project report hrtc reservation system.doc
TRANSCRIPT
-
8/17/2019 Project Report HRTC Reservation System.doc
1/65
Chapter - 1
INTRODUCTION
- 1 -
-
8/17/2019 Project Report HRTC Reservation System.doc
2/65
INTRODUCTION
The feeling of acknowledgment something and expressing it in
words Is our weakness !ut we heartil" admit that when we surel"wish to express our warm gratitude towards some!od" concerned
!ut we are at loss of words#
During the entire course of this demanding and intriguing pro$ect#
%hich in&ol&e lot of creati&it" and conceptuali'ation( I would like to
express m" sincere thanks to m" pro$ect guide for his#
)alua!le guidance scholarl" ad&ice fruit suggestion and critical
remarks during the course of the present s"stem in&estigation and
who reall" timel" and dul" helped# I am inde!ted to him for the
knowledge and help he has imparted upon me# It is started fact that
without his guidance and support this pro$ect would not ha&e its
end# Therefore and foremost we extend our heart full gratitude to
him#
*nowledge is choicement possession which should not !e shel&ed
!ut should !e happil" with other# In this regard we are extremel"
fortune in ha&ing Mr # SANJEEV KUMAR Our guide in this pro$ectwork#
+ll concepts knowledge and will to work can !e reali'ed in the form
of the pro$ect if and onl" if resources are a&aila!le# which he could
and his great help and numerous suggestions in making this
pro$ect# %ithout his help it was not possi!le to complete this pro$ect
under a considered time limit#%e should !e incomplete in our &ote
of thanks if we forgot our !atch mates and friends who helped with
their ideas and more so !" their encouragement#
,oftware pro$ect is a logical rather than a ph"sical s"stem
lement# Therefore software has characteristic that are
considera!l" different than those of ph"sical one# ,oftware is
de&eloped or engineered. it is not manufactured in classical sense
- 2 -
-
8/17/2019 Project Report HRTC Reservation System.doc
3/65
+ computer software is a said to !e success / when it meet the
Needs of the peoples who use it when it performers flawlessl" o&er long period of time when it is eas" to modif" and e&en easier to
use-it can and does change for the !etter# To succeed we need
discipline when we design and !uild software# It needs an
engineering approach#
%elcome to the pro$ect# The pro$ect title is “Computerized
HRTC SYSTEM” as the name suggest this pro$ect is on 0imachal
Road Transport Corporation 0RTC2# This pro$ect is &er" friendl"
and created using VB NET !ro"r#mmi$" %#$"u#"e
3" using this pro$ect we can Reser&e the Tickets# Using this
pro$ect we can store search edit the information a!out the Routesand 3uses and ,ee the Reports# This pro$ect uses a strong
data!ase#
- 3 -
-
8/17/2019 Project Report HRTC Reservation System.doc
4/65
E&i'ti$" '('tem)
The existing s"stem was controlled with a lot of and
efficient computer operators !ecause the software on
which the existing s"stem was dependent were difficult to
understand and handle# due to use of &arious software4s
the cost was too high !ecause much salar" had to !e
paid to man" operators# moreo&er all the operators were
re5uired to take training as the" had no knowledge a!out
the software used#!ropo'ed '('tem)
The proposed s"stem will remo&e all the pro!lems in the
existing s"stem# now onl" few software4s like Vi'u#*
B#'i+ , -.Ver'io$/ - will !e re5uired# The software4s are
too eas" to understand that the user can understand it
and once moreo&er it is so fre5uentl" used in dail" life
that almost all the users must ha&e gone through it in their
educational le&el# +s the software4s cost is also little# No
special training is re5uired# Not man" operators are
re5uired onl" person can handles the records of whole
department# The accurac" will !e there securit" will !e
there and eas" access will !e there 3efore
designing6de&eloping a new s"stem it is important to
esta!lish the acceptance criteria so that it can !e
- 4 -
-
8/17/2019 Project Report HRTC Reservation System.doc
5/65
e&aluated according to this criteria #The performance
re5uirements are7
• U'er 0rie$d*( ) The designed s"stem should !e
user friendl" understanda!le and eas" to use so
that e&en the no&ice user can easil" learn to use the
s"stem#
• 0*e&i1i*it( ) It should !e flexi!le in nature to allow
likel" changes and alteration in the near future#
• Error 2#$d*i$" ) The s"stem must gi&e response
to errors in clear and precise manner as soon as anerror has occurred#
• I$te"rit( ) The results produced !" the s"stem
should !e accurate and relia!le#
• 0u$+tio$#* #$d per3orm#$+e
'pe+i3i+#tio$' ) The performance of the re5uired
s"stem should !e good and should fulfill the
re5uired functional specifications#
mo't o3 t2e e4e$t' #re o$5+*i+6 #$d t2e u'er $e4er
re5uired to enter an" commands# ,o the staff 5uickl"
learns how to use this pro$ect#
- 5 -
-
8/17/2019 Project Report HRTC Reservation System.doc
6/65
-
8/17/2019 Project Report HRTC Reservation System.doc
7/65
SYSTEM DEVE%O!MENT %I0E CYC%E
,"stem de&elopment is a process which started when
s"stem de&elopment personnel feel that a new s"stem or
an impro&ement in the existing s"stem is re5uired#
,oftware de&elopment life c"cle is a se5uence of
acti&ities carried out !" anal"st designer and user to
de&elop and implement of an information s"stem#
•
ANA%YST) +n anal"st studies the re5uirements of
a customer or user and defines the pro!lem
domain# 0e identifies need of an organi'ation to
determine how people method and computer
technolog" can !est accomplish impro&ement of the
!usiness#
• DESI7NER)
+ designer design a s"stem in terms of
structure of the data!ase screens forms and
reports# 0e also determines the hardware and
software re5uirements for the de&elopment of the
s"stem#
• USER)
U'er i' t2e o$e 82o u'e' t2e '('tem
- 7 -
-
8/17/2019 Project Report HRTC Reservation System.doc
8/65
ACTIVITIES O0 SD%CRecognition of needs
=easi!ilit" stud"
+nal"sis
Designing
Coding
TestingImplementation
-
8/17/2019 Project Report HRTC Reservation System.doc
9/65
In this phase the user re5uirement are studied and
anal"'ed# The technical de&elopment team works with the
customer and s"stem end users to identif" the &arious
re5uirements related to the s"stem to !e de&eloped#
DESI7NIN7)
This is the phase where new s"stem is designed
according to the needs of the user# In this phase the
specification of each and e&er" component of the pro$ect
is laid down#
CODIN7)
This is the phase where s"stem is actuall" de&eloped#
The s"stem design is coded in some suita!le
programming language in this phase#
TESTIN7)
In this phase the s"stem is $udged for all its worth# During
this phase the de&eloped s"stem is re&iewed against
each and e&er" customer re5uirement specification#
IM!%EMENTATION)This is the phase in which the de&elopment s"stem is
handed o&er to the client# The old s"stem is dispensed
new s"stem is put into operation for use and all personnel
are trained to manage and maintain the new s"stem#
- 9 -
-
8/17/2019 Project Report HRTC Reservation System.doc
10/65
Chapter - >
RECO7NITION O0
NEED
- 10 -
-
8/17/2019 Project Report HRTC Reservation System.doc
11/65
RECO7NITION O0 NEED
The !asic of the pro$ect is recognition of needs for
impro&ing an information s"stem or a procedure# Thus
the first step in ,D;C is the recognition of needs
whose purpose is to e&aluate the pro$ect re5uest it is
collection of information that helps the committee
mem!ers to e&aluate the merit of the pro$ect re5uest
and to make an informed $udgment a!out the feasi!ilit"
of the proposed pro$ect#
!ROB%EM STATEMENT
-
8/17/2019 Project Report HRTC Reservation System.doc
12/65
+nother pro!lem was that the data should !e
accessed from the ser&er and accordingl" changes
should !e made on the data in the ser&er onl"#
0UNCTIONS TO BE !ROVIDED
The &arious features that the proposed s"stem will
possess will !e7
The s"stem will !e user friendl" and completel"
menu-dri&en so that users shall ha&e no pro!lem inusing all the options pro&ided#
The s"stem will !e efficient and fast in response !"
careful programming
- 12 -
-
8/17/2019 Project Report HRTC Reservation System.doc
13/65
-
8/17/2019 Project Report HRTC Reservation System.doc
14/65
+n important outcome in the preliminar" in&estigation
is to determine that the s"stem re5uested is feasi!le#Three ke" considerations in&ol&ed in feasi!ilit"
anal"sis#
TECHNICA%
ECONOMIC
O!ERATIONA%
%e determine the performance and cost effecti&eness
of the proposed s"stem and constraints it is
recommended in feasi!ilit" report#
• Te+2$i+#* 3e#'i1i*it(
There are num!er of technical issues which generall"
raised during the feasi!ilit" stages of in&estigation which
are as follows7-
Does the necessar" technolog" exist to do what is
suggested(
Does the proposed e5uipment ha&e the technical
capacit" to hold the data re5uired to use the new
s"stem(
Can the s"stem !e upgraded if de&eloped(
+re there technical guarantees of accurac"
relia!ilit" ease of access and data securit"(
- 14 -
-
8/17/2019 Project Report HRTC Reservation System.doc
15/65
The proposed s"stem is technicall" feasi!le !ecause
&isual !asic @#A on windows B on client and :, +ccess
on the ser&er are compati!le and support the program
and data!ase design 5uite efficientl"#
• E+o$omi+ 0e#'i1i*it(
+lso referred to as cost !enefit anal"sis is the most
fre5uentl" used method for e&aluating the effecti&eness of
a proposed s"stem# The focus is to determine the !enefitsand sa&ings that are expected from proposed s"stem and
compared them with cost# if !enefit outweigh cost then
the decision is made and implement the s"stem#
Our proposed s"stem needs onl" a few
software4s and printer along with a few computer
operators# *eeping in a &iew the long-term !enefits
pro&ided !" this proposed s"stem these inputs costs are
minimum#
Oper#tio$#* 0e#'i1i*it(
Operational feasi!ilit" is mainl" related to human
organi'ations and political aspects# The points to !e
considered7-
%hat changes will !e !rought with a s"stem(
%hat organi'ational structures are distur!ed(
- 15 -
-
8/17/2019 Project Report HRTC Reservation System.doc
16/65
%hat new skills if not. can the" !e trained in due
course of time(
Our proposed s"stem is aimed to simplif" the $o! without
!ringing much change in wa" of working of existings"stem#
Chapter -
+N+;9,I,
- 16 -
-
8/17/2019 Project Report HRTC Reservation System.doc
17/65
RE9UIREMENT ANA%YSIS
It is the detail stud" of the &arious operations performed
!" the s"stem and their relationship with in E outside the
organi'ation# The ke" 5uestion is7
%hat must !e done to sol&e the pro!lem(
Tools used in anal"sis are D=D inter&iews onsite
o!ser&ations E 5uestionnaires# Training experience E
common sense are re5uired for the collection of information needed to the anal"sis# ,"stem anal"sis is the
fact finding followed !" anal"sis of the facts# Data
anal"sis is also considered a pre re5uisite condition for
cost6!enefit anal"sis# ,"stem anal"st is a person who
conducts the s"stem stud" and identifies the acti&ities and
o!$ecti&es formulate the set of roles to achie&e the
o!$ects# 0is main acti&ities are s"stem anal"sis is the fact
finding followed !" anal"sis of the facts# Data anal"sis is
also considering a pre-re5uisite condition for cost6!enefit
anal"sis# Re5uirement anal"sis pla"s an essential role in
the ,D;C#
One of the most difficult aspects of program de&elopment
is in getting !oth the customer E de&elopers to
understand what each of them is tr"ing to sa"#
The techni5ues which we ha&e used for re5uirement
gathering for the present pro$ect are inter&iews and
o!ser&ations# =irst of all we inter&iewed FIN,TITUT G and- 17 -
-
8/17/2019 Project Report HRTC Reservation System.doc
18/65
re5uested details a!out the present pro$ect !" asking
&arious 5uestions#
%hat is the purpose !ehind de&eloping the present
software(%hat all functioning he intents to get in the
purposed software(
%hat all the !enefits he intends to get in the
perposed software(
Next we personall" o!ser&ed their working for >-? da"s
to get a clear cut idea of how the" work in their dail"routine and their present st"le of work with regard to
maintenance of records#
- 18 -
-
8/17/2019 Project Report HRTC Reservation System.doc
19/65
SO0T:ARE RE9UIREMENTS
S!ECI0ICATION
,oftware re5uirement and specification is a document
that completel" descri!es what the proposed software
should do without descri!ing how the software do it# The
!asic goal of the re5uirement phase is to produce the
,R, which descri!es the complete complex !eha&ior of
the proposed software4s forces the other to identif" the
re5uirements #
0ence the main ad&antages are7
+n ,R, esta!lish the !asis for agreement !etween
the client and supplier on what the software product
will do#
+n ,R, pro&ides a reference for &alidation of the
final product #
+ high 5ualit" ,R, is a pre-re5uisite to high-5ualit"
software#
+ high 5ualit" ,R, reduces the de&elopment cost#
SO0T:ARE RE9UIREMENTS
=ront end- &!#net
3ack end- :,-+ccess
- 19 -
-
8/17/2019 Project Report HRTC Reservation System.doc
20/65
HARD:ARE RE9UIREMENTS
-
8/17/2019 Project Report HRTC Reservation System.doc
21/65
Chapter - @
D ,I NIN
- 21 -
-
8/17/2019 Project Report HRTC Reservation System.doc
22/65
DESI7NIN7
The most creati&e and challenging phase of the s"stem
de&elopment life c"cle is s"stem design # The term
design descri!es a final s"stem and the process !"
which it is de&eloped i#e# we ha&e mo&ed from logical to
ph"sical aspect of life c"cle the ke" 5uestion in case of
designing is
F0ow the pro!lem should !e sol&ed(G
The first step is to determine how the output is to
produced and in what format# ,amples of input and output
are also presented# The second step is
input data and the master files ha&e to !e designed to
meet the re5uirement of the and an impact of the s"stem
on the organi'ation are document and e&aluated !" the
management #
+ lot of factor are taken into consideration while
preparing a good s"stem design which includes
performance anal"sis securit" and control s"stem
protot"ping designing user interface design
documentation and re&iews etc# In the context of
present pro$ect great care and attention has !een
pro&ided to ensure proper securit" password ha&e !een
use to restrict access onl" to the authori'ed user #
:oreo&er In order to make the software eas" to use a- 22 -
-
8/17/2019 Project Report HRTC Reservation System.doc
23/65
user interface that is &er" much user friendl" has !een
used with a lot of useful tips displa"ed while feeding and
retrie&ing information#
- 23 -
-
8/17/2019 Project Report HRTC Reservation System.doc
24/65
Chapter - J
D+T+ =;O%
DI+ R+:,
- 24 -
-
8/17/2019 Project Report HRTC Reservation System.doc
25/65
D#t# 0*o8 Di#"r#m ;D0D<
Data =low Diagram is another tool use to descri!e thedesign specification# It is also a
-
8/17/2019 Project Report HRTC Reservation System.doc
26/65
O!EN RECTAN7%E)
ARRO:S AND %INES)
SOME COVENTIONS :HI%E DRA:IN7 D0D' )
+ll external files should alwa"s !e shown in the
D=D as la!eled straight line#
The need for multiple dataflow !" the process is
represented !" KH4 !etween the dataflow# ,imilarl"
the Kor4 relationship is represented !" KL4 !etween
the data flows#D=D should not represent procedural information#
,o while drawing a D=D#
One must not in&ol&e in the procedural details#
- 26 -
$n )"en *ectan'#e +sed to describe thestora'e of database
$rro! +sed to shoe the f#o! of Data . $D,D can be dra!n from to" to bottom orfrom #eft to ri'ht .
-
8/17/2019 Project Report HRTC Reservation System.doc
27/65
-
8/17/2019 Project Report HRTC Reservation System.doc
28/65
Chapter -
,N+< ,0OT,
- 28 -
-
8/17/2019 Project Report HRTC Reservation System.doc
29/65
S!%ASH SCREEN
- 29 -
-
8/17/2019 Project Report HRTC Reservation System.doc
30/65
-
8/17/2019 Project Report HRTC Reservation System.doc
31/65
MDI SCREEN
- 31 -
-
8/17/2019 Project Report HRTC Reservation System.doc
32/65
CREATE NE: %O7IN
- 32 -
-
8/17/2019 Project Report HRTC Reservation System.doc
33/65
CHAN7E !ASS:ORD
- 33 -
-
8/17/2019 Project Report HRTC Reservation System.doc
34/65
ADD NE: ROUTE SCREEN
- 34 -
-
8/17/2019 Project Report HRTC Reservation System.doc
35/65
ADD =Upd#te Bu' 0#re SCREEN
- 35 -
-
8/17/2019 Project Report HRTC Reservation System.doc
36/65
Ne8 Boo6i$" S+ree$
- 36 -
-
8/17/2019 Project Report HRTC Reservation System.doc
37/65
Ti+6et !ri$t
- 37 -
-
8/17/2019 Project Report HRTC Reservation System.doc
38/65
-
8/17/2019 Project Report HRTC Reservation System.doc
39/65
A** Route' Report
- 39 -
-
8/17/2019 Project Report HRTC Reservation System.doc
40/65
-
8/17/2019 Project Report HRTC Reservation System.doc
41/65
Chapter - B
D )O
-
8/17/2019 Project Report HRTC Reservation System.doc
42/65
ABOUT MS ACCESS
:, +ccess is a Relational Data 3ase :anagement
,"stem# In :, +ccess has much ad&antage o&er other
D3:,# The user can create Ta!le and store related data
in it# :, access pro&ides eas" wa" to create ta!les we
can create ta!les in design mode or !" using the in !uild
%i'ards# User can also create form la"out in :, +ccess#
To create ta!le in :, +ccess follows These ,teps#
12 ,tart :, +ccess form ,tart -M 2 :, +ccess +sk 9ou to sa&e the data!ase name in
specified location# T"pe the file name in file sa&e dialog!ox and click sa&e !utton#
?2 :, +ccess opens a ta!le design window in which "ou
can design the ta!le !" using design &iew of !" using
wi'ard#
2 ,elect Create Ta!le in Design )iew to open design
ta!le windows
@2 0ere "ou can t"pe the field name specif" the data t"pe
and the si'e of the fields# This window also allows the
user to define the different constraints like
-
8/17/2019 Project Report HRTC Reservation System.doc
43/65
J2 ,elect sa&e !utton in tool !ar to sa&e the ta!le !"
gi&ing a suita!le name#
- 43 -
-
8/17/2019 Project Report HRTC Reservation System.doc
44/65
THE TAB%E DESI7N :INDO:
To #tt#+2 t2e MS A++e'' 8it2 Vi'u#* B#'i+ t2e t2ree
m#>or too*' #re 8ide*( u'ed
12 The Data Control
82 The Data +ccess O!$ect D+O2
>2 The +cti&e Data O!$ect +DO2
D#t# Co$tro*
%ith data control we can access data!ase without an"
programming# %e can set to propert" of data control i#e#
Data!ase name to data!ase and Record ,ource to ta!le
- 44 -
-
8/17/2019 Project Report HRTC Reservation System.doc
45/65
name# %e can displa" the data in regular controls like
text!oxes etc#
T2e D#t# A++e'' O1>e+t
The Data +ccess O!$ect is a structure of o!$ect s for
accessing data!ase through )3 code# +ll the function of
Data Control a&aila!le in )3 Code#
- 45 -
-
8/17/2019 Project Report HRTC Reservation System.doc
46/65
Re+ord Set'
Record ,ets are the o!$ects that represent collection of
records from one or more ta!les# In data!ase
programming Record ,ets are e5ui&alent of a &aria!le in
regular programming# %e can access a ta!le director" &ia
a Record ,et O!$ect# + Record ,et is constructed of
columns and rows and is similar to a ta!le !ut it can
contain data from multiple ta!les# The Record ,et work
like a !ridge !etween the )isual 3asic and The Data!ase#
T2ere #re t2ree t(pe' o3 Re+ord Set'
12 D($#Set' which are updatea!le &iews of data
82 S$#p'2ot'. which are static read-onl"2 &iews of data
>2 T#1*e'. %hich are direct &iews of ta!les#
To Co$$e+t) ;Emp*e'<
D#t#1#'e N#me) INSSTITUTE
T#1*e N#me ) 0EE
• ,tart )3 DOT N T select #@ O!$ect ;i!rar"#
- 46 -
-
8/17/2019 Project Report HRTC Reservation System.doc
47/65
• In the general section of the form declare
two &aria!les like#
Dim D! as Data!ase
Dim R, as Record ,ource TA connect follow this code7
,et d! open data!ase Fc7 a!c insstitute#md!G2
,et rs d!#OpenRecord,et F,elect H from feeG2
Now !" using rs o!$ect we can access each fields of the
room ta!le#
T2e S9% St#teme$t'
The ,P; statements are used to extract data from a
data!ase# ,P; statements are !asicall" Record ,et
definitions# %ith ,P; statements we can extract data from
multiple ta!le at a gi&en time# %e can make 5uer" su!
5uer" with ,P; statements# The ,P; ,tatements are
!eginning with the , ; CT statement#
- 47 -
-
8/17/2019 Project Report HRTC Reservation System.doc
48/65
Chapter - 1A
)3# N T
- 48 -
-
8/17/2019 Project Report HRTC Reservation System.doc
49/65
:2#t i' NET?
#N T represents an entire range of technologies and
concepts that form a platform on which "ou can de&elop
applications# )isual 3asic #N T does ha&e an actual
&ersion num!er J#A / the num!er $ust isn4t used often#
Qust as windows 8AAA is reall" %indows NT &ersion #A
the simpler or catchier name will generall" !e the one
commonl" used# Don4t expect to hear )isual 3asic J#Aoften though. there was e&en a cash penalt" inside
:icrosoft for referring to windows 8AAA as NT #A# #N T is
a la"er that exists !eneath "our programs and pro&ides a
set of !ase ser&ices and functions# This la"er contains a
set of applications and operating s"stems called the #N T
ser&ers. a foundation set of o!$ects called #N T
framework and a set of ser&ices that support all the #N T
languages called the Common ;anguage Runtime
C;R2# #N T is more than $ust one thing. it is a collection
of software and concepts that work together to ena!le the
creation of !usiness solutions#
- 49 -
-
8/17/2019 Project Report HRTC Reservation System.doc
50/65
NET Ser4er'
+ ma$or goal of the #N T concept is to decrease the
!uilding of distri!uted s"stem in which the work is done in
se&eral different locations# =or the most part these t"pes
of s"stems do their work on the !ack end at the ser&er
le&el :icrosoft pro&ides a set of ,oftware products that
together are known as the #N T nterprise ser&ers# The"
are designed to suppl" the !ack end features needed !"
a distri!uted s"stem# These products includeThe ser&er operating s"stem :icrosoft %indows
Clustering and load !alancing software such as
:icrosoft +pp Center and :icrosoft cluster ser&er#
+ data!ase ser&er :icrosoft ,P; ser&er
+n e-mail colla!oration and free-form information storage
,"stem :icrosoft xchange ,er&er + data-transformation engine !ased around :; called
:icrosoft 3i' Talk ,er&er
+ ser&er for accessing legac" s"stems such as +,6?AAs called
0ost Integration ser&er
+nd moreS##
Together these ser&ers suppl" !ase ser&ices to #N Tapplications forming the foundation of s"stems#
- 50 -
-
8/17/2019 Project Report HRTC Reservation System.doc
51/65
NET 0r#me8or6
In the mo&e to )isual 3asic #N T man" things ha&echanged radicall". one of them is the de&elopment of a new
foundation to all the #N T de&eloApment tools# This
foundation known as the #N T framework pro&ides two ke"
things7 the !ase runtime en&ironment and a set of foundation
classes# The runtime en&ironment is similar to the operating
s"stem in that it pro&ides a la"er !etween "our program and
the complexities of the rest of the s"stem performing ser&ices
for "our application and simplif"ing access to the functionalit"
of the lower la"ers# The foundation classes pro&ide a large set
of functionalit" wrapping and a!straction such technologies
as Internet protocols file s"stem access :; manipulation
and more# The #N T framework is similar in man" wa"s to the
operating s"stem and it pro&ides its own set of +
-
8/17/2019 Project Report HRTC Reservation System.doc
52/65
Chapter - 11
T ,TIN
- 52 -
-
8/17/2019 Project Report HRTC Reservation System.doc
53/65
TESTIN7
No program or s"stem design is perfect. the
communication !etween the user and the designer
is not alwa"s clear and time is usuall" short# The
result is errors and more errors# ,o !efore
implementing the s"stem it should !e first tested# It
is tedious !ut necessar" step in s"stem
de&elopment# There are &arious testing techni5ues
which are discussed !elow with the information
that how the" are applied to present s"stem# The
testing of software is done module wise#
VA%IDATION CHECKS
,oftware &alidation is achie&ed through a series of
!lack-!ox tests that demonstrate conformit" with
re5uirements# + test plan outlines the classes of tests to
!e conducted and a test procedure defines specific test
cases that will !e used to demonstrate conformit" with
re5uirements#
+fter each &alidation test case has !een conducted one
of two possi!le conditions exists7
- 53 -
-
8/17/2019 Project Report HRTC Reservation System.doc
54/65
12 The function or performance characteristics conform
to specification and are accepted
or
82 + de&iation from specification is unco&ered and adeficienc" list is created#
CON0I7URATION REVIE:
+n important element of the &alidation process is a
configuration re&iew# The intent of the re&iew is to ensure
that all elements of the software configuration ha&e !een
properl" de&eloped are cataloged and ha&e the
necessar" detail to !olster the support phase of the
software life c"cle# The configuration re&iew sometimes
called an audit#
A%!HA AND BETA TESTIN7
If software is de&eloped as a product to !e used !"
man" customers it is I impractical to perform formal
acceptance test with each one# :ost software product
!uilders use a process called alpha and !eta testing
unco&er errors that onl" the end-user seems a!le to find#
+ customer conducts the +lpha test at de&eloper4s site#
The software is used in a natural setting with the
de&eloper Flooking o&er the shoulderF of the user and
recording errors and usage pro!lems# +lpha tests areconducted in a controlled en&ironment#
The 3eta test is conducted at one or more customer sites
!" the end-user of the software# Unlike alpha testing the
de&eloper is generall" not present# Therefore the !eta
- 54 -
-
8/17/2019 Project Report HRTC Reservation System.doc
55/65
test is a li&e application of the software in an en&ironment
that cannot !e controlled !" the de&eloper# The customer
records all pro!lems real or imagined2 that are
encountered during !eta tasting and reports these to thede&eloper at regular inter&al
- 55 -
-
8/17/2019 Project Report HRTC Reservation System.doc
56/65
Chapter - 18
I:
-
8/17/2019 Project Report HRTC Reservation System.doc
57/65
IM!%EMENTATION
+ crucial phase in the s"stem life c"cle is the
successful implementation of the new s"stem designed#
Implementation includes all those acti&ities that take place
to con&ert from the old s"stem to the new one# The new
s"stem ma" !e completel" new replacing an existing
manual or automated s"stem or it ma" !e ma$or
modification to an existing s"stem# In either case proper
implementation !ecomes necessar" so that relia!les"stem !ased on the re5uirements of the organi'ation
can !e pro&ided#
Implementation includes7
• Training of personnel
• Con&ersion procedures
•
-
8/17/2019 Project Report HRTC Reservation System.doc
58/65
TRAININ7 O0 !ERSONNE% 7
The high 5ualit" training is an essential step in
s"stems implementation# 0ence to pro&ide the training topersonnel the" ha&e !een pro&ided user manuals# The"
are asked to read it carefull" and same thing tr"
practicall" on computer# If the" don4t understand an"
thing can ask without an" hesitation# The" are asked to
enter the data which is more fre5uentl" entered and print
the reports are fre5uentl" printed# Users are told a!out
those situations which he must understand and he
should a!le to handle it#
CONVERSION METHOD )
The direct con&ersion method is applied# This
method con&erts from old to the new s"stem a!ruptl"# The
old s"stem is used till a planned con&ersion da"# The
organi'ation relies full" on the new s"stem#
- 58 -
-
8/17/2019 Project Report HRTC Reservation System.doc
59/65
Chapter - 1>
-
8/17/2019 Project Report HRTC Reservation System.doc
60/65
!OST IM!%EMENTATION
+fter the s"stem is implemented and con&ersion is
complete a re&iew is conducted to determine whether
s"stem is meeting expectations and where impro&ements
are needed# + post implementation re&iew measures the
s"stems performance against pre-determined
re5uirements# It determines how well the s"stem
continues to meet performance specifications# It also
pro&ides information to determine whether ma$or re-
design or modification is re5uired# In e&aluation s"stem is
checked against the pre- determined re5uirements# +ll
the re5uirements ha&e !een full" attained# %here
there was an" mistake that had handled throughs"stem life c"cle#
-
8/17/2019 Project Report HRTC Reservation System.doc
61/65
Re&iew area o!$ecti&es operating costs
actual operating performance and
!enefits#
- 61 -
-
8/17/2019 Project Report HRTC Reservation System.doc
62/65
Chapter - 1?
SYSTEM
MAINTENANCE
- 62 -
-
8/17/2019 Project Report HRTC Reservation System.doc
63/65
SYSTEM MAINTANENCE )
The last part of s"stem de&elopment life c"cle
is s"stem maintenance which is actuall" the
implementation of the post-implementation plan#
0ence
-
8/17/2019 Project Report HRTC Reservation System.doc
64/65
BIB%IO7RA!HY
- 64 -
-
8/17/2019 Project Report HRTC Reservation System.doc
65/65
BIB%IO7RA!HY)
1# ,"stem +nal"sis and Design 39 lias
algotia