Presentation on industrial training atHIMACHAL ROAD TRANSPORT

CORPORATIONMandi (H.P.)

 

Isshan Chandel12UME0785ME-2B.U.E.S.T.

INTRODUCTION

This training is done at H.R.T.C. Workshop which comes under MANDI (HP) Division.

Workshop is a place where various components are required & manufactured.

Here during this training I have seen all things and done practically which has helped to enrich my knowledge greatly.

Bus Types

Ultra Luxury Air Conditioned Buses (HIMSUTA)

Deluxe

Semi Deluxe

Ordinary Buses

LITERATURE SURVEY

We briefly studied about the following system of a bus: Engine Transmission System Breaking System Cooling System

Engine

An engine is mechanical device which converts one form of energy into other. The power system of an automobile is the engine. It is the heart of the automobile.

The power system of an automobile is the engine.it is the heart of the automobile . In the power system, an assembly of the large number of parts is used to do work and make transfer of energy. This energy is stored in the flywheel connected to the crankshaft. The flywheel connected to the crankshaft. The flywheel transmits this energy to wheels through the transmission system.in this way the power i.e. the engine sets the vehicle in motion.

Working Diagram of a 4-Stroke Diesel Engine:-The four Strokes are as follows:-1. Suction Stroke2. Compression Stroke3. Power Stroke4.Exhaust Stroke

Main Parts of an Engine:-

Pistons Crankshaft Valves Flywheel Camshaft

Engine’s main Components

Piston Crankshaft Valves

Flywheel

Camshaft

Some other engine components are shown in figure below:-

Transmission System:-

Transmission system have following parts :- Gear Box Propeller Shaft Differential

Gear Box

A gear box is a protective casing for a system of gears which is used to transmit torque to the propeller shaft at various speeds. It consists of two shafts: -

1. Main Shaft (primary)

2. Lay Shaft (secondary)

Propeller Shaft:-

Propeller shaft is attached after gear box & consists of universal joints.

It is attached with the differential at 900 angle & transmit torque from gear box to the differential.

Differential

Differential is a mechanism used in rear wheel axel to reduce the speed of inner wheel & increase speed of outer wheel while taking turn.

Parts of a Differential: -

Crown wheel or ring gear. Drive pinion or crown pinion Cage Sun gear Planet or star pinion

The drive pinion meshes with crown wheel. The crown wheel is free to rotate on rear axle half shafts whereas the sun gear is splinted on the ends of each shaft. The cage is rigidly attached to the crown wheel. The cage consist of a pin on which two planet pinions are mounted. The planet pinions are free to rotate on the pin but are meshed with the sun gears.

Different views of Differential components:-

Brake

A brake is a device used either to bring a body to rest when it is in motion or to hold a body in a state of uniform motion against the action of external force.

Types of Braking Systems:- Frictional Brakes Pumping Brakes Electromagnetic Brakes

Foundation brakes are most common air-brake system found in H.R.T.C. buses

Working of a Air Braking System

Air Dryer

A device that extracts moisture

From the air.

Shops that use compressor may

have to use air dryers to keep

Shop air free from moisture.

•Get the engine up to optimum operating Temperature as quickly as possible and maintains it at that temperature.

COOLING SYSTEM

Types of cooling system

In order to cool the engine a cooling medium is required. On the basis of medium, in general use for cooling I.C. engine, types of cooling system are:-

liqiud or indirect cooling system. air or direct cooling system.

In buses liquid or indirect cooling system is used.

Liquid Cooled System:-

A liquid is circulated around the cylinders and absorb heat from the cylinder walls and cylinder head.

Coolant absorbs heat as it passes through the engine and also lubricates the water pump.

Components of Cooling System

Components of Cooling Systems:-

Water Jacket Water Pump Radiator

Thermostat Fan

THANK YOU