lessons learnt from the recent off the pacific coast of tohoku earthquake in japan

8/12/2019 Lessons Learnt From the Recent Off the Pacific Coast of Tohoku Earthquake in Japan

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Lessons Learnt from the Recent Off the

International Platform for Reducing Earthquake Disasters (IPRED)

26~28-07-2011 UNESCO-IPRED 4th Workshop, in Santiago, CHILE

Japan

Research Coordinator

Building Research InstituteIncorporated Administrative Agency, Japan

1

The Mw 9.0 earthquake occurred off

the Pacific coast of Tohoku, Japan at

14:46 JST on 11th March 2011.

This magnitude ranked fourth

IntroductionIntroduction

A

40N

Tohoku

NAM PAC

among the earthquakes in the world

since 1900.

The earthquake caused extremelydestructive tsunami.

In addition to loss of lives and

Mw 9.0

B

38N

36N

142E140E 146144E

JT

destruction of buildings, the tsunami

induced nuclear serious accidents in

Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power

Plants, where the response activity is

still in process.2

0

50

100

150Depth(km)

-100 0 100 200 300

Distance (km)

A B

Relocated aftershocks by

Hurukawa (2011 EPS)

http://www.terrapub.co.jp/journals/EPS

/pdf/free/inpress/201105027.pdf


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1. Strong motion observations for building structures

2. Field Surveys of damage to buildings

1) Outline

2) Damage to buildings caused by Seismic motion

4) Damage to buildings caused by Fire

3. Technical support to the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure,

Transport and Tourism

4. Information uploads

5. Activit ies on going

Many research activities and field survey were carried out jointly by

National Institute for Land and Infrastructure Management (NILIM) and

Building Research Institute (BRI).

Ill introduce results obtained by staff members of NILIM and BRI.

5

1. Strong motion observations for building structures

54 among 74 sites observed the mainshock134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 14

5 146

44 44

38 38

39 39

40 40

41 41

42 42

43 43

2011/03/11

14:46(JST)THU, SND

HCN2, HCNHRH

AKT

TRO

NIG

HKD

HKUKGC

HRO

MYK

13920' 13940' 14000' 14020' 140 40'

' 4 '

3600' 3600'

3620' 3620'

ANX, BRI

NIT

TUS

TKC

YCYFNB

EDG

UTK,NMW,SMD

ADC

MSTTDSAKB

KDI NKN

SITA, SIT2

6

134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146

34 34

35 35

36 36

37 37

0 100 200

km

h=24 km, M9.0

NGN

YMN

SMZSMS

NGY

MTS

OSK

KSOMIZ

IWK

13920' 139 40' 14000' 140 20' 140 40'

3520' 3520'

0 50

km

CGC,CG2,CG3

CHBTUF

KWS

http://smo.kenken.go.jp/


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Strong ground motions with large

seismic intensities138 139 140 141 142 143

40

Acceleration

-3000

0

3000

(cm/s2)

N-S (peak: 2679 cm/s2)

0

3000

(cm/s2)

E-W(peak:- 1285 cm/s2)

Pseudo Vel. Resp. Spectrum (h=5%)

50

100

500

locityResponse(cm/s)

100

)

100

1000

1000

0K-Net

37

38

39

-3000

-3000

0

3000

(cm/s2)

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200Time (sec)

U-D (peak: 1886 cm/s2)

2

5

10

PseudoVe

0.1 0.5 1 5 10Period (sec)

0.1(cm) 1

1010(cm/s/s

N-SE-WU-D

MYG004: K-NETTsukid ateAcceleration

-3000

0

3000

(cm/s2)

N-S (peak: 1520 cm/s2)

-3000

0

3000

(cm/s2)

E-W(peak: 987 cm/s2)

-3000

0

3000

(cm/s2)

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200Time (sec

U-D (peak:- 299 cm/s2)


2

5

10

50

100

500

PseudoVelocityResponse(cm/s)

0.1 0.5 1 5 10Period (sec

0.1(cm) 1

10

100

10(cm/s/s)

100

1000

1000

0

N-SE-WU-D

K-NET Tsukidate(MYG004)

K-NET Sendai(MYG013)

K-NET Hitachi

7

138 139 140 141 142 143

35

36

0 50 100

km

MYG013: K-NET SendaiAcceleration

-3000

0

3000

(cm/s2)

N-S (peak:- 1599 cm/s2)

-3000

0

3000

(cm/s2)

E-W(peak:- 1187 cm/s2)

-3000

0

3000

(cm/s2)

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200Time (sec)

U-D (peak: 1159 cm/s2)


2

5

10

50

100

500

PseudoVelocityResponse(cm/s)

0.1 0.5 1 5 10Period (sec)

0.1(cm) 1

10

100

10(cm/s/s)

100

1000

1000

0

N-SE-WU-D

IBR003: K-NET Hitachi

1 G or more at 20 sites. But less damage to buildings. Due to shorter predominant periods.

Nine-story school building of

Tohoku Univ., Sendai

0

1000

c(gal)

(a) Acc. in N192E

01F(N192E)09F(N192E)

1000

Ac

1000

0

1000

Acc(gal)

(b) Acc. in N282E

40

0

40

Disp(cm)

(c) Rel.Disp. in N192E

0

40

(cm)

(d) Rel.Disp. in N282E

01F(N282E)09F(N282E)

8

40

Dis

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

T(s)

0 50 100 150 200

Time (s)

(e) Natural period

N192E N282E

Lessons:

We could observe a damage

process of the building. It leads to1) Application to health monitoring.

2) Testing of non-linear response

analysis method.Temporal change of national period of the building.


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2. Field Surveys of damage to build ings

1) Outline2) Damage to buildings caused by Seismic motion

Timber Structure Reinforced Concrete Structure Steel Structure, Non-Structural Elements Housing-Site Ground, Foundations

3) Damage to buildings caused by Tsunami) Damage to buildings caused by Tsunami4) Damage to buildings caused by Fire

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1) Outline

Organizing field surveyteams to learn lessonsfrom structural damage

MiyakoCityOtsuchiTownYamadaTown

OfunatoCityKamaishiCity

Rikuzentakata CityKesennumaCity

MinamisanrikuTownIshinomakiCity

Kitakami CityHiraizumiTown

TonoCity

KuriharaCity

Iwate

Miyagifrom structural damagestate, BRI and NILIM aredispatching more than140experts to the surveyareas since March 12.

OnagawaTownHigashimatsushimaCityMatsushimaTown

ShiogamaCityShichigahamaTownTagajoCitySendaiCityNatoriCityWatariTownIwanumaCityYamamotoTown

ShiroishiCityNihonmatsuCityFukushimaCityMiharuTown

KoriyamaCityNasuTownYaitaCity

Fukushima

12SurveyAreasinCitiesandTownsNames

SukagawaCityShirakawaCity

Hitachiota CityHitachiCityNakaCityHitachinakaCity

MitoCityOaraiTownOmitamaCityHokotaCity

rosa o ownKasamaCity

ChikuseiCityShimotsumaCity

KogaCityBandoCity

JosoCityTsuchiuraCityRyugasakiCity

UrayasuCity

KashimaCityItakoCity

KamisuCityInashikiCitySakaeTown

BRI / NILIM

Ibaraki

Tochigi

Chiba

0 50km

Tokyo


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Damage to RC Structure

15

1st story of 3 storied RC buildingwas collapsed. Front side is

frame structure and back side is

frame with wall structure.

Shear failure in columnson 1st story of 4 storied RC

building which shows 180

degree hooks of main bars.

Damage to Steel Structure and Non-Structural Elements

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Damage to Housing-Site Groundand Foundations

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Damage to buildings caused by seismic motion

Damage to buildings is not so severe whereas the seismic

intensities were high and the disaster areas were extended to

extremely large.

Timber StructureTypical seismic damage was observed.

RC StructureSignificant difference appears between before and

after the new seismic design code (1981). Typical seismic damage

was observed.

Steel StructureDamage to vertical / horizontal braces and joints

was observed.

Non-structural ElementsThe fall of exterior walls sus ended

ceilings in large-scale spaces, and interior materials were observed.

Damage occurred in some grounds of developed residential areas

and sloping areas.

The severe liquefaction damage occurred in very wide areas.

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3) Damage to bui ldings caused by Tsunami BRI and NILIM have jointly carried out

damage surveys three times since March 11th

to understand the general status of damageto buildin sIwate .

Team #1 30 March 2 April

Rikuzentakata (IWATE) , Kesennuma, Minami-sanriku,

Onagawa, Ishinomaki, Natori (MIYAGI)

Team #2 6 -9 April

Yamada, Ohtsuchi, Kamaishi, Ohfunato, Rikuzentakata (IWATE),

Onagawa (MIYAGII) etc.

Team #3 6 8 April

Miyagi

19

, , , .

Data related to water depth and dimension indamaged buildings were also extensivelycollected. They are supposed to be muchinformative for the estimation of the effect oftsunami loads and also for the verification ofthe current design guidelines.

Fukushima

Survey areas


Colla se of 1st stor of 2 Fallin over of 4 storied RC

20

storied RC frame building with

concrete brick wall. The 2nd

story was supported by 4 RC

columns.

frame building with shear wall.

This building was flowed 70

meters.

Photo shows the undersurface

and a faade.


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Damage to RC StructureBuildings swept-away and fallen-over

4-story frame with shear wall structure

- ,

Few Openings

Swept-away (70 m, no traces of dragged)

Fallen-over

Distance from the coast~200 m

Depth of inundation~15 m 21

Damage to RC StructureBuildings swept-away and fallen-over

22

2-story frame structure

(refrigerators)

Few openings

Swept-away and fallen-over

Distance from the coast~200 m

Depth of inundationOver 6.5 m


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3 storied RC factory building4 storied RC frame building

Out of lane colla se of

23

.

Photo shows the footing

basement under columns.

exterior wall with frame andwithout inside floor.

The right side of photo shows

no collapse of wall with floor.

Damage to Steel Structure

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Damage to Timber Structure

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building z

Review for Tsunami Evacuation Bui lding

Evaluation Method of Tsunami

Evacuation Building

The Cabinet Office : Proposal equation of

Guideline for tsunami evacuation

3h

3gh

zq

pressure is applied using the threefolddepth of design wave depth.

Design wave depth: h

Design wave pressure

Based on the surveyed results, the validity of the above-mentioned

Tsunami Load (Tsunami Wave Pressure) is under reviewing.

26

z


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2011 Miyako, Iwate (IISEE/BRI)

Break water in

Miyako


May 14, 2010

April 2011


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World largest

break water

in Kamaishi

1,660 m long & 63 m height

1/3 collapsed, but

Tsunami height was reduced 40 %.

Arrival time delayed 6 min.

(Kamaishi Port Office)



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2011 Ootsuchi, Iwate (IISEE/BRI)

2011 Onagawa, Miyagi (IISEE/BRI)


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2011 Sendai, Miyagi (IISEE/BRI)



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2011 Iwaki, Fukushima (IISEE/BRI)


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3. Technical support to the Ministry of Land,

Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism (MILIT)

Collaborative Research with private companies in thedevelopment and promotion project of building standards.1: Consideration of contributing to the development of building

standards in tsunami hazard areas

2: Consideration of contributing to the development of non-structural elements standard based on earthquake damage

3: Consideration of the effect of long-period seismic motion onsuper high-rise buildings

Building Structural Standard Committee (NILIM)

57

Cooperate in research surveys and investigations of this committeeappointed to consider the draft of building structural standard

Committee of Technical Countermeasure againstLiquefaction (MILIT)

Participate as a member in this committee appointed to considertechnical issues common in each infrastructure

4. Information uploads

Established the special website to provide official information

http://iisee.kenken.go.jp/special2/

to o u. tm

58

http://www.kenken.go.jp/japanese/con

tents/topics/20110311


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Produced Quick Report of the

Field Survey and Research on

The 2011 Off the Pacific coast

of Tohoku Earthquake jointly

with NILIM and announced on

the special web site on May 13,

2011.

* English version will be released

on the end of August.

59

5. Activit ies on going

Continuation and expansion of the field survey and

research works, and quick release and dissemination of

u .

Active participation and technical support to activities bythe national government.

Close coo eration with concerned or anizations such as

Architectural Institute of Japan (AIJ).

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lessons learnt from the recent off the pacific coast of tohoku earthquake in japan

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