ip project flexem ter flexicurity marije bosmaninholland hogeschool kevin de bruyckerplantijn...
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IP ProjectFlexem ter
FLEXICURITY
Marije Bosman Inholland HogeschoolKevin De Bruycker Plantijn HogeschoolMathias Settele University of NürtingenGabriele Grosso University of BolognaAndreas Michael University of FlorenceEgle Arcisauskaite Mykolas Romeris UniversityIrmantas Berzauskas Kaunas CollegeMercè Valldeperas Sumarroca University of Girona
Topic 5FLEXICURITY
2IP ProjectFlexem ter
Objectives
Description of the concept ‘flexicurity’ as the golden triangle
Comparison of the current situation in the participating countries in the context of the ‘golden triangle’
Conclusions on the possibilities to have a universal flexicurity model working for a whole Europe
Recommendations resting upon the analysis of current situation on what could be done in the member states and on the European level using the ideas and concepts of flexicurity
Topic 5FLEXICURITY
3IP ProjectFlexem ter
The golden triangle
Topic 5FLEXICURITY
4IP ProjectFlexem ter
Contents
I. INTRODUCTION
II. CURRENT SITUATION
1. FLEXIBILITY OF THE LABOUR MARKET2. SOCIAL SECURITY3. ACTIVE LABOUR MARKET POLICY4. TRADE UNIONS
III. CONCLUSIONS
IV. RECOMMENDATIONS
Topic 5FLEXICURITY
5IP ProjectFlexem ter
Flexibility of the labour market
Labour market flexibility refers to the degree in which labour markets quickly adapt to fluctuations and changes in society as well as in the economy or production.
• point of departure:- globalisation- technological change- international competition-
unemployment Flexibility is necessary
Topic 5FLEXICURITY
6IP ProjectFlexem ter
Flexibility of the labour market
• INDICATORS:
employee‘s period of notice leave schemes unilateral transfer of personnel by employers limitation of the employee’s freedom to elect a
new employer average length of service
Worker mobility
Topic 5FLEXICURITY
7IP ProjectFlexem ter
Flexibility of the labour market
• Strict rules lack of flexibility unlike the Danish model
• INDICATORS: Protection against dismissal probationary period employer‘s period of notice
Employment Protection
Topic 5FLEXICURITY
8IP ProjectFlexem ter
Flexibility of the labour market
open-ended labour contract part-time contract fixed-term contract temporary work contract
different regulations in the various countries
Types of contracts
Topic 5FLEXICURITY
9IP ProjectFlexem ter
Flexibility of the labour market
• depending on the different indicators and countries
• furthermore flexibility must be increased especially concerning dismissal rules
Current level of flexibility in EU?
Topic 5FLEXICURITY
10IP ProjectFlexem ter
Contents
I. INTRODUCTION
II. CURRENT SITUATION
1. FLEXIBILITY OF THE LABOUR MARKET
2. SOCIAL SECURITY3. ACTIVE LABOUR MARKET POLICY4. TRADE UNIONS
III. CONCLUSIONS
IV. RECOMMENDATIONS
Topic 5FLEXICURITY
11IP ProjectFlexem ter
Social Security
Social security - a regulation that gives the employees security for employment and income irrespective of developments on the labour market or developments in the employee’s own situation
High social security – a precondition for flexible labour market in the flexicurity model
Topic 5FLEXICURITY
12IP ProjectFlexem ter
Social Security
• INDICATORS:
unemployment benefits unemployment rate
Denmark Netherlands Belgium Spain Italy Germany Lithuania Europe
3,2% 3,6% 7,7% 8,5% 6,7% 7,9% 5,7% 7,6%
Topic 5FLEXICURITY
13IP ProjectFlexem ter
Social Security
Pensions GDP rate for social security
Denmark Netherlands Belgium Spain Italy Germany Lithuania Europe
34% 28,5% 29,3% 20,0% 26,4% 29,5% 17% 27%
minimum wages
Topic 5FLEXICURITY
14IP ProjectFlexem ter
Contents
I. INTRODUCTION II. CURRENT SITUATION
1. FLEXIBILITY OF THE LABOUR MARKET 2. SOCIAL SECURITY 3. ACTIVE LABOUR MARKET POLICY
4. TRADE UNIONS
III. CONCLUSIONS
IV. RECOMMENDATIONS
Topic 5FLEXICURITY
15IP ProjectFlexem ter
Active Labour Market Policy
• Active labour market policies (ALMP’s) government programmes that intervene in the labour market to help the unemployed to find work
• Categories of ALMP: public employment services training schemes employment subsidies
Topic 5FLEXICURITY
16IP ProjectFlexem ter
Active Labour Market Policy
• Life long learning (LLL) an attitude to open new ideas, decisions,
skills and behaviours
Denmark
Netherlands
Lithuania
Belgium
Italy SpainGermany
Participation in LLL
27.4% 15.4% 6.0 % 8.3 % 5.8% 10.5% 7.7 %
Public expenditure education % GDP
8.4% 5.3% 5.2% 6.2% 4.9% 4.5% 4.8%
• Financing concept of life long learning (LLL)
Topic 5FLEXICURITY
17IP ProjectFlexem ter
Active Labour Market Policy
• Job rotation a transfer of employees among a number of different positions and tasks within jobs where each
requires different skills and responsibilities
• Current situation:
Belgium, The Netherlands - a working concept
Italy, Spain – a certain form, but it is bound to a lot of rules
Germany, Lithuania – set by law, but not working practically
Topic 5FLEXICURITY
18IP ProjectFlexem ter
Contents
I. INTRODUCTION II. CURRENT SITUATION
1. FLEXIBILITY OF THE LABOUR MARKET 2. SOCIAL SECURITY 3. ACTIVE LABOUR MARKET POLICY 4. TRADE UNIONS
III. CONCLUSIONS
IV. RECOMMENDATIONS
Topic 5FLEXICURITY
19IP ProjectFlexem ter
Trade Unions
% of total national union membership in 2003
Trade union representativity
0 % 20 % 40 % 60 % 80 % 100 %
Co
un
try's
percentage
Belgium Denmark Finland Germany
Italy Lithuania Spain The Netherlands
Topic 5FLEXICURITY
20IP ProjectFlexem ter
Contents
I. INTRODUCTION II. CURRENT SITUATION
1. FLEXIBILITY OF THE LABOUR MARKET 2. SOCIAL SECURITY 3. ACTIVE LABOUR MARKET POLICY 4. TRADE UNIONS
III. CONCLUSIONS
IV. RECOMMENDATIONS
Topic 5FLEXICURITY
21IP ProjectFlexem ter
Final Conclusion
• Question: Would there be a possibility to have a general flexicurity model in
Europe?
„golden triangle“
differences
general policy
Topic 5FLEXICURITY
22IP ProjectFlexem ter
Contents
I. INTRODUCTION
II. CURRENT SITUATION
1. FLEXIBILITY OF THE LABOUR MARKET 2. SOCIAL SECURITY 3. ACTIVE LABOUR MARKET POLICY 4. TRADE UNIONS
III. CONCLUSIONS IV. RECOMMENDATIONS
Topic 5FLEXICURITY
23IP ProjectFlexem ter
Recommendations
• Flexibility of the labour market
investing in employability flexible level of contracts
• Social Security
minimum expenditure in social security effective taxation retirement age
Topic 5FLEXICURITY
24IP ProjectFlexem ter
Recommendations
• Active Labour Market Policy
education and LLL expenditure on ALMP Private Agencies
• Role of Trade Unions
Topic 5FLEXICURITY
25IP ProjectFlexem ter
Recommendations
• Modernisation and fundamental rights
Role of labour law
Topic 5FLEXICURITY
26IP ProjectFlexem ter
Contents
I. INTRODUCTION
II. CURRENT SITUATION
1. FLEXIBILITY OF THE LABOUR MARKET 2. SOCIAL SECURITY 3. ACTIVE LABOUR MARKET POLICY 4. TRADE UNIONS
III. CONCLUSIONS IV. RECOMMENDATIONS
Topic 5FLEXICURITY
27IP ProjectFlexem ter
Annex – Leave Schemes Netherlan
dsLithuania
Belgium Italy Spain Germany
Annual/ordinary
Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
Maternity Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
Parental Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
Carer’s Yes Yes Yes
Political or public duties
Yes Yes/No
Study/learning
Yes Yes Yes Yes
Part-time pension
Yes Yes Yes Yes
Yes
Sabbatical Yes Yes (Yes)
Sickness Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
Topic 5FLEXICURITY
28IP ProjectFlexem ter
Annex – Employment Protection
Employment Protection legislation
Particular restrictions against dismissal of specific persons
maximum probationary period
Maximum period of notice
Denmark Yes Yes 3 months 6 months
Netherlands
Yes Yes 2 months 2 months
Lithuania Yes Yes 6 months 4 months
Belgium Yes Yes 14 days/6 months
8 weeks/18 months
Italy Yes Yes 6 months collective labour
agreement
Spain Yes Yes 6 months 30 days
Germany Yes Yes 6 months 7 months
Topic 5FLEXICURITY
29IP ProjectFlexem ter
Annex – Social Security
Denmark Netherlands Belgium Spain Italy Germany Lithuania Europe
3,2% 3,6% 7,7% 8,5% 6,7% 7,9% 5,7% 7,6%
• Unemployment rates
• GDP rate for social security
Denmark Netherlands Belgium Spain Italy Germany Lithuania Europe
34% 28,5% 29,3% 20,0% 26,4% 29,5% 17% 27%
Topic 5FLEXICURITY
30IP ProjectFlexem ter
Active Labour Market Policy
• Financing concept of life long learning (LLL)
Denmark
Netherlands
Lithuania Belgium Italy Spain Germany
Government
X X X X X
X
Companies
X X X X X X
Worker
X X
X