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LISTENING COMPREHENSIONSTRATEGIES FOR EFL

STUDENTS

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LISTENING COMPREHENSION STRATEGIES

FOR ESL STUDENTS

We are going to present you important

considerations and tips to keep in mind when a

teacher prepares and plans listening

comprehension activities.

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Construct the listening activity around a contextualized task.

Contextualized listening activities approximate real-life tasks and

give the listener an idea of the type of information to expect and

what to do with it in advance of the actual listening.

Define the activity's instructional goal and type of response. Recognizing the goal(s) of listening comprehension in each

listening situation will help students select appropriate listening

strategies. Identification: Recognizing or discriminating specific aspects of the

message, such as sounds, categories of words, morphological

distinctions .

LISTENING COMPREHENSION STRATEGIES FOR

ESL STUDENTS

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Orientation: Determining the major facts about a message,such as topic, text type, setting

Main idea comprehension: Identifying the order or ideas.

Detailed comprehension: Identifying supporting details

Replication: Reproducing the message orally or in writing.

Check the level of difficulty of the listening text.

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LISTENING COMPREHENSION STRATEGIES

FOR ESL STUDENTS

3.-Does the text contain redundancy?

At lower levels of proficiency, listeners may find short, simplemessages easier to process, but students with higher proficiency benefit fromthe natural redundancy of the language.

4.- Does the text involve multiple individuals and objects? Are they clearlydifferentiated?

It is easier to understand a text with a doctor and a patient than onewith two doctors, and it is even easier if they are of the opposite sex. In otherwords, the more marked the differences, the easier the comprehension.

5.- Does the text offer visual support to aid in the interpretation of what thelisteners hear?

Visual aids such as maps, diagrams, pictures, or the images in avideo help contextualize the listening input and provide clues to meaning.

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How to work with listening comprehension activities?

New theories recommend teachers of EFL to work

listening comprehension activities following this three

stages:

1.- Before / Pre -listening period.

2.- While / During listening period.

3.- After / Consolidation listening period.

LISTENING COMPREHENSION

STRATEGIES FOR EFL STUDENTS

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Before / Pre -listening period.

Use these activities to prepare your students forthe topics and content they are going to listen to.

During pre-listening the teacher may: Assess students' background knowledge of the topic

and linguistic content of the text

Provide students with the background knowledgenecessary for their comprehension of the listening passage or activate the existing knowledge that thestudents have about the subject.

LISTENING COMPREHENSION STRATEGIES FOR EFL

STUDENTS

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LISTENING COMPREHENSION STRATEGIES

FOR ESL STUDENTS

Clarify any cultural information which may be necessaryto comprehend the passage.

Make students aware of the type of text they will be

listening to, the role they will play, and the purpose(s) forwhich they will be listening

Provide opportunities for group or collaborative work andfor background reading or class discussion activities.

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Examples of pre-listening activities:

Setting the context of the listening.

Generating interest in the topic. Activating current knowledge - what do you

know about?

Acquiring knowledge about a topic.

Providing knowledge input.

Activating vocabulary / language.

Predicting the content.

LISTENING COMPREHENSION STRATEGIES

FOR ESL STUDENTS

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While / During listening period.

These activities are related directly to the text, and students do them

during or immediately after the time they are listening.

Keep these points in mind when planning while-listening activities, wepresent you some tips for this:

1.- If students are about to complete a written task during or immediately after

listening, allow them to read through it before listening. Students need to devoteall their attention to the listening task. Be sure they understand the instructions forthe written task before listening begins so that they are not distracted by the needto figure out what to do.

2.- Keep writing to a minimum during listening. Remember that the primary goalis comprehension, not production.

LISTENING COMPREHENSION STRATEGIES

FOR ESL STUDENTS

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3.- Organize activities so that they guide listeners through the text.

Combine global activities such as getting the main idea, topic, and setting

with selective listening activities that focus on details of content and

form.

4.- Use questions to focus students' attention on the elements of the text

crucial to comprehension of the whole. Before the listening activity

begins, have students review questions they will answer orally or in

writing after listening. Listening for the answers will help students

recognize the crucial parts of the message.

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5.- Use predicting to encourage students to monitor their comprehension

as they listen. Do a predicting activity before listening, and remind

students to review what they are hearing to see if it makes sense in the

context of their prior knowledge and what they already know of the topicor events of the passage.

6.- Give immediate feedback whenever possible. Encourage students to

examine how or why their responses were incorrect.

LISTENING COMPREHENSION STRATEGIES

FOR ESL STUDENTS

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Examples of while-listening activities:

Listen and circle the correct

word/answer/number Listen and number the sentences/events

Listen and check your guesses

Listen and tick the correct answer

Listen and answer true or false or yes or no

Listen and match who said

LISTENING COMPREHENSION STRATEGIES

FOR ESL STUDENTS

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Listen and complete with Listen and fill in the spacesListen and follow the instructionsListen and classify the words in the right columnListen and identify the type of listening. Inteview,conversation, etec.

Listen and choose the right wordListen and identify the speakerListen and Explain what you have heardListen and choose the right title for the text

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After / Consolidation listening period.

Students need to act upon what they have heard to clarifymeaning and extend their thinking. Well-planned post- listeningactivities are just as important as those before and during. Someexamples follow:

Students may summarise the oral text, in writing, or as an outline. In addition to the traditional outline format, students could use time

lines, flow charts, ladders, circles, diagrams, webs, or maps. Listen and sing the song Create and act out the dialogue Mime the actions

LISTENING COMPREHENSION STRATEGIES

FOR ESL STUDENTS

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Change the verses/words of a song/dialogue and sing or act it outWrite down a summary of the listening.

Discuss about the topic of the listeningDraw an object that best represents the topic of the listening

Taken and adapted from: http://www.nclrc.org/essentials/listening/developlisten.htm