listening strategies[1]

8/6/2019 Listening Strategies[1]

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It has 3 parts which contain 14 questions total

y Part 1 is composed of 4 short conversations followed

by one multiple choice question.y Part 2 is composed of 1 longer conversation followed

by 4 multiple choice quesrtions

y Part 3 is a lecture followed by 6 multiple choice

questions.


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Listening strategies are techniques oractivities that contribute directly to the

comprehension and recall of listeninginput. Listening strategies can beclassified by how the listener processes

the input.


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y Are listener based; the listener taps into backgroundknowledge of the topic, the situation or context, the type oftext, and the language. This background knowledgeactivates a set of expectations that help the listener to

interpret what is heard and anticipate what will come next.Top-down strategies include:

y listening for the main idea

y predicting

y drawing inferences

y summarizing


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These strategies are text based; the listener relieson the language in the message, that is, thecombination of sounds, words, and grammar that

creates meaning. Bottom-up strategies include:

y listening for specific details

y recognizing cognates

y recognizing word-order patterns


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yy

Figure outFigure out the purpose for listening.Activate background knowledgeof the topic in order to predict or anticipate content and identifyappropriate listening strategies.

yy Attend toAttend to the parts of the listening input that are relevant to theidentified purpose and ignore the rest. This selectivity enables studentsto focus on specific items in the input and reduces the amount ofinformation they have to hold in short-term memory in order to

recognize it.yy Select topSelect top--down and bottomdown and bottom--up strategiesup strategies that are appropriate to

the listening task and use them flexibly and interactively. Students'comprehension improves and their confidence increases when they usetop-down and bottom-up strategies simultaneously to constructmeaning.

yy Check comprehensionCheck comprehensionwhile listening and when the listening task isover. Monitoring comprehension helps students detect inconsistenciesand comprehension failures, directing them to use alternate strategies.


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yy Listen for the main idea.Listen for the main idea.

It is usually found at the beginning of the listening

passages, while the details are dispersed throughout thelecture. The main idea will give you understanding ofwhat the conversation/lecture is about. Then you maylisten for details.


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yy Learn to find how the ideas are presented in theLearn to find how the ideas are presented in the

listening passagelistening passage..Some of the main relations between ideas include

cause/effect, compare/contrast, and steps in a process.

yy LearnLearn to listen for signal wordsto listen for signal wordsThose words indicate different parts of the passage -

introduction, major steps, examples, conclusions, etc.


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yy Practice notePractice note--takingtaking

Note-taking is allowed during the third part of thelistening section. Effective note-taking may highlyimprove your students performance. It is almostimpossible to memorize all clues and details provided

in theL

istening section. Moreover, Ss can hear thepassages ONLYONCE. Therefore, to answer thequestions they have to rely on what they rememberfrom the passage and notes.


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y Focus on the main points and ideasy Concentrate on important wordsy In conversations identify the main problem/needy

Do not write down everything you heary Identify how the information is organizedy Organize your notes in some logical formyWrite clearlyy

Use abbreviations and symbols.


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y You can use the first syllable of the word and drop theothers: referencereference refref;

y You can omit the vowels from the words: peoplepeople ppl,ppl,problemproblem pblmpblm;

y You can use an apostrophe: admittedadmitted admdadmd;;


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y Amind map is an image centered diagram thatrepresents semantic or other connections betweenmajor ideas. For example, it can graphically illustratethe structure of a plant, the connections betweencertain major points, etc.


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Here is how you can take notes by using this method:Here is how you can take notes by using this method:

1. Write the topic in the center;

2. Each key word/phrase should be alone on its own line;

3. The lines should be connected to the main topic;

4. Organize the ideas by some hierarchy, numbers oroutlines.


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y http://www.itepexam.com/material/view/1

listening strategies[1]

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