itha ninte amma - june 2013

7/30/2019 Itha Ninte Amma - June 2013

1/36

2O]a \ds BVq 862?


2/36

8 O]a \ds B Vq 862?8 O]a \ds B Vq 862?

862? V\pmod 2 bp] Vq ?6 mso

_VCXCP CD KE_U_, ABXCBD IGG@BXBA,

Hucl`cdn dg$ C] ' 0?2, Abdgrbab Kudotcgd, Pmrcssur ! 2, Ierblb, Cd`cb$ Vm; 60=> ?86=:?6

E!abcl; spcrctcdkesusFnabcl$oga ^eh; www$spcrctcdkesus$grn

\dthaI

2$ baQahvptmd

8$ Cd\aja, sb{]aba, ssm[gC, iyiv]

Jdmptmd?$ iCemdczaidCjps_hpw mdcpgCo^d\p tmd

0$ Mop s]anppw Mop O_h\pw HCa tmd

5$ ?6,666 ba]rfpw Bmops_ Hmcypw tmd

HtIaj

ifhvptmdibdpp$


3/36

?O]a \ds BVq 862? ?O]a \ds BVq 862?

Bt" \g iwmldp H mdivbh\gh \dtQs @gtcashCqs_qs_ Js \g Ca^dt^sb$

Bmd_pp \d]yQd]amds NCVa]\as^v Xa mdczidpp9 B]ptQases Bmd_pp \ds C\ya]zd \dv Bp]Cobahd V\d \ds H[yVa]\as^pw Xa mdczidpp$

Bmd_pss ss[mmpw, oC\pw Qd]ampbas^v Xa i]dpp9 Bmd_pp \ds izba]amahd s]os_pspw XaB`dhpp$

Ma Js Bt" \g mndhahd Bmd_ps Ca^pma\pw \dsCojds \ds Qp{]\ahd Bs HoaYdpma\pw Xa\a{I

ldpp$

Bt" \ds bawiw \g ]s!ha^p Bmd!_ps Yod!d!]v9 Hh!]d!\a \dsilahw Cq_as] Bmd_ps Caâ J\dp iaYdhd$

\g Xsj Ca^dpma C\dhpChdsd Bmd_ps Mop t\ap Ca^pmaHv Bl]hpaCpw"

\g mnd ba{]tb ss[mQp{]s\ ibgQda Xp CndhpChpq$ Bmd_ppmndX Qd]amds Q sDpChpw sDpw$

HCha Js Bt" Outcash J\dp Ca^dp]odC9 Bmd_pss Hamds\ ]rQv]ds_ppp9 \ds ]doppbao\pw, Js od]ampw ss[mmpbah Outca

ba{]w Js Qd]amahdopa b]d$ tms` Hsohpw Xa Bt\zkdpd$Bt" bsamtoajpw \g Hiz[d\pfmdp Outcash Mp Ca^pma Xas\

pba{]w H{lldpp" Bmd_ps t\ad Yya\da Js Hamv B]dhahd H{Ildpp$ Bsh Bt\zkdpma\pw Cspma\pw Js lr[hd\v B]yw Cu]pCmpw ]aevQoympbpv$

b`dhds Q Outcash Caâ \g H{Ildpsd, Mab]ahd \dsCpC \debahdod^w$

b`dhds Q Outcash Caâ \g H{Ildpsd, oab]ahd fdhpwipCr]jpw \g Bfyid^w$

b`dhds Q Outcash Caâ \g H{Ildpsd, i{QYa\bahd

\g teaCs @tQdv {Ctb^ iztp Ch`^w$Ma b`dhtb" Js QaQjpw Cpjpw Xa i]dpp9 Outcash Caâ

J\dl!]!hd!$

Ja Outcash Caâs] J\dv Modepw ]rQv]dhpaCp]$

H{IldpChpw BtQdpChpw sDa]doda\pw J\dp \dmrdhd9 Jsa Bmd_pp]s Jd \dp {Qa\ {Q]gdpp$

do]thas_ {Qada Js lr[hmpw Js \dWdpp9 Bt" \ghpwB]p]sha^ta H{Ildp]v$

HCha Js Bt" Yya\depw {Qa\hdepw \do]\ahdoda Xa \dhd!d!od!p!p$

bod!ha!\p!C!o^w


4/36

0 O]a \ds B Vq 862?

CpCjpw b^dMaU`pw Bhhvt tbmdeaiw;

JUdta`dh 5

Js lr[hw \d\!ahv 26

Ca]! g b`dhw

Js izw Qod!cp!a!amv 20

t_aw iK`dh

B\p!{I!lw Mop baVd! 2=

WWd] tVa

B\p[d\ mdcp 80

Qp]dh Cq_aompw Qp]dh cp{cqkCjpw 85

t_aw iK! dh

thcpmd Mato Hamv 8:

tVakd Qaod

maC ?8

ivQdodv O Vgiv,bodhCq_aow, WdUdwIv \ C]'0?2

bt\aob VwIvk, ]rcq :=6 662, tCojtTa ; 60=> ?86=:?6

e$abcl; spcrctcdkesusFnabcl$oga

wehscte; www$spcrctcdkesus$grn

M{Q]d 28$66Mopmktv 256$66Bpmktv >56$66mdt[ctv 2566$66

Vbyaedt ; Hy AG'@@'Omeque gd bdy hbdi Vbybhle bt Pmrcssur `rbwd cd jbvgur gj _VCXCP CD KE_U_$

Jgr omeques `rbwd gtmer tmbd b Pmrcssur Hbdi, plebse b`` hbdi ombrnes F 56'! per omeque$

O]a \ds B

Xencgdbl oedtres;

_urcbdelly;Abrcbd Oedtre, Abrylbd`,

_urcbdelly V$G :=5 :2=, Pel ; 60=:= ?80360

Auahbc ;Dbtcgdbl Abrcbd Oedtre, _ebwgg`s

^est, Dbvc Auahbc ! 066 >6:

Pel; 688 ! 88365:03

@elmc ;Abrcbd Oedtre, Vbd`bv Dbnbr,

Dew @elmc 226 62= Pel; 622 880=05::

Omeddbc ;Abrcbd Oedtre, Dg$0'?3'O

-Jcrst Jlggr#,_t$Vbtrcois Omurom Xgb`, ?r` lbde, Hutt

Xgb`, _t$Pmgabs Agudt, Omeddbc :66 62:

Pel; 600 88?06888, 6=28882?35>, 3=0623=005

Zelbdibddc; Abrcbd Oedtre, Pebomers Oglgdy$

Zelbdibddc ! :22 222$ Pel; 60?:5 8:08?>

Hbdnblgre;Abrcbd Oedtre, Dg$:,8H Orgss,

GAHX Lbygut, Hbdbswb`c,Hbdnblgre, 5:6 60?Pel ; 6=6 !88>3?6:5, Agh; 630=?52205>

Igomc;Abrcbd Oedtre, Lbde 8 B, _bmbibrbdb Xgb`,

Hemcd` Mgtel Dyle Vlbzb, Zyttclb!:=8623

Pel ; 38==6?03>>

Abdomester ; Cdterdbtcgdbl Abrcbd Oedtre,

Abdomester, U$I$Pel ; 6600>06?8:>2:5

]ajpCjdeqs_$$$$DgTv JUd; t_aw iK`dh smqpt

ig\dh iWv JUd;Ca]`g b`dhw

iWv JUd; $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$t[miy N$Ud$

JUdta`dh tWaUv; $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$tWWd tVaiv,

edi t_aw, tVakd Qd$Qd, sQa`dp sC$M$

Qdtk bat\V; $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$]! Qd$!id

iptek bat\V; $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ Qg md$Vd$

MaTgiv \dl^w; $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$bd\d Qaea

Udssi * tehuv ; $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ WaWp Jw$Ud

Ud$d$Qd$ * sidwIv ; $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ WdtVkv tVaiv

0 O]a \ds B Vq 862?


5/36

5O]a \ds BVq 862?

JUd!ta!`dh

5O]a \ds BVq 862?

Bp]jps_ VQbae JtQod ivQdodv O Vgiv \_

p Cqahvb Xa mjsoths` Okv_s_p Mop cp{cqkha^v$ Ma

bs Caoyw B]v Qodcp Bsh bl]zs_ppp Jp]a v$

Ja H cp{cqktha_p Js Okv_d\pCao^w H cp{cqkhd

eq_\gjw \d`p\dp Qodcp Bhps_hpw Qodcpaamdshpw

medh iadYyba v$ B]d Qs_pp MopmtQaepw sm`pwssC

tas_, \doacthas_ b_dtaCp]v Cat^dmdd$

Cnd baiw tWawsWhd Mop cp{cqkptmd mal\d

ha{]sDp ibhw Qodcpaamv Js QPdd Caoyw Xa Qp

smhvpCha v$ Ov Jahdodpw mD\w Qpmhvt]v, Xa b\

d Dddp$ Ca\ahdse mdmal mdopd mgp]gptQahta

teaC!d Hodepw H{c!hd !as] ss[mssap mgp

irkv_dd Qodcp Bhps_ iadYyw Xa Map$ Ca\ahdse

fm!\!d ba]a!mv @a!hd!op!!]p!sCa!a^v H Cp_pw!W!d\p

mjsossv ilahw Cdd!h!]v$ ba]amv ]s Cqs_!hp!sv Mop

Qod!cp b`dhwJs cd


6/36

: O]a \ds B Vq 862?: O]a \ds B Vq 862?

mdczaid @`a^w$ ba]amv Cqs_hpsd Matoa Hmcyt\opw thcp

mds\sav Bp]w B {Qmdddodpw$

Qodcpaamv Jta_p Q`p, ba]amds iadYyw \ds Vgmd]

d J{]ba{]w cbat^a B{]ba{]w B\p{Ilmpw BfdtkCmpw \d\v

efddodpw$ Ca\ahd ba]amds cbah iadYy!ba v thcpmds\

sav Bp]w {Qmd!d!]v$ Ca\a!hdse H Cp_pwWw b`d!hs

ivt\ld!d!op!!]p!sCav, b`d!h!ta_v myd!Ww @ahd!op!!]p!sCa!

a v ba]amv bpCqd H fm\d C_psD]v$ ((thcpmds B

Bmds_ @ahdopp.. -thal 8;2#$

mgp]gptQah tm[\hdepw Qod{fadhdepw Qeopw C_Cta

jjdteta Bhmgdteta Ma_a {cbdta ba]amv Bmso ]_dod^w$ ba]amd middop Qodcpaamv Bsh {QtDa[ddp

thcpmds\ ibgQda\pw thcpmdt\a_p Q`hpma\pw$ Hamd {QtDa[d

]hahd b`dhw thcpmds\ ibgQdp Q`p, Bmp mgd$ @_ thcp

@ow Q`p, iv{]gsh J\dpw \d\pw Jv7 Js ibhw O\dhpw

Hhdd -thal 8;0#$

]s ibhw O\dhpw Hhdd Jp Q`v thcp b`dhds

Bfy\ \doidtanpw Btafyhahd @`b\tas_ b`dhw tmea

toa_p Q`hpp, ((Bm Q`hp]ptQase sDpmd.. -thal 8;5#$ Qodcp

aamd \d` b`dhw Q` H mav Mop Bdhahd thcpmd

Q]dp$ thcpmd middop Qodcpaamds\ @^pma\pw @zed

dpma\pw ]mw cbahdopp b`dhd \dpw Qp`s mav$

]!bhw thcp ]dod!!`d!p, ]a Jta {Qmd!t!d!hd!od!p!p$

Hamd @^p thcp @_ CevQdp Cfo^dCjd smw \d`hvp

md$ tmea fo^dCjd smw \d`p$ B]p mtajw \d`p Cnd

tatnpw H smw mgahd oqQaosdopp$ lateep$

Qodcpaamv Jta_p Q`]v O]a v b`dhds cbah

iadYyw thcpmds\sav Bp]w {Qmddpsmd Opw b`d

hds cbah iadYyw \ds Cqs_hpv Jd thcp \ddeqs_

Bp]w {Qmddodpw$ ba]amds iadYyw Mopm\d Js\ha v

cbahd {QC_bampC7 Qodcpaamp ] @oba v VQbae sDapC$

Mop 25? b^d VQbae Xa sDapta Qodcp Bhps_ iadYyw


7/36

>O]a \ds BVq 862? >O]a \ds BVq 862?

J\dp`ampp$ ov 25? b^d VQw sDadha Qodcpaamds cd

Js lr[hdepw, cogodepw J\d\pfmd`dha iaYdpw$ bqp 25?

b^d VQ!bae sDad!ha Xa Qq!bahpw iz]!{!\a!^v$ Xa\,

Qqbahpw Qodcpaamv Jaw \_p]v J\d`dha

Cndhpw$ Hamd ehdm\ahd Hamd MnpCd\_

p B\pfmw$ B]p medh H\{Q[ba v$

Js Hgh Vgmd]ds Howfw bp]

Qodcp Btha_p {Qada Js QPdd

]v Qodcpaamah ss[mba v$ B]pw VQbae

sDad {Qadpma$ VQbae sDaas] cp{cq

khvahd tVd Ch`ptasnaw J\d\pf

m!s lr[!h!ds cq\y!]!hp!v$ B]v Ja!

s^v Qetanpw Xa b\deadhdopd$

Ja VQ!ba!e!sDad {Qad!!]d!\p!tckw

cp{cq!k!Cv tVd sDp!ta!sna!shpw

Mop {Qt]yC]ow cd B\pfmsdopp$ H

cp!{cq!k!C! ipI!b!bahd \_!p!C!hpw sDpw$

Ba!!tatna mD\w {Qiw!Id!a medh

faow B\pfms_pC, mD\w Cdas] modC,

mD\{QLak^d Mnpv B\pfms_a

]dodpC ]p_dh WpdbppC @ahd

p!v$ B]d!\p Cao!^! Bp

Xa ]dod`ddopd$

Ja Ov Xa b\!d!

eapp, \ Mop mD\cp{cq

kC\aC^sbd, Qodcp

a!a!mds cd

{QC!_!ba!C!^!sb!d

Qodcp Bhps_

iadYyw Cq_d!

th!]g!oq$

Bp !] !

, B_


8/36

= O]a \ds B Vq 862?= O]a \ds B Vq 862?

haj iwfmda

B!hps_ c!bah

iadYyw Cq_dth]goq$

Bs\shd sQ

p!iv]!a!oah ipmd!tckCops_ cp{cqkC

jd ! Jp!sCav

cbah Bp!]!

jpw B_!ha!j!jpw

iwfmd^w7 Qodcp

B ! s h ! p ! ` d t a

mdcp Cpa\shp

`dta Bmp !sm!jd!

s!_p!d!d!d !hd!d !$

Bm B]p {Ild!p!

d!$ Jdepw Bm

Qod !cp !a !a !mds\

ivt\ld !p ! !mopw

ss[m !i !d !Y d !h d !

mdcz !i v] !o p !ba !h !]p !

sCav ss[mw Bmso

@Q ! th a ! I d ! p ! p $

mdcp Cpa!\hpw

Qodcp b`dhmpw @

Cta!ed! Qod!cp!

a!a!mds\ ivt\ld!

a]psCapw ss[mmD\w B\pioda]pbqempw Qodcpaamds\ iz]

{bahd {Qmda B\pm[da]psCapw Bmod Qodcpaamv Caoybahd Mpw {Qmdpd$ Xa b\deadh MopCaoybpv$ Qodcpaamv

Mopm\d {Qmd!! !sb!d medh mde!sCa!_p!!^w$ Vgmd!]!dse Bt\Cw

Caoy! @dkv_!ba!!^w$ ]s cogow Qodcpaamds Hehbas^v ]dod

`dmd B]v mdcpbahd iqd^w$ O{dhsj \dh{dv, mdcpdhd Vgmdv

Jtanpw Qodcpaamdt\a_pCqs_ Hhdoda iaYd^w$ Cqs_ HhdodpC

Ja lr[hwsCav, b\psCav, DdsCav Qodcpaamdt\a_pCqs_ HC


9/36

3O]a \ds BVq 862? 3O]a \ds BVq 862?

^w$ Bm!ops_ Vgmd!]d Qod!cp!a!amv c!bahd O_!sQ!_pw$ Bmso

ss[m!oa!Vy!d!\p!tmd @Q!tha!Id!pw$

Qodcp Bhps_ iadYyw Jdep Qodcpaamd\v cd

QCopp$ \ \d` b`dhtb Jv Matoa {Qamcyw @opmd_ptanpw B]p

ss[mmD\baCha Bs]s CnpCpp, mdcpgCodpp$ CpC B_v

NCa{I]hd {Qadpta H[yw CpCp bpd Oopp ba{]ba

hdodpw Ca^pC$ Ja Matoa (\ \d` b`dh.w sDadndhptanpw

BCaow ba`d {QCacw C_pmop]v Bt\Cw {Qamcyw Xa B\pfmd

dpv$ lr[hshpw b\ds\hpw Hamds\hpw cogoshpw mdcp

dCodpma\p cd Matoa \ \d` b`dhd\pbpv$ Js cd,

Js ssYoyw, Wew, Js mdcpd Jaw J\dp t\_dop]v \

\d` b`dhtb J {Qa\ha v$ cogod\v tQakCbqeybp Hlaow

tQase Hamds f^ba v ss[mmD\w$ B]v b`dhs iv]p]dp

mD!\ja!Cp!ta a\!ds cd \d!tev Cp]d!p!C!h!`p!p,

Hamds\ @^pp, @Vzeddpp, CpCsj {QCacddpp, map

Cv [rZ] \Cp!p, mD!\!d\v bq!th!Cp!p, mdcp!d!hps_ sm!

miv{]w \s Qp]dpp$ \d midp Qodcpaamds\ cd

s_ppma O]dow Ja^p tm]v7 B\p[d\w thaIy]thas_ izgC

od!p mdcp Cpa!\!hd!eqs_ \d!tep C_!p!m!op thcp!mds

cdCq_dhaCpta Mopm c\ahdgopp$

thcpmpw Qodcp b`dhmpw Qodcpaampw izgh Qd]ampw mid

p Mop lr[hw B]dQow bsa v ss[mw \d \dv Bfdekd

p]v7 izw Mopms @deamp B\pfmw$ Bm\d Qodcpaamv

@`dd_pChd$ Jtanpw {QmdpsCadodpw$ Qodcp b`dhmpw

Qodcpaampw Mopm\d @v Jd Bm\d ss[mds cd {QC

_!bahd @a!mp!C!]!s!sD!pw$ b`d!hs ivt\ld!pC, b`d!h!ta!s_av

HmpC$ Qodcpa]vbamds Nmpw medh itakw B]ahdodpw$ Cao^w

b`dhd midp]d H\w Csdhm\a v Qodcpaamv$ Xa

b`dhs ivt\ldv Bmtjas_av midpta Jd mida Qod

cpaamv H\w Cspp$ lteph$

DgTv JUd!$


10/36

26 O]a \ds B Vq 862?26 O]a \ds B Vq 862?

baipbpv tmjad ss[maehd mdcp Wedhd Qs_pp ib

hw$ Xa \ddop]v IahCiwLd\_pa v$ mdcp Cpa\ ]p_p]d\ps]ap

bpv Mop iv{]g mg sDh`d Mop sQ!Cp!d!hp!bahd C_!p!m!p$ Bohvp ]atnhvv

tcakd H sQCpd IahCiwLdse BwIbahdopp$ cogow ]jv Qoilahbd

as] \_a iaYyba]dop H sQCpdhd ]joa Mop lr[hw Xa Cp$

Js Bp!]!s!_p!d!h]v Bm mj!so!ths` ita!k!m!]d!ha^v J]a^v$ md!cp

Cpa\ ]p_dh ibhw bp] Bmia\w msohpw medh itaktas_ Qpdodp

Js lr[hw \d\ahvCa]`g b`dhw


11/36

22O]a \ds BVq 862? 22O]a \ds BVq 862?

sCav ]s Cqs_!hp!!m!sohpw

Qa_a t{Qod!dv ]s iadYyw

sCav bpmod itakw \d`

hvp sQCpd$

iaYa!o^ mdcp Cpa!\!hd Qetanpw Xa CpC B_

a v QpsCap]v$ Dppbpmso

{cd!a!`d!$ Ja Bv Js

CpC Bt\C ]m^ H sQCp

d!hd!ea!hd$ Bm!jps_ itakmpw

ivt\lmpw ip!kv_dhpw \d`

bpK!famw Os]aw Js mj!so!

ths` Ddd!d!p$

\jd Qepw ss[md

\dpw efd!d!p \!hd ita!

kda iaYda`d$ b`dv Oa

]d!s\!thav medh tm[!\hpw

[pxKmpw Qoa]dhpw {Qaddv \_

a Caoy !!jd \doa !chpw$

mdcp {Iw QPddpp, \d

Jtanpw \ps_ Cmd ita

kdpmd$ Xa mgpw Q`hpp,

\d itakdpmd$ Mds\p

`dpw HCpeoatC$ {Qa\hdeq

s_hpw BtQ!!hd!eq!s_hpw Cr]!

]a ivt]a{]tjas_ \djps_

haD\C ss[midYdhd Bd

pmd$ Bta \ps_ Ja Yao

^!shhpw B]d!ew!Ld!p ss[m!

ds ibaYa\w \djps_ lr[hsjhpw DdCsjhpw thcp{Cdiv]p

md CapsCapw -Tded 0;0,:,>#$

\asbamopw ]s {Qad

p!!mopw mdcza!i!Vg!md!]!d

Bt\Cmks Qaooyw BmCa

c!s!_p!!m!op!ba!^v$ \d J{]!

tQv hSad Camds

ivt\lw B\pfmda, Jahvtanpw itakba

hdoda, \ps_ iadydeqs_ Outcahps_

ivt\lw bp!!m!od!tev QC!op!ma Cnd!hp!p!v7

itakmpw ivt\lmpw ibaYa\mpw \aw B\pf

mdp]v \ps_ lr[hdea v$ Outca Q`p,

((Xa \dv ibaYa\w ]dv tQaCpp$ Js

ibaYa\w \dv Xa \Cpp$ teaCw \Cp

]ptQaseh Xa \Cp]v$ \djps_ lr[hw

Biz!!ba!tC!$ \d fh!s!_p!C!hpw!tm..

-thal 20;8>#$ Camds Ou maIv[a\w \de\dp

ta ]s Ov Bt\Cv B]v B\pfmda

Qp!d J!]a v i]yw$ Jtanpw mj!so!ths`

ita!k!d Ca !s!_p [!]d!Csj J\d!!`d!

haw$ Ja Bm ]\damptasnas Bmd


12/36

28 O]a \ds B Vq 862?28 O]a \ds B Vq 862?

_hd medh sQads`dhpw fd]hpba v$

Ov Bt\Cops_hpw Bmha^d]v$ H

odCbah ibaYa\w \kv_s_pp$ Hsohpw

ivt\lda Cndhpd$

Vq baiw ]dopif \ps_ Ca

mds ]dop!lr[h!m!^!!baiw HD!od!p!C!

ha v$ \bpv Outcatha_v Q`haw$ Ca

tm, Js Mop Qp]dh irkv_d!had, Mop

Qp]dh lr[hd\v @_bhad ba^tb" bp

!mso ivt\ld!a \bpv Cnd!h!^w$

Jd \ps_ lr[hd ss[mivt\lw

@a!hd!od!!^w$ tàb 5;5 mD\w Q !hp!

p, ((\bpv \Csdodp Qodcpaa

mdeqs_ ss[mds ivt\lw \ps_ lr[

h!!jd!tev sDaod!h!s!d!od!p!p..$ Qe!

tanpw \ Q !ha`pv, J\dv Outca

tha_v medh ivt\l!ba v Ja Ddemy!

d!C!tja_v bd!a Qp!d, Bm!toa_v

sm`pa v$ ((Xa ss[ms ivt\ldpp

smv Hsodepw Q`hpChpw izw itla

[os\ t[zkdpChpw sDhv]a Bm Cw

Q`hpp$ Cao^w, Ca^s_p itla[os\ivt\ldam\v Ca^s_a ss[ms

ivt\lda iaYdpChd$ {Cdiv]pmd

\dv Ou CQ\ \bpv efddodp!p9

ss[ms ivt\ld!p!!m itla![!o!

s\hpw ivt\ld!!^w.. -2 thal 0; 86,82#$

Xa J{] b^dq {Qadp, J{] B_

hajjpw Bp]jpw {Qmdp J

]de, Hgh Vgmd]w mdVhbahd ba`p

]v$ J\dv bpmso J{]ba{]w ivt\ld

p!ma Cnd!hp!pta, J{]!ths` Caop!

^ympw bhpw Ca^d!p!ma iaYd!p!

pta B{]ths` Xa ss[mta_v B_p

a!^v$ mD\w Q`!hp!p, ((ss[ms Mop!

m\pw Modepw Cdd9 Ja, \aw Qo

ivQow ivt\ld!a ss[mw \d mid!

pw$ Bmd_s ivt\lw \d Qqba

CpChpw sDpw.. -2 thal 0;28#$

Hg!h!sov Bm!Ca!c!s!_p \aw

Matoa [dmidepw \ps_ mapCsjhpw

{Qmd!C!sjhpw mde!hd!opd t\a!^w,

Mop myd J \de!hd Js Cp_pw!W!

d Xa bpmso J{]ba{]w ivt\ld

ppv 7 bpmv \]p Q`ha Qp

Mop Vgmd!]!batâ Jt]v7 Xa Hhd!od!

p ibqld Ov Js a\w Jav7 mapCjpw {QmdCjpwmnd Xa Mop

Hg!h!\atâ, euCg!C!\atâ, Bt]a

VUd!C!\atâ7 ivt\l!d!s\!]d!oa!hp

Ja {Qmd!C!sjhpw Vgmd!]!d!\dv

bad!!j!haw$ lr[!h!d Cp_d!sCa!p

Bmd!czaiw, iwchw, fhw, \doac, [pKw,

HCpe], Vgmd]dse QaQjah \p^,

D]d, m\, CpatoaQ^w, BQKya]d, [qk


13/36

2?O]a \ds BVq 862? 2?O]a \ds BVq 862?

^w Omhpw Omtha_v B\pWdp Ja

]d!C!sjhpw \ps_ Vgmd!]!d!\dpw

\gdjhpma iaYd^w$ Bt\Cw mk

{QadpChpw Qdg_v iaas Co

jd sQv \p^hpw BQma[mpw {QDodd

pChpw sDp b\pkysoXa Cdpv$

\ H og]dhd QaQd \dQ]dop]v$

lr[hd Jahvtanpw iCe ]dhd

\dpw tbaDddv ss[mivt\l!ds Mop

malC Qa{]bad bapC$

{Qdhbpmso, Hgh] Ja og]d

hdepw mdehp]a v$ B]p \doobah Mop

Qod!cg!e!\!ba!^v$ bp!!mv iza]{ywmaIv[a\w sDp!Chpw Bt]!i!bhw \ac!

ds B_d!b!C HCa!]d!od!p!ma {cd!

pmd$ Cao^w N]d\a Mopm t]aevQd

s_pptma B]ds B_dbha v Bm$

-8 Qt{]a 8;23#$ Bt\!Cw mk! ss[m!

d!\p!tmd mde!sCa!_pv \ddv \ds

Hamv ss[md\v \kv_s_psd -bs

saw t\_d!haepw# B]p!sCav \d\v

Jp{QthaV\w$ m\ sDp Mopm\pw

Js fm\d midpChd9 \p^ Q`

hp Mopm\pw Js idYdhd ]p_oa\a

mpChd -ig 262;>#$

lr[hQqmC!bahpw IaZ!bahpw Qo!

ivQow ivt\ldpsCav Hgh Vgmd]w

Walybah B\pkvPa\jd ba{]baas]

hSad ss[mw Cqs_midp myd

Cjahd \bpv ba`aw$ ivt\lw Bhao\v

Mop t{[almpw sDpd$ B]psCav \dh

bds Qqg!Co^w ivt\l!ba v -t`ab

2?;26#$ itla![!oso, iza]!{y!d!te!a^v

\d mdjdsdodp]v$ fu]dC ipK

d\p iza]{ybahd B]ds\ I^dop

s]v ba{]w$ {Q]yp] ivt\l!ta!_p!Cqs_

[ai!so!tase Qo!ivQow ivt\ld!p!md$

Jsa \dstase \ds Bha

os\hpw ivt\ldpC J Mtoshaop CevQ

\!hd \dhbw bpnp!m B_!d!hd!od!p!p$

Ja, \d Bt\ya\yw C_dpCg`pChpw

mdnp!p!Chpw sDhv]v Qo!ivQow \cd!d!a!

]doda {cdpsCapmd -Iea 5;2?,25#$

QaQdCjah \ta_p ivt\ls{Q]d Cpdp`s Outcahps_ ]dop

lr[hd\v \ps_ QaQw \d`, ivt\lbd

a lr[!hs ibd !aw$ \bpv

Ca!md!t\a_v {Qad!aw$ Outca!hps_

Nmpw baYpoy!bp ]dop!lr![!h!tb, Js

lr[hw Bmd_ps lr[hw tQaseha^

sb" ibaY\ds ss[mw \djps_ lr[h

sj fods$


14/36

20 O]a \ds B Vq 862?20 O]a \ds B Vq 862?

sbhv 23 sQpiv]a ]dop\a Hhdopp$ Qodcpaamds\ teaCw

bpnp!m!\p!bahd ss[mw mkd!!]ds H\!!d J\d!p!e!fd Qod!cp!a!a!

mds\thav Xa ss[md\p \d Q`p$ Jd midp Qodcpaa

mdt\a_v Nw ivt\ltas_, \d \d` lr[htas_ Xa Q`p, Xa

Bsh ivt\ld!p!p$ Oop!Q!d!hp mk!p!bpQv Js Vgmd!]!d!

tev O`dmv Js Mop Qp]dh irkv_dhad, c\ad, oqQaos_pd,

ss[m!d!t!]a!d badh Qod!cp!a!amv$ ((ss[ma!a!md!\a \hd!!s!_p!!m!

soaw ss[mds Qp{]aoa v.. -t`ab =;20#$

Js Vgmd]dtev C_pmv Js mdcpgCodv, oqQaos_pd,Js QPddv, Qodcgeddv ss[mbC\ad badh]v Jd midp Qodcp

a!a!ma!^v$ QaQ!s!p!`dv Hn!bah tWaYy! ]v QaQw mnd mop

QdcaDds\ ]dod!!`dv QaQ!shpw Qdca!Dd!s\hpw sD`p!a, J]dp!

t]aQda Js QPdd]pw Qodcpaama v$ J\dp\Cs Qodcp

aamv" Ma, Xa\sh iv]p]dpp, Qodcpaatm, Xa\tp \d Q`

hp!p"

Js {Qada QPdd]p Qodcpaama v$ Xa cdcpmahdop

ta a\iv\a\deqs_ Jd C_pmv Js cogos ss[mds

Js izwQod!cp!a!amv

t_aw iK!`dh


15/36

25O]a \ds BVq 862? 25O]a \ds BVq 862?

Hehbadh Qodcpaamv$ Js bpd

sha!a!bs mh!d c!\a!h thaa!

mds\tase, Nmpw Cop\ah hpmgo

s\!ta!se, Nw {QI!\ah BYya!Q!C!s\!

tase Jd!tev O !d!mv Js iz!

bad$ 23== Qodcpaamv Jdtev O`

dmv Js Ns_p]d\ptckw Jd

iwfmd Caoy O\d Q`hpmha v$

Mv, Js {Qada QPddp$

Mop \dbdkw tQaepw teaCd\ptmd Qana

djhas] Jtanpw Camds Cqs_

Hhd!od!a\pw {Qad!p!ma\pw Qod!cp!a!

amv Js \doow ilahdpsCadop

p$ B]d\as b^dq`pC {Qa\!hd Hhd!od!p!ma Bmd!_pv Js

{QtDa[ddpsCadopp$ {Qaddsd

Jta Mop!]ow Qod!{fad Qd_d!sQ!_p!!]p!

tQase t]ad!d!op!p$ {Qad!atea

medh cd B\pfmsdopp$

thcp ]s Bivt]aeaso s]o

s_p]v ]ta_pCqs_ Hhdodpma\a

hdopp Jv mdcp edKd]w toKs_ppp$ ((]ta_pCq_d Hhdodp]d\pw {Qiw

Ida Bhp]d\pw QdcaDpsj Wld

kvCodpma BYdCaow \Cp]d\pbahd

Bm Q{ptQso \dthaIdp.. -bta

?;20,25#$ Mopm thcpmdt\a_pCqs_ Hmp]v

mydQobah {Qa\hdeqs_ha v$ Js

Vgmd]d Qodcpaamv J\dp\Cdh

Nmpw medh Qodcge\bahdopp Jtanpw

Outcahps_ Cqs_ HhdodpC Jp]v$

[dmid Bt\Cw b^dq`pC Ca

md!t\a!_p!Cqs_ Dde!m!nd !p!ma Cnd!hpC

J{]tha B\p{Il{Q[ba v$

oa!b!]ahd Qod!cp!a!amv Js

ila!hd!]v Qodcp B!sh Cq_p!]

ivt\ldpma\pw Btha_v {Qadpma

\pba v$ maiv]md Qodcp Bha v

Js thcpmdtev \hd]v$ Qt Bshp`dp Js B`dmv N]a\pw {Qa

\Cjd ba{]w M]pp]ahdopp$ Ja

Qod!cp!a!amv Jd m!]d!\p!tc!k!ba v

Bsh Xa ivt\ld!a ]p_!d!h!]v$

Bt\Cw b^dq`pC Xa {Qadaepw

oa{]d!ha!Cp!ta Js b\!d\v Mop ]ow

cq\y] Qetanpw B\pfmsdopp$ b\d\v

Mop iw]rQv]d Oa!, ita!k!bd!a

Bm!$ Qe oa{]d!C!jdepw @`!p!!]d!\p!

bpQp {Qa\Cjd Xa tDa[ddpv,

Ca!tm, Ov O{]hpw b^d!q!`p!C

{Qaddpw J\dv Mop ]rQv]d Ota$

b\d medh cq\y] B\pfms_pp$ H

\dbdkjd J\dpow ]opw, Qodcp

Bhps_ ]dopizoqQw [c\jd Ca^d

p!]!dv B!tha!_p!{Qad!a b\!d


16/36

2: O]a \ds B Vq 862?2: O]a \ds B Vq 862?

t{Qo^hpa!mpw$ Ja^v {Qad!

t]v7 bqp \ \d`b`dhw sDapC

Ja!hd!odpw @!ow$ Xa bqp \

\d` b`dhw sDad!h]pw @h!o!d

\dpw be!smw Cpd!sha!npCd mop!!

]p!tQase, Qaeds Qod!cp!d!thas_ Qod!

cpaamds cd Jdtep mop]v

\dbdkt\osCav Xa ]dod`dhpw$

Vgmd !]!d Bt\Cw {Qamcyw O]v

Hmd!d!p!v$ Qod!cp B!tha_p

{Qad!a Qod !cp!a!amv Js

\dWdp$ B]v VQbae {Qa\hahd

Jd! Bmd!_pp bad$ Opw VQ!bae

{Qa\ mnd ba{]tb J\dp Qod!cp!aamds\ B\pfmd`dha CndhpChp

q$ lteph$

bqab]ahd Qodcpaamv Js

QPdd]v Jd\pw N]d\pw ss[md

H{chdpma\a v$ Xa BfdbpKgCod

{Qcv\!!jd b\pky!od H{c!hd!as]

ss[md ba{]w H{chdpma Qodcp

aamv Js QPddp$ bpm JsJ]dptanpw t{[aldptanpw tQaeg

id!tea, tCa_!]d!hdtea, ssCCq!ed!hd!tea,

oakv{_g !h !a!od !tea, H{c!hdas]

Jtanpw ss[m!d H{c!hd!p!ma

Bmd_pv J\dv CrQ]p$ Js QPd

dp$ \g O_tata metata ]dod

hop]v, b\pky\d H{chdop]v, @hod

tep t\ap!C, ilahw Ca!md

\dpw mopw$ Os]s B\pfmba v, BpwOpw$

ss[md H{chdta ss[mw

O`!d!mv \g]d \_d ] Bt\Cw

iwf!m! @v$ Mod! tCo!j!d

O_pd Vdhdse Dd!\a mdtVd

Xa madh fqbdv Mop {Qcv\bpahd$

2330 H v O]p \_]v$ Xa madh

fqbdv bsaop BmCacdhpahd$ Bha bpKy

b{d Cop^aCo\v Qoa]dsCa_pp$ ]a lod

V\as^pw ]s fqbd Xa ssCmcs_pd

shpbahdopp Qoa]d$ mdtVv MaTgi ba]yp

J\ds]doahd `dtapad$ mdmob`d

Xa mdtVv MaTgidsed$ Js tCa

tQaepw Bha ]a`ahd$ H fqbd J\dp

]od J!ha Q`!p$ Xa Bha!tja_pQ`p, \d Ou Cti!o!hd Ood!p!]v

QQa]w Ca^da\, \g]d \_doa\a

v$ oakv{_gh izaYg\ds tQod Js @Q

{[mdop]v$ Qt Bha Js BQba\da

{cbdp$ Xa Q`p, \d \g]d\_dhd

sd Vgmdp ss[mw J\dp \g]d ]opw$

Bha Q`p, tQahd ss[mta_p tb_dta$

Xa s{Qhviv [ teaUv Q`v Bmds_ \dpw

O`!d!ta!hd$

Bob^dq`d\Cw Bha OopCti

ohd \dpw Cpnpmg^p$ MaTgidepahd

op bp!!m Bhasj Hcp!Q!{]d!hd!ead$

oanvDthajw HcpQ{]dhd Cd_tdmp$

O]d\d_hd Mop Q^dkvsb v {_aivT Bha

sjt]_dshd$ mkpbpQv \_ Nt]a

tCids \_!Q!_d!{C!b! Qqd!had Vda!


17/36

2>O]a \ds BVq 862? 2>O]a \ds BVq 862?

CjCv_ Bhasj ew bad$ Bha Hcp

Q!{]d!hd \dpw mop!!]d!\p!bp!p!]s

Qp]dh MaTgi Das_ppChpw J\d

s!]dso Mpw sDa iaYd!a!]a!mp!

Chpw sDhv]p$

Mop oakv{_gh t\]a!md !shpw

ilahw t]_d Xa tQahd!$ ssCq!

edpw cpQachvpw tQahd$ Camd

H{chdp, Camd co^sp$ ss[mw

O !dmv Bp]w {Qmdp$ Jd\pw

N]d\pw Camd H{chdpma Js

QPd!d!]v Jd mid!p Js izw

Qod!cp!a!a!ma! v$

ss[mw @v Jv Bt\C mdczid

p!p$ ss[mw c!\a!s^pw Bt\!C

mdcz!id!p!p$ {Qcv\ @a!Cp!ta

H[yw ss[m!ta_v {Qad!pp$ Qe!

tanpw ss[md \dv @ow Cdpd,

ss[mw O_!sQ!_p!d J B\p!f!m!ba^v

Bt\Cpw$ Bt]a_pCq_d {Qa\ Bm

ia\dpw$ Qdg_v O_tata, metata

]dodhpp$ Hsos ilahdpw7 oakv{_ghaso H{chdpp, Bsd tQaeg

ids\tha tCa_]dshtha ibgQdpp$ !M

od Js Vgmd]depah Mop {Qcv\

d Qod!cp!a!amv O_!sQ!]v J!s\!

shv Xa Q`haw$ J\dv BmCacs

o!o!th! ew mdp!Cd!p!ma Js!

shaop Wpmds\]doahd tCiv \_pma

Xa ]gop!ba!\d!p$ mg!eds\ Ca^p!ma

tQaCp [dmiw oamdse Xa {Qadp

sCa!d!od!p!ta Xa Ca!md!t\a_p

Q`p, ss[mtb J\dmCacs miv]p

mgpCdpma Js bpd bv mndCsja

pbd$ Xa tCipsCa_ppCha v$ Os

\dv mgeds\ Ca^^w$ Xa tDa[dp,

Catm Xa B{Q!Caow sDp!]v

\d\v {Qg]d!C!o !ba!hd !od !ptba7 mjso

sQsv Js Hamp^p$ Qod!cp!a!

amv Jd iwia!od!pw!tQase Js

Hamd Mop B\pfmw$ \g \ds itla[

os\]dso tCip \_ppsmd Xa Mod

epw \ds Cqs_ @ahdodpChd$

mjso cbahd Js @d \dpw

m Mop B\pfmw$ Xa ]gopba\dp Ca

mds\ \kv_s_pdhdv J\dsapw tm$

Xa tCid\p tQahd!sp ba{]!b H

mydhpbahd B\po\depbahd$ miv]p

Xa Btld\p mdpsCa_pp$ N]a\pw

bai!p!d Camv Js B\p!{I!

ldp$ iqoys\dhdse Js Crkdtad

\_pahd 02'8

N ew madpma

Camv Js ila!hd!p$ 2335 H^v

B]p iwfmd]v$ Xa mdpsCa_p ew

tCahw Vdhdea v$ Ov H miv]pmda

Cdp]v BQ]p ebas^d iqoys\

dhdse Js \aeo N mda Cdp]v

\ae!o!ta!_d!oq!Q!ha!^v$

ss[mw \ps_ mdcziv]]sh Qogd

!`d!hp!p$ Qog!!C @a!mp!ta ss[m!d H{chdv ss[mds ilaha

H Qog!!Csj Vhd!a iaYd!a B]v

B\p!{I!l!bahd ba`pw$ B!s\!h!as] mop!

ta B]p medh [pod]bahd ba`pp$ Qod

la!o!bd!a {Qcv\!bahd B]v \de!\dp!

Chpw sDpw$ (({Qdh!s!!m!to, \dsj Qod!

tcaYd!a!\ahd Bd!Q!og!!C @a!Cp!

ta, B{Q]gd]bahd Jta iwfmda

se!!tQase Qod!{f!bd!!op!]v$ {Cdiv]p!mds

QgZCjd \d QpCaoamp]d Ha

[d!p!md" Bms bl]zw smjd!s!_p!ta

\d B]yYdCw Ha[dpw$ {Cdiv]pmds

\abw \dbdw \dd!!s!a! \d faIy!

maa$ Jsa, bl]zds Hamv,

B]ah]v ss[maamv \djd midpp..

-2 Qt{]a 0;28!20#$-]p_!opw#


18/36

2= O]a \ds B Vq 862?2= O]a \ds B Vq 862?

B\p!{I!l!d!\p !tmd Qow

Qahp Mop ibqlba v \pt_]v$ ss[m

ta_v {Qaddv efdpdsd b{

ma[dshpw Cqt_a{]dshpw bpti

mCjps_hpw itcmalCops_hpw Qda

se! tQa!Cp!!m!op!v$ ss[m!ds ib!h!

d!\p!tmd Cad!od !as] ]!sj!

s \mgCodas], bsCv, Qoa]d

Q!`v ss[m!ivt\!ls \dtk!Ydv

ss[mgC Q!]d!Csj ]d!!`v ss[m!

d \dpw BCptQaCpmopw @v$

((Camds fso Bmd_ps Cop^hvptmd Cadodpmd9 mgna]dodp

ma mnds]op]v.. -{Qfa 8;># Jp mD\w

\s Mas_ppp$

{Qad!dv J\d!d!]p!mso B\p!

{I!l!sbapw efd!d!d Jp Qoa!]d!Q!`!

hpmtoa_v, Ja v Bmia\w Cpia

od]v, Vgm \mgCodptma, mD\w Qaed

p !!m !oat^a, Cu[a !cdC Vgmd]wJs\, VQbae sDaa!`p!ta Jp

tDa[da Bmod \dv b`pQ!_d !efd

^sbd$ ((\ds ss[mbah Camds

maptCv Op Xa \d\p \Cp

CQ\Csjaw iqvbbahd Qaedpsb

d Bmd!_p \ds fqbd!hdse bsa

V\]shhpwCa @]\apw$ Bmd_ps

mD\w {cmda Ou B\p{Ilsjaw

B\p{Ilw M


19/36

23O]a \ds BVq 862? 23O]a \ds BVq 862?

\ds tb sDaodhpw$$$.. -\dhba 8=;220#$ ((\d Jd mid

pChpw Js mapC \djd \de\dpChpw sDp

sd Okv_bp]v tDa[dpsCapC9 \dp efdpw..

-thal 25;>#$ ss[md \dpw B\p{Ilw izgCod^sbd, ss[m!ds CevQ!\!C mD\w Qaed!!^!sb

\dWw ss[md\pv J i]yw Jtanpw \ps_ Ma

hd @ahdods$ ((\djps_ ss[mbah Camv \dsj

Ja {Qh!]v\!!jdepw ibr!!bahd B\p!{I!ld!pw$ Yaoajw

bjpw CpCaedCjpw ibrbah mdjmpw Bmd_pv \dp

{Q[a\w sDpw$ Ou \dhb

{I!d Jnp!]d !hd !od !

p Ja CevQ!\!Cjpw

Djpw B\piodp]d\ahd \g \ds ss[mbah

Ca!mds map !

tCpChpw Qqlr[h

ta_pw Qqaatma_pw

Cqs_ Bmd!_ps t\v

]dod!hp!Chpw sDp!sb!d

ba{]tb B]v iwf!md!q..

-\dhba ?6;3,26#$ssWWdjd ss[mw

Cnp!]hvv iwia!o!cd

\Cp Mop faIw Ca^aw

-iwKy 88;8=#$ B]p ss[m

ld!]!d!s\!]dso, (]s

izw V\!bah O{ia!th!

eds\ cQd !pC. J

WaeaCv oaVa!mds Hm!

cy!{Q!Caow sbama!Wdse

{Qfp!!a!toa!s_aw ss[m!

ds {Qma!D !C !\ah

Waeaw Cnp!]!p!`v Qp`!

stana v$ Camds

[q]! @uodh majp!bahd

]s mnd !hd \dp!

]p C Cnp!]!hd!eqs_

op (baVd.WWd] tVa


20/36

86 O]a \ds B Vq 862?86 O]a \ds B Vq 862?

bqp {Qamcyw ss[mw ha{] ]_ha {cbd

p$ Bmds_shaw Waeaw Cnp]sh B_d

ta ss[mw Cnp!]hvv iwia!o!cd

\CpChpw B]deqs_ Waeabds CpC

]p`!!s!_p!Chpw Waeaw Ca!mds

[q]s\ Ca^pChpw sDhv]p$ {QmaDC\ah

Waeaw Waea!Cds tim!C!toa_v my!ba!

hd Q`dopp ((WaeaCv ]s mg_p\d`sh

smd!hpw izmpw J\d!p!]!aepw

Js ss[mbah Camv CevQdp]d

Cq_p]tea Cp`tma sDpC J\dv iaYyb

.. -iwKy 88;2=#$ Qdg_v ss[mw B\pm[d

ta Waeaw C_ptQaCpChpw O{iath

eds\ cQd!p!!]d!\p!Q!Cow B\p!{I!ld!p!Chpw sDp]pCaâw$ O]v bqp{Qamcyw

Hmdp$ (ss[mds mapC {cmd

p, ic\d \dv [c\w idd,

]p` CpCtjas_ ibaYdhd ehdv {Qm

Ddp. Waeaw -80;0# Oiatheds\ B\p

{Ildp faI iwKyhps_ Qpiv]C

dse 8?,80 Byahjd Caâ iaYd

pw$ ((ss[mw cQdams\ Xas\s\

cQdpw7 Camv fdams\ Xa

Js\ fdpw7 Qa !s!p!C!jd \dv

Xa Bms\ Ca^pp9 be!bp!C!jd \dv

Xa Bms\ \dog !d !p !p$ tm`d v

Qap Mop V\w9 V\]Ctja_v O_Ceoa

Mop V\w.. -8?;=,3#$ ((O]a B\p!{I!ld!a!s\!

\dv H efdp$ Bmd_pv B\p{Ildp9

B]v Qdmeda Xa Hj$ hataWd

Bmd_pv ]d Cd$ O{iathed [pkv_]

[cd]pbd$ Bmops_ ss[mbah Camv

Bmtoa_pCqs_ @v$ oaVamds Blaiw

Bmops_ O_hd bpnpp$ CaptQads

]d\p ]pybah Wew Bmpv$ hata

Wd\v HfdDaow NpChd9 O{iathed

s\]dso p{[md[y TedpChpbd$ ss[mw{Qmd!]v Ca^p!md Jv hata!Wd!

s\hpw O{ia!th!ed!s\hpw Cp`dv Q`!th

ib!h!ba!^d!]v$ O]a Mop V\w" idwld!sh!

tase B]pôpp$ idwlstase B]v

Jnp!tpp.. -iwKy 8?;86,80#$

Omds_ Mop Caoyw myba v$ ss[mw

Cqs_hp, ]dhda V\d\v caQtba

Hfd!Da!otba p{[!md![ytha Np!C!hd!$ba{]b, ss[mds [aiv Bmso B\p

{Ildpmat\ iaYdq$ B]d\v mdQog]bahd

Hov ss[mds {Qdhsmso cQdaepw

Bm caQ{Ioahdgopw$ ((\ds B\p

{Ildpm B\p{Ilg]$ \ds cQdp

!m caQ!{I!".. -iwKy 80;3#$ ss[m!

ds CevQ\C Qaedp ]s izw

V\s iwo!d!p, B\p!{I!ld!p

Caoy!d ss[mw ]gv^!b!]d!h!\a!^v$ss[mw Bmso B\p{Ildp]d {Qia[d

pp$ -80;2#$

Ddev {Qa!\!sh!p!Q!`!a

ss[mta_v Hmcyw Q`hpC ba{]ba v, B]v

sQsv iaYd!p!Cd!p!Chpw tm^w$ Cdd!hd!

s!d Qds {Qa!\!hd!, ss[m!bd!,

macdhahd, sm`pahd, Qds ]dkv_

((Js Webahmt\, Xa Bthvp

iv]p]d Qa_pw9 ss[mtb, Bv J\dp

tCaha^v .. -ig 53;3#

Js tQov `dh Cpoya!taiv$

ssm!a^v ]ab!id!p!!]v$ Ou

Cnd )8 Qog!hvv tQaCp!!]d\v

bpQv Ja [dm!impw bodh Cq_a!o!

d mdjdv {Qa\a ilahw t]_d

hd!op!p$ div m!ta! J\dv =0%

batas_ mdV!hd !a iaYd !p$

thcptm \d, thcptm iv]p]d$

`dh Cpoyataiv,

sCatod, @e, ssmw$

iayw


21/36

82O]a \ds BVq 862? 82O]a \ds BVq 862?

s QaQds mndhdeqs_ has]aop Cqi

ep!bd !as] tQaCp!p$ mD\w cbahd

]ag]p \Cpp ((\doow ss[mfdhd

Cndhpm B\p{Ilg]\a v9 lr[hw CPd

\!bad mhvp!!m [pod!]!b!\p!f!md!pw..

-ipfa 8=;20#$ (\doow ss[mfdhd Cnd

hpC. Vgmd]d @_\gjw @ahdodt

bt\a!fa!m!ba^v$ Yya\w Cq_p ib!hv

mD\w tCp!mat\a {Qad!p!mat\a

iaYdas], Mpw ilCodas] \dwI]

Qaeda, @`w]qdha Js\ B\p

{I!ld!!s_pw7 Ha!bahd Qod!{c!bd!

as] ss[m!ta_v Qoa!]d!Q!`!ha iaYd!

ptba7 ss[mw iza]{yw \Cd!hd!p!v$Okv_bp]v s]os_paw Vgmt\a bo

^tba, B\p!{I!ltba caQtba -\dh ?6;23#$

ss[mdtep ]dodhp]v B\p{Ilsbd

ss[md \dv BCep]v caQdtev

\hdpw$ B\p{Ilw (baVd.$ B\p{Ilw

ss[md\da v mop]v$ B]v b\pkyv

irkv_da iaYdpChd$ iaa tim

Cjpw bpwmnd Teb^dhp euCgC H{I

l mydhps_, Cp_pwWds, ibql

ds, ]e!bp !` !hps_ \ac!d!tehvt

\hdq$

Mop Caoyw \q`p!c!]!ba\w @`!a!^v$

\ps_ ss[mw ]s bsj ibrbahd B\p

{Ildpma smsCap ss[mba v$

((Js ss[mw ]s bl]zds i]

hd \dv thcp{Cdiv]pmnd \dv Hm

cybps]aw \Cpw.. -ig 2?8;25#$ ((\d{Qmd!p cd!ha \aw tDa[d!p!!

]depw H{I!ld!p!!]depw mj!so!q!_p!]

sDhv]p!]!oa Cnd!hp Bmd!_tv if!

hdepw thcp!{Cd!iv]p!mdepw ]e!bp!`!C!tjajw

Jthvpw bl!]z!bp!a!C!s" Ht..

-JtT ?;8682#$ ((mdcziv] ibrbahd B\p

{I!ld!!s_pw.. -ipfa 8=;86#$ ((izg!h!bah

Ja Hgh mojaepw {Cdiv]pmd \s

B\p{Ildm\pw Camah thcp{Cdiv]p

mds Qd]a!mpbah ss[mw iv]p]d!!s!!m!

\a!C!s.. -JtT 2;?#$ ss[m!ds mD\w

iays_ppp ((Cnd ]ebp`Csjd

Ddd!p!md9 Ca!mds\ H{c!hd!dv

Hoa v fac\ah]v7 Camds fod

Hoa v Qod]y\ah]v7 Bmd_ps mdjd

!tQ!d!dv Hoa^v Bm!I!^d!!s!]v7

-{Qfa 8;26!#$

cpfbah famdhpw {Q]yachpw medh

ss[mgC Q]dCjpw MopdCap\dp

ss[mw -sV` 83;22# \ps_ Hnbah mdcpgCo^d\ptmd Cap\dpp$ ((\d

jps_ mdcpgCo^ba v ss[mw Bfdekdp

]v.. -2 s]i 0;?#$ ((\dsjs cpgC

odpmd$ \asj \djps_ O_hd Camv

Bp!]! {Qmd!pw.. -tVakz ?;5#$

( (Js!a, Xa, \ds ss[m!bah

Camv Bi!ld!kv^p!mah ss[m!ba!^v$

Js sm`pp Qd]aaops_ Cpv


22/36

88 O]a \ds B Vq 862?88 O]a \ds B Vq 862?

Bm!ops_ bsj bqpw \aepw ]e!bp!`!mso Xa

cdd!pw.. -Qp` 86;5# J i]yw B`d!dpw \p!

s_hpw ]ebp`Cjps_hpw md_p]ed\pw mdcpgCo^

d\pw tmd ]gv^bahd {QadpChpw Cq[a

c!C izgC!od!p!Chpw sDp J{]!tQ \d!ep!

v7 ((Ja Js ivt\ldpChpw Js CevQ

\!C Qaed!p!Chpw sDp!!m!toa_v Hhd!o!ba!hd!ow

]ebp`C mso Xa Cop^ Ca^dpw.. -Qp` 86;:#$

((Camds\ iv]p]dpmd9 Camds\ fhs

_p!Chpw Bmd!_ps CevQ!\!C!jd H\!d!p!Chpw

sDpm faIyma$ Bms i]d fqbdhd {QW

ebaCpw9 i]yiops_ ]ebp` B\p{Ilg]baCpw$

Bms fm\w ii!br!!ba!Cpw$ Bms \g]d

Jt!hvpw \de!\dpw.. -ig 228;2?#$ Ou maIv[a!

\!!sjaw @a!hd!ods ss[ms ivt\ld!p!

Chpw Bmd_s CevQ\C B\pi

odpChpw i]yioahd Vgmdp

Chpw sDpm J{]tha Cp`mv"

(({Cdiv]p \s!{Q]d cQd!!

s!!m!\ahdg!p!sCav \dh!b!ds caQ!d \dv \s od

p$ Jsa bod ]qs_p

!m cQds!!m\a v Jv Jnp

]d!hd!od!pp$ B{W!la!bd\p efd

B\p{Ilw thcp{Cdiv]pmnd mdVa]g

hodtepw myaQdt]d\pw Ha

mds maIv[a\w mdczaiw mnd \

{QaQdt]d\pba v O{QCaow iwf

md!!]v.. -Iea ?;2?,20#$ Qd]a!mah

ss[mw thcp{Cdiv]pmdeqs_ \shpw

\ps_ ibqlshpw ]ebp`Csjhpw

B\p{Ilds$ ((ss[mds iCe

maIv[a!\!jpw {Cdiv]p!md Bs]

Jp]s, B]psCap]sha v

ss[mbl]zd\p Bm mnd X

Htb Q`hp]v.. -8 sCa`d 2;86#$

ss[ma\p{Ilw {QaQdpma

Mop {Qt]yC mnd !hpv \

{Cdiv]pmds b\v B`dhpmoaC

^w -2 tCa`d 8;25#$ ((thcp{Cdiv]pmd

\p!a!hd!op Ou bt\a!famw \d!

jdepw @a!C!s.. -Tded 8;5#$ tms`

mad Q`a, \ps_ lr[hmpw

Vgmd]mpw ss[mds lr[hd\v

M]aC^w$ Bta ss[ma\p{Il

ds Mop \[d Jtanpw \jdeqs_

MnpCpw$ \ Jtanpw Qodcpaa

mds \d`mv @!m!oa !hd !od !pw$

Outcah QPd!d {Qa!\!hps_

H[y!fa!Iv \aw Ca^p!p, ((iz!

!\ah X!jps_ Qd]a!tm, B!

hps_ \abw QqVd !] !ba !C !^!tb,


23/36

8?O]a \ds BVq 862? 8?O]a \ds BVq 862?

Bhps_ oaVyw mo^tb$ Bhps_ ld]w

iz!d!se!tase fqbd!hd!ep!ba!C!^!tb..

-ba :;3,26#$ ss[mld]w B`dhpChpw \d`

tm!p!Chpw sDpC J{]!ba{]w {QYa!\!s!!

s]v \bpv b\deaaw$ \ps_ @oma[d]zw ss[mta_v {Qadv, ss[md\p

{Qg]dCobahd Vgmdv B\p{Il izgC

od!p!Chpw, ss[m!ld!]!b!\p!i!odv Bm Te!

{Q![!bahd @Q!tha!Id!pChpw sDpC J!

]a^v$

ss[m!ds B\p!{Ilw {QaQd!p!

ma Dde!ta mdcza!i!tas_ ss[m!d!

\ptmd \aw Cadodt]ahd mopw$ B]vQog^dshpw il\dshpw Mop

dshpw \ajpCjahdodaw$ Bmds_ \aw

mdVhda ss[mds B\p{Ilw \bpv

B]ds Qq]hd B\pfmdpma iaYd

pw$ Cao^w ss[mds medh cdhpw,

\ps_ Nmpw Jjdh Bm!hpw, Mpw

sDa Qa Bmhpw ]d Cqdbp

pw$ Bmds_ ss[mld]d\v \aw caoahd

izhw ibdpta ss[mw medh bl

]ztas_ \ps_ Vgmd]d smjds_pw$

Qds \ Qa_pw, ((B]d!\a \dta_v

Mu[aoyw Ca^da Camv Cadodp

p$ \dta_v Caop^yw {Q[cdda Bmd

_pv ]ss @hpp, Jsa,

Camv \g]dhps_ ss[mba v$ Bmd_pt

p!tmd Cad!od!p!!m faIy!ma!a..-Nc ?6;2=#$

((Bmsohpw Js behvp Dppbp

esjhpw Xa B\p{Ildpw$ Xa

hSa ibhw bn sQdpw$ B]v B\p{Il

mkbahdodpw$ mhedse mr Tew

\Cpw$ fqbd mdj!mp!]!opw$ Bm ]!jps_

t[cv ipod]oahdodpw$ Xa Bmops_

\pCw ]Cp!Chpw B_d!b!s!_p!d!h!m!ops_Co!!jd \dpw Bmso tbaDd!d!p!Chpw

sDpta Xa\a v Camv Jv Bm

B`d!hpw.. -Jsi ?5;8:,8>#$

ivQdodv O Vgiv Cqahvbhps_ Ou

B\p{Il mkd ss[mw \s Jam

sohpw ibr!!bahd B\p!{I!ld!p!ma ]!

og]dhd \bpv \ss mdcpgCodp

Chpw MoppChpw sDaw$ Nmpw Qodcp

hah C\yCab`dhw B]d\ahd \s ila

hd!s$ Ht$

((ss[mtb, sD`pw bp] Js Bv Qodcgeddp9 Xa\dtanpw Bhps_ Bp]{Qmd

C {QtLakdpp.. -ig >2;2>#

ss[m\abd\p bl]zbpaCs$ Js tQov H^d Qd$_d$ Xa Mop UhWdCv tQkya v$ Js CdUv\dpw UhWdCv WaYddpv$ B]d\a Js Cabp

d \gopw c!bah tm[!\hpw @ahd$ Xa bod!h Cq_a!o!d!tev {Qa\a

ilahw BtQdp mdjddopp$ Bmds_ \dpw \dtcd]\piodv Xa ba]a

mdt\a_v VQbae sDad {Qadp$ B]d\ptckw Js Caedse \gov Cp`p]p_

d$ J\dv ss[mw \Cdh Cop^hvahd Xa O]a \ds B baidChdeqs_

\dhpw iv]p]dhpw Bdpp$ thcptm \d, thcptm HoaY\$

H^d Qd$_d, oahvQq, DgivI$

iayw


24/36

80 O]a \ds B Vq 862?80 O]a \ds B Vq 862?

md$ tWa\dTiv OwIvjd sUtmak!h! d :=6 V\d!p$ md{TdUpJa!hd!opp a\!iv\a\ \abw$ Qod!cp!!oah i\ya!id!C!jp!ba!hp O_!Q!nwmd{TdUds\ H mndp ]dodp$ bp]abs mhd Qptoald]\ah md{TdUvH[yw Tgivedepw Qdg_p sV\dhdepw ipmdtck{QDao^dtesp$ Wtmod!ha!hd mjso ba\!ia!!o!!jp!a!hd$ Tgip!ed Q]d!bq!p!mkw Hp!Wd!kp mdcp mds{Wads\ ilahdp$ Btlds QdIabdhahd ]dos_p!s!t!p!sbp fhp Ta[ md{TdUp sV!\d!hd!tep b_d$ Ba!epbaaa Ta[ md{TUds\ t`abhdtep mdjdp$

md{TdUds mdVhd ipkv_\ah baQaa >8? Btls sb{]a

\ahd BfdtkDdpChpw tQop tWa\dTiv Jp bapChpw sDhv]p$ Wdkp slshdtep ]dodpmp$ Vqd`d\p {Q]dkvPddop Mop Map]_d smdsajdv Hbow!sCav Mop Qd Q^d!hd!p$ Ow!d \dv Cps` ssm[d!C!so!qs_ mopdtWa\dTip ]s {Qm\w cds_pd$ {IdI`d [zd]gh, {IdI`d ]r]gh,i`d J bqpbaabaops_ Cgnd tVaedsDhv]p$ Jamopw Btls mdcps\taseha v Cop]dhdop]v$ {Taidepw V\dhdepw Btlw baQaahps_ {Q]d\dYdhahdopp$ {Qiv]p] a\d \dv Mndmaa Htlw Hmcyssdepw baaba i]dd$ >0> Btls sbhdiv HpWdkad$

Ow!d \dpw Cps` ssm[d!C!so!qs_ mopd bdk {Qm!\!Btlw ]zod]s_pd$ B\ow ]gv^]hp Cps` CqpCatoa_pCq_d CdnTgip!eds @!o!fa!I!!jd!tep ipmd!tc!kw {Qiw!Id!a tQaCp!C!hpw Bt\!Cso Bmds_ ba\iaos_ppChpw sDhv]p$ sQpiv]hps_ ]te[dmiw a\iv\a\w izgCodmv ssoyteQ\w \Ca Mop Cq_aod Btlw Cadodpta BmdczaidC HhpYYaodCjahd tWa\dTidt\hpw Cqtohpw mYda mp$ tWa\d!T!ids fr]y!a Bmso J]da mw!Cq!d!sh!depw bo!^s {Qibahd Cadoda Btlw Bmso @[vtWaYddpCha^p sDhv]]v$ Bm tWa\dTipw JtmaW J Wdkpw bqp ssm[dCopw bqp Ugaopw \aep i\yaidCjpw @ss_ 58 tQso mYdp >55 Vq 5aw ]gh]d Hhdopp Ou oiad]zw$

md$ tWa\dTip V\dhps_ Bivt]ae\ahda v B`dhs_p]v$ BtlwCaW`d HpWdkp CpsWd\v Jnp]dh mapC ivbo^ghba v$ ((ChvQpwCkv_]hpw \d` Ou [dmijd Camd\ptmd \bpv ibow sDaw$ ss[mw]dopb\aCpsd \ps_ Qd]aaops_ Qodcp \dhbsj{Q]d Bmtoa_pCqs_ \d]yiufaIydsedtoa \bpv bodaw$ \aw Cpohvp \ahvjaCop]v, @`p CamaoaCop]v9 sDahv mopta Qeah\w sDp CqedaoaCop]v9 {Q]yp] iqbp, @alcgebp, iopw [od{[opbah Jaoatoa_pw Ja {Qah!a!toa_pw a\pw Ba!\pw {Qiw!Id!p O_!h!a!oa!C^w..$

B\p[d\mdcp

md$ tWa^dTiv-:=6 >55#


25/36

85O]a \ds BVq 862? 85O]a \ds BVq 862?

O]d\p Qp`sb Ja Cq_a!o!!jd!sehpw tTa \!`p!C!jd mdjdpw

{Qa\a ilahw Hm!cy!s!_a!mp!!]a! v$

Qp]dh Cq_aompw

Qp]dh cp{cq!k!Cjpw

VqWded mkw {Qba^dv ss[mw \bpp \Cdh medh B\p{Ilba^v ]rcq _u^ds bYyfaIv ivQdodv O Vgids Qp]dh Cq_aow{Qm\w Howfdp J]v$ izbah sCd_w \bpda]psCav ma_CsCd_dea v mkjahd \ps_ {Qm\ \_p]v$ Qp]dh Cq_aod\v baiwt]a`pw B]d\ahdow oqQha^p ma_C$ iuCoy{Q[bah MopQp]dh Cq_aow ]]d\v \m\ah ss[md\v \d Q`hpp$ Ota QCibhw ba{]w \_p {Qa\ oa{]dhdepw Cq_d ]p_oa H{IldpCha v$

OopQd\aepb^dq`pw {Qa\ @hop Mop Cq_aobahd ]rcq bodhCq_aow @hos Jv {Qadpp$ Bt]as_aw HjpCv mydQobahd CusiedwIv, {Qa\ ]p_dhm \_a\p iuCoyjpw {CbgCoddpv$

teaCds mdmdY faIjd \dpw oa{]dhpw QCepw my]yaibdas] {Qa\ailahw t]_dmop tTatCajpCv b`pQ_dsCa_paO]pmsohpw Cnddopd$ O]d\p Qodlaobahd tTa^deqs_ {QadpMop bd\div{_dp]s X oqQw sCa_pdodpCha^v$ Owgkv, behajw, ldd, ]bdnv fakCjd Ou {Qa\aiuCoyw efyba v$ ]asn Q`hp

Ns]depw \`pCjd mdjdv {Qa\ailah Hmcys_amp]a v$

behajw ; 300>0=25=?, 303:2::23?, 300:=6088>, 6>860>08688

Owgkv, behajw, ldd ; 633:3?3=2>6, 300>=?8>80, 633862?2?52

]bdnv, behajw ; 630005=>66?, 6=28882?35>

t_aw iK`dh$

Qp]dh tb mdeaiw ;

ivQdodv O Vgiv, bodhCq_aow, WdUdwIv \C] ' 0?2bt\aob VwIvk, ]rcq :=6 662, tCoj$ tTa ; 60=> ?86=:?6


26/36

8: O]a \ds B Vq 862?8: O]a \ds B Vq 862?

Mop Thed\pdea v tàWv ]s idTdpCsjas iqdp smd

odp]v$ O_hvsas Btlw H Th ]p`v t\apw$ H Th \d`pw]a t\_dh bqp ba Ud{IdCjps_hpw, Ud{Idhps_hpw, Udtabhps_hpw tVaed

hd efd B\ptba[\jps_hpw idTdpCjahdopp$ QPd tCatjVdseaw

tàWv Mab\ahdopp$ Tv atias_ha v Matoa Ud{Idhpw Qaiah]v$ B]p

sCap]s Th ]p`v B]ds Matoa ]ajpC b`dptanpw Btlds

@d medh Bfd!ba!\!ba!^v$ ba{]b, Cnd!!Ca!e !B!\p!f!m!!jd!eq!s_!hp Mop

C_ptQaC Cq_dhaCpw Oow Bmio$

Os]as!ha!s !depw Th!edse Bm!ia!\s tTaU!`d iqd!d!od!

p idTdv tàWv Modepw ]p`pt\aa`d$ Qaw adse id

thcpmd Mto HamvtVakd Qaod


27/36

8>O]a \ds BVq 862? 8>O]a \ds BVq 862?

tbta!hvb!hp!s_hpw B_d!b!!dshpw,

itakdshpw [pxKdshpw, Bla

idshpw Cp\godshpw Bm \bpd_hd \abahdodp ibqld \s

fod!p!sCa!d!od!p!p$ ((Y\d!Copw [od!{[opw

Mop Caoy!d ]pey!oa!^v9 Oop!Cq!!sohpw

irkv_d]v Cama v.. -ipfa 88;8#$ Ja

mopw Mop ss[m!ds b!ja!hd!op!dpw

JpsCa!a v Ou tm]d!od!mds bt\a!

famw b\pkys\ fodpsCadodp]v7 Mop

m hSad ss[ms B`ddd

J]psCaa v Bm\d Ou bt\afamwoqQsb_pp]v$

ss[mw ]s bsj MtotQase ]pey

oa!ha^v Ca^p!!]v$ Mod!epw tm]d!odv

Ca^p!d$ QaQd!th!a BYd!C!bahd

ss[mw \g]dbas\ ivt\ldppta7 BY

b!t\!a BYd!C!bahd @!b!t\a_v Cop^

Ca^d!p!pta7 Mod!!ep!bd " ((Js

itla![ !oto, bl!]z !Qq\pw \ps_

Tda^]v$ Vhda Hmcybah Nmpw

Cp` bav madha v tàWv Qaw

aiv Qaiah]v$ B]psCap]s H id

Tdv ]p`p t\apd Jpba{]b, bp

Tv av idTdpCjps_ Cqd O]v

mhvp]v tQaepw Mop Cp`maha v tàWv

Cop!]p!!]v$ ]dopQd_d Vgm!d]!d Mop

[dmiw Cp`pibhw Cdd!hta tàWv

]s Th J_pv Matoa idTdpCjpw

Bfd !ba !\ !tas_ t\ada^p!C!ha^v$

QpQ]d!\v id!Td!!p!C t\adnd!

!ta Bm!ia!\ !t!]ahd Qaw

adse id!Td!!s!d$ Q]d!mp!tQase

B]d ivQcd !p !C !tQaepw sDas]tàWv Th B_!p !sm!p$ sQv

tàWds b\deqs_ Mop Dd C_ptQa

hd$ Qawad Mpw QPda]dop ]a

t]apsbv @àhdopdpw Ckv_dv Vhd

d!a!hd!op!s!d Ou @]Wdop![!jpw

tVaedhpw ibqld ba\ya\jpsbaw

]\dv izbaCpbahdopta7 t]apsb

@ !d mvtkav tVaed!ta, ss{UmdwIv

tVaedta tQaCa!\d!op!!]t ]a7 ]a]dj H idTdt ]s Vgmd

]!d\v B!bp!a!d!h]pw mnd!d!od!ma!

h]pw7 tàWv mgpw H Th ]p`p$

O!m^ @] Wdop![!!sjapw Bt!l!

ds Cd sQd$ Theds Bmia\

d mk!!jahd ivQc!\!tbas]

bpkdv @tQds \dehdepahdop

Qaw!a!idse H id!Td!v Js!d!

a ivt\ltas_, J{]hpw H[otmas_]s ssCCjd J_ppta tàWds

CpC \d`v MnpCppahdopp$

Os]aop CSh, haSayba v$ Qe

tanpw b\pky b\pkys\ t\ada^p]v

Ou tm]dodtmas_ha v$ Tv aipCao\pw

t]Uv aipCao\pw, tUaCv_`pw Cqed^d

ao\pw, Qâo\pw Qamsm\pw, smjp

m\pw C`pm\pw, ipo\pw mdoqQ\pw$ Ou


28/36

8= O]a \ds B Vq 862?8= O]a \ds B Vq 862?

Ca!mp!bah thcp!{Cd!iv]p!md mdcz!id!p \d QQa]w Ca^dop]v$ \d

jps_ iwLdtev iztba]dob^dp

tba_dhp miv{]w Yod Mopm\pw bpkd

miv{]w Yod Mop [od{[\pw {Qtmcdpp

sm!d!od!!s$ \d tba_d!hahd miv{]w

Yod!!ms\ t\ad, Omds_ ipK!bahd Ood!

pC Jp Q`!hp!p$ Qam!s!!m!t\a_p

Bmds_ \dpC Jta Js Qa[QgPd

\_pv OodpC Jta Q`hpp$ Bta\d \d!jds mdtm!D\w Ca^d!

pChpw [pkv_mdDao Qpep mdYd

Ca!!ja!mp!Chpw Bt sDp!]v7..

-hata 8;20#$ ipmd!tc!k!d! Yq!Qp!

{]s @Qbhd Yq\ahdopdpw bCs\

Ha!bahd ivt\!ld!p B!\d

ss[mds bt\afammpw Ja Yq

\ah itla![!os\ bad!\dp tVykvP!

\d b\pkys bt\afammpba v \aw Ca^pC$ \aba !hd !od !p ibqldepw Ou

bad\d iwf!md!p!p!v$ sCae!Qa!]!

Cdhpw myfdDaodhpw C\psbaw bad\d

s_pdt 7 Bmpah ialDoyi

jpw ]d!hps_ izaYg!\!jpw @a!ha

Ns]aopm\pw MopQs Ou QaQd mgnd

spta 7 Jd Bmtoa BYdCtb

hahd \bpv Jpv7 Qd_ds_a QaQd

Cjpw CpmajdCjpbt Qetanpw \aw 7 QaQd\d!hah iv{]gsh Cs!`d ibq!l!d,

ba\y!sopw @!]!sopw Yod!d!op!!m!toa_v

B]psCat thcp Q`!]v, \d!jd

QaQbdam Bmsj Cs`dhs Jv$ Mop

mtQaepw Bmsj Cs`dd$ bpmod

tev ba{]w t\ad!sa!d!o!dp!!m O_!

h vsas ]d !tep]s ]dodp

t\a^w$ thcp tDa[dpp; ((\g itla[


29/36

83O]a \ds BVq 862? 83O]a \ds BVq 862?

os Cdse Co_p Ca^p!Chpw \ds

Cdse ]_dk^w {cda]dodpChpw

sDps]psCav7.. -ba >;?#$ Dpa

o!shpw Tod!ti!h!shpw @Q!b!hd QaQd!

hah Dpaos {Qa\hvv HCaw

thas_ sDmdsCa_pp Mop ss[msht

\aw Ca^p]v$ ((Qt{]aiv Bmtoa_p iwia

odp]p_d; i]y!bahpw ss[m!d\p Q!

Qa!]!bd!spw Bmd!_ps fh!s!_p!Chpw

\g]d{QmdpChpw sDp Hopw, N]p

V\!]!hds!m!\a!haepw, Bmd!_p!tp

izgCaoy\as^pw Xa i]ybahd B`dhp

p.. -B 26;?0?5#$

QaQdsh bad\dp ss[msh\aw Ca^p!!]v$ ss[m!d\v Mop QaQd!tha!

_p ivt\ls Mop Ch`psCav Wd

dp CS tCdpv$ QaQw sDpta

H Ch sQapChpw Ja ss[mw Bm

t\a_p ]s ivt\lwbqew sQadh Ch

CqdspChpw sDpp$ Bta Ch`ds

\gjw Cp`hpChpw ss[mw H QaQdtha_v Cq_p

] B_ppChpw sDpp$ mgpw QaQw

sDp!ta H Ch mgpw sQap!Chpwss[mw Bmt\a_p ivt\ls{Q]d Ch

CqdspChpw sDpp$ Ch`d\v bpQpa

hdop]dt\a \gjw Cp`hpChpw Bs\

ss[md\v H QaQdhdtep [qow Cp`hp

Chpw sDp!p$ ss[m!ds a\v

Omds_ b\p!kyso i!evQdv t\ap!C$

sQadh Ch Cqd!s!p!ma J{]!tQv

iaYdpw$ QCow Bms\ Ms_ppChpw

bad\dpChpw Bt sDpC$

QQa]mpw tm]dodmpsbaw Ja

Caejdepw @ahdpv$ thcpmds Cae

v hlq[av bp mdfaIatoa_v @ahd

op Oow bt\afams thcp Cps_p

p]v ipmdtc!k!d \aw Ca^ppv$

((i]y!bahd Xa \d!tja_p Q`!hpp;

Nedha{Qma!D!Cs Caev O{ia!th!ed

Bt\Cw mdYmC @ahdopp$ Bv bqp

mkmpw H`p baimpw HCacw B_hvs

_pChpw fqbdhdsepw oqbah abw @a

mpChpw sDhv]p$ Ja, igt[a\d is`

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baops_ B_ptepw Nedha Bhhvs

d$ Negca{QmaDCs Caev O{iath

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ops_ Ou bt\afamd\v Cao^w$ thcpmds

cdky!a!od tQaepw Ou bt\afamw @a!

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((Bsh B`dhpmvBhps_ Caop^ympw \dkvCj lr[hvBhps_ ohpw ]p_p

\C^tb".. -ig ?:;26#

Js tQov iwIg]$ Cnd HnvD Js ov mhp bCjps_ Caed Qao

mg v Hn!dep bp`dmpahd$ tlaivQd!ed sD!ta dv O_ !sbv Hmcy!

sp$ Ja Bm i]da]d\a dv Od$ Xa Bv oa{]dhd bodh

Cq_aodtev mdjdv {Qa\ailahw Hmcysp$ ? [dmid\v tckw sCv Bnd

!ta H bp`dmv @^!d!]p!_!d$ Js bCp!tmd {Qad Nmpw \d$

Bt ba]atm, Bhps_ Bjm ivt\ld\v \d$

iwIg] mgiv, sQahvad, tCa]bwIew$

iayw


30/36

?6 O]a \ds B Vq 862??6 O]a \ds B Vq 862?

tev m Ca\aCaod iv{]gsh ilahd

as] ]dod!!hh!va cdky!a Hm!cy!

s_p]v$ -ba 25;8?#$ ((hlq[\pw {IgpCa

o\pw ]d my]ya!i!bd!$ Mop!m ]s!ha v Jamops_hpw Camv$ ]s mdjd

tQdp Jamops_hpwtb Bmd_pp

]s ip mkd!pp.. -t`ab 26;28#$

ss[mds izbas^pw {Cdiv]ya\dha

s^pw Bfdba\dpChpw Bt]ibhw Q

Qa]bt\afamw smpQpepChpw sDp

mp thcp!mds Mop bp!`d!hdp Cq_d!

ha!^d!]v$

{Cdiv]p bod]v Jampw tmdha v$ Jamopw ss[mds Cp_pwWdse

]pey BwIja v$ Ou bt\afamtas_ bp

!mso Ca^p!ta Bmds_ B]dmo!p!

C @a!mp!C!hd!$ bpQdepw QdQdepw

O_]pw me]pbpms\ MoptQase Ca^pma

Bta \bpv iaYd!pw$ ((hlq![!s\!ta

{Igp!Ca!o!s\!ta B_d!b!sh!ta iz]!{!

s\ta Qpopks\ta iv{]g shta my]ya

i!bd!9 \d!sj!a!mopw thcp!{Cd!iv]p!md

Ma v.. -Iea ?; 8=#$ medhms\ta sD`d

h!ms\ta Q!Qa]w \bp!d!_!hd @a!

Cop]v$ B]v \s izaopw BlaodCjp

bad ss[m!d \d!C!p!Chpw sDpw$

\d oqQs_p Oow izfamssmCr] Qetanpw \aw ]dod`dhas] tQaCp

p$ thcp Q`hpp ((Ja, \d WvWd

Jp mdjds_op]v$ Jsa \dv

Mop Ipoptmhpq$ \dsjaw itla[oa

oa! v.. -ba 8?;=#$

fu]dCVgmd]d ba{]b, Hgh

Vgmd]depw Oow bt\afam BQC

_!C!o!ba!mp!p!v$ {Cdiv]p bodv @a\wsDhv]v 8666mk! Cnd!dpw i!od!

tepw ipmd!tckw Jd!p!ma iaYd!d!

sd B]d\p Cao^w isohpw thcp

md!eqs_ Mop!tQase t\ad!Ca!^p!ma\pw

ivt\ld!p!ma\pw Matoa {Cdiv]ya!\dpw

iaYda]psCaa v$ ss[moaVy cp{cq

khd Mopm bsaopm\d\dpw my]yiv]

\amop]v$ medhm\pw sD`dhm\psb tm]d

odmv @amop]v$ thcpmaCp cogodse

Bm!h!m!!jahd Cq !a !hvb !thas_ \

cp{cqk sD^w$ ((\!sj!a!mopw Mto

Hamd NCcogobaCa a\iv\a\

tbp$ hlq[sota {IgpCasota, B_db

Csjta iz]{sota tf[w Cq_as] Mto

Ha!mds\ Qa\w sDa Jampw

iaYdp$ Mop Bmhmb, Qe]ptD]a v

cog!ow$ Xa ssC Ba!!]d!\a cog!o!ds faIb Jp Ca Q`a B]p

cog!o!ds faI!b!svmoptba7.. -2 tCa`d

28;2?25#$

ss[mw Jamtohpw mdeb]dpp$

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Cpw tmd Wedhd]v$ Jd \aw

QoivQow J{]ba{]w ivt\ldtdhdodp

p$ Mopms @hhd \doac t]apChpw


31/36

?2O]a \ds BVq 862? ?2O]a \ds BVq 862?

]Chd itakw t]apChpw sDp

!m Js\ thcp!mds cog!o!dse

\ BmhmbaCpw7 ((Mop Bmhmw tm[\

h!\p!f!md!p!ta Ja Bm!h!m!jpw

tm[\h\pfmdpp$ Mop Bmhmw {Qcw

id!s_pta Ja Bm!h!m!jpwita!kd!p!p$.. -2 tCa`d 28;8:#$

QaQd!shhpw \g]d!ba!s\hpw, Dp!

aos\hpw Todtihs\hpw, hlq[s\hpw

mdVa!]g !h!s\hpw, Jd!t\s`, ]s

{Cqcdmsotaepw MoptQase ivt\ld

thcp\aSs bt\afamw \d oqQs_

s$ tQod ba{]w {Cdiv]ya!\d!ha!mas]

hSa!d {Cdiv]p!mds\ mld!p!!

moahd Mtoaopopw ba`s$ B]d\v Qodcpaamv \s cds_ps$ Ja

msohpw MoptQase ivt\ldpma thcp

mds\ QPdd Qodcp ba]atm, bpm

ops_ tbtha, Cp`tma t\aas] Ja

m!sohpw Mop!tQase ivt\ld!p!ma

Xsj Qodcgedd^sb$ Htb$

^btom Gur Zc`eg Vrgnrbaaes

bt

_ebrom$$$$

_VCXCP CD KE_U_

gr

ACXBOLE_ CD XG_BXS

((\djps_ ss[mbah Camd\p t\C t\op

Chpw Bm \d`tmpChpw sDpmd9 Dppbp

m fg]d[\ah Bmd_ptp CanvDC sCapmos.. -ig >:;22#

Js tQov \dmy Cpoya!taiv$

Xa tCandta_v Vdhd ]abidpp$

Xa O]a \ds B baidC dobahd

mahd!p!p!v$ baid!C!hd {Qid!!s!_p!

p!ma H{I!ld!p!{Qad!!]ds Te!

bahd J\dv )8 md\v \ mdVhw ]v

Camv Js B\p{Ildp$ Js mdV

hdd Camd\v Moahdow \d$

\dmy Cpoyataiv, sDt\a_,

sQopmabqnd, tCandta_v$

iayw


32/36

?8 O]a \ds B Vq 862?

DdLs

?8 O]a \ds B Vq 862??8 O]a \ds B Vq 862?

baw mopa Qp]dh foâYdQa ;

mda idd ; mdas fo^Caoy

Caoybbaa baa teaCds

Qe!fa!I!!jd \dp!bahd Jp Cd!\a!j!

aso \dhbdp$ mda Ja Ctaed

ops_hpw mdczai @`md_bah]d\a Ja

teaC oaVyjd \dpbpmops_ {QaYd

\dYyw tm !sbv baQahvv \dW!bp

]d\aea v Oosbaop \dhb\w$ Qp]dh

foâYdQaops_ Qa\ed Mop mda

{Q]d\dYdba{]tbhpq$ t\av, si{_,

iuv, iuv Btbod, Nky, hqtàv,

Maivt{_!edh ]p_!dh oaVy!!jd \dp!

ba^v Wad!hp Cd!\aba!ops_ {Qa]d!

\dYyw$ 85 mkw bpv oqQgCod foâYdQ

t{c!^d!hd baw mop!d!h!]d QeopwB]rQv]d {QC_dddopp$ Qp]dh baQa

ead Btbodhd \das^v B`d

]pbp] Ja oaVyjd \dpw tàbdse

fo !d {QaYd\dYyw tm !sb Hmcy!

ba v Ota \d`tmsdodp]v$ 0 mk

tahdodpw Ou Qp]dh Cdd$ md

a!\dse fo!^!d!ep!ah {Qcv\!jpw

mda\dse Mut[yaIdC toKC tDap

]p_dhmshaw Qp]dh bad\v mnds]

jd L_Cjas^v mda mr

Q`hpp$ Ctaeda ifhps_ BYdQ\ah

baQash fo^Caoyjd ilahdpC

J Dpb]e ba{]bahdodpw Omv @a

hdodpC$ \hQobah Caoysjapw baQa

!hps_ B\p!ma![!bd!as] ]gop!ba!\d!a

Qp]dh iaoSdCv Cndhd$ baQahps_

iadYydseamopw Mdp\dv ]gopba

\sb_ppChpw Bm{QaWeyd moppC

hpbahdodpw Omops_ Dpb]e$

Vgmda Cndham {QiwIdop]v ;

mda idd ; ifamajd Qeopw

{QiwIdp] Vgmdps]v baQa$

tQ Wid!ed!!hdse Cpa!\!hvd!_!

hvp {QiwId iqDddp$ Qt{]aipw

bp cdky!aopw ssYoy!ta!s_!ha!hd!opp

ipmdtckw {QiwIddop!]v$ Ov ial!D

oy!d!\!\p!i!odv {Qiw!Id!p!Chpw ipmd!tckw mjsa_dpChpw sDp {QfakC

a \bp!d!_!hd!ep!sv baQa Q !p$

Ooaso ifhvv Hmcybd$

{Cdiv]p ipmd!tc!k!d Q !p!m!

hva]ah Jp myaKya\mpw ifhvv

BwIgCoda Cndhd$ Q`ha Jjpba v$

Qt Vgmda\a v {Qhaiw$ mD\d

Vgmda Cndham {QiwIdp]v @Dd]!b!$ \ps_ {Qiw!I! sm`pw map!C!

jahd ba`p]psCaa v Bm Hopw BwIg

C!od!a!!]v$ Vgmd!]!d Bm Os!d

\aw Q !hp!m Hopw BwIg!C!od!d!s!pw

b\!d!ea!!^w$

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sm\ptmd badm mdcp {Taigiv

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izgCod]v$ mdczaiw \aw V\dta @op

mah]a v$ Bm {QtLak^deqs_ha v

[rZs_pC$ Qptoald]ops_tha i\yop

s_tha ba{]w @!o!ma![d!]z!b ipmd!tck

{QtLak^w, Jamops_hpw @oma[d]z

ba!^v$ {Cdiv]p Vgmd!]!d Oa!!m\pw

{Cdiv]p!md!s\!d iwia!od!a Cndhpw,


33/36

??O]a \ds BVq 862? ??O]a \ds BVq 862? ??O]a \ds BVq 862?

sm`pw map!CsCav Hpw iwia!od!

pma Cndhpw$ Qt Bmhvsapw ba\

ia!!o!bp!a!a Cnd!hd!sv \aw b\!d!

ea^w$ ss[ms HoaYdpC Ja\ps_ Hm!cy! tDa[d!p!C!h!, b`dv

Bmd_ps iadyw \bps_ Vgmd]d

Matoa \dbdkmpw B\pfmd`dhpC J]a

v$ ss[ms ivt\ld!pp Jv sm`pw!

mapsCav bpmso Ca^dpma Q`

a tQao$ {Cdiv]p \ps_ Vgmd]ds

faI!bahd ba !^w$ \bpv Okv_bp myd

tha_v \bpv B_pw t]ap]ptQase \bptmpw B_pbp myd {Cdiv]pmahdod

^w$ Qdoddoda Qa mdYdep

Wbpahdod^sbpw baa Mad

dp$

ifshaop J$Vd$M$ B9 baQahps_]ag]v

tàw ; if Mop fo^Caoyaehb$ foâYd

Qa HXvVaQdv Caoy sDdt

empb$ if ivt\lds Cqahvbha

^v$ Wyqtà{Cap!C!sj!tase MaTg!ip!C

\ddpChpw foda ]p_pChpw sDp

ta if J$Vd$M$ tQasehaCpw$ si v

ba Daed Odyqv MaTv degVdhiv

mtnvid\ptmd Bd [dmyWedbty

\Cdh {Qfak^dea v Btlw Os\

Q`]v$ if J \dehd MaTgipCjpw

Caoy!\d!l^ iwmd!Ya!\!jpw tms!!

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ivt\ltas_has] sDp {Qm\

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sDptQase!ha!hd!tQa!Cp!sbv Qaa Q`!

p$ ifsh]v \aw Ca^p iwmdYa\w

ba{]b$ O]depQod mdczaid @udh

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ifhs_ HYaow$ b\pkycdsCata BYd

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ss[mgCbah O_sQ_ea v Ou medh

oliyds Qddep]v$ O]v \aw b\d

ea!!^w Qaa Mad!d!p$ if!sh!ta

BYdCaod\pw id\pw Qdase Qahp

ptma Bt]as_ if Mop {Qa\bahd ba`pw$

ifhvptmd sDp Caoy \d`

b\!ta!s_!ha^p sDt!]v$ ssi\y!W!

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if Mop fo^ iwmdYa\bahd Cop]op]v$ if

Bha v, ivt\lw sCa_pp ba]r]zw,

Bas] Q^dsh_pdp bat\Vo, if$

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]d B!bd Jp!Cq_d Cqd!ta vbaQa {Qfak^w Bmia\dd]v$

bdC Im$ JhvUUv tCatjVpCvizhwfoâmCacw \Cpw

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tCatjVpCv izhwfoâmCacw \Ca

b{difathaIw ]gopba\dp$ Ja iC

ea!ca!e!C!jd!sehpw B\!Yya!QC \dh!b\wQdJividhvp md_a\pw ]gop!ba!\d!p$ O]d!

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efd!p tCatj!Vp!Csj s]o!s!_p!a

izhw fo^ BwIgCao ibd]d oqQgCodpw$

iza{chtCatjVpCv izhwfoâmCacw


34/36

?0 O]a \ds B Vq 862??0 O]a \ds B Vq 862?

\Cd$ {QT$ J$H$ baYm tbt\a BYy

!\ah ibd!]dhpw hpVd!idhpw \dt[!cd

ba\[ vU {QCaobahdodpw tCatjVpCv

izhw foâmCacw \Cp]v$ O]d\ahdH_viv HUv ihiv tCatj!Vp!C!jd

\dpw JVd\gh`dwIv tCatjVpCjd \dpw

BtQ ^dahdodpw s]os!_pp

C$ O]v Ou BYyh\ mkw ]s \_dea

pw$ O]d!\ahd Ou mks WV!d 25

tCa_doqQ mChdopdhdpv$

tCatjVpCv izhw foâmCacw

\Cp!!]d!\p ba\![!^vU!d\p 866>hpVdid oqQw \Cd!h!]a! v$ 23 iwa!\!

jdse >3 iCeacaeCjps_ Cgndse 086

tCatj!Vp!Cv O]d!\Cw izhw fo^w

\Cd$ tCojdse Mop tCatjVpw O]d

@s!d!d!$ @] iat!]dC md[y!fyai

owIp bdCmpQpea O]pbqew iwa

\d\p Cndhpd$ Ou ialDoydea^p

bdCmpQpep tCatjVpCv izhw fo

âmCacw \Ca ]gopba\ds]p bpKybp{d Q`p$

Oyhd 282 tCa_d V\w9 iao] >?%

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$ Cr]ybahd Qà 282,6>,8:,3?8 tQ$

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b{d ipcgCp!ba kdsU!ha v 8622 se

siiids Bdb C^pC Qp`pmd]v$ iao] >? c]ba\bahd @hp$

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bqd opw {Iabgôa v$ {Iabjdep]v

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tQopba v$ \IomaidCjps_ Jw 2352 2>$?

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]dop!m!\!!Qpow ; ssCm!c!ap Q]dp

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\aev N Hd mYddp fqQodkvCo^

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ba!\d!p$ 23>> V\p!mod Md\p bpQp fqbd

ssCmcw mdodpma^p \aev Nmso Qhw \CpC$ 23:0se fqbd Q]dmp D

{QCaow ssCmcap Q]dp \Ca

mp Crkdfqbdhps_ QodYd Mop N Hhd

opp$ 23:0se tCoj fqbd Q]dmp Djd

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QodQa_dhdepw B\mYd Qoa]dC efddop

p$ B]ds B_d!a!\!d!ea^p Qp]dh

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WaY!C!ba!hd!od!pw$ ssCm!c!bp fqbd Q!h!

ap ssCbaw sDa!\p BYd!Caow

\Ca\pw ]gopba\ddpv$


35/36

?5O]a \ds BVq 862?

ivQdodv O Vgiv {QidgCo^

mahd!p!C$$${QD!od!d!p!C$$$ mod!a!oa!mp!C$$$

Ot]a @ ]ahv-]bd!nv#

tlajd Cyq-Owgkv #

ivQdodv O Vgiv, bodhCq_aow, WdUdwIv \C] ' 0?2,bt\aob VwIvk, ]rcq :=6 662, tCoj, tTa ; 60=> ?86=:?6

E!abcl; spcrctcdkesusFnabcl$oga ^eh; www$spcrctcdkesus$grn

tCad!Cv ;

bd` !div O t`ai`ds_ed!md !k t{Qa{Ia!bp !C

_UXSB PZ + ]djanvDCjd oamdse :$?6 bp] >$66 mso

KBCMCD@ PZ + c\dhanvDCjd oamdse :$?6 bp] >$66 mso

IEXBLB ZC_CGD + [dmimpw oamdse >$66 bp] >$?6 mso

AE@CB DEP B_d!baed + [dmimpw oamdse >$66 bp] >$?6 mso

_UD ZC_CGD bqa + [dmimpw ssmCdv >$?6 bp] =$66 mso

ABXBSUX PZ b! !hq + [dmimpw ssmCdv >$?6 bp] =$66 mso

Z$H$O s]a_p!Qpn + [dmimpw oamdse >$66 bp] >$?6 mso

^CDDEX _BP OBHLECp`pw]` + [dmimpw ssmCdv 3$66 bp] 3$?6 mso

BCX ZC_CGD basmw + [dmimpw ssmCdv =$?6 bp] 3$66 mso

D$A$P$Z \geIdod + smd,c\d,Xah ssmCdv :$66 :$?6 mso


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((i]yw i]ybahd Xa \dtja_v Q`hpp, tIa]pb^d \depmg v Bndhpdsd B]v

Bt]Q_dhdodpw$ Bndhpsdtea B]p mjso Tew Qp`s_pmdpw..

-thal 28;80#

itha ninte amma - june 2013

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