logbook 2

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During this activity we were asked to construct the tallest tower out of one piece of balsa wood. Our group began disadvantaged as our balsa wood was cut too small so we were required to join three small pieces into one larger piece. Due to our added joints our structure became unstable and was not able to support itself. When forces are applied (even self weight) it causes the structure to deform and is unable to support itself.

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Constructing Environments Final Logbook Submission

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Page 1: Logbook 2

During  this  activity  we  were  asked  to  construct  the  tallest  tower  out  of  one  piece  of  balsa  wood.  Our  group  began  disadvantaged  as  our  balsa  wood  was  cut  too  small  so  we  were  required  to  join  three  small  pieces  into  one  larger  piece.  Due  to  our  added  joints  our  structure  became  unstable  and  was  not  able  to  support  itself.         When  forces  are  applied  

(even  self  weight)  it  causes  the  structure  to  deform  and  is  unable  to  support  itself.  

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           Queen  Elizabeth  Olympic  Park    • Cleaning  soil  onsite  is  a  alternative  way  to  remove  contaminated  soil  • Landscaping  was  the  key  driver,  the  notion  of  play  and  leisure  time.  It  is  a  productive  landscape,  not  just  pretty  to  look  at  • Cheap  ways  to  change  the  space  over  time  –  used  rubber  to  fill  in  a  space  while  it  was  being  used,  it  could  then  be  reused  in  another  form  

afterwards.  • The  main  space  had  eight  bridge  connected  to  it  • The  stadium  is  a  series  of  rings,  it  was  created  in  a  well  (an  amphitheater)  

it  was  a  very  simple  structure  • Transformation  and  change  over  time  • The  stadium  was  bolted  rather  than  welded  so  that  it  could  be  transformed  • During  the  event  the  aquatic  centre  had  wings  applied  to  it  to  add  seating  that  was  taken  away  and  dismantled  at  the  end  • It  required  a  pumping  station,  a  power  station  –  used  brick  to  contrast  against  the  light  other  materials.                    

Week  Three:  Lecture  

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Week  Three:  E-­‐Learning  Knowledge  Map  

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Week  Three:  Tutorial  

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Example  of  a  cantilever  (one  point  of  support)  

Example  of  a  tensile  structure  –  the  poles  that  are  creating  the  tension  are  held  in  the  ground  by  concrete  

Car  park  under  south  lawn.  Columns  created  to  ensure  tree  roots  are  not  interfered  with  

Example  of  both  an  expansion  joint  and  a  weep  hole  

When  this  building  was  built  it  did  not  allow  for  the  expansion  of  the  bricks.  An  expansion  joint  had  to  be  created  after  construction  

Cantilever  being  constructed  on  the  architecture  building  

Frame  structure.  The  frame  is  easily  visible.  

Looks  like  a  tensile  structure  but  is  actually  being  supported  at  the  base  by  beams.  

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 •  Project  architect:  working  closely  with  the  consultants  and  continue  to  work  with  the  client  •  Structural  engineer:  make  sure  the  building  all  works  -­‐  lights,  uv  •  Types  of  engineers:  mechanical,  hydraulics,  civil,  electrical  (power  points),  ESD,  structural  (the  skeleton)  •  Project  manager:  client  side  of  project  manager  –  represents  Melbourne  university  sports  for  privilion.  Makes  sure  client  is  happy  and  their  brief  is  fulfilled.  Appoint  the  technical  experts  that  will  design  and  build  the  final    

•  The  existing  building  meant  there  was  not  just  a  blank  canvas.  It  had  to  be  understood  and  respected  before  any  other  designs  could  be  thought  out.  •  Used  timber  for  the  vertical  and  steel  for  the  horizontal  –  a  hybrid    

•  The  basement  had  to  be  durable  (this  is  the  major  criteria)  –  used  concrete  as  this  will  stop  the  water  penetrating  through    

•  Everything  above  the  basement  is  made  out  of  light  weight  materials    •  Make  sure  the  design  is  visible  –  it  is  within  the  clients  budget  so  there  is  enough  money  to  fund  the  project  •  The  rushed  design  period  –  had  disgruntled  users  of  the  original  area  •  Delayed  by  council  because  of  the  heritage  listings  –  had  to  employ  a  heritage  architect  to  help  relieve  •  Had  to  reroute  power  cables  so  they  were  able  to  get  into  the  basement  –  had  to  apply  to  city  power  for  this    •  From  the  outset  the  architect  and  client  knew  that  they  were  not  doing  a  reproduction  •  Dealt  with  the  heritage  using  scale        

•  All  come  together  with  a  number  of  different  skills    

Week  Four:  Lecture  

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Week  Four:  E-­‐Learning  Knowledge  Map  

Week  Four:  Tutorial  

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Week  Four:  Tutorial  

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         Concrete  insitu  • A  cantilever  is  not  one  when  it  is  being  built  –  there  are  props  

underneath  • Retension  system  when    • Reinforcing  cages  –  lowered  into  the  hole  • Concrete  is  poured  –  reinforcement  still  sticking  out  the  top  • Put  reinforcing  in  top  –  tie  all  of  the  board  peam  together  • Concrete  poured  directly  from  concrete  truck  • It  can  then  be  exuvated  and  this  will  ensure  that  no  soil  will  fall  back  

in    

• They  will  then  pour  the  slab  –  concrete  slab  • They  use  suspended  formwork  to  create  the  slab  on  ground  floor    Concrete  pre  cast  • It  is  cast  down  flat  –  needs  lifting  tools  • Stacked  vertically  and  then  transported  to  the  site  • Precast  coloums  need  props  –  walls  need  at  least  two  props  • Need  to  make  a  connection  –  these  need  to  be  casted  into  the  

concrete      

     South  side  –  polished  white  concrete    Steel  • Steel  in  the  roof  • Main  structural  steel  holding  the  roof  up      Cantilever  • 12  metres  out  from  the  building  • the  structure  has  to  be  trinangulated    • you  have  to  wait  until  the  building  is  up  before  you  can  begin  the  

cantilever  • it  dropped  15mm    Hanging  studio  • It  is  light  weight  • The  framing  will  be  cladded  with  timber  and  ply  wood    Y  stairs  Structural  steel  truss    Glass  Arrives  on  site  Double  glazed

Week  Five:  Lecture  

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Week  Five:  E-­‐Learning  Knowledge  Map  

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Week  Five:  Tutorial    

We  began  by  building  the  basement  part  of  our  structure.  However,  we  made  the  mistake  of  including  the  walls  rather  than  just  the  structural  elements.  

We  then  learnt  from  our  mistakes  and  on  the  ground  floor  only  included  the  beams  and  columns  

We  ensured  that  the  different  height  levels  were  depicted,  as  seen  here  when  we  placed  a  beam  

We  did  not  completely  finish  but  we  included  the  major  beams  and  columns  and  even  within  the  basement  

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 Property  development  About  space  creation,  profits  made  and  lost,  capitalizing  on  opportunity  

- have  to  understand  the  market  à  who  you  are  aiming  the  land  at  - understand  planning  system  à  permits  and  regulations    

planning  system  is  full  of  politics  –  lot  of  negotiations      bates  smart    171  collins  street  façade  has  triangle  shape  –  fitting  for  the  backdrop  of  the  cathedral      understanding  the  rights  of  the  properties  around  à  heritage  buildings    35  spring  street  what  sort  of  utilization  250  apartments  dialogue  about  fabric  and  consideration  of  the  masonry  buildings  balance  interest  of  buyers  and  city,  flinders  lane      

Week  Six:  Lecture  

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Week  Six:  E-­‐Learning  Knowledge  Map  

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Week  Six:  Tutorial  

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INTERIM  A02  IN  CLASS  SUBMISSION    

23  Alfred  street,  Prahran    -­‐  Original  à  low  bearing  brick    -­‐  SHS  à  Columns  -­‐  End  plate  =  10  mm  -­‐  Fixed  column  to  concrete  -­‐  Variation  in  Brick  colour  =  pressed  brick    -­‐  Pad  footing  for  point  load    -­‐  Being  cleared  for  the  concrete  to  be  poured  -­‐  Screw  pile  à  screw  into  the  ground  and  transfer  the  load  -­‐  Used  LVL  for  floor  joists  

Cardigan  street,  Carlton    -­‐  Malthoid  à  waterproofing  material    -­‐  Nail  plate  for  posi  struts  -­‐  Steel  is  galvanized  -­‐  Softwood  has  been  used  for  the  timber  framing  -­‐  Joist  hanger  is  made  from  steel  -­‐  Laminated  plywood  –  LVL    -­‐  Strutafloor  

MY  SITE:  CARLTON    Feedback:  Make  sure  all  the  materials  used  are  included    -­‐  More  details  about  each  component  

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Week  Seven:  E-­‐Learning  Knowledge  Map  

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Week  Eight:  E-­‐Learning  Knowledge  Map  

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Week  Eight:  Tutorial  

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   This  is  an  actual  size  drawing  of  the  roofing  structure  from  the  oval  pavilion.  We  were  required  to  draw  an  actual  size  drawing  of  the  structural  elements  from  the  scaled  plans  we  had.  

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Week  Nine:  E-­‐Learning  Knowledge  Map  

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Week  Nine:  Tutorial  

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UC  beam  supporting  the  floor  above  –  three  layers  of  brick  above  (couple  of  tonnes)  

Scaffolding  required  when  there  is  a  drop  of  a  certain  height.  Opening  in  the  floor  require  a  scaffold  too.  

The  original  bricks  are  quite  rare  and  whenever  something  inside  is  demolished  they  are  saved  for  reuse  

The  original  insulation  is  rotting  so  it  is  being  replaced.  The  orange  wire  is  high  voltage  

The  finials  on  the  roof  are  being  installed.  Similar  to  the  ones  the  building  would  have  originally  had    

Cement  sheet  is  used  on  the  walls  with  metal  framing    

1880  Primary  School  Being  transformed  into  a  community  center  (library  at  the  back)  -­‐  Steel  frame  -­‐  Heritage  (heritage  act  1986)     -­‐  Heritage  vic  =  state  level     -­‐    Local  heritage  overlay  =  planning  à  street  scape    

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The  bathroom  is  set  down  to  allow  for  waterproof  and  tiles.    

Props:  each  panel  has  to  have  two  solid  connections  at  all  times.    

Piles:  they  are  another  12  metres  underground.  Has  a  cage  in  the  middle    

Display  suite.  This  is  due  to  the  apartments  being  sold  before  the  building  is  complete    

Precast  concrete  has  different  finishes  and  textures    

Back  propped  every  two  and  a  half  metres.  Needs  to  be  done  before  the  concrete  is  poured    

Medium  density  housing  -­‐  Public  Private  Partnership  -­‐  Precast  à  large  module  load  bearing  (bricks  are  small  module)  -­‐  Services:  NBN,  gas,  electricity,  lighting,  emergency  lighting,  fire  services,  split  system  air  conditioners    -­‐  Walls  between  apartments  are  precast  concrete  (fire  rating)  

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Week  Ten:  E-­‐Learning  Knowledge  Map  

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Construction  Workshop  

 In  the  construction  workshop  we  were  required  to  create  something  that  spanned  across  a  meter  using  already  selected  materials.  For  our  structure  we  decided  to  create  a  truss  to  help  support  the  weight  with  a  lining  as  well.  We  were  originally  going  to  test  it  laying  horizontally  flat  but  decided  in  the  end  to  test  is  standing  on  its  side.      When  the  structure  was  test  it  deflected  25  millimeters  and  a  320  kg  weight  was  applied  to  it  before  it  failed.    

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WEEK  3  Retaining  Wall:  A  wall  that  is  generally  used  in  basements  to  hold  the  earth  in  place.  Pad  Footing:  a  foundation  supporting  a  single  column.  Strip  footing:  A  foundation  supporting  a  number  of  columns  or  often  brick  walls.  Slab  on  ground:  a  foundation  is  laid  on  the  ground  without  anything  underneath.  Substructure:  a  foundation  that  supports  a  structure.    WEEK  4  Joist:  a  supporting  member  that  helps  support  either  the  floor  or  roof.  Span:  length  of  the  section  between  support  points.  Girder:  an  iron  or  steel  beam  used  in  the  frame  of  larger  buildings.  Spacing:  length  between  the  centre  of  one  supporting  member  to  another.    WEEK  5  Stud:  the  vertical  member  of  a  timber  frame.    Nogging:  horizontal  member  used  in  timber  framing  to  add  strength  

Lintel:  horizontal  support  that  is  placed  above  a  door  or  window  Axial  Load:  a  load  that  creates  a  force  parallel  to  the  structure.    Buckling:  the  point  where  the  structural  member  fails.  Seasoned  Timber:  dried  timber  with  a  reduced  moisture  level    WEEK  6  Rafter:  a  beam  member  within  the  roof  Purlin:  horizontal  beam  that  supports  the  rafters  Cantilever:  an  overhang  with  one  point  of  support  Portal  frame:  a  frame  consisting  of  two  vertical  members  that  are  connected  by  a  third  member  on  top.  Eave:    the  overhang  of  the  roof  Alloy:  two  or  more  metals  combined      Soffit:  the  underside  of  the  roof  Top  Chord:  the  beam  at  the  top  of  a  truss  system.    WEEK  7  Drip:  a  component  that  prevents  water  from  coming  into  contact  with  the  wall  below  it.  

Vapour  barrier:  damp  proofing  that  is  used  to  prevent  moisture  entering  the  structure.  Gutter:  a  component  used  to  catch  rainwater  and  carry  it  away.  Parapet:  a  wall  built  along  the  edge  of  the  roof  to  protect  the  structure  Down  pipe:  a  piece  of  pipe  that  connects  the  gutter  to  the  storm  water  Flashing:  used  in  cavities  to  catch  water  and  direct  it  through  the  weep  hole.    Insulation:  materials  used  to  line  structures  to  ensure  minimum  heat  loss    Sealant:  a  material  used  around  openings  to  ensure  it  will  not  let  water  through.    WEEK  8  Window  Sash:  the  frame  that  surrounds  and  holds  the  glass.  Deflection:  how  much  the  element  moves  when  a  load  is  applied  to  it.  Door  Furniture:  handles,  latches  Stress:  the  pressure  that  is  placed  onto  structural  elements.  Shear  Force:  opposing  forces  that  are  applied  to  an  element  at  the  same  time.      

Glossary  –  Key  Terms  

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WEEK  9  Sandwich  Panel:  two  aluminum  sheets  bound  to  a  core  that  is  made  from  another  material.  Bending:  when  a  structure  is  forced  into  a  curved  shape.  Skirting:  the  component  connected  at  the  base  of  a  wall.  Composite  Beam:  a  steel  beam,  which  is  connected  to  concrete,  that  is  above  it.    

Cornice:  the  component  connected  the  top  of  the  wall    WEEK  10  Shear  wall:  a  wall  consisting  of  braced  panels  to  resist  lateral  loads    Soft  Storey  building:  a  building  that  has  a  number  of  floors  with  open  spaces  Braced  Frame:  Structural  system  which  assists  in  resisting  lateral  forces.    

Defect:  something  that  should  not  be  there  Fascia:  a  sheet  material  that  covers  the  ends  of  a  number  of  fittings    Corrosion:  damage  that  occurs  in  metals  IEQ:  indoor  environmental  quality