TOPIC

Innovation In Governance And Public Services: Past And Present

Group Members

Bilal Khan

Shahzeb

Hamid Yaqoob

Saddam hussain

Syed Kashif Shah

Presentation Contents

Innovation and its typesInnovation in Public Services

Innovation with or without improvement

What we still need to know

Conclusion

Definition of Innovation

Novelty in action; Its not just a new idea but a new practice.

Differently explained by writers, some writers suggest that innovation is radical or complex, while others consider it as small as well as large scale innovation.

Moore defined Innovation as,“ Those changes worth recognizing as innovation should be new to the organization, be large enough, general enough and durable enough to appreciably affect the operations of the organization”.

Most of innovation theory and literature is derived from new product development such as in private sector.

Innovation in governance and public services are more uncertain, here innovation may not be just a physical change but a change in relationship between service providers and their users.

Diffusion of innovation:This theory suggests that how new technological and other advancements spread throughout societies from introduction to wider adoption.

Differences between Private Sector and Public Sector Innovation

Private Sector Innovation:Innovation help private sector to cut costs, improve their products and open new markets. Here innovation is mostly done for competitive advantage.

Public Sector Innovation:It involves significant improvements in the services that government has a responsibility to provide. Such innovation bring positive changes in efficiencies and increase public value.

Types of InnovationProduct Innovation:

It is actually new or improved version of product. E.g. digital reader is an improved version of traditional book.

Service Innovation:It include new ways in which services are provided to customers/users. E.g. Online Tax Forms, Online FIR System. Etc

Process Innovation:It include significant changes in techniques, equipments and software. E.g. Administration re-organization.

Position Innovation:It involves changes user perception about a certain product. e.g. Jane and Austen wrote a book, initially it was regarded as a good book but now that book is considered as great classic essential literature, which is how it is now advertised.

Strategic Innovation:New goals or purposes of the organization is known as strategic innovation. E.g. Community policies.

Rhetorical Innovation:It includes new language and new concept. E.g. Congestion Charging for London.

Innovation in public services: an historical perspective

Private SectorPublic sectorTraditional public

administrationNew public managementNetworked governance

Private sectorThe private sector is the part of a

country’s economy that is not controlled directly by the government like, household, businessman

In the private sector, the focus is on managers and staff as sources of innovation, both working inside the organization, and networking outside it.

Public sectorThe public sector is that portion

of an economic system that is controlled by national, state or provincial, and local governments. 

In the public sector we have to consider the role of policy-makers and policy-advisors in the innovation process.

Traditional public administration

The traditional public administration consists in the bureaucratic system of max weber. Which is represent the traditional system of public management.

Charismatic Authority- the appeal of an extraordinary leader

Traditional Authority- such as the authority of a tribal chief; and rational / legal authority

Hierarchy that is supervision of the lower offices by the higher ones

Rules and regulationsAuthority and command

New public management

The new public management is defined as” a vision, an ideology or a set of approaches and managerial techniques mostly specific to the public sector

The second theory is that of the new public management which has been developed at the end of the 70’s and which has imposed in most of the countries.

Networked governanceNetworked governance can be

defined as the interconnectedness of independent units of authority and power, whether individual, community, state, or corporate. Networked governance moves from vertical to horizontal approaches to decision making and is characterized by systems of communications, knowledge exchange and dialogue.

Networked governance is the form of organization, that increased the efficiency and reduced the agency problem through the distributed knowledge acquisition and decentralized problem solving.

Changing ideological conceptions of governance and public management

Traditional public administration

New public management

Networked governance

Context Stable Competitive Continuously changing

Population Homogeneous Atomized Diverse

Needs/problems Straightforward defined by professionals

Wants, expressed through the market

Complex. Volatile and prone to risk

Strategy State and producer centre

Market and customer centred

Shaped by civil society

Governance through actors

Hierarchies public servants

Markets purchasers and providers client and contractors

Networks and partnerships civic leadership

Key concepts Public goods Public choice Public value

Innovation and improvement in different conceptions of governance and public management

Traditional public administration

New public management

Networked governance

Innovation Some large scale, national and universal innovations

Innovation in organizational form more than content

Innovation at both central and local levels

Improvement Large step- change improvements initially, but less capability for continuous improvement

Improvements in managerial process and systems. Customer focus produces quality improvements in some service

Aiming for both transformational and continuous improvement in front-line services

Role of policy-makers

Commanders Announcers/commissioners

Leaders and intreters

Role of public managers

Clerks and martyrs

Efficiency and market maximizers

Explorers

Role of the population

Client Customers Co-producers

Online first investigation report (FIR)

Biometric attendance system high secondary school and colleges

Innovation with or without improvement

Improvement is doing things better

Innovation is doing things differently

Public money and management show

important difference in innovation between public and privet sector

In privet sector

In public sector

High Improvement but no innovation innovation and improvement

improvement

Low no improvement no innovation innovation but no improvement

Low innovation High

ConclusionsInnovation is considerable

issue

Private sector

Public Sector

Three different conceptions of governance & public mgt.

Traditional Public Admin.

New Public Mgt.

Network Governance

These three Conception in which ways pursed by

Policy makers

Managers

citizens

Private sector focus on

Technological innovation

New product development

limitations product innovation to

Service innovation

Organizational innovation

Context(situation) both impact

Directly on innovation determinants

Process

outcomes

Indirectly through

Organization features such as

The amount of organization

Resources

strategy

Tidd (2001)argues that the complexity of the innovation & uncertainty of the environment substantially shape innovation.

These are key dimensions for public service organizations

We also to understand further organizational process of innovation development through

Top-down policy development

Bottom-up innovation

One element of complexity of public service organization producing not only benefits for individual but also providing goods services & establishing collective efficiency & creating rules & purpose.

Research is needed to light up & explain the process which support or which undermine innovation in public service organizations

viewing innovation as a journey rather than a linear process.