introduction to anatomy 1

!

Basic Anatomy Course in Acupuncture

Ryan Em C. Dalman, MD-MBA

!Day 1 " Course Introduction " Anatomical Positions " Anatomical Terms of Motion " Basic Anatomy

! Biological Organization ! Blood Vessels ! Bone, Ligament, Tendon, Cartilage, Fascia, Muscle ! Skin, hair and nails

General Outline

!Day 2 " Back

! Spine ! Spinal Cord ! Upper and Lower Back

" Thorax

General Outline

!Day 3 " Head and Neck

! Skull ! Scalp ! Neck

" Abdomen

General Outline

!Day 4 " Upper Extremity

! Arm, Forearm, Hand, Joints " Face

! Periorbital Area, Nose, Mouth, Ears

General Outline

!Day 5 " Lower Extremity

! Thigh, Leg, Foot, Joints " Special topics

General Outline

!Day 6 " Integration

General Outline

!Morning Topics " Course Introduction

! Brief History of Anatomy ! Anatomy and TCM ! Relevance of Anatomy in Acupuncture

" Anatomical Positions ! Anterior, posterior, medial, etc.

Outline

!Morning Topics " Anatomical Terms of Motion

! Flexion, extension, rotation, etc " Basic Anatomy

! Biological Organization (Cell, Tissue, etc) " Recall Activity

Outline

!Afternoon Topics " Basic Anatomy

! Vessels (Artery, Vein, Nerve) " Basic Physiology " Relevance in Acupuncture

! Bone, Ligament, Tendon, Cartilage, Fascia, Muscle ! Skin, hair and nails

" TCM principles ! Recall Activity

Outline

!Pretest

!Pretest!

A. Clavicle B. Sternum C. Scapula D. Pelvis

!Pretest!

A. Humerus B. Ulna C. Tibia D. Femur

!Pretest!

A. Tarsal bones B. Carpal bones C. Patella D. Sacrum

!Pretest!

A. Gluteus Muscles B. Gastrocnemius C. Trapezius D. Sternocleidomastoid

!Pretest!

A. Axillary fossa B. Popliteal fossa C. Antecubital fossa

!Course Introduction

!Egypt (16000 BC) " Basic Dissections " Heart, liver, spleen, hypothalamus, and bladder " Heart is the center of blood supply

History of Ancient Anatomy

!History of Ancient Anatomy

Birth of Biology (5th-4th Century BC) " Coined by a Greek

naturalist " Bios (life) logos (word)

!History of Ancient Anatomy

Alcameon (5th century BC)

" First man to make a significant contribution to anatomy

" Search for the seat of intelligence

!Aristotle (4th century BC) " Animal Dissections " Comparative Anatomy " “Heart is the seat of

intelligence”


!Alexandria (3rd – 2nd century BC) " First recorded school of anatomy " Ptolemy I Soter


!Human Vivisection (300 BC) " Vivisection – “the practice of performing operations on

live animals for the purpose of experimentation or scientific research”


!" Herophilus and Erasistratus


!Errors of Galen (2nd Century AD)

" Galen ! Chief Physician to

Gladiators


!Early Modern Anatomy

Mondino de Luzzi (1275-1326) " First systemic human

cadaver dissections

!Leonardi Da Vinci (1489) " Anatomical drawings

Early Modern Anatomy


Andreas Vesalius (16th Century)

" First to challenge the Galenic Doctrine

" anatomy became an actual discipline

!Anatomical Theaters (16th Century) " University of Padua " Italy: Center for Vivisection

Early Modern Anatomy

!" Human dissections

seldom done ! Confucius: “Our body

with skin and hair comes from our parents. We must not mutilate it”

Anatomy in TCM

!" Emperor Wang Mang

! Ordered dissection of the body of a rebel named Wang Sun-Ching

Anatomy in TCM

!Anatomy in TCM

!" Ancient China (Shang Dynasty, 17th-11th century BC)

! Magical/Supernatural/Demons cause all the diseases ! Demons cause swellings, relieved by insertion of stone

lancets

Anatomy in TCM

!" Early Chinese Dynasties

! Soldiers wounded by arrows in battles was suddenly relieved from symptoms that bothered them for years

Anatomy in TCM

!" Modern Traditional Chinese Medicine

! University of Western Sidney " Masters program 1 of 4 years

! Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine " Traditional Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Tuina

Massage (1 of 5 years) ! Yosan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine

" Masters program (1 of 4 years) ! Beijing University of Chinese Medicine

" Short courses: 2 weeks

Anatomy in TCM

!Bladder Break!

!Anatomical Positions

!Terms of Position and Direction

!DistalProximal

!

Ipsilateral: A & B C & D Contralateral: B & D A & C

!Recall!

!

a. Superior b. Inferior c. Ipsilateral d. Contralateral

!

a. Medial b. Lateral c. Proximal d. Distal

!

a. Anterior b. Posterior c. Dorsal d. Ventral

!

Anatomical Terms of Motion

!Extension and Flexion

" Flexion – a decrease in the angle of the joint " Extension – an increase in the angle of the joint

!Extension and Flexion

!" Dorsiflexion

! bending the foot/hand towards the dorsal side " Plantar Flexion

! bending the foot towards the plantar side " Palmar Flexion

! Bending the hand towards the palmar side

Dorsi/Plantar/Palmar Flexion

!Dorsi/Plantar/Palmar Flexion

!" Abduction

! Movement away from the midline of the body " Adduction

! Movement towards the midline of the body

Abduction and Adduction

!Abduction and Adduction


A

B

C

D

!Movements of the Thumb

!" Medial Rotation

! Movement around a longitudinal axis toward the midline of the body

" Lateral Rotation ! Movement around a longitudinal axis away from the

midline of he body

Rotation

!Rotation

!" Circumduction

! Circular movement of a limb

Circumduction

!" Elevation

! Upward movement " Depression

! Downward movement

Elevation and Depression

!Elevation and Depression

!" Protraction

! Forward movement " Retraction

! Backward movement

Protraction and Retraction

!Protraction and Retraction

Protraction

Retraction

!" Supination

! Movement of forearm in which the palm is turned anteriorly

" Pronation ! Movement of forearm in which the palm is turned

posteriorly

Supination and Pronation

!Supination and Pronation

!Inversion and Eversion

" Inversion ! Movement of the soles inward so they face each other

" Eversion ! Movement of the soles outward so they face away from

each other

!Inversion and Eversion

!Recall!!!

!Recall!

A B

C

Supination Pronation Flexion Extension Depression Elevation Protraction Retraction Inversion Eversion Rotation Circumduction Abduction Adduction Dorsiflexion Plantar Flexion Palmar Flexion

!Recall!

Supination Pronation Flexion Extension Depression Elevation Protraction Retraction Inversion Eversion Rotation Circumduction Abduction Adduction Dorsiflexion Plantar Flexion Palmar Flexion

!" www.slideshare.net " Ryan Dalman

http://www.slidershare.net/

introduction to anatomy 1

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