kien truc - xay dung so 09.pdf

Ph Tng bin tp PGS.TS.KTS.Nguyn T Lng

Hi ng khoa hc

PGS.TS.KTS.Nguyn T Lng Ph Ch tch Hi ng

PGS.TS.Vng Ngc LuTS.KTS.L QunPGS.TS.Phm Minh HPGS.TS.Vng Vn ThnhPGS.TS.KTS.}ng }c QuangPGS.TS.KTS.L }c ThngTS.Mai Lin HngPGS.TS.KTS.Ng Thm GS.TS.KTS.Nguyn Hu DngPGS.TS.KTS.} HuPGS.TS.KTS.Ch }nh HongTS.Nguyn Trung Ho

TS.KTS.V An Khnh Thng trc Hi ng

Bin tp v Tr s

TS.KTS.V An Khnh Trng Ban Bin tp

Trnh by - Ch bn KTS.Trn Hng Tr

To sonPhng Khoa hc Cng ngh - Hp tc Quc tTrng }i hc Kin trcKm10, ng Nguyn Tri, Thanh Xun, H Ni}T: (84-4) 3854 2521 Fax: (84-4) 3854 1616Email: [email protected] php xut bn s 184/GP-BTTTT ngy 05.02.2010.Ch bn ti: Trng }i hc Kin trcIn ti: Cng ty c phn In Cng }onNp lu chiu: 9.2012

2 TP ch Khoa hc KIN TRC - XY DNG 3 S 9 - 2012

Khoa hc & CNG NGH

d

Mc lcS 9 - 2012 Tp ch Khoa hc Kin trc - Xy dng

4 Hai mi nm truyn thng o to Kin trc s Quy hoch

TS. NGUYN XUN HINH

8o to Kin trc s Quy hoch ti Trng i hc Kin trc H Ni trong thi k i mi

TS. LNG T QUYN

10Mt s yu t m bo cht lng o to qua kinh nghim o to k s xy dng ca Chu u

TS. PHM PH TNH

11Khoa Xy dng, Trng i hc Kin trc Thnh ph H Ch Minh v Trng i hc Kin trc H Ni - S gn kt lch s

TS. CHUNG BC I

12Mt vi suy ngh v o to pht trin ngun nhn lc cho hot ng t vn xy dng Vit Nam

TS. TRN THANH BNH - TS. CHU TUN H

Khoa hc v cng ngh

14o to k s xy dng dn dng v cng nghip p ng yu cu cng nghip ha, hin i ha t nc

PGS.TS. PHM MINH HTS. V HONG HIP

19

Gi gn bn sc vn ha v pht trin kinh t a phng khu vc lng ngh truyn thng ng K trong qu trnh th ha

PGS.TS. NGUYN T LNG

26C cu loi hnh nh trong cc khu th mi H Ni pht trin bn vng khng gian th

TS. VNG HI LONG

30 Tc ng ca bin i kh hu v nc bin dng i vi cc khu ven bin th x H Tin

ThS. PHM THANH HUY

34Thit k khng gian kin trc ngm trn c s nghin cu tm l ca ngi s dng

TS. V AN KHNH

38Nghin cu cc bin php gia cng b mt thin nhin v thnh phn nguyn liu sn xut nhn to dng trong xy dng v trang tr kin trc

TS. NGUYN MINH NGC

44 ng dng phn mm Abaqus trong m phng ct lin hp thp b tng

ThS. TN THT HONG LN

48 Nghin cu v cng ngh cc ng b tng ct thp d ng lc

TS. V VN DN

54Gii bi ton ng cc bng phng php truyn sng a Lm Be

PGS.TS. NG QUC LNG

62 Cng ngh thi cng c b tng ct thp ng lc trc

ThS. L HUY SINH

65 Chnh sch no cho qun l di c t nng thn ra thnh th

ThS. NGUYN LIN HNG

67Nhng ni dung c bn ca mn hc T tng H Ch Minh

ThS. NGUYN TH THANH HUYN

69 Dch thut - Nhng thch thc v gii phpThS. O TH TO

71 Lm vic theo nhm trong ging dy Ting AnhThS. VI TH QUC KHNH

Khoa hc sinh vin

75Gii php khai thc s dng nng lng hiu qu trong vic t chc khng gian kin trc tuyn ng st trn cao H Ni (Ly tuyn Ct Linh - H ng lm v d minh ha)

} n sinh vin xut sc

Tin tc v s kin

contentsNumber 9 - 2012 Science Journal of Architecture & Construction

4 20 years of training tradition of Urban Planners Dr. Arch. NGUYEN XUAN HINH

8 Urban Planner training at Hanoi Architectural University in the innovation period

Dr. Arch. LUONG TU QUYEN

10 Some factors to ensure the training quality from experiences of civil engineers training in Europe

Dr. PHAM PHU TINH

11Civil Engineering Faculty of Ho Chi Minh

Universiy of Architecture and Hanoi Architectural University - Historical collaboration

Dr. CHUNG BAC AI

12 Some thoughts of the source development training in constructions consultancy in

VietnamDr. TRAN THANH BINH, Dr. CHU TUAN HA

science & technology

14Training Civil and Industrial Engineers to meet the industrialization and modernization demand of the country

Prof Dr. PHAM MINH HADr. VU HOANG HIEP

19

Preservation of cultural characteristics and local economics development of traditional village in the process of urbanization and globalization

Prof. Dr. NGUYEN TO LANG

26 Housing structure in Hanoi New Town toward sustainable urban spatial development

Dr. VUONG HAI LONG

30 Impacts of climate change and sea level rise to the coastal residential areas in Hatien Town

MA. PHAM THANH HUY

34Underground architectural space design based on the research of users psychological charac-teristics.

Dr. VU AN KHANH

38Research on production of stones natural sur-face and material components of artificial stones in construction and architectural decoration

Dr. NGUYEN MINH NGOC

44 Applying Abaqus software in the simulation of composite concrete filed steel columns

MSc. TON THAT HOANG LAN

48Research on the technology of prestressed reinforce concrete pipe piles

Dr. VO VAN DAN

54 Solutions of piles stress by Dalambe wave Prof Dr. DANG QUOC LUONG

62 Technology of prestressed reinforced concrete excavations

MSc. LE HUY SINH

65 Management Policies for rural urban im-migration

MA. NGUYEN LIEN HUONG

67 Main context of Ho Chi Minhs ThoughtMS. NGUYEN THI THANH HUYEN

69 Translation: Challenges and solutionsMS. DAO THI TAO

71Group work in English teaching

MS. VI THI QUOC KHANH

student's scientifIc researches

75Solutions of effective energy uses in spatial ar-chitectural structure of high train route in Hanoi (route from Cat Linh to Ha Dong)

student's exellent projects

information & events



TIN Tc & S KIN

Hai mi nm truyn thng o to Kin trc s Quy hoch

TS. Nguyn Xun HinhTrng Khoa Quy hoch } th v Nng thn

n Quy hoch xy dng th v nng thn l mt cng trnh khoa hc tng hp ca k thut, kinh t, x hi & s sng to khng gian kin trc cnh quan, n khng nhng to dng ra mt khng gian p ng vi chc nng, tin nghi, cnh quan p m cn phi ph hp vi s pht trin kinh t, x hi & mi trng. Ngi lm quy hoch khng nhng cn kin thc ca mt Kin trc s thit k khng gian m cn cn trang b thm kin thc v a l - kinh t - vn ha - x hi & mi trng sinh thi.

Trc nm 1992, Trng i hc Kin trc H Ni o to Kin trc s, bao gm c Thit k Cng trnh v Thit k Quy hoch. Vic o to chung mt khi lng kin thc qu rng cho c KTS cng trnh v KTS quy hoch trong mt thi gian c hn (hc i hc) l kh khn, v vy cha to ra c mt i ng KTS quy hoch hnh ngh chuyn su quy hoch ti cc vin & cc c quan t vn chuyn ngnh quy hoch th & nng thn. Nhm p ng i ng cn b lp quy hoch c cht lng cao phc v cho nn pht trin kinh t x hi l nhim v quan trng v cn thit. Vi s ch o ca B Xy dng, nm 1992, Khoa Quy hoch c thnh lp ti Trng i hc Kin trc H Ni trn c s B mn Quy hoch ca Khoa Kin trc v Khoa th.

Sau 20 nm xy dng v trng thnh, khoa Quy hoch th v nng thn lun gi vai tr l mt c s u tin o to Kin trc s quy hoch hng u ca c nc. Mi nm Trng i hc Kin trc H Ni cung cp cho x hi hng trm KTS quy hoch. Cc th h KTS quy hoch ra trng ng gp ng k trong cng tc lp & qun l quy hoch ti cc c quan t Trung ng n cc a phng trn mi min t quc.

C c nhng thnh qu nh hm nay chng ta khng bao gi qun nhng con ngi t nhng vin gch u tin xy dng nn Trng i hc Kin trc, xy dng nn s nghip o to ngnh Quy hoch nc ta. Vi lp lp nhng ngi thy, nhng bc n anh i trc dy cng chm lo cho s pht trin ca Khoa Quy hoch, Trng i hc Kin trc H Ni nh ngy nay, vt qua nhng kh khn ca bui ban u vi mt mc tiu cao nht l tt c cho s nghip o to i ng KTS Quy hoch c trnh m trch nhng cng vic ln lao l kin to cc th hm nay v mai sau.

Nhn dp k nim 20 nm thnh lp Khoa Quy hoch th v Nng thn, chng ta hy cng n li nhng nc thang ca qu kh cc th h KTS quy hoch hm nay v mai sau tip bc cha anh trong s nghip o to KTS quy hoch nc nh.

o to KTS lm Quy hoch (1) nhng lp u tin

Kin trc s chuyn ngnh Quy hoch thc cht c o to t kho 1 nm 1961 vi lp Kin trc s ca B Kin trc (nay l B Xy dng). Mi kho ch c mt lp, sinh vin hc theo chng trnh thng nht cho n ht nm th ba sau mi phn chia thnh ba chuyn ngnh nhng nm cui: Kin trc cng trnh dn dng, Kin trc cng trnh cng nghip v Kin trc quy hoch th v nng thn .

S ging vin chuyn ngnh Quy hoch th nng thn c o to trc cch mng c 4 kin trc s: KTS. Hong Nh Tip, KTS. Ng Huy Qunh, KTS. Khng Ton v KTS. m Trung Phng. T 1963-1966 KTS. m Trung Phng lm t trng dy Nguyn l v n quy hoch, nm 1966-1967 KTS. Khng Ton lm t trng, KTS. Nguyn Th B ging dy nguyn l v n quy hoch.

Thng 11 nm 1967 lp i hc Kin trc tr thnh Khoa Kin trc th Trng i hc Xy Dng do KTS Nguyn Nghi l ch nhim Khoa vi 5 b mn. B mn Quy hoch u tin c thnh lp do GS. Khng Ton lm Ch nhim b mn. Trong nm hc 1968-1969 qua k thi nng khiu tuyn c 80 sinh vin ngnh Kin trc Quy hoch c phin ch thnh 2 lp 68K v 68Q.

n nm 1969, sau khi Trng i hc Kin trc c thnh lp, b mn Quy hoch c chnh thc thnh lp thuc khoa Kin trc nhm o to Kin trc s Cng trnh v Quy hoch.

Khoa Quy hoch giai on 1992-2000: Nhng nm u thnh lp

Trc tnh hnh m ca ca t nc cng vi s chuyn i ca nn kinh t sang c ch th trng, nhp pht trin ca hu khp cc th tng ln mnh m. Tnh hnh thc t i hi cng tc quy hoch xy dng v qun l th phi c tng cng theo kp vi tin trnh xy dng ca t nc. Do cng tc o to Kin trc s quy hoch c trin khai l mt chuyn ngnh ring, song song vi vic o to Kin trc s cng trnh. Ngy 9/6/1992 B trng B Xy dng k Quyt nh s 283/BXD-TCL v vic thnh lp Khoa Quy hoch trn c s tch b mn Quy hoch thuc khoa Kin trc sp nhp vi khoa th, vi nhim v o to Kin trc s Quy hoch chnh quy h i hc 5 nm, p ng nhu cu thc t v nhu cu pht trin o to ca Trng i hc Kin trc H ni. Ti thi im ny, Trng i hc Kin

1Bng KTS cho c hai chuyn ngnh Thit k Kin trc v Thit k Quy hoch.

trc H Ni tr thnh c s duy nht ca c nc tuyn sinh o to chuyn ngnh quy hoch xy dng th v nng thn.

Ngay t nhng ngy u mi hnh thnh Khoa Quy hoch, Nh trng ch o nghin cu xy dng ni dung k hoch o to Kin trc s quy hoch. Chng trnh, k hoch o to c xy dng theo phng thc chung ca cc trng i hc trong giai on ny, ton b qu trnh o to c chia thnh hai giai on, giai on o to kin thc i cng v giai on o to kin thc chuyn ngnh.

Giai on u vi thi gian hai nm, v c bn thng nht vi chuyn ngnh Kin trc cng trnh. Giai on sau vi thi gian ba nm, chuyn ngnh Quy hoch gim bt mt s n kin trc cng trnh, thay th bng cc n quy hoch v b sung mt s mn hc v mng li cc cng trnh k thut h tng th, phc v cho yu cu cng tc quy hoch. Nhim v t ra lc ny l xy dng chng trnh o to Kin trc s quy hoch vi yu cu gii quyt c c phn quy hoch mng li cc cng trnh k thut h tng th trong iu kin khng c chuyn ngnh o to k s th. Khi lng kin thc chuyn su v cng trnh k thut h tng c xc nh trong k hoch o to lc chim mt t l ng k. Tuy vy, nu so vi yu cu o to chuyn ngnh K thut h tng th, s lng kin thc nh vy li l cn qu t, cha th p ng c i hi ca cng vic thc tin.

Trc nhng thc t o to, B trng B Xy dng ra quyt nh s 444/BXD TCL ngy 11/7/1997, quyt nh thnh lp Khoa K thut H tng v mi trng th trn c s tch Khoa Quy hoch ra lm 2 Khoa: Khoa Quy Hoch & Khoa K thut H tng v mi trng th.

Chng trnh v ni dung o to chuyn ngnh quy hoch bc i hc c xut trong giai on ny tuy ch thch ng n cc h thng kin thc trong lnh vc quy hoch khng gian v quy hoch cc cng trnh k thut th, nhng cc kin thc v x hi, nhn vn, mi trng.... cn cha p ng c yu cu thc t.

Sau khi kho Kin trc s quy hoch u tin tt nghip, nm 1998, Trng i hc Kin trc H Ni ch o Khoa Quy hoch t chc hi tho nh gi kt qu, rt kinh nghim, tng bc hon thin chng trnh, ni dung v k hoch o to.

Nm 1999, B Xy Dng cho php Khoa Quy hoch thc hin ti khoa hc: Nghin cu ci tin mc tiu chng trnh, k hoch o to Kin trc s quy hoch m s RD77 do PGS.TS. c Vim - nguyn Ch nhim khoa ch tr. ti xut nhng thay i trong h thng cc mn hc i cng, c s v chuyn ngnh, xy dng mc tiu, k hoch o to v cng ging dy cc mn hc chuyn ngnh phc v yu cu o to Kin trc s quy hoch ti Trng i hc Kin trc H Ni v c ng dng t nm 2002.

C cu t chc khoa giai on 1992-2000:

- Ch nhim Khoa: PGS.TS.KTS. c Vim

- Ph Ch nhim Khoa: TS.KTS. Phm Kim Giao, KTS. Nguyn Vn Ch, KS. Trn Th Hng, TS.KTS.L c Thng (t1997)

40 nm thnh lp Khoa Xy dng, 20 nm thnh lp Khoa Quy hoch

Hot ng ca cu lc b Quy hoch tr

Bo v n tt nghip

L trao bng tt nghip kin trc s quy hoch

Gp g cc th h ging vin Ngy Nh gio Vit Nam 20.11.2011


TIN Tc & S KIN

- Gm 6 b mn: Quy hoch Vng, Quy hoch th, Quy hoch Nng thn, Kinh t Qun l th, K thut H tng, Cng trnh nc &Vt l Kin trc.

Khoa Quy hoch giai on 2000-2010: n nh pht trin

p ng yu cu thc t, cn i vi d n pht trin ca Khoa v Nh trng, quy m o to l 100 sinh vin hng nm (tng gp 2 ln). Song song vi chng trnh o to di hn chnh quy, khoa Quy hoch thng xuyn m cc kho ngn hn o to nng cao v o to li, b sung ngun cn b cho cc a phng n cp x.

Mt khc p ng c nhim v yu cu ca nh trng, x hi i vi o to Kin trc s quy hoch trc mt v lu di, khoa Quy hoch xc nh phi cng c i ng CBGD cc b mn, pht trin cc mn hc chuyn su, chuyn ngnh p ng yu cu chuyn mn ngnh quy hoch th - nng thn.

Theo chng trnh o to, sau khi tt nghip Kin trc s quy hoch c kh nng hnh ngh trong lnh vc t vn, thit k, nghin cu quy hoch xy dng tng hp (Quy hoch xy dng th, im dn c nng thn, kin trc cnh quan). Chng trnh o to ton kho hc cho chuyn ngnh quy hoch th c khi lng v gii php gm:

- Thi lng 240 n v hc trnh; trong cc mn chuyn ngnh c thi lng 97 n v hc trnh, chim 40% tng thi lng o to. Vi nhng iu chnh v mn hc v thi lng, tng thi lng ton kho hc gim xung t 4.755 tit xung cn 3.840 tit.

- p ng yu cu ci tin nu trn, trc ht phi c mt i ng Cn b ging dy mnh c v s lng v cht lng cng nh v c cu chuyn ngnh, c nng lc p ng c yu cu ca cng tc ci cch o to. Khoa tng bc trin khai kin ton i ng Cn b ging dy c v s lng, cht lng, c cu i ng, nng cao trnh ca i ng Cn b ging dy thng qua cng tc bi dng o to theo k hoch pht trin i ng ging vin ca Nh trng n nm 2010.

p ng nhu cu mi x hi, s thay i ca Lut Xy dng mi v cc vn bn mi lin quan n cng tc thit k Quy hoch, Khoa Quy hoch ch ng xut nhng ci tin cho chng trnh o to KTS Quy hoch vi ti nghin cu khoa hc cp B Nghin cu ci tin chng trnh o to ngnh quy hoch xy dng p ng yu cu thc hin lut xy dng do Ch nhim Khoa Quy hoch PGS.TS L c Thng lm ch nhim ti, p dng t 2006.

C cu t chc khoa giai on 2000-2010:

- Trng Khoa: TS.KTS L c Thng (2)

- Ph Trng Khoa: TS.KTS Nguyn T Lng(3)(2000-2005), TS.KTS. Lng T Quyn.

- Gm 5 B mn: Quy hoch Vng, Quy hoch th, Quy hoch Nng thn, Kin trc Cnh quan, Sinh thi v mi trng th.

Khoa Quy hoch t 2010 n nay: Pht trin & Hi nhp

t nc ta v ang chuyn i sang mt thi k mi, mt thi k pht trin, thi k th ho vi mt tc cao. S nghip xy dng pht trin cc th v cc im dn c nng thn ang i hi i ng KTS Quy hoch, cc nh qun l, cc nh chuyn mn ca cc lnh vc lin quan phi c nhng nng lc mi gii quyt nhng vn ht sc phc tp, ht sc tng hp ca th. to ra mt mi trng sng, lm vic tt nht, hin i ngang tm cc nc trong khu vc v quc t. Thc hin c trng trch ny i hi rt nhiu s c gng n lc ca ton ngnh, trong c trch nhim khng nh ca nhng ngi lm cng tc o to khoa Quy hoch - Trng i hc Kin trc H Ni.

Cng tc o to, nghin cu khoa hc v quy hoch th & nng thn cn nhiu bt cp; i mi chng trnh hng n hi nhp quc t chm chp, kin thc quy hoch cn thiu, cha p ng c cc yu cu ca mt lnh vc khoa hc tng hp cao. Ngoi ra, trong nhng nm gn y, cc nc trn th gii v trong khu vc chu Thi Bnh Dng cng c nhng thay i v quan im v ni dung o to trong lnh vc quy hoch th, Vit Nam cng cn xem xt theo kp v hi nhp vi th gii v khu vc, tip thu nhng bi hc kinh nghim trong o to ca cc nc i trc.

Nhng thch thc c bn c nu trn chnh l nhng vn cn phi c cc gii php khc phc, nhm p ng qu trnh pht trin v hi nhp quc t, m bo pht trin bn vng trong cng tc xy dng th & nng thn. Trong cng tc o to Kin trc s quy hoch ti cc trng i hc cng l mt mt xch quan trng cn nghin cu. Nhn thc c vai tr trch nhim l mt trung tm o to ln ca ngnh, Trng i hc Kin trc H Ni trong nhng nm qua thng xuyn ci tin chng trnh o to KTS quy hoch, v hin nay Nh trng ang ch o Khoa quy hoch th v Nng thn nghin cu xut i mi chng trnh o to Kin trc s quy hoch gn vi thc tin v hi nhp.

p ng nhu cu hi nhp quc t, m rng giao lu, hp tc quc t. Cn b ging dy khoa Quy hoch ch ng, tch cc tham gia vo cc hot ng ca cc d n quc t nh d n quc t v Quy hoch, Qun L th, d n hp tc gia trng H Kin trc H Ni v trng H tng hp Montreal - Canada, tng cng hp tc o to vi nhiu trng o to Quy hoch ti nhiu nc trn th gii nh: Hoa K, c, Canada, Php, H Lan, Italia, Ty Ban Nha, Hn Quc, Nht Bn... Khoa Quy hoch th Nng thn Trng i hc Kin trc H Ni l thnh vin ca Hip hi cc trng o to Quy hoch Chu (APSA). Hin nay khoa Quy hoch ang c giao thc hin chng trnh lin kt vi trng i

2. Nay l PGS.TS.KTS3. Nay l PGS.TS.KTS - Ph hiu trng Trng i hc Kin trc H Ni.

hc Nomandie ca Cng ha Php v o to Kin trc s cnh quan.

Chc nng nhim v:

- o to Kin trc s Quy hoch, phc v yu cu cng tc t vn, thit k quy hoch th v nng thn, cng tc qun l quy hoch xy dng pht trin th v nng thn trong tnh hnh mi.

- o to Kin trc s cnh quan.

- Tham gia o to nng cao, o to Thc s v Tin s chuyn ngnh Quy hoch Vng v th ca Trng i hc Kin trc H Ni.

- Tham gia vo cc cng tc nghin cu khoa hc, cc cng vic thc t chuyn ngnh, t vn thit k quy hoch th v nng thn, nh gi tc ng mi trng...

Khoa Quy hoch th & Nng thn hin nay c hn 50 cn b ging dy, trong c 1 Ph gio s, 6 Tin s v 36 Thc s. Tham gia ging dy cn c nhiu chuyn gia trong v ngoi nc, cc gio s, tin s ti cc Vin nghin cu, Hi Quy hoch Pht trin th Vit Nam, Hi Kin trc s Vit Nam & cc c quan t vn trong v ngoi trng. Hin nay mi nm Khoa tip nhn mi khong 190 sinh vin, trong 150 -170 sinh vin o to KTS quy hoch, 20 -25 sinh vin Chng trnh Php Ng o to KTS cnh quan.

C cu t chc khoa hin nay:

- Trng Khoa: TS.KTS Nguyn Xun Hinh

- Ph trng Khoa: TS.KTS Lng T Quyn, ThS.KTS Lng Tin Dng

- Gm 6 B mn: Quy hoch Vng, Quy hoch th, Quy hoch Nng thn, Kin trc Cnh quan, Sinh thi v mi trng th, Thit k th.

Lin tc trong nhng nm qua, Khoa quy hoch - Trng i hc Kin trc H Ni, lun l n v nhn c nhiu gii thng: Bng khen ca Chnh ph, B Xy Dng, thnh ph H Ni & cc Hip Hi khc nhau, c bit nhiu sinh vin tt nghip KTS quy hoch c nhn nhiu gii thng nh: gii thng Loa Thnh, gii thng ca Hi Quy hoch Pht trin th Vit Nam, v quan trng hn l s ng tnh ca x hi v cht lng Kin trc s Quy hoch c o to t Trng i hc Kin trc H Ni.

Nhn y chng ti xin gi li cm n chn thnh nht n: Cc thy nguyn l Trng Khoa; PGS.TS.KTS c Vim, NGT.PGS.TS.KTS L c Thng; Cc thy nguyn l Trng cc B mn: NGND.GS.TS.KTS Nguyn Th B, PTS.TS.KTS Phm Kim Giao, PGS.KTS Trn Hng, NGT.PGS.TS.KTS Nguyn T Lng, PGS.TS.KTS Trn Trng Hanh, NGT.PGS.TS.KTS Hu, PGS.TS.KTS Hn Tt Ngn, TS.GVCC Nguyn Vn Mun, ThS. KTS Phng Anh Tin, KS Nguyn Tt Du, TS. Bi Vn Ton, PGS.TS Trn Th Hng, GS.TS. Hong Vn Hu & nhiu Thy - C trong & ngoi trng c cng lao o to nn nhiu th h KTS Quy hoch cho c nc, k c i ng Ging vin ca khoa Quy hoch./

n: Quy hoch chi tit ci to khu tp th Ging V H NiSinh vin: Nguyn Tin ng. Kha hc 2002Q, Gio vin hng dn: PGS.TS. L c ThngGii nht- Gii thng Hi Quy hoch pht trin th Vit Nam nm 2007


TIN Tc & S KIN

}o to Kin trc s Quy hoch ti Trng }i hc Kin trc H Nitrong thi k i mi

TS. Lng T QuynPh trng Khoa Quy hoch } th v Nng thn

Trong nhng nm gn y, s pht trin nhanh chng ca nn kinh t ko theo nhiu bin i trong x hi Vit Nam. Nc ta hi nhp c tng i ton din v su sc vi nn kinh t cc nc trong khu vc v quc t. Vit Nam c nhiu c hi do m ca th trng, nhiu sn phm ca Vit nam khng nh c ch ng trn th gii, nng lc sn xut v kinh doanh cc ngnh c nng cao, khoa hc k thut pht trin, i sng ngi dn c ci thin. Bn cnh , Vit Nam

cng phi i mt vi nhiu kh khn, thch thc mi v kinh t nh tc tng trng gim, gi c tng mnh, nhp siu tng cao, nng lc cnh tranh ca mt s ngnh cn hn ch. Nhng din bin gn y nh bin i kh hu, thin tai, thm ha th, chin tranh sc tc, nn khng b quc t, khng hong kinh t ton cu cng nh hng bt li cho Vit NamTt c nhng c hi v thch thc l nhng ng lc thc y cc lnh vc khoa hc ca Vit Nam ni chung, quy hoch xy

dng ni ring phi chuyn bin thch ng, i ph, gii quyt cn bn cc vn .

Trng i hc Kin trc H Ni l ci ni u tin o to Kin trc s Quy hoch (KTSQH v l c s cung cp phn ln ngun cn b hot ng trong lnh vc quy hoch xy dng cho c nc. Ngy nay cc KTSQH mi ra trng phi ng u nhiu hn vi nhng thch thc do bin i ca kinh t, vn ha, x hi v thin nhin gy nn so vi cc th h i trc. Vy chng trnh o to KTSQH phi thay i nh th no sn phm l nhng KTSQH c th p ng c nhng yu cu ca thi i mi?

Trong 5 nm hc ti trng i hc Kin trc H Ni, cc sinh vin c trang b nhng kin thc chuyn ngnh c bn lm c s mi c nhn khi ra trng c th pht trin v bin i cho ph hp vi tng cng vic thc t, tng v tr c th. Hin nay c nhiu kin cho rng KTSQH sau khi tt nghip i hc, khi c tip nhn cc c quan ch qun gn nh phi o to li.

Trng i hc Kin trc H Ni lun ch trng ci tin v i mi Chng trnh o to KTSQH. Mi nm Khoa Quy hoch li xem xt v iu chnh chng trnh o to di s ch o ca Ban Gim hiu v Hi ng Khoa hc ca Nh trng. Nhiu mn hc mi c b sung, cch hc, cch dy cng thay i. y l mt cng vic tt yu hng nm th hin tinh thn trch nhim ca Nh trng i vi sn phm ca mnh, s k vng p ng c nhu cu ngy cng tng ca x hi v trnh ngun nhn lc tri thc tr chuyn ngnh quy hoch xy dng.

i mi, ci tin chng trnh o to l tt yu khch quan trong qu trnh xy dng, pht trin ca mi trng i hc. Tuy nhin, trc tnh hnh x hi y bin ng nh hin nay, o to KTSQH cn tp trung vo vic trang b cho sinh vin nhng kin thc c bn du bit rng kin thc cng c bn, cng kh p dng vo cng vic thc tin. Khng th xy dng chng trnh o to i hc ui theo s thay i ca x hi v nhng g ph hp hm nay, ngy mai li thnh lc hu.

Thc t cho thy vic o to KTSQH chy theo xu hng thi thng, ch trng nhng k nng n lin m khng trang b nhng kin thc, phng php nghin cu cn bn th ngi c o to trc mt c th lm c ngay mt s cng vic c th nhng hu qu l khng c kh nng bin i cho ph hp khi chuyn sang cng vic khc,vi i tng khc, cng nh khng c kh nng pht trin lu di. Ngc li c o to c bn th khi ra trng KTSQH c th kh ha nhp ngay vi cng vic nhng sau mt thi gian ngn lm quen, tm hiu ngi c o to s vn ln lm ch cng vic v c kh nng chuyn i linh hot sang cc loi hnh cng vic khc nhau cng nh pht trin ln trnh cao hn. c o to c bn, KTSQH hiu c u l bn cht, u l biu hin nht thi v t c nhng gii php hiu qu.

Tuy nhin, ch trng trang b nhng kin thc c bn khng c ngha l dy i dy li nhng bi hc c rch, khng quan tm n xu hng pht trin ca x hi, khng cp nht nhng tin b ca khoa hc k thut. Mt mt chng trnh o to KTSQH cn m bo trang b y , logic nhng kin thc khung c bn ng thi mt khc phi c nhng chuyn ph bin, cp nht

nhng kin thc, xu hng mi. Hn th na, trc nhng tin b ca cng ngh thng tin, cc phng tin truyn thng ngy cng phong ph, hnh thc, ni dung truyn t ca gio vin cng phi lun thay i thu ht ngi nghe.

Ging dy truyn thng vi bng en- phn trng, cch truyn th kin thc mt chiu thy ging- tr nghe t lu khng cn ph hp khi sinh vin ngy nay cn phi tr nn nng ng, d thch ng, bit t duy c lp v phi hp lm vic theo nhm ph hp vi cc yu cu x hi. Kho kin thc khng l, a dng ca Internet to iu kin cho sinh vin su tm ti liu, tm kim thng tin, t hc, t nghin cu. Ton cu ha cho sinh vin c c hi tip xc vi cch dy, cch hc ca nhiu trng i hc tin tin trn th gii, v vy s c nhng so snh, nh gi v ph phn vi nhng kin thc v phng php ging dy trong cc trng i hc ca nc nh. Tuy nhin chnh nhng hiu bit khng y v h thng gio dc ca nc ngoi cng mang n nhng quy kt sai lm. Cc nc tin tin (c bit l chu u) rt ch trng vic trang b kin thc c bn bc i hc. Sinh vin vn phi hc nhng mn hc kinh in, phi trn tr, vt v vi nhng kin thc khng h thay i, t th h ny sang th h khc. Sau mi hc n nhng mn hc chuyn ngnh, c tnh ng dng cao hn. Kt qu o to bi bn ny cho ra i nhng con ngi c kh nng t chc nghin cu, lm vic c lp v sng to, gii quyt cc vn trit v hp l, hiu qu (tuy nhin i khi cng my mc). Ngay c mt nc cao khoa hc ng dng v tnh thc tin nh Hoa K cng thch tip nhn nhng k s, tin s c o to cc nc Chu u, v ch sau mt thi gian ngn lm quen cng vic, h nhanh chng thch ng v pht huy gi tr, chim lnh nhng v tr ch cht, d bt k lnh vc no.

Vai tr ca ngi ging vin i hc ngy nay khc trc, khng cn l ngun duy nht cung cp kin thc cho sinh vin. Ging vin phi l ngi hng dn cho sinh vin cch hc hn l nhi nht cc th cn hc. Vi mi trng thng tin a dng, a chiu, ngi thy phi gip sinh vin bit cch phn tch, tng hp, h thng vn , to iu kin cho sinh vin c trnh by, bo co, nu nhng nh gi ca c nhn, nng cao vai tr ca c nhn trong nghin cu, sng tc. ng thi mi c nhn bit r vai tr, trch nhim phi hp cng lm vic trong mt tp th, mt cng ng v mc tiu chung.

Tm li, khi phi i mt vi nhng bin ng lin tc, su sc v a dng ca x hi trn cc lnh vc chnh tr, kinh t, vn ha; ca mi trng t nhin nh bin i kh hu, thin tai,o to KTSQH cn kin nh vi ch trng o to c bn v bi bn, trnh vi v, nn nn chy theo nhng biu hin nht thi ca x hi. Hiu v d bo c quy lut pht trin ca x hi chuyn i phng php, ni dung, i mi chng trnh o to theo xu hng rt gn thi gian ln lp, tng cng t hc, t nghin cu; l thuyt gn vi thc tin, vi thc hin n, ch trng trang b cc kin thc v kinh t, vn ha, x hi cho cc sinh vin chuyn ngnh quy.

Ngi xa ni d bt bin ng vn bin, nhn bit c bn cht khng i ca s vt, hin tng ng x vi thin bin vn ha ca x hi l cn thit trong mi lnh vc cng nh i vi o to Kin trc s Quy hoch trong giai on mi ny.


n: Quy hoch chung xy dng thnh ph Kontum n nm 2030Sinh vin: ng Minh Hong. Kha hc 2004Q. Gio vin hng dn: TS.KTS. Nguyn Xun HInh


TIN Tc & S KIN

Khoa Xy dng, Trng }i hc Kin trc Thnh ph H Ch Minh v Trng }i hc Kin trc H Ni - S gn kt lch s

TS. Chung Bc iTrng Khoa Xy dng, Trng }i hoc Kin trc TP. H Ch Minh

Thng i cng tc H Ni, nhng ti cha c dp gh thm Trng i hc Kin trc H Ni. Tht tnh c, trong mt chuyn i cng tc Cn Th trong khun kh n o to nhn lc cc tnh min Ty Nam B ca Trng i hc Kin trc TP. HCM, ti rt may mn c thy nh c, nguyn Hiu trng Trng i hc Kin trc H Ni, dn i thm Trng Kin trc H Ni qua mt ca khc rt hay vit v ma thu ca tc gi L An Tuyn Ma thu sang. Giai iu v ca t ca bi ht hay n ni ti thuc lng sau khi nghe vi ln trn YouTube. c bit, nhng hnh nh lng mn nh l vng ri trong sn trng, nhng bc tng vng c v mi gi ru phong ca Trng i hc Kin trc H Ni trong video clip c ng mi trong ti. Ti thm ngh, nht nh ti s n thm nhng bc tng vng c v mi gi ru phong lng mn ny trong mt ngy khng xa.

iu ti mong mun cng n. Ln ny, ti rt vinh d dn on cc thy c Khoa Xy dng Trng i hc Kin trc TP. HCM ra thm, hc hi v lm vic vi cc thy c Khoa Xy dng Trng i hc Kin trc H Ni trong khun kh hp tc v trao i chuyn mn gia hai trng. Lc ti n khng phi ma thu m l ma h. Tri nng v oi bc nhng s n tip nng hu nh nhng ngi bn xa lu nm gp li ca tt c cc thy c Ban Gim hiu Nh trng v Khoa Xy dng mang n khng kh ti mt v tnh cm chn tnh trong sut thi gian on chng ti H Ni.

Trong khun kh chuyn cng tc, on chng ti c hot ng tham gia hi ng chm n tt nghip k s xy dng ca Khoa Xy dng. Chng ti quan st v hc tp c rt nhiu iu t cch t chc v nh gi cht lng n ca sinh vin. Trong gi gii lao ca ngy bo v tt nghip, chng ti cn c thy Trng Khoa v cc Thy C Khoa Xy Dng nhit tnh dn i tham quan v gii thiu v cc phng th nghim hin i phc v cng tc o to cng nh qu trnh hnh thnh v pht trin ca Khoa Xy dng trong gn 40 nm qua. Vi b dy truyn thng gn 40 nm o to k s xy dng, Khoa v ang cung cp ngun nhn lc xy dng cht lng cao cho c nc.

Bn cnh s gn kt v mt hnh chnh gia hai trng Kin trc H Ni v TP. HCM l cng trc thuc B Xy Dng, gia Khoa Xy Dng ca hai Trng cn c s gn kt v lch s hnh thnh. l nhng Thy C t nn mng u tin cho Khoa Xy dng i hc Kin trc TP. HCM nh Thy V Mnh Hng, Thy Nguyn Tr Dng tng l cn b cng tc ti Khoa Xy dng i hc Kin trc H Ni trc khi vo TP. HCM. Ti hy vng

s gn kt lch s ny s c ccth h lnh o tip theo ca hai Khoa tip tc k tha v pht trin thng qua cc hot ng trao i, hp tc v hc tp ln nhau trong cng tc nghin cu khoa hc v ging dy.

Ti chc chn s chn ma thu n thm Trng i hc Kin trc H Ni mt ln na cm nhn c v quyn r ca nhng bc tng v mi ngi ru phong. Nhn dp k nim 40 nm truyn thng o to k s xy dng ca Khoa Xy dng, ti xin c i dng cm ngh v Trng v v Khoa Xy dng. Ti xin chc Khoa Xy dng Trng i hc Kin trc H Ni lun lun pht trin bn vng, lun lun i u trong cng tc o to ngun nhn lc cht lng cao trong c nc v lun l ngi anh kt nghaca Khoa Xy dng Trng i hc Kin trc Thnh ph H Ch Minh./.


Nhng nm thng sinh vin l thi gian t do v qu gi. Sinh vin c n mt mi trng nng ng, ci m v t do c c hi hc tp, khm ph, kt bn mi, m rng tm nhn v hiu bit, ... Nhim v ca trng i hc khng nhng trang b cho sinh vin nhng kin thc c bn, m cn to mi trng cng nh cc iu kin thun li, sinh vin xy dng v pht huy nhng phm cht v nng lc ca mnh mt cch hiu qu nht. Khi nhim v ny hon thnh th nh trng c th t ho v sinh vin ca mnh, v sinh vin t ho v trng i hc ca mnh. t c mc tiu ny cc nc Chu u trong qu trnh o to K s xy dng rt ch trng cc yu t sau.

Chng trnh hc: S lng cc mn hc v ni dung cc mn hc

Hin ti, thi gian hc ly bng k s xy dng Vit Nam di hn so vi cc trng i hc Chu u. Xu hng hin nay l gim bt nhng mn hc khng thc s cn thit, hoc nhng mn hc m sinh vin c th t tm hiu. Nhng mn hc c nhng mc ch m h khng nhng lng ph thi gian v tui tr ca sinh vin, m cn nh hng n th gii quan v nhn sinh quan ca h. Khi mc ch m h th ngi dy v ngi hc rt d c thi h hng vi cng vic.

Vi nhng cng c tnh ton hin nay, th nhng mn hc nh phn tch phi tuyn hnh hc, phn tch do, m phng kt cu, lp trnh cn c hc v hc nhiu. Phn tch do cc kt cu t, kt cu b tng, kt cu thp thch hp hn phn tch n hi.

Khi sinh vin c nn tng tt v ton, c, lp trnh v c c ting Anh, th vic t hc hay hc tip tc sau i hc l rt d dng v thun li.

Phng php dy v hc

Mi mn hc u c bi ging ring (do ging vin t bin son hoc xin php s dng li ca cc trng i hc uy tn). Tt c cc lp u c hc chung mt bi ging thng nht. Bi ging (gm l thuyt c bn v cc bi tp) c chun b rt k, v lun c cp nht, lm mi.

Phn l thuyt c bn nn gp hai lp li, c th n 100 sinh vin hoc hn, do nhng ngi c kinh nghim v nm vng l thuyt ging. Ngoi vic ging gii l thuyt mt cch thu o, ging vin cn c kh nng dn dt sinh vin t tm ti v t m rng kin thc.

Phn bi tp v thc hnh th chia theo nhm hoc lp, do nhng ngi c k nng thnh tho hng dn. Cc bi tp rt c th v c cha cn thn. Ni chung,

thi gian lm bi tp trn lp t hn mt cht hoc bng so vi thi gian hc l thuyt, iu ny khng c ngha l hc l thuyt t, m sinh vin phi t c thm nhiu. c im ca nghnh k thut l sinh vin phi c trang b cc k nng: tnh ton, c lng, phn on, quyt nh, trnh by, Vic lm nhiu bi tp khng nhng rn luyn cc k nng, m cn gip sinh vin hiu thu o c l thuyt, m l thuyt i khi khng d hiu.

Sinh vin phi c rt nhiu v lm nhiu bi tp cho mt mn hc. Sinh vin rt bn rn v chu p lc hc tp ln. p lc cng vic chnh l mt nhn t to nn sinh vin ti nng, lm vic chm ch, v nhit tnh hng hi.

Sinh vin lun c gii thiu v p dng nhng cng c v phng php mi nht. Sau khi c gii thiu, sinh vin c th t tm hiu v lm ch cc kh nng ca cc cng c . Nh vy, lm ch mt cng c th cn c hai yu t chnh: 1) l c ngi gii thiu v kh nng ca cng c v 2) l kh nng t hc ca sinh vin. c th gii thiu c v t hc c, th li cn c mt cng c khc l ngoi ng, c bit l ting Anh.

Th vin

Th vin nh trng cn c sch ca cc nh khoa hc c ting v thit thc vi ging vin, sinh vin. Vic mua sch cho th vin, mi chuyn ngnh my quyn l trong tm tay i vi mt khoa hay trng i hc. Cc ch nhim b mn s t vn cho nh trng nhng quyn sch nn mua. Vic c cc bn gc gip ngi c c cch tip cn ch ng hn so vi vic c cc bn dch.

tit kim m vn c th tip cn c ngun ti nguyn phong ph, th th vin nh trng cn lin kt cho vi cc th vin khc mn li v cho mn ti liu (cc trng i hc CHLB c lm theo cch ny). Khi c ngi cn mt ti liu (sch hay bi bo khoa hc) m th vin khng c, th cn b th vin s c nhim v mn t cc th vin lin kt phc v ngi c. V d sch v phn t hu hn th th vin H Bch Khoa H ni kh y , cc bi bo khoa hc th t hng Th vin Khoa hc k thut Trung ng,

Vn phng b mn

Mi b mn phi c mt vn phng, sao cho mi ging vin c mt ch ngi, v mt cha kha c th i sm v mun. Trong vn phng v hnh lang dn n vn phng th c treo cc poster gii thiu hng nghin cu ca mi ngi (hay mi nhm)./.

Mt s yu t m bo cht lng o to qua kinh nghim o to k s xy dng ca Chu u

TS. Phm Ph Tnh

Khai mc bo v tt nghip K s Xy dng, i hc Kin trc H Ni

Gp mt sinh vin d thi Olimpic c hc ton quc 2011-2012


TIN Tc & S KIN

1. M u

Hn 15 nm tr li y, trong cng cuc i mi v hi nhp, nn kinh t nc ta thu c nhiu thnh tu to ln. Mt trong nhng biu hin r nt l s chuyn mnh mnh m mang tnh t ph ca ngnh Xy dng. Cc t chc t vn xy dng trc y phn ln theo c ch bao cp, thc hin theo k hoch phn giao, nay tr thnh cc cng ty hch ton, tng bc chuyn sang c ch th trng v thc hin cc chc nng, nhim v mang tnh tng hp hn so vi trc y ch l chc nng thit k n thun. Cc dch v t vn trong hot ng xy dng ngy cng a dng, phong ph v s lng v tim cn dn ti ngh t vn xy dng theo thng l quc t.

K s t vn xy dng l nhng ngi c trnh chuyn mn thc hin cng tc t vn xy dng. Cc c nhn ny nm trong t chc t vn xy dng, l nhng n v chuyn ngnh, hot ng c lp v mt php l v thc hin cc dch v t vn theo hp ng.

Nng lc ca t chc t vn xy dng (gi tt l doanh nghip) ph thuc quyt nh vo trnh ca cc k s t vn xy dng - mt ngun nhn lc trnh cao ca t chc. Ngun nhn lc ny c o to v nng cao nh th no c th p ng c nhng yu cu v lng v cht trong giai on xy dng v pht trin t nc hin nay. l nhng vn lin quan ti ni dung trang b kin thc, k nng cho k s t vn tng lai cng nh qu trnh o to, hnh thc o to trong thc tin Vit Nam hin nay.

2. o to ngun nhn lc trng i hc

Giai on o to trong trng i hc ng mt vai tr rt quan trng trong o to ngun nhn lc cho ngh t vn xy dng. Nh trng trang b cho cc k s t vn tng lai cc kin thc c bn, c s, chuyn ngnh v cc kin thc tng hp khc v xy dng.

Nh chng ta bit, cht lng o to c quyt nh bi ba yu t sau: i) Ni dung chng trnh v phng php; ii) i ng ging vin; iii) C s vt cht.

i chiu vi tng yu t p ng c yu cu ca ngh t vn xy dng, cc c s o to hc nc ta cn phi vt qua nhng khong cch nht nh c th cung ng u vo c cht lng cho cc t chc t vn xy dng. xy ra tnh trng nh vy, ngoi nhng nguyn nhn khch quan trong lch s xy dng v pht trin t nc, mt trong nhng nguyn nhn c bn l c s tch bit gia c s o to v c s s dng.

Trong c ch kinh t th trng, san lp dn mc tch bit ny, mt mt i hi c s o to phi t

iu chnh v thay i nng cao cht lng sn phm ca mnh. o to theo a ch, o to theo nhu cu x hi l xu hng hp thi i. Cc yu t quyt nh nng cao cht lng o to phi c ci tin ph hp vi iu kin c th ca Vit Nam v tng bc nng cao ln tm khu vc v quc t. Mt khc, cc k s t vn tng lai sau khi c trang b cc kin thc c bn t trng i hc, cn rn luyn v trau di nng cao thao tc trong qu trnh hnh ngh. l nhng yu cu i hi i vi cc c s s dng ngun nhn lc v o to nng cao trong qu trnh hot ng

3. o to ngun nhn lc trong doanh nghip

3.1. Quan im v mc tiu o to nng cao

c c cc k s t vn (gi tt l nhn vin) bit cch lm vic v t hiu qu cao, trc ht phi c quan im o to nng cao mt cch ng n v phng php o to ph hp vi c th v chin lc pht trin kinh doanh ca mi doanh nghip.

Cc nh lnh o doanh nghip phi coi o to nh mt s u t; bit chn v quyt nh nhng th mnh cn; bit tm v s dng cc phng php o to thch hp nht; bit chn nng lc ca nhn vin (s trng, s on) t vo v tr, a bn hp l nht.

3.2. o to thng qua qu trnh t hc

Cc nh qun l cn to iu kin cho nhn vin t hc. T hc nng cao nng lc thng qua vic nhn vin c giao mt cng vic vt qu nhng g h bit, bt buc h phi hc hi thm nhng k nng mi hon thnh nhim v c giao. Bit cch giao nhim v vt qu kh nng mt cch hp l v la chn c nhn vin c trin vng pht trin thc hin cng vic s a n kt qu l doanh nghip c nhiu nhn vin ti nng, cn nhn vin li c c hi hc hi cc k nng mi, c iu kin quan h v thng tin.

Trong qu trnh thc hin "t hc" cn ch mt s vn c lin quan n iu kin (la chn nhng nhn vin c kh nng hon thnh nhim v qu nng lc); ng vin, khuyn khch ( nhn vin sn sng m nhn nhim v); ph hp (vi kh nng ca nhn vin); h tr (khi cn thit); chp nhn (tht bi ca nhn vin).

3.3. T o to nhn vin

Bao gm hai dng: hun luyn nhn vin mi v bi dng nhn vin ang lm vic.

Mc ch ca cng vic hun luyn nhn vin mi l gip nhn vin t tin khi ho nhp vi mi trng mi v

Mt vi suy ngh v o to pht trin ngun nhn lc cho hot ng t vn xy dng Vit Nam

TS. Trn Thanh Bnh, TS. Chu Tun HVin Nghin cu Thit k Trng hc, B GD v }T

nhanh chng thch nghi vi cng vic. Trong qu trnh hun luyn, cn ch ti cc iu sau: i) La chn ngi o to t nhng nhn vin c c kinh nghim, chuyn mn v hiu bit. ii) Xy dng mi quan h tng tc c nhn ngay t bui u lm vic, gii thiu lch s v truyn thng c quan, thng bo cc quy nh, nguyn tc, chnh sch i vi nhn vin; b my t chc ca c quan. iii) Tin hnh o to nhim v chuyn mn v nhng k nng c bn nh giao tip, lm vic nhm, phi hp gia cc nhm. iv) Tm hiu nhng tim nng, nguyn vng cng tc ca nhn vin mi lm tin hoch nh tip theo.

i vi nhn vin ang trong qu trnh lm vic km cp l phng php t o to ph hp nht. Qu trnh dy - hc xut pht t l thuyt, ng dng vo thc t v t kt qu c c, soi ri li l thuyt p dng.

Trnh t ca hnh thc o to ny din ra nh sau: i) Xc nh phn cng vic v giao cho nhn vin da trn kh nng ca h, km theo k hoch v mc tiu. ii) Hng dn l thuyt. iii) Lm mu, gii p thc mc, un nn sai st. iv) Nhn vin thc hin, ngi hng dn theo di tin v kt qu. v) Tho lun, phn tch, c rt kinh nghim.

3.4. Doanh nghip t chc cc kho hc tp trung.

Hnh thc o to ny gip doanh nghip ch ng trong vic la chn ni dung chng trnh mnh cn o to v cht lng i ng nhn vin.

Trong hnh thc o to ny cn lu ti s hi ho gia tnh hn lm v tnh thc tin trong chng trnh, trnh hc thut v kinh nghim thc t ca cc ging vin.

T chc nh gi kt qu o to v chuyn giao kt qu vo thc hin cng vic l vic bt buc phi lm, v t mi c th quyt nh khuyn khch duy tr hnh thc o to ny hay tm mt hng khc ph hp hn.

4. Kt lun

Ngun nhn lc ph thuc rt nhiu vo cht lng ca qu trnh o to kin thc c bn t cc trng i hc v o to nng cao k nng ti cc doanh nghip. Hai qu trnh o to ny cn phi c gn kt li vi nhau hay ni mt cch khc cn phi xo b cng nhiu cng tt s tch bit gia c s o to v c s s dng v mc tiu, quyn li v nhu cu, to tin doanh nghip pht trin n nh v bn vng.

o to v pht trin ngun nhn lc cho cc doanh nghip ni chung v c bit l cc t chc t vn xy dng nc ta trong nhng nm gn y ngy cng c quan tm v cht lng i ng k s t vn tng bc nng cao, gp phn quan trng a cng cuc cng nghip ho v hin i ho t nc ln nhng tm cao mi./.

Ti liu tham kho

1. Mark H. Mc Cormack "Nhng iu trng Harvard khng dy bn"

2. 2. Mark H. Mc Cormack "Nhng iu trng Harvard vn khng dy bn"

3. 3. T Internet L ng Doanh, H Nguyn, Amy W.Schuman, Michall Porter, Jeff Alef, Waren Benis...

4. 4. Dorothy Hayden-Warkins "Qun l ngun nhn lc v k nng lnh o" Ferederich


i thoi vi sinh vin khoa xy dng nm hc 2011-2012

Hi tho khoa hc ca B mn Cng trnh ngm - Khoa Xy dng

L bo v tt nghip ca sinh vin khoa Xy dng

Tiu ban chm n tt nghip khoa Xy dng


Khoa hc & CNG NGH

trong qu trnh thc hin cng nghip ha, hin i ha ca ngnh.

Xt tng th, s pht trin vt bc v quy m nn kinh t vi nhiu ngnh kinh t mi hnh thnh, vic hng trm nghn doanh nghip mi ra i, tin hnh trin khai hn 10.000 d n u t nc ngoi, s pht trin mnh m ca cng nghip v dch v i hi nn kinh t phi c b sung hng trm nghn lao ng c trnh i hc v cao ng, hng vn thc s v hng nghn tin s. y l lc lng nng ct lm ch k thut cng ngh, qun l cc doanh nghip v thc hin cng tc qun l nh nc cc cp. Cng vi s pht trin ca nn kinh t, trong nhng nm qua t trng tng sn phm ngnh Xy dng khng ngng tng, t 3,35% (nm 2000) tng ln 6,65% (nm 2009). Theo mc tiu chin lc pht trin kinh t - x hi ca t nc n nm 2020 nc ta c bn tr thnh nc cng nghip theo hng hin i, t trng cc ngnh cng nghip v dch v chim 85% GDP [1], ngnh Xy dng xy dng chin lc pht trin 10 nm 2011-2020 ca ngnh v mt trong cc ni dung c B Xy dng quan tm l vn pht trin nhn lc ca ngnh trong thi gian ti.

Nhn lc ngnh Xy dng rt a dng, t nhn lc nghin cu, o to n nhn lc qun l nh nc v xy dng, t nhn lc trn cng trng n nhn lc t vn, thit k. Trong lc lng nhn lc , cc k s xy dng dn dng v cng nghip chim t l ln nht trong s cn b chuyn ngnh c o to trnh i hc, c mt vai tr ni bt v quan trng trong vic thc hin cc nhim v ca ngnh. i ng k s ny m nhim cc v tr cng tc rt a dng: tham gia cng tc qun l nh nc trong lnh vc xy dng, qun l cc d n xy dng, thc hin cc cng vic t vn thit k, t vn gim st, ch o v iu hnh trc tip cng tc thi cng trn cng trng v cc nhim v khc. Sau mt qu trnh hot ng v thc hin i mi, hin nay cc doanh nghip t vn, kho st, thit k v thi cng xy dng c ti c cu vi xu hng nng cao nng lc bng nhn lc qun l cht lng cao, pht trin khoa hc cng ngh xy dng v nng lc ti chnh tng cng sc cnh tranh trn th trng trong nc, khu vc v quc t. iu i hi i ng k s xy dng ra trng phi c trnh cao, c nng lc thc s, lm ch c cc cng ngh hin i, p ng c nhim v trong thi k mi. Mt trong nhng c th ca s pht trin xy dng Vit Nam hin nay v trong giai on ti l xu th cc cng trnh c quy m ln v tnh phc tp cao s c u t mnh, yu cu nm bt cc cng ngh xy dng hin i ca cc nc pht trin l ht sc cn thit i vi k s xy dng nu chng ta khng mun b mt th phn ngay trn chnh th trng xy dng trong nc. Thc t t ra cc yu cu ngy mt cao i vi k s xy dng khi ra trng. Ngoi cc kin thc chuyn mn ni chung, ti cc v tr cng vic khc nhau k s xy dng cn c trang b, nng cao thm cc cc k nng, nng lc khc ngay t khi ngi trn gh nh trng m s pht trin ca nn kinh t tri thc t ra.

i vi k s lm vic ti cc doanh nghip cn p ng cc yu cu:

- C nng lc v trnh chuyn mn p ng cc nhim v trong thi k mi, cc yu cu hi nhp quc t;

- Nng lc tip cn cng ngh mi, nng cao kh nng cnh tranh cho doanh nghip. C kh nng nh gi cng ngh, la chn cng ngh, tip thu v trin khai cc cng ngh tin tin;

- Kh nng lm vic vi chuyn gia nc ngoi trong qu trnh chuyn giao cng ngh, iu hnh, sn xut v thc hin cng tc t vn.

i vi cc k s lm cng tc nghin cu cn c trang b cc k nng sau:

- Kh nng s dng thnh tho cc ngoi ng chnh, hiu bit vn ha v c kh nng giao lu quc t, nht l cc nc c trnh KHCN pht trin, c nn gio dc tin tin;

- Hiu bit lut php quc t, cc ng x ph hp v cc thng l quc t trong cc hi tho, hi ngh;

- Kh nng tin hc chuyn su phc v cng tc, kh nng s dng cc phng tin thng tin tm kim, khai thc thng tin;

- Kh nng tham gia trong cc t chc KHCN quc t, tham gia cc hi tho, vit bi trn tp ch quc t v c kh nng tham gia o to, ging dy ti cc trng i hc hng u th gii.

i vi k s cng tc ti cc c quan hnh chnh, qun l v xy dng:

- C hiu bit php lut, hnh chnh trong lnh vc xy dng, c kh nng c th ha thnh lut, vn bn di lut v s cng nhn, tun th tiu chun k thut, cht lng sn phm...;

- hiu bit, trnh tham gia, hng dn thc thi cc cng c quc t.

V s lng, theo Nin gim thng k nm 2010, nhn lc ngnh xy dng khng chim s lng v t l ln nhng c c im tng lin tc p ng yu cu ngy cng ln trong lnh vc cng nghip xy dng [4]. S lng lao ng trong ngnh Xy dng nm 2010 t 2,7 triu ngi, tng 1,4 ln so vi nm 2004, d kin quy hoch n nm 2020 s t 4 triu ngi. V c cu nhu cu lao ng ngnh xy dng, t nay n nm 2020 trong ngnh Xy dng s c 3 triu ngi c o to, o to ngh l 2,2 triu ngi, trung cp chuyn nghip l 480 nghn ngi, gio dc i hc l 320 nghn ngi [5].

Nh vy, c th nhn thy p ng giai on cng nghip ha, hin i ha pha trc, vic o to k s xy dng dn dng v cng nghip so vi i ng nhn lc c o to ngh trong ngnh Xy dng khng yu cu pht trin qu cao v s lng nhng vn phi m bo tng hng nm khong 1,3 ln. Vn quan trng hn l yu cu v cht lng k s xy dng trong thi gian ti phi c bc pht trin mnh m c th lm ch, pht trin khoa hc cng ngh trong lnh vc xy dng, a cc doanh nghip, tp on xy dng nc ta thc hin tt nhim v chung ca ngnh, ng thi tng cng sc cnh tranh trn th trng trong nc, khu vc v quc t.

2. nh gi thc trng cng tc o to k s xy dng dn dng v cng nghip trong thi gian qua

Trong thi gian qua, c th ni cng tc o to k s

}o to k s xy dng dn dng v cng nghip p ng yu cu cng nghip ha, hin i ha }t nc

PGS.TS. Phm Minh HTS. V Hong Hip

Tm tt phn u t mc tiu n nm 2020 nc

ta c bn tr thnh mt nc cng nghip theo hng hin i cn c nhng nh hng c th,

chnh sch hp l cng s n lc ca tt c cc ngnh cng nghip cu thnh trong nn kinh t

quc dn trong c cng nghip xy dng. Ni dung bi vit ny cp n cng tc o to k

s xy dng dn dng v cng nghip: Cc yu cu t ra trong cng cuc cng nghip ha, hin

i ha, cc thnh tu t c, nhng vn tn ti v xut mt s gii php nhm m bo vic cung cp ngun nhn lc c cht lng

gp phn thc hin nhim v cng nghip ha, hin i ha ca ngnh Xy dng trong thi k

mi.

AbstractTo strive for our countrys aim to 2020 basically

become a modern industrial country need to have a specific orientation, a appropriate

policy and the efforts of all the industries of the national economy, including the construction

industry. This paper refers to the training of civil engineers: The requirements to be set forth in

the cause of industrialization and modernization; The achievements; The existed problems and

propose some solutions to ensure the provision a quality human resources, contribute to carry out

the task of industrialization and modernization of the construction industry in the new period.

1. Nhng yu cu i vi cng tc o to k s xy dng dn dng v cng nghip trong thi k cng nghip ha, hin i ha t nc

T khi bc vo thi k i mi nm 1986, cng vi vic tng bc pht trin nn kinh t th trng nh hng XHCN, gii phng cc lc lng sn xut, chuyn dch c cu kinh t, i mi c ch qun l, ch ng hi nhp kinh t quc t, ng v Nh nc ta xc nh cng nghip ha, hin i ha l mt qu trnh m trong s dng nng lc, kinh nghim, tr tu, bn lnh ca con ngi to ra v s dng cc thnh tu khoa hc k thut, cng ngh hin i to c nng sut lao ng cao, tng tc pht trin ca nn kinh t, i mi mi lnh vc ca i sng x hi nhm hng ti mt x hi vn minh v hin i. Chnh v vy m mun thc hin cng nghip ha, hin i ha i hi phi c mt lc lng lao ng c cht lng cao.

Trn c s , trong qu trnh thc hin nhim v cng nghip ha, hin i ha, ngnh Xy dng cng khng th thiu mt lc lng cn b k thut c trnh cao bn cnh i ng cng nhn lnh ngh pht trin k thut, lm ch cc cng ngh hin i nhm to ra cc sn phm cht lng tt, nng sut cao. V tr ca ngnh xy dng l rt c bit trong qu trnh thc hin cng nghip ha, hin i ha v n to ra cc iu kin c s vt cht c bn cho s pht trin. S pht trin ca ngnh cng nghip ny khng th tch ri cc ngnh cng nghip khc m l c s, l iu kin cc ngnh cng nghip khc pht trin v ngc li cng nh s pht trin ca cng nghip ni chung th cng nghip xy dng mi pht trin. Trong qu trnh thc hin cng nghip ha, hin i ha t nc, c cu kinh t chuyn dch, nng nghip c c cu li, cng nghip tng trng cao, qu trnh th ha pht trin mnh m lm pht sinh mt nhu cu rt ln v nh , vn phng, nh xng... T t ra nhim v ln cho ngnh Xy dng cn gii quyt: thc hin cc cng vic xy dng c khi lng rt ln trong thi gian ngn. thc hin c nhim v trong giai on ny, bn thn ngnh Xy dng cn tin hnh cng nghip ha, hin i ha hn lc no ht to ra c cc sn phm cht lng vi nng sut cao, hiu qu cao. Phn u bi vit ny, chng ti xin tp trung phn tch cc yu cu t ra i vi cng tc o to k s xy dng dn dng v cng nghip, mt lc lng lao ng trnh cao c tnh ch lc



Khoa hc & CNG NGH

lng ging dy ca cc t chc kim nh c lp, ca sinh vin i vi ging vin, phn hi v d bo ca cc hi ngh nghip i vi hot ng o to cha c y mnh.

3. Mt s gii php xut nhm gp phn nng cao cht lng o to k s xy dng dn dng v cng nghip trong giai on mi

Nhm p ng yu cu cng nghip ha, hin i ha v hi nhp ca t nc ta trong giai on mi, nng cao cht lng o to k s xy dng ni chung v k s xy dng dn dng v cng nghip ni ring, chng ti thy cn thc hin ng b mt s gii php sau:

a) Khng ngng nng cao cht lng i ng cn b qun l v cn b ging dy

Lun ch trng cng tc bi dng, quy hoch cn b lnh o v qun l, cn b khoa hc u n, bo m tnh k tha.

Tng cng cng tc bi dng chuyn mn, nghip v, trnh ngoi ng cho cn b ging dy, bi dng cc kin thc qun l v khoa hc gio dc cho cn b qun l.

Xy dng, hon thin quy ch tuyn dng cn b ging dy, xy dng n v k hoch trin khai nhm pht trin i ng ging vin lin tc v bn vng.

M rng quan h, hp tc vi cc t chc, cc trng trong khu vc v th gii, tng cng trao i hc thut vi chuyn gia cc nc ngoi.

Tng cng t ch ti chnh cho cc c s o to, m rng ngun thu lm c s lin tc bi dng v chuyn mn, nng cao i sng cho cn b ging vin.

b) Thng xuyn cp nht, ci tin i mi ni dung chng trnh o to

Chng trnh o to ng mt vai tr ht sc quan trng trong vic m bo nh hng o to ni chung v cht lng o to ni ring. V vy cn c bit quan tm ti vic xy dng cng nh cp nht, hiu chnh cc chng trnh o to m bo tnh khoa hc v thc tin, p ng nhu cu ging dy v hc tp cho tng chuyn ngnh; xy dng hon chnh, ng b, cp nht trn c s ph hp s mng, mc tiu gio dc o to v chc nng nhim v ca nh trng nhm nng cao cht lng o to, ho nhp vi quc t, ng thi gn kt c nhu cu hc tp ca sinh vin, nhu cu v ngun nhn lc ca th trng lao ng.

Tip tc tin hnh i mi ni dung chng trnh o to bc i hc v sau i hc; xy dng chng trnh o to c xt n vic lin thng gia cc trnh ; xy dng cc chng trnh o to hp tc vi cc trng i hc trn th gii.

nh k r sot nhm hon thin v nng cao cht lng cc chng trnh o to. Tng cng cng tc nh gi, ly kin gp t cc nh tuyn dng lao ng, cc doanh nghip, cc sinh vin v ging vin i vi cc chng trnh gio dc, o to ca nh trng.

c) Nghin cu i mi phng php ging dy

i mi phng php ging dy v hc tp phi gn

lin theo hng pht trin nng lc t hc, t nghin cu v kh nng lm vic tp th ca ngi hc. Vic phn u m bo cht lng l mc tiu m cc trng i hc phi lun vn ti c khng nh v thng hiu v c xp hng. V vy, i mi phng php ging dy l mt yu t cn thit v bt buc.

Pht hin cc nhn t tch cc ph bin, hc tp v nhn rng; c hnh thc ng vin khuyn khch v vt cht v tinh thn thch hp i vi ging vin.

Khuyn khch cc phng php hc tp tch cc trong sinh vin, coi trng o to nng lc t duy hn l nhng kin thc c th v sinh vin s khng hc c g nu ch n lp nghe ging, ghi nh cc dng bi tp lm bi kim tra, sinh vin cn c trao i nhng iu c hc, lin h vo thc t, s hu v vn dng nhng kin thc c tip thu.

Tng cng s tip xc gia ging vin v sinh vin trong v ngoi lp hc, ng thi to iu kin sinh vin c c hi pht trin nng khiu v cch thc hc tp ring ca mnh, khuyn khch s chia s v kin thc v kinh nghim hc tp trong sinh vin.

Tng cng vic bin son cc gio trnh in t; b sung v cp nht gio trnh, ti liu ging dy trong v ngoi nc.

i mi phng php nh gi kt qu hc tp ca sinh vin, tng cng nh gi qua qu trnh hc, thi vn p, bi tp, tiu lun, cc n phi c chm theo phng php trnh by, bo v...

d) y mnh cc hot ng o to

M rng qui m cc hot ng o to, a dng ho v mm do v phng thc o to nhm p ng nhu cu ngy cng tng ca ngi hc v yu cu nng cao trnh nhn lc cho th trng lao ng. Trin khai hnh thc o to theo nhu cu, theo a ch. Tip tc hon thin phng thc o to theo tn ch.

Tip tc cng tc o to v bi dng ging vin, coi l trng tm xuyn sut mi hot ng, l ng lc chnh cho s pht trin bn vng ca nh trng. Hp tc vi nc ngoi t chc nhiu kho o to ngn hn cho ging vin.

Ch ng u t c s vt cht p ng cho cc hot ng o to, ci tin phng php v qui trnh kim tra nh gi ngi hc.

Tng cng cc m hnh lin kt o to kt hp vi cc trng i hc quc t. Lp k hoch xy dng n pht trin cc m hnh lin kt o to vi cc trng i hc trong khu vc v trn th gii.

e) Ch trng cng tc sinh vin

Trong giai on hin nay, khi cc trng v ang chuyn i m hnh o to t h nin ch sang h tn ch, vic qun l sinh vin trong cc trng c nhng thay i ng k so vi trc y. V vy, nh trng, cc khoa, phng Chnh tr - Cng tc sinh vin, on Thanh nin, Hi sinh vin... cn nghin cu cc bin php tng cng cng tc gio dc thc t ch, t chu trch nhim ca sinh vin.

xy dng dn dng v cng nghip c nhng thnh cng khng nh, ng gp mt phn quan trng trong nhim v chung ca ngnh:

- Vi s lng 2 trng i hc thuc ngnh Xy dng, cng 41 trng i hc ngoi ngnh tham gia o to k s cc chuyn ngnh xy dng trong c k s xy dng dn dng v cng nghip, cung cp lc lng nhn lc trnh cao cho ngnh xy dng. Ch ring nm 2010, cc trng thuc ngnh Xy dng o to c 3448 ngi, cc trng ngoi ngnh o to c 6875 ngi c trnh i hc chuyn ngnh xy dng. Trong s ny c tnh c 1/3 l k s xy dng dn dng v cng nghip. Vi s lng c o to hng nm, i ng k s xy dng chim phn quan trng v nhn lc trnh cao ca ngnh m trch nhim v ti cc c quan qun l nh nc v xy dng, cc vin nghin cu, cc trng o to, cc doanh nghip xy dng, p ng c bn yu cu pht trin kinh t ca cc vng min, ca c nn kinh t ni chung;

- a s sinh vin hc chuyn ngnh xy dng dn dng v cng nghip khi ra trng u c th tm c vic lm ph hp vi chuyn mn;

- Phn ln cc k s xy dng dn dng v cng nghip sau khi ra trng nhanh chng thch ng vi cng vic thc t, c kh nng tip thu v lm ch nhiu cng ngh xy dng tin tin trn th gii c p dng vo trong nc;

- Ni dung o to, phng php ging dy, gio trnh o to c nhiu i mi, p ng mt phn yu cu t thc t sn xut, t nn kinh t ngy cng pht trin;

- i ng ging vin ngy cng ln mnh, t l ging vin c trnh trn i hc ngy cng tng;

Bn cnh nhng thnh tu thu c, cng tc o to k s xy dng dn dng v cng nghip cng cn nhiu tn ti, hn ch. C nhng hn ch, bt cp mang tnh cht chung ca c nn gio dc i hc trong nc, c nhng thc trng yu km cn gii quyt mang tnh c th ngnh ngh o to, c th tm lc nh sau:

- V c ch, chnh sch: cc trng trin khai Ngh nh 43/2006/N-CP v t ch, t chu trch nhim cn nhiu vng mc, c bit l c ch ti chnh. Cc trng khng c quyt nh mc thu hc ph theo ngnh o to, theo cht lng o to nn khng chi ph o to m bo cht lng ngun nhn lc trong thi k mi. Vn ny c B Xy dng rt quan tm, ngh Chnh ph tip tc i mi c ch cho cc trng cng lp, thm ch xut Chnh ph giao B Xy dng th im trong khi cha kp chnh sa b sung c ch [5];

- Tnh trng nhiu trng dn lp vi i ng ging vin cn hn ch c v s lng ln cht lng, c s vt cht, chng trnh o to, gio trnh... cha ng b vn tham gia o to chuyn ngnh gp phn to ra mt s lng k s cht lng cha cao, cha iu kin p ng nhim v thc t;

- Chng trnh o to c i mi khi chuyn sang h thng o to theo tn ch nhng vn cn mt s hn ch nh: cha tnh n vic lin thng gia cc trnh o to; vic ct gim thi lng ca cc mn hc, nht l cc mn chuyn ngnh c nh hng nhiu

n kt qu o to; thi lng t hc ca sinh vin theo quy nh cn mang tnh hnh thc (cha c s kim sot, nh gi trc tip ca ging vin). Bn thn chng trnh o to, ni dung ging dy cng cha p ng c yu cu hi nhp quc t;

- Phng php ging dy, kim tra nh gi chm c i mi. T l thi gian thc hnh cn t v cht lng thc hnh ca chuyn ngnh o to cn hn ch. Cng tc thc tp cng nhn, thc tp tt nghip ti cc cng trng, cc doanh nghip xy dng ni chung hiu qu cha cao, cha mang li nhiu kin thc thc t c ch cho sinh vin. S giao lu kin thc, trao i gio vin trong nc vi cc trng i hc tin tin nc ngoi cn hn ch, sinh vin t c c hi hc hi, tip cn cc kin thc mi m, cc cng ngh tin tin ca cc nc pht trin;

- V i ng ging dy: Mc d hng nm u c b sung i ng nhng s lng cn b ging dy ca chuyn ngnh hin ang cn thiu nhiu so vi yu cu do khi lng ging dy ngy cng tng v hin ti ang vt so vi quy nh ca nh mc qu nhiu. iu ny dn n tnh trng qu ti, gio vin t c thi gian trau gii chuyn mn, nghip v, trnh ngoi ng, dn n nh hng ti cht lng o to. T l ging vin c trnh tin s thp, ch xp x 10% so vi tng s ging vin i hc, cao ng trong 10 nm qua;

- V c s vt cht: Mt bng cc c s o to a s u cht hp, khun vin thiu tnh s phm, khng t tiu chun, khng p ng c quy m o to tng gp nhiu ln v yu cu khng ngng nng cao cht lng ph hp vi mc tiu hi nhp khu vc v quc t. H thng th vin tuy c u t c s vt cht nhng u t cho ti liu tham kho nht l cc ti liu mi ca nc ngoi cn hn ch, hu ht cc trng khng c h thng chia s ti nguyn trc tuyn lm hn ch nhiu kh nng t nghin cu nng cao trnh ca gio vin v kh nng t hc ca sinh vin ;

- Ngi hc: Cht lng u vo ca chuyn ngnh kh tt, tuy nhin ngi hc cn thi quen th ng, thiu thc t hc, t nghin cu, tm ti, sng to cng vi thc t s lng sinh vin ngy mt tng l nhng l do ng lo ngi v vn cht lng o to thi k chuyn sang h thng o to theo tn ch. Theo phn hi ca cc doanh nghip, nh tuyn dng, mt s lng khng nh sinh vin xy dng ra trng cn bi dng thm, thm ch phi o to li do h cn lng tng trong cng vic chuyn mn, nht l kin thc thc t, k nng thc hnh v trnh ngoi ng yu;

- S tham gia ca x hi, ca doanh nghip vo qu trnh o to cn hn ch. Cng tc nh gi, ly kin gp t cc nh tuyn dng lao ng, cc doanh nghip, cc sinh vin v ging vin i vi cc chng trnh o to ca c s o to cn cha c thc hin thng xuyn. Doanh nghip thiu s gn kt vi nh trng, th hin vic thiu cc chin lc hp tc trong cng tc o to nhn lc cho doanh nghip, thiu cc cc xut, yu cu c th v sn phm ca qu trnh o to, khng c cc hp ng t hng nghin cu khoa hc v thm ch khng c s h tr v ti chnh i vi c s o to trong khi lun c phn nn v cht lng k s ra trng khi tuyn dng nhn lc. Hot ng nh gi cht


Khoa hc & CNG NGH

Gi gn bn sc vn ha v pht trin kinh t a phng khu vc lng ngh truyn thng }ng K trong qu trnh th ha

PGS.TS. Nguyn T LngTm tt

ng K l mt lng ngh truyn thng sn xut v kinh doanh

g ni ting Vit Nam v th gii. Qu trnh th ha v ton cu ha

tc ng mnh m n s pht trin ca lng, nhiu thun li c khai thc nhng nhiu bt cp cng

hnh thnh, c bit l s thay i v phong cch kin trc v mt phn li sng ca dn c. Vic gi gn bn sc

ca lng trong khi vn phi duy tr s tng trng v kinh t - x hi l

ht sc cn thit.

Bi vit ny gii thiu tm tt thc trng kinh t - x hi ca lng v mt s

xut nhm gi gn bn sc vn ha v pht trin kinh t a phng lng ngh

truyn thng ng K trong qu trnh th ho v ton cu ha.

AbstractDong Ky is famous in Vietnam and

worldwide as a traditional village which trades and produces wood fine arts. The process of urbanization and globalization has many big effects on the development of the village, many

advantages are exploited but many disadvantages still remain, especially the changes of architectural style and one part of the residents life style. To preserve characteristics of the village while develop local socio-economy is

really necessary.

This paper introduces briefly the existing socio-economic situations of the village and some proposals

in order to preserve cultural characteristics and develop local

economics of Dong Ky traditional village in the process of urbanization

and globalization.

1. M u

Lng ngh ng K thuc phng ng K, th x T Sn, tnh Bc Ninh, c khong trn 140 doanh nghip kinh doanh v sn xut g m ngh. C n 95% trong tng s hn 3.000 h gia nh ng K tham gia sn xut g. Hng nm, gi tr xut khu ca ring sn phm g chim khong 65% gi tr xut khu ca cc sn phm lng ngh trong tnh, khong 37 triu USD. y l mt con s ln so vi cc lng ngh khc trong c nc. Sn phm g m ngh ca ng K tr nn ni ting, tiu th khp ton quc v xut khu sang nhiu quc gia nh Trung Quc, Hng Kng, i Loan, c, Php, Nga, M, Nht Bn, v khu vc ASEAN.

Qu trnh th ha v ton cu ha tc ng ln n s pht trin kinh t - x hi ca khu vc lng ngh ng K, c bit l s thay i v bn sc, phong cch kin trc v mt phn li sng ca khu vc lng ngh. S tng trng nhanh chng ca ng K v khu vc ln cn thc s dn n s pht trin ca mt loi hnh nhm nng ng v vng chc ca hot ng kinh t. Vn ln hn t ra cho chnh quyn a phng phi gii quyt l lm th no qun l nhng tc ng ca s tng trng v s cng nghip ha cc x nghip va v nh i vi cng ng dn c. C th, s tng trng ca loi hnh cng nghip ny dn n nhng tc hi v cht lng mi trng, s di chuyn mt lc lng lao ng ng k v p lc ln i vi qu t ca a phng.

Bi vit ny gii thiu tm tt thc trng kinh t - x hi ca lng ngh ng K v mt s xut nhm gi gn bn sc vn ha v pht trin kinh t a phng khu vc lng ngh truyn thng ng K trong qu trnh th ho v ton cu ha.

2. Thc trng kinh t - x hi lng ngh ng K

ng K l mt lng c s dn kh ln (khong 13.000 ngi nm 2006) cng vi t l sinh tng i cao v ang din ra qu trnh th ha nhanh chng. Theo s liu iu tra, thnh phn lao ng trong lnh vc nng nghip chim t l kh cao, t l lao ng trong cc ngnh dch v v sn xut tiu th cng nghip ang tng ln ng k song song vi qu trnh th ha.

Khng nm ngoi qu trnh lch s hnh thnh, ng K c lin kt cht ch bng cc mi quan h hng xm, lng ging, h hng v huyt thng. ng thi y l ng lc hnh thnh cc loi hnh kinh t c trng. Xut pht t nhng mi quan h rng buc cht ch ny, m hnh kinh t c th h gia nh c hnh thnh. N c bt ngun t s kt hp ca ngh gia truyn, ca anh em h tc, ca hng xm lng ging v ngh truyn thng ca lng c t thi xa xa.

Th cng nghip sn xut g m ngh xut khu ang l th mnh ln ca lng, vi thu nhp hng trm t ng mi nm, sn xut g m ngh khng ch gii quyt c cng n vic lm

Tng cng t chc cc hot ng h tr sinh vin trong hc tp, nghin cu khoa hc (cc cu lc b chuyn ngnh ca cc khoa, cc cuc thi sinh vin gii, thi Olympic, Festival) nhm to nn khng kh si ni trong hc tp, nghin cu khoa hc ca sinh vin.

f) y mnh cng tc nghin cu khoa hc v pht trin cng ngh

Thc hin i mi cng tc nghin cu khoa hc, t lp k hoch, qun l v trin khai thc hin. pht huy gi tr ca cng tc nghin cu khoa hc - chuyn giao cng ngh vo thc t, cn theo st yu cu thc t, tm hiu i tng s dng sn phm sau khi nghin cu (tm hiu, lin h vi cc c s sn xut c cng mt nhu cu, tm i tng t hng, ngun kinh ph), thng xuyn cp nht, nm bt thng tin vn dng v thc hin ng cc ch trng chnh sch pht trin khoa hc ca ng v Nh nc.

Ch o cc n v c s xy dng k hoch ng k cc nhim v khoa hc cng ngh theo ch dn ca cc cp qun l.

i mi cng tc qun l, khc phc cc tn ti, tng bc gim t l ti qu hn, tng s lng ging vin tham gia nghin cu thc hin cc ti. Ch trng thc hin cc ti c tnh ng dng phc v i sng x hi chuyn giao.

g) Tng cng cc hot ng hp tc quc t

Ch ng xy dng, trin khai v qun l cc chng trnh, d n hp tc quc t theo ch dn ca cc cp qun l. M rng cc hp tc vi nhiu t chc quc t, cc trng trn th gii; xy dng y cc vn bn phc v cng tc qun l, cc vn bn b sung sa i p ng vi thc t pht trin. Trong giai on mi, cn m rng hp tc quc t trn c s pht huy ti a ni lc, tranh th s h tr, u t t bn ngoi, trc ht l cc chng trnh, cc d n ca cc t chc Quc t v nc ngoi v gio dc.

h) Nng cp h thng thng tin th vin, trang thit b hc tp v c s vt cht khc

Tch cc khai thc cc ngun lc u t nng cp trang thit b phc v o to. Tn dng mi ngun lc, ch trng u t, b sung, nng cp thng xuyn cho h thng th vin; h thng cc phng thc hnh, th nghim m bo tnh hin i, tin tin, p ng yu cu ging dy, hc tp v nghin cu khoa hc ca cn b ging dy v sinh vin.

i) Chun ha, cng khai ti chnh v qun l ti chnh

Ch ng phn b, s dng hp l, cng khai minh bch, c hiu qu ngun kinh ph ca Nh nc. Cng tc qun l ti chnh phi cht ch, tun th ng cc ch , vn bn quy nh v php lut ca Nh nc. Xy dng v i mi cc quy ch qun l ti chnh, quy ch chi tiu ni b nhm tng cng c s vt cht trang thit b hc tp, ti liu gio trnh, p ng c mc tiu nng cao cht lng o to, nghin cu khoa hc v cc hot ng khc.

Cn trin khai m rng lin kt o to vi cc n v trong v ngoi nc. y mnh khu sn xut kinh doanh v dch v t vn kt hp gia hc vi ng dng to lp mt kh nng ti chnh ln mnh v bn vng trong c s o to.

4. Kt lun

Trong hn 50 nm qua, cc trng i hc ca chng ta o to c hng vn k s cho ngnh Xy dng, gp phn quan trng vo cng cuc xy dng v bo v T quc. nng cao cht lng o to i hc ni chung v cht lng o to k s xy dng dn dng v cng nghip ni ring, ng nhin khng ch c cc trng tham gia m cn cn s ch o kin quyt ca cc b, ngnh c lin quan, ca cc cp chnh quyn a phng cng nh hp lc ca cc t chc on th v s quan tm ca ton x hi./.

Ti liu tham kho

1. Cc vn kin i hi ng, Ngh quyt Hi ngh Trung ng ca ng.

2. Quc Sam, Mt s vn cng nghip ha, hin i ha sau 20 nm i mi, Vin nghin cu Qun l kinh t Trung ng, 5/2006.

3. Trung tm Thng tin - T liu, y mnh cng nghip ha, hin i ha Vit Nam, CIEM, 3/2006.

4. Tng cc Thng k, Nin gim thng k nm 2010.

5. n Quy hoch pht trin nhn lc ngnh Xy dng giai on 2011-2020, B Xy dng, 11/2010.

6. Ngh quyt 05-NQ/BCS ca Ban cn s ng B Gio dc v o to v i mi qun l gio dc i hc giai on 2010-2012.

7. Ch th 296/CT-TTg ca Th tng Chnh ph v i mi qun l gio dc i hc giai on 2010-2020.

8. Ch th 10/2006/CT-BXD v vic nng cao cht lng i ng nh gio v cn b qun l o to ca cc trng thuc B Xy dng giai on 2005-2010.

9. Ti liu Hi tho i mi phng php ging dy, Trng i hc Kin trc H Ni, 3/2009.

10. iu tra, kho st, nh gi v nghin cu i mi ni dung chng trnh o to k s xy dng theo hng tin tin v hi nhp quc t, Trng i hc Kin trc H Ni, 10/2009.


Khoa hc & CNG NGH

v cc quan h x hi trong mt cu trc thng nht ca lng ng K.

Cc cng trnh cng cng ch yu b tr trong phm vi lng xm truyn thng. Cc khu t cng cng ch yu l tn dng qu t trng cn li trong lng v s dng cc khu t chuyn i t cc khu t nng nghip gip lng xy dng cc cng trnh cng cng phc v dn sinh. Cc khu vc m rng v mt s khu vc ra lng cha c quan tm b tr cc h thng cng trnh cng cng c s.

V h thng h tng k thut, hin ti khu vc ang c mt tuyn giao thng chnh c ri nha ng vai tr quan trng lin kt trong v ngoi lng. Mng ng lin x, lin thn cng c t chc kh hon chnh vi kt cu ng cp phi lin h cht ch vi cc x, lng xm xung quanh. ng trong lng ch yu c lt gch, mt s ng c b tng ha. Giao thng trong lng mang m bn sc lng xm Bc B vi cc mng ng t pht, ng xm vi cc mt ct nh.

H thng thot nc trong lng ch yu l cc cng h. Kh nng thot nc cha tt v gp nhiu kh khn bi vic xy dng, ci to khng theo quy hoch. Vic cp in n tng h gia nh thng qua mng in ni t trn cc ct b tng theo cc tuyn giao thng chnh ca lng xm. Nh xy mi nm trn cc trc ng chnh c v sinh t hoi trong khi nh trong thn th vn s dng v sinh bn t hoi v x 2 ngn. Cc khu vc li ca lng chu nhiu nh hng tiu cc n mi trng t cc ngun sn xut, cht thi sn xut v h thng h tng khng hon chnh.

3. Mt s c s cho nh hng pht trin

- Vn ha Lng l h thng nhng gi tr vn ha vt cht v tinh thn thuc v mt cng ng, mang tnh cng ng Lng. V cng t ngha c th khng nh rng: bn sc vn ha lng l biu hin c th ca bn sc vn ha dn tc. Ti cc lng

ngh, pht trin ly con ngi l ngun lc ch yu, v mc ch cui cng ca pht trin cng l con ngi. Khng phi ngu nhin cc lng ngh pht trin u l nhng lng c truyn thng vn ha lu i. Truyn thng vn ha thc s hnh thnh nn ngun lc su xa ca pht trin.

- S thay i ca khng gian lng ngh ng K ang din ra nhanh chng. Nhn thc ca ngi dn v mt cuc sng tt hn ang c nhiu thay i. Khong cch gia thnh th v nng thn ang dn thu hp. S thay i hnh thi khng gian lng x ven th chu tc ng ca nhiu yu t khch quan v ch quan, bao gm vic quy hoch m rng thnh ph; cc d n u t xy dng v nh hng ca mi quan h vn ha - x hi v li sng th.

- Tiu ch nng thn mi l mt xu hng ph hp cho cc lng th ha. Lng ven mang c trng ca vng nng thn ng bng sng Hng trc tin phi m bo pht trin theo nh hng ca Chng trnh mc tiu Quc gia v Nng thn mi, c th l: Lng x vn minh, sch p, h tng hin i; Sn xut theo hng kinh t hng ha v pht trin bn vng; i sng vt cht v tinh thn ca c dn nng thn ngy cng c nng cao nhanh; Bn sc vn ha dn tc c gi gn v pht trin; X hi qun l dn ch, an ninh tt. Nhng tiu ch ny c c th ho bng B tiu ch Quc gia v Nng thn mi, bao gm 5 nhm vi 19 tiu ch.

- S m ca ca kinh t th trng to iu kin cho ng K c iu kin pht trin m rng. Tnh Bc Ninh c nhiu chnh sch m rng quy m v phm vi to iu kin mi trng kinh t thun li cho pht trin m hnh kinh t c th h gia nh. Cc chnh sch v ang gp phn tch cc n nhng thay i c v cht v lng ca i sng ngi dn (hnh 1).

Hnh 2. nh hng pht trin khng gian c tr

cho ngi dn trong lng m cn thu ht hng ngn lao ng t bn ngoi. Thu nhp ca ngi th t khong t 1,5 n 7 triu ng mt thng (2009) ty tay ngh v cng vic. Hin nay Lng ngh cung cp gn nh y cc mt hng g m ngh cao cp cho sinh hot, cng vic, trang tr ni tht hay th cng... cho th trng trong nc v nc ngoi. Sn phm ch yu c lm bng g g, g hng, g trc, g mun, g nu v g sa.

Mi quan h th trng trong lng ng K hin ang cn nhiu kh khn thc hin bi nhng mi rng buc ca quan h x hi, quan h gia nh lng xm, vn l c trng c bn ca cc lng nng thn ti Vit Nam. Cc c im chnh ca lng c khi qut nh sau:

- Khu vc nng nghip l hot ng chnh ca i b phn ngi dn trong lng. Vo v ma, mt s ngi dn cc lng xung quanh cng tham gia lao ng lm thu vo cc hot ng cy gt ca lng.

- Mt s khu cng nghip nh, khu ch bin sn xut g bt u hnh thnh ri rc trong phm vi cc khu t canh tc. Mt b phn dn c dch chuyn ra ngoi v lm vic trong cc khu vc ny.

- Trong khng gian cc h gia nh dnh mt phn din tch t chc hot ng sn xut vi c trng ngh ph l ch tc cc sn phm v g. Ngun lao ng ch yu l cc thnh vin trong gia nh. Tuy nhin, vi s ln mnh ca loi hnh ngh nghip c trng ny, lng thu ht rt nhiu ngun nhn lc t cc khu vc khc vo tham gia.

- Khu vc hot ng dch v ch yu l cc dng kinh doanh bun bn sn phm ch tc t g, c b tr kt hp trong phm vi cng trnh nh kiu l ph nm dc theo trc ng chnh, phn b tp trung ti khu lng m rng. Ngun lao ng dch v ch yu l ngi dn ti lng ng K.

- Hot ng du lch c bc chuyn bin tch

cc vi tim nng du lch vn ho, du lch lng ngh, l hi, hng nm thu ht hng chc ngn lt khch n tham quan. L lng qu Kinh Bc c, ng K hin nay ang duy tr cc phong tc, l hi truyn thng ni ting nh Hi pho ng K, ngh chm khc v lm g m ngh.

ng K vn gi c cu trc ca mt lng c trng vng ng bng Bc B. Cc nh, cha nm pha ngoi lng gip vi h thng sng nc. Mng ng xng c bm theo trc chnh ca lng. Trn tuyn trc chnh cc cng trnh cng cng truyn thng ca i sng nng nghip nh ch, sn kho vn tn ti. Cc tuyn ng chia cc thn xm trong lng th hin c im hng xm lng ging, ng thi th hin mi quan h h hng qun c. M hnh hot ng nng nghip vn c duy tr, tuy nhin hiu qu nng sut cha mang li hiu qu kinh t cao. Hnh thc hot ng vn mang bn cht truyn thng t cung t cp.

c im li sng nng nghip: h thng ng rung bao quanh lng vi cc tuyn giao thng l s lin kt gia khu vi khu vc sn xut. Mt xy dng trong cc khu vc li ca lng hin cha cao. Nh trong cc thn xm ch yu l nh cp 4 do dn t xy, nh kin c trn 2 tng ch yu tp trung trn trc ng ln ca cc thn, x; mi nh ch yu lp ngi.

ng K bt u xut hin hnh thi c tr kiu th, c th hin bng h thng giao thng mi: cc tuyn ng xuyn ct qua lng kt ni giao lu ra bn ngoi. Hnh thc t chc mng giao thng bn c kt hp vi hnh thc kin trc nh chia l. Cc khu mi c hnh thnh bn ngoi lng, bm dc theo tuyn ng giao thng. Khu vc ra lng v khu vc lng m rng c mt xy dng cao vi nhiu loi hnh kin trc cng trnh theo kiu th (nh ng, nh chia l). Tuy nhin, vic b tr tch ri mt b phn dn c mi ra khi lng lm thay i din mo lng truyn thng, lm gim s lin kt

Hnh 1. Cc c ch chnh sch p dng


Khoa hc & CNG NGH

hng khng gian kin trc cnh quan vng gn kt vi qun l kim sot kin trc cnh quan; iii) T chc kim sot nh hng cc chin lc bo tn cc gi tr vt th; iv) T chc lin kt giao thng v c s h tng; v) T chc lin kt v gim thiu cc tc ng nh hng n mi trng ton khu vc; vi) Lp cc m hnh nh c kt hp vi cc hot ng sn xut kinh doanh cng nh ci to mi trng sng.

5. nh hng xy dng pht trin lng ngh

5.1. Quy hoch s dng t

- Ti cc khu vc thn xm, cc cng trnh c duy tr v cho php xy dng nng tng, tng thm mt xy dng, tuy nhin cn c s nh hnh v hng dn thit k theo cc loi hnh n chuyn bit.

- Hnh thnh v m rng mt s khu vc kt hp vi hot ng kinh doanh dch v ngi dn c c hi dn dn chuyn i ngh nghip. Cc khu vc mi c th c b tr gn khu dn c hin c gim thiu chi ph h tng, hoc b tr gn vi cc tuyn ng, trc giao thng quan trng.

- Cc khu vc sn xut ngh ph c duy tr vi m hnh h c th, h gia nh. Cc khng gian ginh cho hot ng ny c gn kt trong cu trc h gia nh hoc nhm gia nh. Vic gi nguyn cu trc t chc nhm m bo duy tr s n nh v l th mnh pht huy kinh t a phng.

- Mt phn din tch t nng nghip c chuyn i sang cc chc nng phi nng nghip khc nh cng cng, , cy xanh... Cc khu vc phn phi sn phm vi quy m ln, cc trung tm nghin cu ng dng khoa hc k thut, cc trung tm mi gii giao dch c t chc ti khu vc trung tm ca cm cng nghip.

- B sung thm h thng cng trnh h tng x hi, c bit v gio dc v cy xanh. Cc khng gian cy xanh, vui chi, ngh ngi ch yu c xy

dng trn t nng nghip chuyn i mc ch s dng, nm bn ra lng hin hu. Vic t chc cc tuyn cy xanh cn nhm ci to mi trng khng kh v ting n, gim thiu cc tc ng tiu cc t cc hot ng sn xut. Xy dng thm cc nh tr mu gio phc v tt hn n tng thn xm trong lng ti mt s khu t trng, khu t cha s dng.

- Mng li giao thng c b tr da trn nguyn tc m rng cc ng lng hin c, kt ni cc tuyn ng ng m bo thun tin v t chc tt h thng c s h tng k thut ci thin iu kin sng v v sinh mi trng.

5.2. Quy hoch khng gian, kin trc cnh quan

- Nh trong cc lng xm hin hu cn c gi nguyn cu trc ca loi hnh nh vng nng thn ng bng Bc B, tuy nhin, cc cng trnh c th c xy dng xen cy (k c cc hot ng sn xut ngh ph) v c nng tng cao (c th n 5 tng). i vi cc khu theo kiu th hin c, cc cng trnh c gi nguyn v khuyn khch kt hp vi cc hot ng thng mi dch v. Cn c nhng quy nh v hnh thc kin trc trnh lm mt thm m chung ca lng ngh. M rng mt s khu mi p ng c vic gia tng dn s nhng phi xy dng ph hp vi c trng tp qun sinh hot ca ngi dn ng bng Bc B.

- Cc khng gian xanh tp trung c kt ni bng nhng tuyn xanh l nhng tuyn i b, tuyn ng lng nm trong lng hin hu. Vic ci to khng gian xanh cn c s tha thun v gip sc ca ngi dn nhm nng cao mi trng sng.

- Cc cng trnh cng cng hin hu c gi nguyn v chc nng v hnh thc. B sung thm mt s cng trnh cng cng ti khu vc d kin nm gia hai khu vc lng xm v khu nh kiu th. Cc cng trnh c xy dng ti y ch yu l cc cng trnh vn ha, chm sc sc khe cng ng

Hnh 6. M hnh lng th ha pht trin c lp

4. Chin lc pht trin

Chin lc Pht trin bn vng cho ng K c xy dng da trn cc th mnh vn c v tn ti a phng bao gm 5 nhm vn cn c quan tm: i) Pht trin kinh t h c th; ii) Bo v cc gi tr vn ha truyn thng; iii) m bo cc yu t mi trng; iv) Xy dng mi trng chnh tr x hi n nh; v) Quy hoch c s tham gia ca cng ng.

Va l th, va l lng ngh truyn thng, ngoi nhng chnh sch chung ca Nh nc v pht trin t nc, pht trin lng ngh ng K cn tp trung thm vo mt s im sau: i) S phi hp gia Quy hoch pht trin kinh t x hi vng v Quy hoch khng gian p ng nhu cu pht trin kinh t x hi, trong c Quy hoch khu mi v Ci to khu vc c; ii) Quy hoch khng gian m rng cho mc ch sinh hot cng ng v vn ha truyn thng; iii) Huy ng ti a s tham gia, ng gp ca nhn dn bn cnh cc ngun vn do nh nc u t v thc hin chnh sch i t ly h tng.

V mt t chc khng gian, khu vc nghin cu cn c cc nh ch, k hoch phn b v s dng t trn phm vi ton vng v ring lng ng K. Chin lc pht trin khng gian phi th hin c s lin kt cht ch v: i) T chc k hoch s dng t vng gn kt vi t a phng; ii) T chc nh

Hnh 3. nh hng pht trin cc khng gian lm vic

Hnh 4. nh hng pht trin h thng tin ch cng cng

Hnh 5. nh hng pht trin mng li giao thng


Khoa hc & CNG NGH

Ti liu tham kho

1. Ban Chp hnh Trung ng ng. Ngh quyt s 26 - NQ/T ngy 5 thng 8 nm 2008 "V nng nghip, nng dn, nng thn.

2. B Nng nghip v pht trin nng thn. Quyt nh 2636/Q-BNN-CB ngy 31/10/2011, ph duyt Chng trnh Bo tn v Pht trin lng ngh, gn vi qu trnh xy dng nng thn mi.

3. Chnh ph. Quyt nh s 491/Q-TTG ngy 16/4/2009 ca Th tng Chnh ph v vic ban hnh B tiu ch Quc gia v nng thn mi.

4. Chnh ph. Quyt nh s 800/Q-TTg ngy 4/6/2010 ca Th tng Chnh ph ph duyt Chng trnh mc tiu Quc gia v xy dng nng thn mi giai on 2010 - 2020.

5. Dubiez Bndicte v Hamel Cline. Cng nghip nng thn, th ha mt lng ngh, H Ni 2008.

6. ng Cng sn Vit Nam. Chin lc pht trin kinh t - x hi giai on 2011 2020, i hi ng ton quc ln th XI.

7. S Xy dng Bc Ninh. n iu chnh Quy hoch chung xy dng th T Sn - Bc Ninh. 2007.

8. Phm Khnh Ton, Vn s dng t trong quy hoch v pht trin cc khu dn c ven H Ni trong qu trnh th ha, Lun n Tin s kin trc, 2001.

9. Trng i hc Kin trc H Ni. ti nghin cu khoa hc Gi gn bn sc vn ha v pht trin kinh t a phng khu vc lng ngh truyn thng ng K, Bc Ninh trong qu trnh th ho. H Ni 2012.

khng gian dnh cho sn xut ra khi khng gian sinh hot ni chung. y l xu th tt yu nhng khng phi l qu mi, do vy cn c chnh sch hng dn, khuyn khch ngi dn t ci to khng gian nh ca mnh theo ng quy hoch, hnh thc kin trc mang tnh truyn thng, ph hp vi mi trng v cnh quan, trong nhn mnh s ci thin tin nghi v mi trng v h tng k thut. Bn cnh cn vn ng ngi dn bo tn nhng kin trc truyn thng, kin trc nh vn, khng chia nh cc l t v xy dng mt qu ln.

i vi cc lng ngh truyn thng, nn duy tr mt cch c trt t hnh thc trng by, sn xut ti gia nh. i vi cc cng trnh cng cng, cn gi gn v tn to cc cng trnh di tch lch s, vn ha, ngh thut, trong xc nh chnh xc danh mc cc di tch cn bo tn, trng tu v xy dng cc c s h tng phc v du lch bn cnh cc di tch.

7.Kt lun

ng K l mt lng ngh truyn thng sn xut v kinh doanh g ni ting Vit Nam v c bit n nhiu ni trn th gii.

Qu trnh th ha v ton cu ha tc ng mnh m n s pht trin kinh t - x hi ca khu vc lng ngh ng K, nhiu thun li cho pht trin c khai thc. Mt khc, nhiu iu bt li cng hnh thnh, c bit l s thay i v bn sc, phong cch kin trc v mt phn li sng ca khu vc lng ngh. y l mt nhim v m chnh quyn a phng phi gii quyt l lm th no qun l nhng tc ng ca s tng trng v s cng nghip ha cc x nghip va v nh i vi cng ng dn c trong khi vn phi duy tr s tng trng v kinh t - x hi.

Thng qua vic nh gi thc trng pht trin kinh t - x hi ca lng ngh ng K v cc c ch chnh sch pht trin khu vc hin hnh, c bit di tc ng ca

qu trnh th ha v ton cu ha, mi quan h gia khu vc lng ngh vi th x T Sn, nhng vn tn ti c th k n bao gm: Dn c, li sng, bn sc vn ha a phng; T chc vic lm; S dng t, khng gian kin trc cnh quan; H thng h tng x hi; H thng h tng k thut v Mi trng.

Vic quy hoch lng ngh ng K cn c t trong bi cnh pht trin ton vng v th x T Sn theo mt chin lc pht trin khng gian bn vng, bao gm vic Pht trin kinh t h c th; Bo v cc gi tr vn ha truyn thng; m bo cc yu t mi trng; Xy dng mi trng chnh tr x hi n nh; v Quy hoch c s tham gia ca cng ng. Cc yu t cn xc nh trong Quy hoch khng gian kin trc cnh quan bao gm vic nh hng pht trin khng gian c tr, khng gian lm vic, h thng tin ch cng cng, v t chc mng li giao thng.

V xy dng khng gian lng ngh, bn cnh vic Quy hoch s dng t l vic Quy hoch khng gian kin trc cnh quan, cn thit phi bao gm T chc khng gian , khng gian xanh, khng gian lm vic, sn xut, mng li cc cng trnh phc v cng cng, v khng km phn quan trng l Quy hoch h thng h tng c s v Bo v mi trng.

V cc chnh sch pht trin lng ngh, cn phi coi ng K l mt khu vc th, ang thay i v pht trin theo dng lng ngh, mt c trng ca im dn c nng thn mi, v vy cc tiu ch pht trin, xy dng nng thn mi cn c c bit quan tm.

V nh hng quy hoch khng gian, cnh quan, m hnh lng ngh c th pht trin theo hai hnh thc: Lng ngh th ho pht trin c lp v Lng ngh th ho an xen di tc ng th trng. c c cc lng ngh pht trin bn vng, cng tc quy hoch xy dng khng th tch ri cng tc qun l quy hoch kin trc, cnh quan./.

v cc dch v x hi.

- Cc khng gian lm vic, sn xut c gi li theo c im v tp qun sinh hot ca ngi dn a phng. Vic xy dng cc khu tp trung tiu th cng nghip c t xa khi lng. Cc cng trnh nh xng di dng cc kho trung chuyn, cc nh trng by sn phm vi quy m ln v cc bn bi tp kt nguyn vt liu t cc a phng khc n ch yu c b tr bm theo tuyn trc ng chnh ca cm lng ngh.

5.3. Quy hoch h thng h tng

- Mng li giao thng trong khu vc ch yu gm hai loi: ng dnh cho xe c gii v ng lng i b. ng dnh cho xe c gii c mt ct ti thiu 5,5 mt v c va h. Cc tuyn ng lng, ch yu l cc

ng ng thn xm, c kt ni vi nhau to thnh tuyn thng sut. Cc tuyn ng lng c m rng v b tr h thng h tng k thut.

- Cc hng mc h tng k thut khc c kt ni ng b theo mng chung ca khu vc. H thng in, thng tin lin lc c i ni trn cc tuyn ng c gii v tuyn ng lng ci to mi. H thng cp nc c ng b ha theo mng li ca khu vc. H thng thot nc c cng ha v nm dc theo tuyn ng lng chnh v tuyn giao thng c gii.

- Vic m rng tuyn ng lng v cc tuyn ng xm lin thng lm cho cc hot ng thu gom rc thi c thun tin hn. Mng li c t chc theo nguyn tc: thu gom t ni sinh hot, sn xut - tp kt ti cc t dn c, cc thn - xe vn chuyn vo gom v mang n ni tp kt rc ca th x.

6. M hnh pht trin lng th ho

M hnh pht trin lng theo hng cng nghip ho, hin i ho l thc hin thit k ng b gia cc khu vc nh , khu cng cng, sn xut, dch v, vi h thng h tng k thut gn cht vi mi trng sinh thi, cnh quan thin nhin v di sn vn ho truyn thng, cn trnh th ho lng mt cch t pht nh ang din ra hin nay. C hai dng m hnh l pht trin c lp v xen k.

6.1. M hnh lng th ho pht trin c lp

Khng gian kin trc linh hot: c im ca ngi dn nng thn l coi trng tnh cm, nhu cu gn gi chia s vi nhau l rt ln. Do khng gian kin trc c c im chnh l khng gian m trn c s tn trng ln nhau. Khng gian ny khc vi khng gian sn xut nng nghip nhng vn c th song song tn ti, chu s chi phi ca hng c, l lng Cng vi cc nh, n th thnh hong, th t ngh, cn c khng gian dy, truyn ngh: ni lu truyn, gii thiu ngh

Lng c b cc theo kiu tuyn: l nhng lng bm dc theo tng on ng hay theo cc di t trin sng. Cc lng b cc theo kiu tuyn ban u l nhng im dn c lng xm nh bm dc theo hai bn ng hoc ven sng. Trong qu trnh pht trin, do iu kin sinh sng thun li, cc im dn c ni tip dn dn thnh tuyn di.

6.2. M hnh lng th ho an xen di tc ng th trng

Vi tc th ho nhanh hn, rng hn, s m rng ca cc th ln s bin nhiu lng x tr thnh cc khu chung c, cc vng t chuyn dng phc v th nh khu cng nghip, dch v, gii tr Tuy nhin, vic chuyn i cu trc lng x ho nhp vo cu trc th vn c th bo tn v pht huy c cc mt mnh v tch cc ca cc lng x c truyn vn y bn sc vn ho. Cc m hnh c xut gm: M hnh hn hp; M hnh hn hp lng th ho xen th mi; M hnh lng ngh th ho xen khu cng nghip th cng m ngh.

Trong cc lng ngh ang din ra qu trnh chia tch

Hnh 7. M hnh hn hp lng th ha xen th mi

Hnh 8. M hnh lng ngh th ha xen khu cng nghip th cng m ngh


Khoa hc & CNG NGH

V vy c th khng nh nhu cu nh ca ngi dn ni thnh H Ni rt ln trong khi qu t ph hp xy dng cc KTM vn rt hn hp, chnh nhng iu ny gp phn y gi nh, t ca H Ni ln qu cao.

C cu nh cng nhc trong quy hoch v xy dng cc khu th mi hin nay l s dng lng ph ti nguyn t

Trong khi thiu qu t p ng nhu cu pht trin nh th cc m hnh KTM tt c mi v tr khc nhau trong th li p dng cng mt c cu t l nh cao tng (NCT) vi nh thp tng l khng hp l. T 2001 n nay, nng cao cht lng , trnh tnh trng pht trin nhiu loi hnh nh lin k lm tng mt xy dng, thnh ph H Ni ch trng pht trin nh th bng cc d n KTM vi c cu ch yu NCT chim 60% din tch t , cn li 40% l nh vn v bit th, khng xy dng nh chia l hnh ng. Hnh 3 cho thy cc c quan qun l xy dng cng lin tc iu chnh c cu, hnh thc cc loi nh trong cc KTM.

Nh vy gim mt xy dng, cc KTM H Ni

thay nh chia l bng loi nh bit th tn t hn, khin qu t nh cn kit nhanh chng v h qu bn knh th lin tc phi ni rng ra cc vng m xung quanh. Nhiu nghin cu khoa hc cng nh x hi nh gi xy dng cc khu bit th trong KTM ni thnh va lng ph t va khng lm gim mt xy dng [4], [6].

Din tch cc l bit th khong 250-400m2/l, cha phi l ln i vi tiu chun ca mt bit th nhng cng chim n 2/5 din tch t nh trong KTM. Theo quy nh cc l bit th ch c xy dng 25% - 30% din tch t tc l tng ng khong 80-100m2, vi din tch ny th vic cc KTS cng rt kh khn khi a cc tiu chun ca nh bit th vo cng trnh [6].

Hnh nh thc trng cc bit th xy dng st nhau trong cc KTM H Ni (hnh 4) khng khc nh chia l; vn gy cm gic mt cao, chen chc nhau v r rng l khng gian ring t ca cc ngi nh ny khng c m bo. Rt nhiu cn bit th ch cch nhau khong 3-4m, thm ch ngay trong KTM Ciputra do nc ngoi lm ch u t, tuy hnh thc kin trc c thng nht nhng khong cch gia cc nh vn khng c ci

Hnh 1. Tng quan gia nhu cu nh , qu t v bn knh th

Hnh 2. Biu nguyn vng v khong cch t khu th mi n trung tm th

Hnh 3. Cc giai on chuyn ho c cu, loi hnh nh trong cc khu th mi

H Ni m rng nhng qu t xy dng cc khu th mi (KTM) c tng?

Vi v th Th cng cc hot ng kinh t, chnh tr, vn ho x hi quan trng khc H Ni to thnh im hp dn, thu ht tp trung dn c v ko theo l nhu cu ln v nh . ph hp pht trin trong giai on mi, t 01/8/2008 H Ni m rng din tch ln n 334.470 ha, gp hn 3,5 ln so vi trc y. Tuy nhin tng qu t nh th khng ch n thun m rng a gii, ni rng cc vnh ai hay st nhp cc tnh thnh ln cn tng qu t m cn ph thuc vo cu trc ca th.

Ti cc nc pht trin c c s h tng, h thng giao thng tt, mc sng tng i ng u gia cc vng min, th ho c hnh thc ly tm, pht trin hng ra nhng vng ngoi xung quanh thnh ph, ni c t ai rng ri v mi trng tt. Cn cc th Chu trong c H Ni th ngc li, do c s chnh lch ln gia iu kin sng thnh th v nng thn nn th ho theo hnh thc hng tm. Mc sng cao, c s vt cht thun tin, cng nh ngun vic lm ti th tt hn to ra sc ht li cun dn c tp trung vo trung tm [1]. Ngoi ra cuc sng ca con ngi khng ch n thun c nhu cu m cn cc nhu cu hot ng khc nh: lm vic, thm hi, giao tip, vui chi gii tr... v vy v tr ch cn thun tin cho cc hot ng ny. C th thy nhu cu nh ca H Ni v bn knh th t l nghch vi nhau (s hnh 1). iu ny khin nhu cu qu t ni thnh lun vt cao qu kh nng cung ng ca h thng h tng th, gy sc p v lm mt cn i trong s pht trin h thng dn c.

Hin ti cc khu vc pha Ty v Ty Nam thnh ph ang pht trin mnh vi nhiu cng trnh, nhiu KTM c xy dng bi v ngoi a hnh cao ro, a cht n nh, c s h tng thun li cc khu vc ny ch cch trung tm khong 10km. Thm ch ti thi im trc khi tnh H Ty st nhp vo H Ni cc nh u t khng ngn ngi trin khai cc d n KTM nh: KTM Vn Qun, Vn Ph, M Lao, Bc An Khnh, Dng Ni m i tng chc chn nhm vo dn c H Ni. Chnh khong cch v giao thng thun tin cho i sng cng nh cng vic ca ngi dn gp phn quyt nh gi tr ca khu vc ni y. Kt qu TXHH ca tc gi nm 2009 trong biu 2 cho thy 94% nguyn vng mong mun khu cch trung tm thnh ph khong 10km cng khng nh iu ny.

C cu loi hnh nh trong cc khu th mi H Ni pht trin bn vng khng gian th

TS.Vng Hi Long

Tm ttKhc vi cc nc pht trin, cc th chu trong c H Ni pht trin mang tnh hng tm. Hin ti din tch H Ni m rng gp

3,5 ln nhng qu t ginh cho pht trin nh th vn rt hn ch. Tuy nhin mc d

thiu t nh , mt xy dng cao nhng cc KTM vn p dng mt cu trc nh cao tng kt hp vi bit th ti mi v tr trong th l khng hp l. Ti cc v tr trung tm ch nn xy dng nh cao tng, ginh t cho

cy xanh v khng gian cng cng Cn cc khu vc gn trung tm c th s dng hn hp nhiu loi nh khc nhau, nhng khng nn xy dng bit th. Bi nu thay s lng nh

bit th bng nh lin k, gom cc mnh vn nh l li thnh khng gian m, khng gian xanh

cng cng s mang li li ch ln hn cho cng ng. V vy trn nguyn tc tun th mt c

tr cn c c cu linh hot trong la chn loi hnh nh , thch ng vi tng khu vc, v tr

c th pht trin bn vng khng gian th.

AbstractDifference from developed countries, development of the Asian urbans (including Hanoi) trend toward Centripetal.

So Hanoi area was extended 3.5 times but the land fund for housing development is still limited. Currently,

despite lacking of housing land and high construction density, structure of new residential projects in urban

areas was used combination high-rise housing and villa for different locations. This is not suitable. For central

urban, it should build high-rise housing, and land is reserved for green and public space As for regions

next to centeral city, it could use mixing of housing type, but should not use villa building. Because if replacing

quantity of villa by attached dwelling house, collecting small gardens into public open or green space, it would

bring higher value for community. So that, basing on complying residential density, choosing type of house

that has flexible structure, adapted to each area for unshakeable development of urban space is necessary


Khoa hc & CNG NGH

i vi tng khu vc theo quy hoch chung cng nh m bo cc ch tiu bn vng v cy xanh, giao thng ng, giao thng tnh, ngoi ra c th linh hot khai thc cc gi tr ca t xy dng nh cng nh h thng CTCC v c th hin theo s trong hnh 7.

Vic tun th ch tiu mt dn s trn mt n v din tch t ai thnh ph l rt quan trng bi v cng mt s dn nhng mt thay i th nh hng ngay n quy m t ai ca thnh ph. T c nh hng n c cu quy hoch, vic t chc cc khng gian chc nng khc cng nh tc ng n iu kin sng ca dn c [2]. Tuy nhin cng cn lu khng nn nh gi qu ln vai tr ca dn s nh mt nhn t xc nh gii php c cu quy hoch cc KTM, m ch nn coi quy m ti u ca cc im dn c nh mt trong nhng vn lp k hoch kinh t v mt t ai trong mi tng quan gia nhng li ch v cc iu kin phn b dn c [2]. Cn th hin tnh linh hot trong quy hoch chi tit bng vic xy dng cc h thng tiu ch quy hoch cho cc khng gian chc nng trong KTM hn l trc tip ra cc ch tiu c th. H thng tiu ch s c hnh thnh trn c s phn tch cc yu t tc ng ca th trng v mi trng x hi [7]./.

Hnh 6. H thng kim sot pht trin chi tit n v theo vng quy hoch [5]

Hnh 7. S nng cao hiu qu s dng t nhng vn m bo mi trng t nhin v x hi

Ti liu tham kho

1. [1] Trnh Hng on, Nguyn Hng Thc, Khut Tn Hng (2003), Kin trc nh cao tng, Nxb Xy dng, tr. 45, 57-61, 65,96,196.

2. [2] P.Bocharov, O.K.Kudruavxev (2006), C cu quy hoch ca thnh ph hin i, do L Phc Quc dch, Nxb Xy dng, tr. 29-33,144-147.

3. [3] Kim Harboe (2007), Methodology of Urban Environmental Planning, Training Course Manual, HAU Ha Noi, 18 - 22 September 2007, 59p

4. [4] Nguyn T Lng (2007), nh gi thc trng v xut mt s kin ngh trong quy hoch, kin trc v qun l cc KTM xy dng ca H Ni trong qu trnh th ho, ti nghin cu Khoa hc v Cng ngh, trng i hc Kin trc H Ni, tr. 99-104.

5. [5] Nguyn Cao Lnh (2006), Quy hoch n v bn vng, Nxb Xy dng, tr.45.

6. [6] Nguyn Mnh Thu (2006), Thit k cc khu th mi H Ni, Tp ch Kin trc - Hi Kin trc s Vit Nam, (s 6/2006)

7. [7] Phm Khnh Ton (2002), Vn s dng t trong quy hoch v pht trin cc khu dn c ven H Ni trong qu trnh th ho, Lun n tin s Kin trc, trng i hc kin trc H Ni, tr. 19, 72-72, 122-128

thin. C bit c nhng trng hp cch nhau 1,5m nh trong KTM Yn Ho.

Thc ra nguyn nhn mt xy dng trong cc KTM cao khng phi hon ton do nh lin k m l do c cu quy hoch ca ch u t. C th d hiu hin ti vic phn chia nh vn, nh bit th cng l bn nhiu t trong cc KTM cho mt nhm dn c nh. Nu thay th s lng cc cn bit th ny bng cc nh lin k tng ng, gom cc khng gian vn nh l ca tng bit th thnh mt khng gian xanh cng cng chc chn s mang li gi tr ln hn cho cng ng cng nh cnh quan chung ca c khu vc. Gn y trong B Xy dng cng c mt s kin chuyn c quan B sang khu vc khc, ng thi khu t hin ti s c phn chia thnh cc bit th bn u gi. Tuy nhin cng vi mc ch gim mt , gim ti cho h thng h tng khu vc trung tm nu khu t ny c chuyn thnh khng gian cng cng (nh khu t c chuyn i thnh vn hoa trc Nh ht ln) s mang li li ch bn vng hn cho khng gian th.

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