every sections of society.

Doctors explains the situation of negative visual effects as an increase in the release of adrenaline, which

raise the acidity of stomach and increase the heart beat this speed irritability. They also explain that positive

visual pollution influence like a sense of beauty which increase the release of Cortisone the body which

decrease the feeling of pain for those who suffer from rheumatic diseases.

The categorization of value is as follow:

Economic follow, legal values, political ethical value, historical value, aesthetics values, and religious

value in which economic, ethical, and aesthetic value that directly related to the marketing and impact

lead to visual pollution.

The excess consumption of resources that is paper inn large quantity the normal, light in whole night,

shopping addiction, excessive consumption of unhealthy foods leading to obesity, that begun to results an

individuals as economic and the life standards declines.

The famous Spanish philosopher, Ordegay Gasset (1883-1955), said, “The good part of my soul is the

gift of sights, if I had spent my lifetime in savagery of cities, now I would be more mild-mannered and

deeply thoughtful person. Tell me which sight/environment you want to live, I say who you are /what your

character is”, which, emphasizes the effects of the visual qualities of cities and the development and

changes in these cities on the people.

Stress is directly related to light frequency and variety of visual cortex of brain. Unconscious disturbance

of visual cortex can disguard the sleeping quality and performance. Continuous driving along polluted

corridor up to fourth five minutes gives considerable visual stress.



Many authors explain in his book about the promotion of beauty, vitality, quality of urban space and

subject matter.

4.2 Impact of poster and banners on Human psychology.

Social issues related to Visual pollutions.

The people have formed environment and environment form them in this cycle it is possible to trace the

transformation of societies with space and which integrate with them. Advertisements positively impacted

on some kinds of business such as press and workers who paste or hang it. It is recorded many business

required promotion by use to distribute their handbills and paste on strategic location. Instead of election

comparing, fast food restaurants, beauty salons coaching centres,

Behaviour of inhabitant in visually polluted environment.

The presence of hording, billboards on street or road side people feel insecure and some things

embarrassed to walk on street. The impact of visually polluted area is serious issue. It create disturbance,

loss of opinion and identity loss of sense of quality and attractive seen which lead towards bad quality of

life of residing area. A human being living in visually polluted area their aesthesis sense get lost and their

mind not growing towards decorative habits. This is one of the reason of chronic degeneration in the growing

life.

Figure 5 Concept of Author with Visibility



Part -2



Site Study Batla house is one of the major settlements of New Delhi. It is situated at the periphery of Okhla Industrials

estate and bank of Yamuna. This area has been growing upland way. It is a form of Ghettos. There is no

hierarchy of street, the street characters of Batla House is missing and whole of the Batla House is covered

with banners and hoardings. The literal meaning of street is a lane that is used for sidewalks but the scenario

is totally different street occupies banners, posters, hoardings, more than the people which create in return

create dark edges. The streets are uneven now days persists unorganized on the basis width, length,

opening, open to sky, etc. They usually form bottle necks, and blockage. Almost all the houses of Batla

house comprises of bikes, cars which leads to blocking the streets during the night hours as very less

houses have their private parking. Hence the characteristics of the street completely change during night.

Human being determine differently what is eye-catching about their atmosphere, based upon their own

aesthetic intelligences, prospects and practices. In built and natural worlds the visual environment is

fundamental to our daily experience. Batla House is densely populated area in Delhi capital territory of all

types of pollution is one such Visual pollution. It come out with excess advertisement in entire region of

Batla house.

Figure 6 Distric of NCT

Figure 7 Batla House Site study area



5.1 Site Observations

Survey:- Author study site is Batla House. The major streets of Batla House are covered under quantitive

survey namely Nafees Road, batla House Main Road, Sir Syed Road Sailing Club Road, Batla House

market and in context Moulana Jauhar Marg. During analysis the author found pollutants in the form of

hording, billboards, posters, banners, and stickers. In quantative survey with sample of 95. According to

survey the percent of hording 26%, poster 39%, banners 26%, hording 26%, billboards, 7%, stickers2%.

Apart from the pollutants mentioned above, Batla House also has electric poles, unorganized transports

system, advertisements on public transports, garbage hips, etc. as other pollutants the public transport

is also effected with the visual pollution. Banners and poster are screen on buses and e-rickshaw. Even

religious building are covered with banners and posters for example Khallilullah masjid, Al Noor Masjid,

Batla House jama Masjid and so on.

Figure 8 Site Survey



Author study the major street of Batla House and found that street are full of pollutants major source is

poster and hording etc. Its display on building walls, free standing pole, street corners, religious building,

community hall, boundary wall the percentage of pollutants in Balta house are as follow

Figure 9 Pollutant contact with visual polltion in Batla house

The poster, hording and banners are dominating pollutants materials on site which is major challenge in

this area. They are playing vital role for irritation all time in the form of distraction, eye fatigue, distraction,

decrease in opinion diversity, loss of identity. Distraction is defined in context of Batla House as a person

cannot see the open sky because of the narrow streets full of hording and banners. Eye fatigue is the

feeling of tiredness like if a person return back home after working for 8 hours, he would have fatigue in

vision. This can also effect a person psychology. Opinion diversity is defined on the sense loss which leads

to inability of selecting the things. Identity has been destroyed by residence of Batla House because of the

loss of structure of the building with clutter elements. This Return back this scenario present in each street

of Batla House. Nafis road, Sir Syed road and Batla House market are the major assemble of pollutants.

After the survey the analyzed that Batla House is one of the most visually polluted area of Delhi.



Figure 10 Unplanned Streets

Unplanned Street full of uneven arrangement of electric wire, cable, banners, posters. The banners are

hang in narrow streets, and poster past on the entrance of street. To attract the users. The uneven

arrangement of wire from web which leads to losing of vision and darkness over the street the character

of street also missing. The poster over the wall defaces wall, boundary, building wall.

Figure 11 Bus stop Cover with poster and sicker

Bus stop covered with poster and logs sticker this scenario more horrible for irritation to an individual’s

even the advertisement panel also covered with poster and banners. Every bus stop in this region are in

same status with pollutants. The public infrastructure have separate spaces to be used for advertisement

purposes still the people misuse them and perishes the infrastructure. Jamia Millia Islamia stand is a good

example of visual pollution.



Figure 12 Newly constructed graveyard Boundary defaced by posters

This scene come up with new construction of boundary wall in ugly view with pasting and screening. In

Batla House all the fence wall are covered with pollutants. Boundary of graveyard, university boundary,

marriage hall, community house, religious building.



Figure 13 Metro pillar covered with political and social workers posters

Metro pillar behave like a bulletin boards in this region. The beauty of continuous pillar has been

converted into eye irritation.

Figure 14 Street and dividers looking ugly with poseter



5.2 Questionnaire

These question used during site surveying:-

1. How do you like street?

a. Really like, b. like, c- neutral, d- don’t like, e- really don’t like

2. The advertisement martials make the appearance of the street are

a. Very beautiful, b. beautiful c. no importance d. ugly e. very ugly.

Responds from site survey question number 01. Thirds response in majority is no important. This survey

show that the population of Batla House mixed with environment. In this survey few percentage of

population respondent towards option A and B.

Figure 15 Survey question responds



2.3 Psychology of Workers and impact on economic profile of workers

It is one of the source of economy in lower income group is to work in paste or hang of a poster and banners

because it basically based on contract or target basic job. This job done mostly in mid night, due to fear of

land lord or stack holders. The worker select strategic location for screening the location are chowk, open

area boundary, street corner, bus stop, bust stand, street corner, for hording electric pole, billboards on

roof top.

Figure 16 Location of Screening of poster and billboards

In option A the screening of poster on crossing with wall not in whole of the streets. At B wall end of the

street, At C corner space use to paste, and D majorly narrow street use to hang banner.



6. Conclusion Batla House is one of the visually polluted region of Delhi in which all the entrance or exit of Batla House

Badly polluted by poster and banners. The newly constructed metro station and elevated pillar totally

covered by pollutants. Form Long time these activities carry on But the newly construction infrastructure

not even leave by these activities. These are the activities which one cannot ban completely because it is

one of the source of income for paper printer worker, displaying workers, and also easiest mode of

advertisement for low income business in local area. The low income organization also needs promotion

of product and announcement of event and lunch of commercial product that is beauty parlor,

restaurants, tutorials centers etc. Hence, for these activities need designate space for screening at every

interval of ten house, chowk, square, stand such space at Pehlawan Chowk, sailing chowk with Proper

infrastructure. Visual pollution minimizes with traffic management, street beautification and

implementation of proper bye-laws. Batla House comes under Delhi government and hence need to

improvement in the given policies for regulating the outdoor advertisement such as fixed time period for

screening and removing of advertisements. Taking grant permission before screening should be

mandatory. Security money deposit at the time of permission for displaying advertisement. In The norms

of election commission of India require some of the improvement regarding election campaign with flag,

poster and banners defined certain time for screening and removing with security money deposit.



7. References Norway, Pollution Control Act, Act of 13 March 1981 No.6 Concerning Protection against Pollution and

Concerning Waste Available at:

http://www.ptil.no/getfile.php/135311/Regelverket/Forurensingsloven_e.pdf [accessed on 28 Oct 2017]

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The Federal Highway Beautification Act of 1965 available at: http://www.sierraclub.org/policy/pollution-

waste-management/visual-pollution[accessed on 22 Oct 2017]

Moscow Department of Mass Media and Advertisement available at: http://russia-

ic.com/news/show/14590 [accessed on 15 oct 2017]

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2017]

This report is publicly available on the NYC Global Partners’ Innovation Exchange website

www.nyc.gov/globalpartners/innovationexchange, Brazil Available at:

https://www1.nyc.gov/assets/globalpartners/downloads/pdf/Sao%20Paulo_CleanCityAct.pdf[accessed on

20 sep 2017]

Delhi Master Plan 20121 [online] Available at:

https://dda.org.in/ddanew/pdf/Planning/reprint%20mpd2021.pdf [Accessed 31 Oct 2017].

The Delhi Prevention of Defacement of Property Act, 2007(Delhi Act 1 of 2009) Available at:

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