manufacturing unit 4, lesson 2 materials and processes presentation 4.2.1 © 2011 international...

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Manufacturing Unit 4, Lesson 2 Materials and Processes Presentation 4.2.1 © 2011 International Technology and Engineering Educators Association, STEMCenter for Teaching and Learning™ Foundations of Technology

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Page 1: Manufacturing Unit 4, Lesson 2 Materials and Processes Presentation 4.2.1 © 2011 International Technology and Engineering Educators Association, STEM

Manufacturing

Unit 4, Lesson 2Materials and Processes

Presentation 4.2.1

© 2011 International Technology and Engineering Educators Association, STEMCenter for Teaching and Learning™ Foundations of Technology

Page 2: Manufacturing Unit 4, Lesson 2 Materials and Processes Presentation 4.2.1 © 2011 International Technology and Engineering Educators Association, STEM

The Unit Big Idea

The designed world is the product of a design process, which provides

ways to turn resources - materials, tools and machines, people,

information, energy, capital, and time - into products and services.

© 2011 International Technology and Engineering Educators Association, STEMCenter for Teaching and Learning™ Foundations of Technology

Page 3: Manufacturing Unit 4, Lesson 2 Materials and Processes Presentation 4.2.1 © 2011 International Technology and Engineering Educators Association, STEM

The Lesson Big Idea

Manufacturing technologies produce quality goods at low prices, and apply the properties of materials

to ensure the desired function of a product.

© 2011 International Technology and Engineering Educators Association, STEMCenter for Teaching and Learning™ Foundations of Technology

Page 4: Manufacturing Unit 4, Lesson 2 Materials and Processes Presentation 4.2.1 © 2011 International Technology and Engineering Educators Association, STEM

Material Properties

The physical properties of the material are a basic reason for selecting the material

The performance of a product requires various behaviors and types of properties. Example, a material could have

particularly desirable electrical conductivity properties and perform poorly in maximum strength.

© 2011 International Technology and Engineering Educators Association, STEMCenter for Teaching and Learning™ Foundations of Technology

Page 5: Manufacturing Unit 4, Lesson 2 Materials and Processes Presentation 4.2.1 © 2011 International Technology and Engineering Educators Association, STEM

Material Properties

Often a compromise/trade-off among the needed properties must be made To be consistent with the processing

selected And the structural state desired or

possible.

© 2011 International Technology and Engineering Educators Association, STEMCenter for Teaching and Learning™ Foundations of Technology

Page 6: Manufacturing Unit 4, Lesson 2 Materials and Processes Presentation 4.2.1 © 2011 International Technology and Engineering Educators Association, STEM

Categories of Materials

Materials can be categorized as the following: Metals Ceramics Plastics Semiconductors Composites

© 2011 International Technology and Engineering Educators Association, STEMCenter for Teaching and Learning™ Foundations of Technology

Page 7: Manufacturing Unit 4, Lesson 2 Materials and Processes Presentation 4.2.1 © 2011 International Technology and Engineering Educators Association, STEM

Metals

© 2011 International Technology and Engineering Educators Association, STEMCenter for Teaching and Learning™ Foundations of Technology

Materials that are normally combinations of metallic elements are known as alloys

Elements, when combined, have electrons that are non-localized, As a consequence, have generic types

of properties.

Page 8: Manufacturing Unit 4, Lesson 2 Materials and Processes Presentation 4.2.1 © 2011 International Technology and Engineering Educators Association, STEM

Metals

© 2011 International Technology and Engineering Educators Association, STEMCenter for Teaching and Learning™ Foundations of Technology

Metals are good conductors of heat and electricity.

Quite strong, but malleable Lustrous look when polished.

Examples: copper, aluminum, titanium

Page 9: Manufacturing Unit 4, Lesson 2 Materials and Processes Presentation 4.2.1 © 2011 International Technology and Engineering Educators Association, STEM

Ceramics

Compounds between metallic and nonmetallic elements

Include such compounds as oxides, nitrides, and carbides.

They are insulating and resistant to high temperatures and harsh environments. Examples: clay, tungsten carbide,

alumina, glass

© 2011 International Technology and Engineering Educators Association, STEMCenter for Teaching and Learning™ Foundations of Technology

Page 10: Manufacturing Unit 4, Lesson 2 Materials and Processes Presentation 4.2.1 © 2011 International Technology and Engineering Educators Association, STEM

Plastics & Polymers

Organic compounds based upon carbon and hydrogen.

Very large molecular structures. Low density, not stable at high

temperatures. Two types:

Thermoset (can be melted and shaped once) Thermoplastic (can be melted and reshaped) Examples: nylon, polystyrene, rubber

© 2011 International Technology and Engineering Educators Association, STEMCenter for Teaching and Learning™ Foundations of Technology

Page 11: Manufacturing Unit 4, Lesson 2 Materials and Processes Presentation 4.2.1 © 2011 International Technology and Engineering Educators Association, STEM

Semiconductors

Electrical properties intermediate between metallic conductors and ceramic insulators.

Electrical properties are strongly dependent upon small amounts of impurities. Examples: silicon,

germanium

© 2011 International Technology and Engineering Educators Association, STEMCenter for Teaching and Learning™ Foundations of Technology

Page 12: Manufacturing Unit 4, Lesson 2 Materials and Processes Presentation 4.2.1 © 2011 International Technology and Engineering Educators Association, STEM

Composites

Composites consist of more than one distinct material type. Examples: Fiberglass, a combination

of glass and a polymer, concrete, plywood

© 2011 International Technology and Engineering Educators Association, STEMCenter for Teaching and Learning™ Foundations of Technology

Page 13: Manufacturing Unit 4, Lesson 2 Materials and Processes Presentation 4.2.1 © 2011 International Technology and Engineering Educators Association, STEM

Reflection

Think about where you are sitting. What types of materials are surrounding you?

Is your computer, laptop, or cell phone made of more than one type of material?

© 2011 International Technology and Engineering Educators Association, STEMCenter for Teaching and Learning™ Foundations of Technology

Page 14: Manufacturing Unit 4, Lesson 2 Materials and Processes Presentation 4.2.1 © 2011 International Technology and Engineering Educators Association, STEM

Properties of Materials

Properties of Materials can be categorized: Mechanical Electrical Magnetic Optical and Dielectric Thermal

© 2011 International Technology and Engineering Educators Association, STEMCenter for Teaching and Learning™ Foundations of Technology

Page 15: Manufacturing Unit 4, Lesson 2 Materials and Processes Presentation 4.2.1 © 2011 International Technology and Engineering Educators Association, STEM

Mechanical Properties

Tensile strength: measuring of resistance to being pulled apart

Fracture toughness: the ability of a material containing a crack to resist fracture

Fatigue strength: ability of material to resist various kinds of rapidly changing stresses

Creep strength: ability of a metal to withstand a constant weight or force at elevated temperatures

Hardness: property of a material to resist permanent indentation

© 2011 International Technology and Engineering Educators Association, STEMCenter for Teaching and Learning™ Foundations of Technology

Page 16: Manufacturing Unit 4, Lesson 2 Materials and Processes Presentation 4.2.1 © 2011 International Technology and Engineering Educators Association, STEM

Electrical Properties

Conductivity: measure of how well a material accommodates the movement of an electric charge

Resistivity: opposition of a material to the flow of electrical current

© 2011 International Technology and Engineering Educators Association, STEMCenter for Teaching and Learning™ Foundations of Technology

Page 17: Manufacturing Unit 4, Lesson 2 Materials and Processes Presentation 4.2.1 © 2011 International Technology and Engineering Educators Association, STEM

Magnetic Properties

Magnetic susceptibility : ratio of magnetization (M) to magnetic field (H)

Curie temperature : temperature at which a material will lose magnetism

Saturation magnetization: state reached when an increase in applied external magnetizing field H cannot increase the magnetization of the material further

© 2011 International Technology and Engineering Educators Association, STEMCenter for Teaching and Learning™ Foundations of Technology

Page 18: Manufacturing Unit 4, Lesson 2 Materials and Processes Presentation 4.2.1 © 2011 International Technology and Engineering Educators Association, STEM

Thermal Properties

Coefficient of thermal expansion: how much a material will expand for each degree of temperature increase

Heat capacity: amount of heat required to change a material’s temperature by a given amount

Thermal conductivity: indicates a material’s ability to conduct heat

© 2011 International Technology and Engineering Educators Association, STEMCenter for Teaching and Learning™ Foundations of Technology

Page 19: Manufacturing Unit 4, Lesson 2 Materials and Processes Presentation 4.2.1 © 2011 International Technology and Engineering Educators Association, STEM

Manufacturing

How do we apply the properties of materials?

Engineers use the material properties to select appropriate materials for product production.

© 2011 International Technology and Engineering Educators Association, STEMCenter for Teaching and Learning™ Foundations of Technology

Page 20: Manufacturing Unit 4, Lesson 2 Materials and Processes Presentation 4.2.1 © 2011 International Technology and Engineering Educators Association, STEM

Manufacturing Processes

Primary processes Turn raw materials into standard stock

(timber cut into boards) Secondary processes

Turn standard stock into finish products (boards turned into furniture)

© 2011 International Technology and Engineering Educators Association, STEMCenter for Teaching and Learning™ Foundations of Technology

Page 21: Manufacturing Unit 4, Lesson 2 Materials and Processes Presentation 4.2.1 © 2011 International Technology and Engineering Educators Association, STEM

Manufacturing Types

Final manufactured Products can be one of three types: Custom Batch Continuous

© 2011 International Technology and Engineering Educators Association, STEMCenter for Teaching and Learning™ Foundations of Technology

Page 22: Manufacturing Unit 4, Lesson 2 Materials and Processes Presentation 4.2.1 © 2011 International Technology and Engineering Educators Association, STEM

Custom Manufacturing

One of kind item made by a specialist Product examples: yacht, clothing,

purse

© 2011 International Technology and Engineering Educators Association, STEMCenter for Teaching and Learning™ Foundations of Technology

Page 23: Manufacturing Unit 4, Lesson 2 Materials and Processes Presentation 4.2.1 © 2011 International Technology and Engineering Educators Association, STEM

Batch Manufacturing

Products are made in batches. The components of a product are

completed at a workstation before they move to the next one. Product Examples:

bakery items, paints, special edition shoes

© 2011 International Technology and Engineering Educators Association, STEMCenter for Teaching and Learning™ Foundations of Technology

Page 24: Manufacturing Unit 4, Lesson 2 Materials and Processes Presentation 4.2.1 © 2011 International Technology and Engineering Educators Association, STEM

ContinuousManufacturing

Products are made with no interruption to the production line from the input to output. Product examples: cars, food

products, bricks

© 2011 International Technology and Engineering Educators Association, STEMCenter for Teaching and Learning™ Foundations of Technology

Page 25: Manufacturing Unit 4, Lesson 2 Materials and Processes Presentation 4.2.1 © 2011 International Technology and Engineering Educators Association, STEM

Interchangeable Parts

The invention of interchangeable parts in the 1700s innovated manufacturing.

Interchangeable parts are parts that are identical, meaning to replace the part, you do not have to make a custom piece. There is already one the same size.

© 2011 International Technology and Engineering Educators Association, STEMCenter for Teaching and Learning™ Foundations of Technology

Page 26: Manufacturing Unit 4, Lesson 2 Materials and Processes Presentation 4.2.1 © 2011 International Technology and Engineering Educators Association, STEM

Interchangeable Parts

The interchangeability of parts increased the effectiveness of all manufacturing processes. An example would be a windshield

wiper blade that can be used on multiple vehicle models.

© 2011 International Technology and Engineering Educators Association, STEMCenter for Teaching and Learning™ Foundations of Technology