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Jump Start. If a law is passed that you consider unjust, do you have the right to nullify/not follow it? Why or why not? In your opinion, how should you go about defying (not following) the law? Peacefully or with force? And why? I NEED AT LEAST HALF A PAGE OF WRITING!. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Jump StartJump Start If a law is passed that you consider unjust, do you If a law is passed that you consider unjust, do you
have the right to nullify/not follow it?have the right to nullify/not follow it?
Why or why not?Why or why not?
In your opinion, how should you go about defying (not In your opinion, how should you go about defying (not following) the law? Peacefully or with force? And why?following) the law? Peacefully or with force? And why?
I NEED I NEED AT LEAST AT LEAST HALF A PAGE OF WRITING!HALF A PAGE OF WRITING!
Reform Era: Reform Era: Temperance, Temperance, Education, Education, Women’s Suffrage, Women’s Suffrage, Prisons and Care Prisons and Care
for the Mentally Ill, for the Mentally Ill, AbolitionismAbolitionism
A Spirit of A Spirit of RevivalRevival
Second Great Awakening: Second Great Awakening: 1790’s-early 1800’s1790’s-early 1800’s
Revival of religious feeling Revival of religious feeling Differed from the 1Differed from the 1stst by by
introducing the idea that introducing the idea that everyone could be forgiven everyone could be forgiven for their sinfor their sin
Doing good deeds could Doing good deeds could help you gain salvationhelp you gain salvation
Helped jump start reform Helped jump start reform movement movement
Americans believed they Americans believed they could act to make things could act to make things betterbetter
Transcendentalism: the the belief that the spiritual world belief that the spiritual world is more important than the is more important than the physicalphysical
People can find truth within People can find truth within themselves through feelings themselves through feelings and intuitionand intuition
Thoreau was a pivotal figureThoreau was a pivotal figure Civil Disobedience: Civil Disobedience: urged urged
people to peacefully refuse people to peacefully refuse laws they considered unjustlaws they considered unjust
Organized because Organized because consumption of alcohol consumption of alcohol significantly increased & significantly increased & caused social problemscaused social problems
Goal was to encourage Goal was to encourage moderation in the moderation in the consumption of alcohol consumption of alcohol
Some groups pressed for Some groups pressed for complete abstinence complete abstinence
Heavy drinking led to many Heavy drinking led to many social problems social problems
Movement was led by Movement was led by churches and religious groupschurches and religious groups
Propaganda focused on the Propaganda focused on the sufferings of innocent sufferings of innocent mothers and their childrenmothers and their children
Temperance MovementTemperance Movement
Temperance UnionsTemperance Unions Groups that pushed for Groups that pushed for
total prohibitiontotal prohibition Considered drinking to be Considered drinking to be
morally wrong morally wrong Believed it should be Believed it should be
prohibited by lawprohibited by law Their demands led to Their demands led to
experiments with more experiments with more strict laws strict laws
The Civil War stalled the The Civil War stalled the movementmovement
Temperance was later Temperance was later revisited during the revisited during the 1890’s-1920’s1890’s-1920’s
Woman's Christian Temperance Union Woman's Christian Temperance Union (1874)(1874)
Annual Consumption of Alcohol 1720-1930
Use the graph to answer the following question. Also, you must provide evidence to prove your answer:
How effective was the pre-Civil War Temperance Movement?
Education Education ReformReform
Early SchoolsEarly Schools Short-term schools from Short-term schools from
the colonial era the colonial era 10-12 weeks per year10-12 weeks per year Provided basic instructionProvided basic instruction Charged a fee along with Charged a fee along with
community fundingcommunity funding Preferred teaching white Preferred teaching white
boysboys Schooling was costly Schooling was costly
and religiously based and religiously based was designed for the was designed for the
privilegedprivileged Parents were Parents were
considered the considered the primary educatorsprimary educators
Families relied on Families relied on each other and each other and churches for additional churches for additional learninglearning
Horace Mann and “Common Horace Mann and “Common Schools”Schools”
Reformers argued that Reformers argued that INFORMED CITIZENS INFORMED CITIZENS were were needed for our republican needed for our republican GOVERNMENT TO THRIVEGOVERNMENT TO THRIVE
Workers wanted their children to have a chance to Workers wanted their children to have a chance to pursue the “American dream”pursue the “American dream”
Horace Mann promoted Horace Mann promoted PUBLIC SCHOOLS PUBLIC SCHOOLS as the as the only way to only way to EQUALIZE SOCIETYEQUALIZE SOCIETY
He argued that it was impossible that educated people could He argued that it was impossible that educated people could remain permanently poorremain permanently poor
Mann worked for many Mann worked for many reforms in public reforms in public education:education:
Paid for and run by the Paid for and run by the publicpublic
Inclusive of children from Inclusive of children from different backgroundsdifferent backgrounds
Taught by well-trained Taught by well-trained professional teachersprofessional teachers
Early Public SchoolsEarly Public Schools Despite reformers Despite reformers
efforts, public school efforts, public school conditions were poor:conditions were poor: Lacked funding, books, Lacked funding, books,
and equipmentand equipment Teachers were poorly paid Teachers were poorly paid
and often poorly preparedand often poorly prepared Kids that went beyond Kids that went beyond
the elementary grades the elementary grades went to private went to private academiesacademies
Public schools did not Public schools did not become well established become well established until after the Civil Waruntil after the Civil War
1800’s Georgia school house
Women’s RightsWomen’s Rights The Industrial Revolution The Industrial Revolution
changed the economychanged the economy People separated from homesPeople separated from homes Home became a refugeHome became a refuge Different roles (jobs) for men and Different roles (jobs) for men and
womenwomen STATUS of women remained STATUS of women remained
similar to what it had been similar to what it had been during the colonial eraduring the colonial era Could not go to college, vote or hold Could not go to college, vote or hold
most professional jobsmost professional jobs Had no control over their children or Had no control over their children or
propertyproperty Needed husband’s permission to Needed husband’s permission to
make a will, sign a contract, or file a make a will, sign a contract, or file a lawsuitlawsuit
BUT they were able to work BUT they were able to work out of the homeout of the home
Organizing the MovementOrganizing the Movement Many northern women were Many northern women were
involved in the Abolitionist involved in the Abolitionist Movement Movement
Their involvement in suffrage Their involvement in suffrage reform increased after the reform increased after the World Anti-Slavery Convention World Anti-Slavery Convention of 1840of 1840 Women were excluded from Women were excluded from
speaking at the convention and speaking at the convention and were forced to listen from behind were forced to listen from behind a curtaina curtain
Two female reformers, Two female reformers, Lucretia Mott and Elizabeth Lucretia Mott and Elizabeth Cady Stanton, decided it was Cady Stanton, decided it was time to stand up for women’s time to stand up for women’s rightsrights They planned to hold their own They planned to hold their own
convention when they returned convention when they returned homehome
Admission ticket to the Convention
The Seneca Falls Women’s Rights Convention, 1848
The first signatures on the Declaration of
Sentiments.
“. . . The history of mankind is a history of repeated injuries and usurpations on the part of man toward woman, having in direct object the establishment of an absolute tyranny over her. . . . He has never permitted her to exercise her inalienable right to the elective franchise. He has compelled her to submit to laws, in the formation of which she has no voice. . .”Elizabeth Cady Stanton, The Declaration of Sentiments
Seneca Falls Convention and Seneca Falls Convention and DeclarationDeclaration
The women wrote a document modeled after the The women wrote a document modeled after the Declaration of IndependenceDeclaration of Independence
It went over a list of complaints and ended with a demand It went over a list of complaints and ended with a demand for rightsfor rights
The movement was ridiculed and the demand for suffrage The movement was ridiculed and the demand for suffrage remained until 1920 remained until 1920
BUT women did gain more rights when it came to BUT women did gain more rights when it came to property and wagesproperty and wages
Legacy of the MovementLegacy of the Movement Seneca Falls helped create Seneca Falls helped create
an organized campaign for an organized campaign for women’s rightswomen’s rights
Reformers made slow Reformers made slow progressprogress New York gave women control New York gave women control
over property and wagesover property and wages Massachusetts and Indiana Massachusetts and Indiana
passed more liberal divorce passed more liberal divorce lawslaws
Some women began their own Some women began their own businessesbusinesses
However, women’s suffrage However, women’s suffrage took decadestook decades 1919thth Amendment passed in 1920 Amendment passed in 1920 Only one woman present at the Only one woman present at the
convention lived to voteconvention lived to vote
Prison ReformPrison Reform During the late 1700’s to During the late 1700’s to
early 1800’s the general early 1800’s the general belief about human belief about human nature was that people nature was that people were generally good and were generally good and capable of improvementcapable of improvement
This new belief was a big This new belief was a big shift from the earlier shift from the earlier Puritan belief of humans Puritan belief of humans as naturally sinfulas naturally sinful
This idea brought many This idea brought many changes for prisoners and changes for prisoners and the disabledthe disabled
OROR
From Prison to PenitentiaryFrom Prison to Penitentiary Colonial prisons were used as Colonial prisons were used as
holding places before holding places before punishments or as places for punishments or as places for debtorsdebtors
Reformers argued that Reformers argued that society would benefit more society would benefit more from rehabilitating prisoners from rehabilitating prisoners than punishing themthan punishing them Would also help our economy Would also help our economy
because prisons could double as because prisons could double as workshops for profitworkshops for profit
By 1850, most states had By 1850, most states had adopted the penitentiary adopted the penitentiary systemsystem Penitentiary: Penitentiary: prisons used for prisons used for
housing prisoners as housing prisoners as punishment and rehabilitationpunishment and rehabilitation
Prisons and the Mentally IllPrisons and the Mentally Ill Before the 1800’s, the Before the 1800’s, the
mentally ill were kept at mentally ill were kept at home or imprisonedhome or imprisoned
By 1815, asylums appeared By 1815, asylums appeared that separated the mentally that separated the mentally ill from prisonersill from prisoners
Dorothea Dix led the reform Dorothea Dix led the reform movement for the mentally movement for the mentally illill Boston school teacher who Boston school teacher who
was asked to teach Sunday was asked to teach Sunday school at the East Cambridge school at the East Cambridge House of Correction in 1841House of Correction in 1841
Found a room full of mentally Found a room full of mentally ill women neglected and left ill women neglected and left without heat during the New without heat during the New England winterEngland winter
Tranquilizing Chair
Dorothea Dix and ReformDorothea Dix and Reform After her experience, Dix After her experience, Dix
spent two years investigating spent two years investigating jails and asylums in jails and asylums in MassachusettsMassachusetts
Keepers of the institutions Keepers of the institutions called her charges called her charges “slanderous lies” but she won “slanderous lies” but she won the support of leading the support of leading reformersreformers
20 states adopted laws to 20 states adopted laws to improve conditionsimprove conditions 32 new hospitals were built due 32 new hospitals were built due
to her effortsto her efforts
“the present state of insane persons confined within the Commonwealth, in cages, closets, cellars, stalls, pens! Chained naked beaten with rods, and lashed into obedience!”
OROR
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Abolitionist MovementAbolitionist Movement By the 1830’s people began asking By the 1830’s people began asking
“how can America, ‘the land of the “how can America, ‘the land of the free’, free’, stillstill allow slavery” allow slavery” Some people opposed it even before Some people opposed it even before
the American Revolutionthe American Revolution QuakersQuakers
The Atlantic Slave The Atlantic Slave tradetrade was outlawed was outlawed in 1808 BUT the Industrial Revolution in 1808 BUT the Industrial Revolution and the invention of the cotton gin and the invention of the cotton gin made both the North and the South made both the North and the South dependent on slaverydependent on slavery
Abolitionists Abolitionists were people who were people who wanted to end slavery regardless wanted to end slavery regardless of this economic dependenceof this economic dependence Both whites and African Americans were Both whites and African Americans were
abolitionistsabolitionists
Famous Famous AbolitionistsAbolitionists
Although the North profited from Although the North profited from plantation systems and slavery, plantation systems and slavery, some white Northerners joined some white Northerners joined the Abolitionist Movementthe Abolitionist Movement William Lloyd Garrison: William Lloyd Garrison: began to began to
publish an abolitionist newspaper, publish an abolitionist newspaper, The LiberatorThe Liberator
Even more rare were Southern Even more rare were Southern abolitionistsabolitionists Grimke Sisters (Sarah and Grimke Sisters (Sarah and
Angelina): Angelina): Grew up on a plantation Grew up on a plantation but believed slavery was morally but believed slavery was morally wrongwrong
Moved north and joined the movement Moved north and joined the movement Spoke out against slavery publically even Spoke out against slavery publically even
at a time when women were not at a time when women were not supposed to speak in publicsupposed to speak in public
Some abolitionists wanted to do Some abolitionists wanted to do more than just campaign for lawsmore than just campaign for laws
Some brave abolitionists helped Some brave abolitionists helped slaves escape to freedomslaves escape to freedom Harriet Tubman-Harriet Tubman- one of the one of the
most famous conductors on the most famous conductors on the Underground RailroadUnderground Railroad
an an aboveabove ground series of escape ground series of escape routes from the South to the Northroutes from the South to the North
Travel by foot, wagon, boats, and Travel by foot, wagon, boats, and trainstrains
Traveled by night and hid all day in Traveled by night and hid all day in “stations”“stations”
Tubman was also an escaped Tubman was also an escaped slaveslave
Made 19 dangerous journeys to Made 19 dangerous journeys to free enslaved peoplefree enslaved people
Slave owners offered $40,000 for Slave owners offered $40,000 for her capture, but she was never her capture, but she was never captured, nor did she lose a captured, nor did she lose a “passenger”“passenger”
Famous AbolitionistsFamous Abolitionists
Famous AbolitionistsFamous Abolitionists Some escaped slaves also joined the Some escaped slaves also joined the
movement and spoke from their past movement and spoke from their past experiencesexperiences Frederick Douglass:Frederick Douglass: became a lecturer for became a lecturer for
the Mass. Anti-Slavery Societythe Mass. Anti-Slavery Society People who heard him considered him to be too People who heard him considered him to be too
educated and well-spoken to have ever been a slaveeducated and well-spoken to have ever been a slave We wrote an autobiography that was an instant best-We wrote an autobiography that was an instant best-
sellerseller Started his own newspaper Started his own newspaper North StarNorth Star Waged a strong campaign against slaveryWaged a strong campaign against slavery
Sojourner Truth:Sojourner Truth: fled her owners and lived fled her owners and lived with Quakers who set her freewith Quakers who set her free
Drew huge crowds throughout the North as Drew huge crowds throughout the North as she spoke for abolitionshe spoke for abolition
Both were able to change the way Both were able to change the way Northerners viewed slaveryNortherners viewed slavery
BUT slavery continued for another 30 BUT slavery continued for another 30 yearsyears
Important People & Important People & Achievements in the Achievements in the
Temperance MovementTemperance Movement Some of the most notable Some of the most notable
figures associated with the figures associated with the U.S. temperance movement U.S. temperance movement were Susan B. Anthony, were Susan B. Anthony, Frances E. Willard and Carry Frances E. Willard and Carry A. NationA. Nation
The effects of their efforts The effects of their efforts included:included: Government regulationGovernment regulation Instruction on alcoholism in Instruction on alcoholism in
schoolsschools Energized study of alcoholismEnergized study of alcoholism 1818thth Amendment (1919-1933) Amendment (1919-1933)
which led to Prohibition: (ban which led to Prohibition: (ban on manufacture, on manufacture, consumption, distribution & consumption, distribution & sale of alcohol)sale of alcohol)
Inside Look: Carrie A. Nation (1846-Inside Look: Carrie A. Nation (1846-1911) 1911) In 1880, Kansas residents had voted In 1880, Kansas residents had voted
for prohibition, but the law was for prohibition, but the law was largely ignored by saloonkeepers.largely ignored by saloonkeepers. Saloons operated openly, but Nation Saloons operated openly, but Nation
would change all that. would change all that. First she prayed in front of an First she prayed in front of an
establishment in 1890.establishment in 1890. She struck at her first saloon on June 1, She struck at her first saloon on June 1,
1900. 1900. Initially, she used rocks, bricks and Initially, she used rocks, bricks and
other objects for these attacks, then other objects for these attacks, then turned to the hatchet. turned to the hatchet.
"I felt invincible. My strength was that of a giant. God was certainly standing by me. I smashed five saloons with rocks before I ever took a hatchet." – Carrie Nation
Propaganda: Then and NowPropaganda: Then and Now Your goal is to examine pieces of propaganda Your goal is to examine pieces of propaganda
from both eras to determine the message being from both eras to determine the message being sent. For each piece you need to answer the sent. For each piece you need to answer the following questions:following questions: Is this piece an example of temperance propaganda Is this piece an example of temperance propaganda
or current day propaganda? How do you know?or current day propaganda? How do you know? What is the main idea of the piece?What is the main idea of the piece? How does the artist use the people and objects to How does the artist use the people and objects to
create the main idea?create the main idea? How does the artist use emotion to accomplish their How does the artist use emotion to accomplish their
goal? What emotions does this piece make you feel?goal? What emotions does this piece make you feel?