86

MANAGEMENT OF ROOT AND COLLAR ROT OF SOYBEAN THROUGH BIO-CONTROLAGENT TRICHODERMA

S.S.Mane,S.W.Khodke, R.S. Ghawade and A.V.ShriraoDepartment of Plant Pathology

Dr.Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola (M.S.)

ABSTRACT

In the present investigation, the maximum reduction in collar & root rot was achieved i.e. 52.81and 44.10 % in soil application of Trichoderma @ 3 kg / 50 kg FYM /ha and seed treatment @ 4 g/kg + soilapplication @ 2 kg / ha respectively. The maximum yield was obtained due to seed treatment with Thiram+ Carbendazim +Trichoderma @ 3 + 1 + 4 g/Kg (14.75 q/ha.). The seed treatment with Trichoderma @ 4g + soilapplication @ 2kg/ha also recorded 14.33 q/ha grain, while it was at equal level of significance with soilapplication of Trichoderma @ 3 Kg /ha (13.94 q /ha). Dual application i.e. seed treatment and soil application4g + 2 kg/ FYM and seed treatment with Thiram + Carbendazim + Trichoderma (3 + 1 + 4 kg) proved to beeffective in recording the higher grain yield with maximum diseases reduction. Seed treatment with Thiram+ Carbendazim + Trichoderma (3 +1 +4 g /kg) also recorded ICBR 1:31 with maximum net return i.e. Rs.3905/ha followed by seed treatment of Trichoderma @ 4 g/kg + 50 kg FYM /ha. i.e. Rs.3278 / ha.

Keywords: Soybean, Root rot, Collar rot, Trichoderma, Thiram, Carbendazim, soil application

Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merill) belongs to familyleguminocease. It is a unique crop of versatilenutritional attributes yielding both oil andprotein. It is called “Golden bean” of 21st century.Soybean ranks 1st among oil seed crop in theworld. It has less requirement of nitrogenousfertilizer, pesticide and easy for cultivation.Soybean believed to be originated from NorthCentral province of China and it is introducedin India in 1800 AD. Soybean is cultivated allover the world viz., United States of America,Brazil, Argentina and Russia. Among thesecountries USA occupied first rank in area as wellas production of soybean in the world.In India area under soybean increasedtremendously during 2007-08. The productivitywas 1070 kg/ha and area of 88.49 lakh hectareswith production of 94.73 lakh metric tones.Maharashtra had an area 26.51 lakh ha undersoybean in the year 2007-08 which produced32.37 lakh MT with productivity 1221 kg/ha .Though the average productivity of the crop 2394kg/ha, there is scope to increase it by use ofefficient strain of Bradyrhizobium japonicum andGood Agricultural Practices (GAP) for higher yieldand managing the diseases through biologicalmeans. Pant et al (2001) reported that seed andseedling rot complex of soybean causedpredominantly by Rhizoctonia solani, Sclerotiumrolfsii [Corticium rolfsii], Macrophomina phaseolinaand Fusarium spp. is a major limiting factors forproduction. It is very difficult to manage thesepathogens as they perpetuate in the form ofsclerotia, chlamydospores and saprophytically insoil.

MATERIAL AND METHODSThe experiment was conducted during the year2006 to 2009. The following treatments with thesusceptible variety TAMS -38 with plot size of

2.70 x 3.60 m2 and spacing 45x5 cm was tried inRBD. Mass multiplied inoculum of bothorganisms (Rhizoctonia and Sclerotium ) wasincorporated in experimental field before sowingand the CFU was maintained 30 X104 and 25 X104 for respective organisms in plots during theyears. The experiment was conducted at 3locations at Akola, Amaravati and Yavatmal withthe following treatment details.1. Seed Treatment (ST) with Trichoderma – 4 g/

kg2. Seed Treatment with Trichoderma – 6g/Kg3. Soil application (SA) of Trichoderma – 2kg/

50 kg of FYM/ha4. Soil application of Trichoderma – 3kg/50 kg

FYM/ha5. Seed Treatment with Trichoderma + Soil

application with Trichoderma (4g/kg + 2 kg / 50 kg FYM /ha.)

6. Seed Treatment with Thiram+ Carbendazim- (3 g + 1 g /kg.)

7. Seed Treatment with Thiram + Carbendazim+ Trichoderma (3 g +1g + 4g/kg of seed.)

8. Foliar application with insecticides(Triazophos 40 EC 0.04 % at initiation ofstemfly infestation.)

9. Control

RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONThe data from 3 locations at Akola, Amaravatiand Yavatmal in regard to root rot/ collar rotand grain yield of soybean was pooled andanalyzed (Table 1, 2 and 3). The seed pelleting,soil applications of bioagents and chemicals wereeffective in reducing the mortality caused dueto Rhizoctonia bataticola and Sclerotium rolfsii underepiphytotic condition. Maximum incidence of rootrot/ collar rot was recorded at Amaravati i.e.25.96 %, followed by Yavatmal 21.11 and Akola

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Tab

le 1

.Eff

ect

of f

ungi

cide

s /i

nsec

tici

des

/bio

agen

ts a

gain

st r

oot

rot

/ co

llar

rot

of s

oybe

an (

2005

- 2

009)

*Th

e da

ta g

iven

in

th

e ta

ble

is f

rom

th

e th

ree

loca

tion

s, i

.e.

Ako

la,

Am

arav

ati

and

Yava

tmal

. Th

e ex

peri

men

t w

asco

ndu

cted

at

thes

e th

ree

loca

tion

s fr

om t

he

year

200

5-09

(

)

S

quar

e R

oot

Tran

sfor

med

Val

ues

.

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88

Tab

le 2

. E

ffec

t of

fun

gici

des

/ins

ecti

cide

s /b

ioag

ents

aga

inst

roo

t ro

t /

colla

r ro

t of

soy

bean

gra

in y

ield

(20

05 -

2009

)

*Th

e da

ta g

iven

in t

he

tabl

e is

fro

m t

he

thre

e lo

cati

ons,

i.e.

Ako

la,

Am

arav

ati a

nd

Yava

tmal

. Th

e ex

peri

men

t w

as c

ondu

cted

at

thes

e th

ree

loca

tion

sfr

om t

he

year

200

5-09

i.e.

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89

Tab

le 3

. E

ffec

t of

fun

gici

des

/ins

ecti

cide

s /b

ioag

ents

aga

inst

roo

t ro

t /

colla

r ro

t of

soy

bean

and

IC

BR

Soy

bean

gra

in @

Rs.

11.5

5/K

g.Tr

icho

derm

a-

@ R

s.10

0/K

g, T

hir

am @

Rs.

25/1

00gm

, Car

ben

dazi

m @

Rs.

450/

Kg,

Tri

azop

hos

@ R

s.14

80/L

it.,

FYM

-@

Rs.

75/Q

l.

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18.25%.Treatment differences were significant (Table 3).Among all the treatments minimum mortalityand higher disease reduction was achieved insoil application of Trichoderma @ 3 kg +50 Kg FYM/ha ( 52.81% ) and seed treatment of Trichoderma@ 4 g + soil application @ 2 kg + 50 kg FYM /ha( 44.10% ) were found to be efficient and recorded8.56 and 10.14% lowest mortality. Thesetreatments were significantly superior to allother treatments. The soil application ofTrichoderma @ 2 kg + 50 kg FYM / ha (11.24) alsoachieved 38.04 % reduction in mortality followedby seed treatment with Thiram + Carbendazim +Trichoderma (3+1+4)/ g / kg (11.77%). The seedtreatment @ 4 g /kg (12.03 %) and seed treatment@ 6 g / kg (12.64%) were also effective againstroot rot/ collar rot and mortality reduction was12.03 and 12.64 % as against 21.78 % mortalityin control. The maximum reduction wasachieved i.e. 52.81 and 44.10 % in soil applicationof Trichoderma @ 3 kg / 50 kg FYM /ha and seedtreatment @ 4 g/kg + soil application @ 2 kg / harespectively.The pooled grain yield differences due to varioustreatment i.e. Seed treatment with bioagentschemicals and soil applications of bioagents weresignificant .Maximum yield was obtained due toseed treatment with Thiram + Carbendazim+Trichoderma @ 3 + 1 + 4 g/Kg ( 14.75 q/ha.).Seed treatment with Trichoderma @ 4g + Soilapplication @ 2kg/ha also recorded 14.33 q/hagrain, while it was at equal level of significancewith soil application of Trichoderma @ 3 Kg /ha.(13.94 q /ha.).Seed treatment with chemicalswas also efficient in reducing the mortality andrecorded 13.63 q/ha. grain yield. Seed treatmentsof Trichoderma alone @ 4 g and 6 g/ kg alsorecorded 13.63 q./ha. and 12.78 q./ha. grain yieldas against control (11.26 q./ha).Dual applicationi.e. seed treatment and soil application 4g + 2kg/ FYM and seed treatment with Thiram +Carbendazim + Trichoderma (3 + 1 + 4 kg) provedto be effective in producing the higher grain yield.Datta et al (2000) reported that combination offour different carriers along with Trichodermaharzianum as seed treatment was effectiveagainst Rhizoctonia solani causing soybean stemrot. Conidial suspension (1 x 108 conidia per ml)of the antagonist was used for seed treatment.Seed germination (%) and yield (g/plant) washigher in all treatments, irrespective of carrierand antagonist used. The highest germinationrate (85.33%) and yield (11.78 g/plant) and lowestdisease index (1.5) were obtained when seedswere treated with T. harzianum + methylcellulose.Seed treatment with sub-lethal doses of Thiram(0.05 and 0.01%) and T. harzianum showed lowerdisease index, higher germination and yield thanthe lethal dose (0.3%) alone. Das and Dutta(1999) reported the efficiency of Trichoderma

harzianum as a seed treatment along with 4different carrier and sub lethal doses of Thiramwas assessed against stem rot of soybeancaused by Rhizoctonia solani in sterilized soil inpot tests. The lowest disease index was observedwhen seeds were treated with T. harzianum +methyl cellulose with a significant increase indry weight of root and shoot and yield over theinoculated control. Sub lethal doses of Thiramwhen mixed with the antagonist as seedtreatment showed lower disease index than thelethal dose of Thiram alone.Seed treatment of bioagents alone requiredminimum amount and therefore, higher ICBRwas achieved in seed treatment of Trichoderma@ 4 g and 6 g /kg and recorded 1: 82 and 1: 38ratio. Seed treatment with Thiram + Carbendazim+ Trichoderma (3 +1 +4 g /kg) also recorded CBR1:31 with maximum net return i.e.3905 /hafollowed by Seed Treatment of Trichoderma @ 4g+ 2 kg +50 kg FYM / i.e. Rs.3278 / ha.Significant differences were obtained among thetreatments i.e. Seed treatment with chemicals,bioagents and soil application of Trichoderma inreducing the root rot /collar rot caused due toRhizoctonia bataticola and Sclerotium rolfsii.Theminimum mortality was achieved due to Seedtreatment with Thiram + Carbendazim+Trichoderma (3+1+3g /Kg) 4.46% with higherdisease reduction i.e. 69.71 %. This treatmentwas significantly superior to all other treatments.Seed treatment with Trichoderma @ 4g/kg andsoil application of Trichoderma @ 3Kg +50 Kg FYM/ha were also equally effective. Soil applicationwith Trichoderma 2 Kg/50 Kg FYM/ha (7.42) andSeed Treatment with Trichoderma + Soilapplication with Trichoderma 4 g +2 kg/50 kg FYM/ha. (7.43), recorded mortality reduction to theextent of 48.72 %. Gupta and Sharma (2009)reported that that seed treatment against theSclerotium rot of soybean, on average increasedfield emergence by 26.19%, reduced post-emergence mortality (POM) by 49.03% andenhanced seed yield by 23.00%. Seed treatmentwith Carboxin 37.5% + Thiram 37.5% @ 0.2% wasthe best. Seed treatment 50 days prior to sowingwas superior by increasing emergence, reducingPOM and enhancing seed yield with highmonetary returns and energy output.

LITERATURE CITEDDatta, P., B.C.Das and D.K. Hazarika, 2000:

Integrated management of soybean stemrot. J. of Biological Control. 14: 67-69

Das, B.C. and P. Dutta, 1999: Biologicalmanagement of stem rot of soybean causedby Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn. Journal ofAgricultural Science Society-of North EastIndia 12: 217-220.

Gupta, G.K. and S. K. Sharma, 2009: Influence,optimization, energy budgeting and

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monetary considerations of different timeintervals between fungicidal seed treatmentand sowing on Sclerotium blight of soybean.Crop Protection. 28 : 854 -858

Pant Rajeev., A. N. Mukhopadhyay and R. Pant,2001: Integrated management of seed andseedling rot complex of soybean. IndianPhytopath., 54: 346-350.

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