Italian Renaissance ArtItalian Renaissance Art

The Italian RenaissanceThe Italian Renaissance

The Renaissance began in Italy for two The Renaissance began in Italy for two main reasons:main reasons:1.1. Its location in the middle of the Its location in the middle of the

Mediterranean Mediterranean Sea made it the main point of commerce Sea made it the main point of commerce

between Europe and the Middle East between Europe and the Middle East following the Crusadesfollowing the Crusades2. The presence of a number of wealthy 2. The presence of a number of wealthy

families rich families rich from banking and trade created a class of from banking and trade created a class of peoplepeople with the time, money, and interest to with the time, money, and interest to patronize the patronize the arts.arts.

Madonna Madonna and and

ChildChildc. 1320c. 1320

Early Early paintings such paintings such as this lacked as this lacked

the the perspective perspective and realism and realism that would that would

become more become more prevalent in prevalent in

the the Renaissance.Renaissance.

Giottodi Bondone

StigmatizatiStigmatization of St. on of St. FrancisFrancisc. c. 13001300

The beginning of The beginning of perspective is evident in perspective is evident in

this early work.this early work.

DonatelloDonatello1386-14661386-1466

Italian sculptor born in FlorenceItalian sculptor born in Florence One of the first sculptors since One of the first sculptors since

classical times to produce works classical times to produce works depicting human forms in a depicting human forms in a individualistic, confident mannerindividualistic, confident manner

DavidDavid14091409

DavidDavid14301430

Madonna with Madonna with ChildChild14481448

MasaccioMasaccio1401-14271401-1427

influenced by painter Giotto di Bondone influenced by painter Giotto di Bondone and sculptors Brunelleschi and Donatello and sculptors Brunelleschi and Donatello

developed method of applying depth and developed method of applying depth and three-dimensionality that pioneered a new three-dimensionality that pioneered a new sense of realism to paintingsense of realism to painting

The The CrucifixionCrucifixion

14261426

Profile of a Profile of a Young ManYoung Man

14251425

Madonna Madonna with Child with Child and Angelsand Angels

14261426

Sandro BotticelliSandro Botticelli1445-15101445-1510FlorenceFlorence

Italian Renaissance artistItalian Renaissance artist Worked for wealthy Italian families, including the Medici banking familyWorked for wealthy Italian families, including the Medici banking family Most famous portrait – Most famous portrait – Guilano de MediciGuilano de Medici

Also painted religion subjects, especially Also painted religion subjects, especially panels of the Madonna, such as the panels of the Madonna, such as the Madonna Madonna of the Magnificatof the Magnificat, , Madonna of the Madonna of the PomegranatePomegranate, , Coronation of the VirginCoronation of the Virgin, and , and Madonna and Child with Two SaintsMadonna and Child with Two Saints. .

Giuliano de MediciGiuliano de Medici 14781478

Venus and MarsVenus and MarsThe topic of this painting reflects the interest in The topic of this painting reflects the interest in

classical themes.classical themes.

Madonna of the MagnificatMadonna of the Magnificat

Madonna of the Madonna of the PomegranatePomegranate

The The Madonna Madonna and Child and Child with an with an AngelAngel

LamentatioLamentation Over the n Over the

Dead Dead

ChristChrist

The The AnnunciatioAnnunciatio

nn

La Primavera, La Primavera, “Allegory of Spring”“Allegory of Spring”

Lamentation over the Dead ChristLamentation over the Dead Christ Andrea Mantegna - 1490Andrea Mantegna - 1490

Leonardo da VinciLeonardo da Vinci1452-15191452-1519FlorenceFlorence

The epitome of the The epitome of the ideal Renaissance ideal Renaissance man, da Vinci man, da Vinci excelled as a excelled as a painter, sculptor, painter, sculptor, inventor, architect, inventor, architect, and engineer.and engineer.

Drawings of da VinciDrawings of da Vinci

Embryo

Study of a woman’s hand

Vitruvian Man, Vitruvian Man, Study of Study of

proportionsproportions

Siege defensesSiege defenses

Madonna Madonna LittaLitta

Virgin of the RocksVirgin of the Rocks

Leonardo da Vinci was Leonardo da Vinci was particularly noted for his particularly noted for his striking use of light and striking use of light and dark contrasts evident in dark contrasts evident in this and the following this and the following paintings.paintings.

Mona LisaMona Lisa

Lady Lady with an with an ermineermine

The Last Supper

The The Madonna Madonna

of the of the CarnationCarnation

MichelangeloMichelangelo1475-15641475-1564

A painter, sculptor, and architect, he also A painter, sculptor, and architect, he also epitomized the ideal Renaissance man.epitomized the ideal Renaissance man.

Commissioned by the di Medici family to Commissioned by the di Medici family to help beautify Florencehelp beautify Florence

Commissioned by Pope Julius II to work Commissioned by Pope Julius II to work on the Sistine Chapel and his personal on the Sistine Chapel and his personal tombtomb

The Holy The Holy Family with Family with Infant St. Infant St. John the John the

BaptistBaptist

The Last The Last JudgementJudgement

from the Sistine from the Sistine ChapelChapel

Tomb of Pope Tomb of Pope Julius IIJulius II

RomeRome

DavidDavid

PietaPieta

Tomb of Tomb of Lorenzo de Lorenzo de

MediciMedici

Lorenzo de Lorenzo de Medici detail Medici detail from tombfrom tomb

RaphaelRaphael1483-15201483-1520

Best known for his Best known for his Madonnas and his Madonnas and his large figure large figure compositions in the compositions in the Vatican in RomeVatican in Rome

Madonna dell Madonna dell GranducaGranduca

c. 1505c. 1505

The Small The Small Cowper Cowper

MadonnaMadonnac. 1505c. 1505

Bindo Bindo AltovitAltovit

ii

The The EntombmeEntombme

ntnt

The Alba The Alba MadonnaMadonnac. 1511c. 1511

Pope Leo X Pope Leo X with 2 with 2

CardinalsCardinalsc. 1517-18c. 1517-18

Assumption of the Virgin

1518

TitianTitian Venice (1487 – 1576)Venice (1487 – 1576)

Studied with both Gentile Bellini and Studied with both Gentile Bellini and Giovanni Bellini Giovanni Bellini

Noted for his skill at depicting human Noted for his skill at depicting human emotion and movementemotion and movement

FloraFlorac. 1515c. 1515

Bachus Bachus and and

AriadreAriadre 15241524

The Entombment c. 1525The Entombment c. 1525   

                                                

Christ Crowned with Thorns

c. 1542

Portrait of Empress Isabella of Portrait of Empress Isabella of Spain Spain 15481548

Northern Renaissance Northern Renaissance ArtArt

Jan van EyckJan van Eyck1395-14411395-1441

Flemish painter who perfected the newly Flemish painter who perfected the newly developed technique of oil painting. developed technique of oil painting.

His naturalistic panel paintings, mostly His naturalistic panel paintings, mostly portraits and religious subjects, made portraits and religious subjects, made extensive use of disguised religious symbols. extensive use of disguised religious symbols.

His masterpiece is the alterpiece in the His masterpiece is the alterpiece in the cathedral at Ghent, the cathedral at Ghent, the Adoration of the Adoration of the LambLamb (1432) (1432)

Adoration of the LambAdoration of the Lamb

The The Arnolfini Arnolfini MarriageMarriage

14341434

Close-up of Close-up of the convex the convex

mirrormirror

Man in Man in a Red a Red

TurbanTurban14331433

Virgin and Child with Saints and Donor Virgin and Child with Saints and Donor

Jerome BoschJerome Bosch1450-15161450-1516

Flemish painter who used religious Flemish painter who used religious themes in combination with themes in combination with grotesque fantasies, colorful grotesque fantasies, colorful imagery, and peasant folk legends.imagery, and peasant folk legends.

Many paintings reflect the confusion Many paintings reflect the confusion and anguish often associated with and anguish often associated with the Middle Ages.the Middle Ages.

The Extraction of the The Extraction of the Stone of MadnessStone of Madness

1475-14801475-1480Removing "stones" from Removing "stones" from

the head was a fairly the head was a fairly common medieval common medieval

operation; however, for operation; however, for some reason Bosch has some reason Bosch has painted a flower as the painted a flower as the object being removed.object being removed.

ParadisParadise and e and HellHell

Christ Christ carrying carrying the crossthe cross

Garden Garden of of

Earthly Earthly DelightsDelights

Pieter BruegelPieter Bruegel1525-15691525-1569

Known as Pieter Bruegel the Elder to Known as Pieter Bruegel the Elder to distinguish him from his elder sondistinguish him from his elder son

Generally considered the greatest Flemish Generally considered the greatest Flemish painter of the 16th century.painter of the 16th century.

His paintings, including his landscapes and His paintings, including his landscapes and scenes of peasant life, stress the absurd and scenes of peasant life, stress the absurd and vulgar, yet are full of zest and fine detail. vulgar, yet are full of zest and fine detail. They also expose human weaknesses and They also expose human weaknesses and follies. follies.

He was sometimes called the "peasant He was sometimes called the "peasant Bruegel" from such works as Bruegel" from such works as Peasant Peasant Wedding FeastWedding Feast

Peasant WeddingPeasant Wedding15681568

Hunters in the SnowHunters in the Snow

The HarvestersThe Harvesters

The Peasant DanceThe Peasant Dance

The The Adoration of Adoration of

KingsKings15641564

The BeggarsThe Beggars15681568

ErasmusErasmus1469? - 15361469? - 1536

His best known work is the Praise of folly that he wrote on his way back from Italy, a pamphlet mainly directed against the behavior of leading classes and church dignitaries.

Thomas MoreThomas More1478-15351478-1535

Sir Thomas More (later canonized St. Thomas More) is famous for his book Utopia (1515) and for his martyrdom. As

Chancellor to Henry VIII he refused to sanction

Henry's divorce of Queen Catherine. More was imprisoned, tried and

executed.

New MonarchsNew Monarchs

Sought to centralize their power and Sought to centralize their power and demanded strict obedience and demanded strict obedience and loyalty of their subjects.loyalty of their subjects.

Emphasized the notion of “nation” Emphasized the notion of “nation” and saw themselves as the symbol of and saw themselves as the symbol of such unity and strengthsuch unity and strength

New MonarchsNew Monarchs

Louis XI – (r 1461-1483) Laid the Louis XI – (r 1461-1483) Laid the foundation for royal absolutism in Francefoundation for royal absolutism in France

Henry VII – (r. 1485-1509) rebuilt the Henry VII – (r. 1485-1509) rebuilt the monarchy of England following the War of monarchy of England following the War of the Rosesthe Roses

Ferdinand and Isabella – (r. 1474-1516) – Ferdinand and Isabella – (r. 1474-1516) – strengthened royal authority in Spain by strengthened royal authority in Spain by demanding religious unitydemanding religious unity

The EndThe End