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COMPOSTINGA

Part Solution of MSW

LOKESH SAINIMtech I’st Semester

2015PCE5271

BIODEGRADABLE WASTE FOOD WASTE

2Annepu Kharvel Ranjith

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MSW generation in India

CPHEEO Manual on MSW, 2005

• Total Municipal Waste Generation 1,88,500 TPD (Annepu Kharvel Ranjith)

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Sources of ORGANIC Waste

GARDEN TRIMMINGS KITCHEN

HOTELS/RETRAURENT FRUIT/VEGITABLE MARKET

FIRST STEP TOWARDS COMPOSTING

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RESOURCE RECOVERY THROUGH WASTE PROCESSING

Biological Method

(COMPOSTING)

In India, Aerobic composting plants have been used to process upto 500 tons per day of waste

Aerobic Process:- Windrow Composting, Aerated static pile composting and in-vessel composting, vermi-culture etcAnaerobic Process:- Low-solids anaerobic digestion(wet process), high-solids aerobic digestion(Dry Process)

CPHEEO, Manual MSW

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??? IS COMPOSTING

Composting is an organized method of producing compost manure by adopting the natural Phenomenon. Compost is particularly useful as an organic manure which contains Plant Nutrients (Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium).

CPHEEO, Manual MSW

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AEROBIC COMPOSTING1)INDORE METHOD

•This method developed by A.Howard and Y.D.Yard.•Composting Material is filled in pits in alternative layers.•Material is turned at specific intervals .•First turn at 4 to 7 days.•Second turn after 5 to 10 days.

CPHEEO, Manual MSW

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2)WINDROW COMPOSTING

•Used, where higher ambient temperatures are available.•Refuse is kept in 20 Windrows(piles) size 3mX2mX1.5m.•Moisture content maintained at 60%.•Temp. increases in side pile. •After pile for turned for cooling and aeration to avoid anaerobic decomposition.•Each windrow is turned on 6th & 11th days to centre to destroy insects larvae and to provide aeration.•On 16th day windrows are broken and passed through screens of 25mm.

CPHEEO, Manual MSW

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Composting - windrow

CO2

O2Cool

Hot

Graphic credit: Tom Richard, Penn State University

Turning helps aeration and to move material from edge into hot center region

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Windrows Composting Sites

Natural Air Circulation in a Compost Windrow

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Processing – turned windrows

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ANAEROBIC METHODBANGALORE METHOD

•This method by L. N. Acharya (1939) at IISc Bangalore.•This method overcome many of the disadvantages of Indore method.•This is anaerobic method.•This method eliminates the necessity of turning up of the materials as composting is done in trenches.•Material is allowed to decompose for 4-6 months.

CPHEEO, Manual MSW

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AEROBIC(HOT COMPOSTING)

ANAEROBIC (COLD COMPOSTING)

FUELED BY OXYGEN & MOISTURE

FUELED BY BACTERIA & MOISTURE

TURNED WEEKLY NOT TURNED

LARGE(At least 1 cubic meter)

SMALL(Less than 1 cubic meter)

QUICKReady in 6 weeks

SLOWReady after 6 months

NEEDS SMALLER SPACE NEEDS LARGER SPACE

NO ODOUROUS GASES ODOUROUS GASES

CPHEEO, Manual MSW

FACTORS AFFECTING BIOLOGICAL COMPOSTING

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•ORGANISM:- Mesofilic or Thermofilic.•USE OF CULTURES:- Improves the Speed of Decomposing.•MOISTURES:- 50-60% for Aerobic and >60% for Anaerobic Composting.•TEMPERATURE:- 50-60 °C .•CARBON/NITROGEN(C/N) RATIO:- 26-31.•AERATION:- 1-2 cum/day/Kg of Volatile solids.•ADDITION OF SEWAGE AND SEWAGE SLUDGE:-To control the C/N Ratio.

CPHEEO, Manual MSW

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MECHANICAL COMPOSTING

Preferred where labour cost is high and limitation of spaceThe stabilization of waste takes 3- 6 days.The operation involved are

reception of refusesegregationshreddingstabilizationmarketing the humus

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Some other methods

VERMICOMPOSTING HEAP METHOD

•Slow Process•Used for small scale

•Can be Used Domestically

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SOME FACTS ABOUT COMPOSTING IN INDIA•INDIAN MSW HAS THE CAPACITY TO PRODUCE 4.3MT/YEAR OF COMPOST.•6-7% OF MSW IS CONVERTED INTO COMPOST•70 CITIES HAS COMPOSTING FACALITY TO TREAT MSW•22 NEW PROJECTS ARE IN PIPELINE•VERMI COMPOST PLANT CAN BE INSTALLED FOR CITIES <100TPD•CAPITAL INVESTMENT REQD. Rs 200,000/TON MSW •COMPOST SOLD Rs 2000-2200/TON•BIOGAS PRODUCTION 40KG/TON OF MSW•100-1000TPD CAPACITY PLANTS ARE AVAILABLE IN INDIA

Clean India Journal

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REFERENCES1. Manual on Solid Waste Management, CPHEEO, MOUD,

New Delhi.2. Annepu Kharvel Ranjith; Sustainable Solid Waste

Management in India, Columbia University.3. http://www.cleanindiajournal.com/composting_in_swm%e

2%80%93a_report/4. PPT from www.islide.org.

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Thank u …