Leadership & ManagementLeadership & Management

Discussion for Lesson 10:Discussion for Lesson 10:

Foundations of ControlFoundations of Control

Lesson 10Lesson 10Reading ObjectivesReading Objectives

1.1.The student will comprehend the concept of control.The student will comprehend the concept of control.

2.2. The student will comprehend the two approaches to The student will comprehend the two approaches to control.control.

3.3.  The student will comprehend why control is important.The student will comprehend why control is important.

4. The student will comprehend the differences between 4. The student will comprehend the differences between the two types of control.the two types of control.

5. The student will comprehend the qualities of an effective 5. The student will comprehend the qualities of an effective control system.control system.

Lesson 10Lesson 10Discussion ObjectivesDiscussion Objectives

1.1. The student will comprehend the concept of The student will comprehend the concept of Control.Control.

2.2. The student will comprehend why Control is The student will comprehend why Control is important.important.

3.3. The student will comprehend the qualities of The student will comprehend the qualities of an effective Control System. an effective Control System.

4.4. The student will apply Control to him/herself.The student will apply Control to him/herself.

Concept of ControlConcept of Control

Process of monitoring activities to ensure they Process of monitoring activities to ensure they are being accomplished as planned and of are being accomplished as planned and of correcting any significant deviations. correcting any significant deviations. Entails taking corrective action to fix a Entails taking corrective action to fix a

problem or correct a deviation in performance. problem or correct a deviation in performance. Actual performance is compared to the Actual performance is compared to the

performance against a standard and performance against a standard and significant deviations are corrected. significant deviations are corrected.

Approaches to ControlApproaches to Control

There are two approaches to designing There are two approaches to designing organizational Control Systems:organizational Control Systems:

- Bureaucratic Control- Bureaucratic Control

- Clan Control- Clan Control

Most organizations do not rely solely on Most organizations do not rely solely on one of these approachesone of these approaches

Bureaucratic ControlBureaucratic Control

Emphasizes organizational authorityEmphasizes organizational authority Relies upon:Relies upon:

- Administrative Rules- Administrative Rules- Regulations- Regulations- Procedures- Procedures- Policies- Policies- Standardization- Standardization

Clan ControlClan Control

Emphasizes employee behaviors that are Emphasizes employee behaviors that are regulated by the following:regulated by the following:

- Shared Values- Shared Values- Norms- Norms- Traditions- Traditions- Rituals- Rituals- Beliefs- Beliefs

Importance of ControlImportance of Control

Control monitors whether objectives are Control monitors whether objectives are being accomplished as planned and being accomplished as planned and delegated authority is being properly used:delegated authority is being properly used:

Serves as the final link in the functional chain Serves as the final link in the functional chain of managementof management

Provides feedback on performance of Provides feedback on performance of subordinates to whom delegated authority has subordinates to whom delegated authority has been granted been granted

Types of ControlTypes of Control

Three Basic Types of ControlFeedback control:Control imposed after an action has occurred

Concurrent control:Control that occurs while an activity is in progress

Feedforward control:Control that prevents anticipated problems

Qualities of an Effective Qualities of an Effective Control SystemControl System

AccuracyAccuracy TimelinessTimeliness EconomyEconomy FlexibilityFlexibility UnderstandabilityUnderstandability

Reasonable criteriaReasonable criteria Strategic placementStrategic placement Emphasis on the Emphasis on the

exceptionexception Multiple criteriaMultiple criteria Corrective actionCorrective action

The Control ProcessThe Control Process

MeasuringMeasuring

- Personal Observation- Personal Observation

- Statistical Reports- Statistical Reports

- Oral Reports- Oral Reports

- Written Reports- Written Reports

What we measure is more important than What we measure is more important than how we measure.how we measure.

The Control Process (Cont.)The Control Process (Cont.)

ComparingComparing- Determines the - Determines the Degree of VariationDegree of Variation between actual performance and thebetween actual performance and the standardstandard

- - Range of VariationRange of Variation is the acceptable is the acceptable parameter of variance between actualparameter of variance between actual performance and the standardperformance and the standard

The Control Process (Cont.)The Control Process (Cont.)

Managerial Action:Managerial Action:

1.1. Correct the ActionCorrect the Action

- - Immediate corrective action – change activity at once Immediate corrective action – change activity at once to get performance back on trackto get performance back on track

- Basic corrective action – determine why performance - Basic corrective action – determine why performance deviated and correct the source of deviationdeviated and correct the source of deviation

2.2. Revise the StandardRevise the Standard- May be set too high- May be set too high

- May be set too low- May be set too low

Concepts of Control inConcepts of Control in Personal Life Personal Life

Discuss how concepts of Control may be Discuss how concepts of Control may be used in personal life.used in personal life.

““It’s Your Ship”It’s Your Ship”

Think Critically!!!Think Critically!!! There is There is alwaysalways another side to the story! another side to the story! Many good points and successesMany good points and successes CDR Abrashoff is a consultantCDR Abrashoff is a consultant ““It’s Your Ship” is a marketing toolIt’s Your Ship” is a marketing tool Not team-orientedNot team-oriented Make up your own mindMake up your own mind What potential problems do you see?What potential problems do you see? Now, the other side of the story…Now, the other side of the story…

That’s The Way We’ve Always Done It!That’s The Way We’ve Always Done It!

Tradition supports excellence and creates Tradition supports excellence and creates communitycommunity

The Navy/Marine Corps CultureThe Navy/Marine Corps Culture Bad habits do not support excellenceBad habits do not support excellence Leadership is not blindLeadership is not blind TTTWWADI is an excuse, not justificationTTTWWADI is an excuse, not justification Do not accept TTWWADIDo not accept TTWWADI

CurraheeCurrahee

Captain Sobel:Captain Sobel:- Poor Communicator- Poor Communicator- Unrealistic Expectations- Unrealistic Expectations- Ego-Centric- Ego-Centric- Sadistic- Sadistic

Effective?Effective?- Unwittingly developed team cohesion- Unwittingly developed team cohesion- Many credit him with their survival- Many credit him with their survival

Band of BrothersBand of Brothers

Next ClassNext Class

Personality and Reflection as a Personality and Reflection as a Leadership ToolLeadership Tool

Read: Leadership and Management, Read: Leadership and Management, Chapter 11Chapter 11

SummarySummary

Control ensures planned activities are accomplished and Control ensures planned activities are accomplished and significant deviations are correctedsignificant deviations are corrected

Serves to monitor whether objectives are being Serves to monitor whether objectives are being accomplished and delegated authority is being properly accomplished and delegated authority is being properly usedused

Effective control systems are accurate, timely, Effective control systems are accurate, timely, economical, flexible, understandable, use reasonable economical, flexible, understandable, use reasonable criteria, have strategic placement, emphasize the criteria, have strategic placement, emphasize the exception, use multiple criteria and suggest corrective exception, use multiple criteria and suggest corrective

action.action.

Questions?Questions?

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