Jacques Cartier

SS4H2 Describe European exploration in North America. SS4H2 Describe European exploration in North America.

a. Describe the reasons for, obstacles to, and accomplishments of the a. Describe the reasons for, obstacles to, and accomplishments of the Spanish, French, and English explorations of John Cabot, Vasco Nunez Spanish, French, and English explorations of John Cabot, Vasco Nunez Balboa, Juan Ponce de Leon, Christopher Columbus, Henry Hudson, and Balboa, Juan Ponce de Leon, Christopher Columbus, Henry Hudson, and Jacques CartierJacques Cartier. .

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Born 1491 Died 1557

Jacques Cartier was Jacques Cartier was born in the seaport of born in the seaport of Saint Malo, France. He Saint Malo, France. He studied navigation. He studied navigation. He became a highly became a highly respected respected navigator.navigator.

A A navigatornavigator is a person is a person who plots the course of who plots the course of a ship.a ship.

Early Years

In 1531, Francis I of In 1531, Francis I of France commissioned France commissioned Cartier to look for the Cartier to look for the Northwest Passage.Northwest Passage.

Cartier got 2 small Cartier got 2 small ships and 61 crew ships and 61 crew members. He left members. He left Saint Malo in April.Saint Malo in April.

In less than 3 weeks, In less than 3 weeks, he was sailing down he was sailing down the coast of the coast of Newfoundland.Newfoundland.

• He named Canada, “Kanata,”which means village in the Huron-Iroquois language.

In Search for the Northwest Passage

As he sailed, he discovered the Magdalen and Prince As he sailed, he discovered the Magdalen and Prince Edward Islands. He crossed the Gaspe Peninsula and Edward Islands. He crossed the Gaspe Peninsula and took possession of it for France. took possession of it for France.

On his second voyage in 1535, the king of France sent On his second voyage in 1535, the king of France sent him out again. He sailed up the St. Lawrence River and him out again. He sailed up the St. Lawrence River and discovered Mont Real (Mount Royal) which is now discovered Mont Real (Mount Royal) which is now Montreal, Canada. Montreal, Canada.

He and his crew spent the He and his crew spent the winter at an Indian village winter at an Indian village near Quebec, where Cartier near Quebec, where Cartier watched 25 of his men die of watched 25 of his men die of scurvy.scurvy.

The natives were generous to The natives were generous to him but he betrayed them. He him but he betrayed them. He kidnapped 12 indians, kidnapped 12 indians, including their chief, and including their chief, and heading straight to France!heading straight to France!

Cartier hoped that his Cartier hoped that his prisoners would tell him prisoners would tell him where their gold mine was where their gold mine was located, but there really was located, but there really was no gold mine.no gold mine.

In 1541, his third expedition was to help In 1541, his third expedition was to help build a colony in Canada. He failed to find build a colony in Canada. He failed to find enough French colonists willing to give up enough French colonists willing to give up their life to live in the New World. The their life to live in the New World. The French government offered prisoners French government offered prisoners freedom to go on journey.freedom to go on journey.

Last Voyage to the New World

Cartier slipped back to Cartier slipped back to France and left France and left Roberval, a fellow Roberval, a fellow explorer stranded in explorer stranded in New France with a New France with a colony of robbers and colony of robbers and murderers. murderers.

He never found the He never found the Northwest Passage but Northwest Passage but he discovered the St. he discovered the St. Lawrence River which Lawrence River which led to many future led to many future explorations by explorations by France.France.

French Explorer Roberval

What obstacles did he encounter?

He had to watch some of his men He had to watch some of his men die of scurvy.die of scurvy.

He never found the Northwest He never found the Northwest Passage.Passage.